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8/3/2019 IEEE 802.15.4 - Zigbee
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IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBeeBy:
Usman M. Nooruddin
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OverviewWhat we would be discussing in this presentation
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Overview
Introduction
ZigBee at a Glance
IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee
Comparison of Stacks
ZigBee Networking Protocol Layers
Physical (PHY) Layer
Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer
Network (NWK) Layer
Application (APL) Layer
Alternatives to ZigBee
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Introduction
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ZigBee at a Glance
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of highlevel communication protocols using small,
low-power digital radios.
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANS).
Targeted at radio-frequency (RF)applications that require a low data rate,long battery life, and secure networking.
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ZigBee at a Glance Current focus is to define a general-purpose,
inexpensive, self-organizing mesh network that
can be used for: Industrial control,
Embedded sensing,
Medical data collection,
Smoke and intruder warning,
Building automation, Home automation, etc.
Individual devices must have a battery life of atleast two years to pass ZigBee certification
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IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee
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Comparison of Stacks
ISO/OSI ZigBee
ZigBee Specification
IEEE 802.15.4
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network Data Link
Physical
Application
Network
MediumAccessControl
Physical
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ZigBee Networking Protocol LayersCourtesy: “ZigBee Wireless Networks and Transceivers”, Shahin Farahani, Page 34
Back toPrevious Slide
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Physical (PHY) Layer Closest Layer to the Hardware
Controls and communicates with the Radio
Transceiver Responsible for:
Activating and Deactivating of the radio transmitter
Modulation and Demodulation of Digital Data
Transmitting and receiving data
Selecting the channel frequency
Energy Detection
Clear Channel Assessment
Link Quality Indicator Go toStack
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Medium Access Control(MAC) Layer
Provides interface between PHY and NWK Layer.
Responsible for:
Generating Beacons Synchronization of the device to the Beacons
Employing CSMA-CA for channel access
Managing GTS channel access
Providing a reliable link between two different devices
Providing PAN association/disassociation services
Providing support for security
Go toStack
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Network (NWK) Layer Manages device addressing, location of device and
the best way to route data to them.
Communication mechanism:a) Broadcast
b) Multicast
c) Unicast
Go toStack
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Responsible for:
Configuring a new device
Assigning a 16-bit address to each device
Limits the distance that a frame is allowed to travel
Starting / Joining / Leaving a network
Applying NWK Security Layers
Routing frames to their destination Discovering and maintaining routes between devices
Discovering / Storing information of one-hopneighbors
Network (NWK) Layer
Go toStack
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Application (APL) Layer Highest Protocol Layer in the ZigBee wireless network
Comprises of three parts:
Application Support (APS) Provides an interface between NWK and APL layers
ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO)
Uses NWK and APS to implement a device as a ZigBeecoordinator, router or device.
Application Framework The environment in which the application objects are
hosted.
Go toStack
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Alternatives to ZigBeeWhat other technologies are available that are
similar in purpose to ZigBee?
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Alternatives to ZigBee (wired)
X10
Uses existing 110V wiring in the house.
A protocol that allows maximum of 256 devicesto communicate with other X10 devices
CEBus
Uses existing wiring in the house
Device addresses are set in hardware to give 4billion possible device addresses
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Alternatives to ZigBee (wired)
LonWorks
Supplied by Echelon®
Implemented using Twisted Pair Two-wire layer operates at 78 kbps
Power lines achieve up to 5.4 kbps
A native protocol that communicates with other nodes via a LonTalk Protocol
LonTalk Protocol designed to follow the ISO/OSI Model
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Alternatives to ZigBee (wireless)
Insteon
Combines power lines and wireless.
Backward compatible with X10 devices. Data rate of 1200 bps, encrypted channel
employing CRCs
Employs a repeater based protocol
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Alternatives to ZigBee (wireless)
Z-Wave
Provider of Low Data Rate (up to 9.6 kbps)
Wireless Networking Solution RF Based, two way communication using MESH
Topology
Forms the Z-Wave Alliance, a direct competitor of the ZigBee Alliance
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Thank You!For your Time and Patience.
