IEEE Internet of Things (IoT) Vertical and Topical Summit at … · 2021. 1. 27. · Dr. Fabio Tosti, BSc, MSc (Hons.), PhD (Hons.), CEng, FHEA, FCIHT, SMIEEE, MEGU Associate Professor

Associate ProfessorUniversity of West London (UWL)

The Faringdon Centre for Non-Destructive Testinghttps://www.uwl.ac.uk/research/research-centres/faringdon-centre-non-destructive-testing

Emerging Applications of Ground-based and Satellite Remote Sensing Technologies in Civil and

Environmental Engineering

IEEE Internet of Things (IoT) Vertical and Topical Summit at RWW202116 January 2021

Fabio Tosti

https://www.uwl.ac.uk/research/research-centres/faringdon-centre-non-destructive-testing

Presentation Layout

1. The Faringdon Centre for Non-Destructive Testing

2. Remote Sensing Technologies in Civil and Environmental Engineering

3. Ground-Based Remote Sensing

4. Satellite Remote Sensing

5. Concluding Remarks

❑ Multi-Temporal InSAR and Clustering Analyses

❑ Data Integration and Correlation (GB and Satellite RS)

❑ Prospects and Challenges in Wireless Sensing Applications

❑ Pavement Infrastructure Engineering

❑ Forestry Engineering

❑ Prospects and Challenges in Wireless Sensing Applications

The Faringdon Centre for Non-Destructive Testing

Professor Amir Alani Head of the Centre, Executive Dean of the School of Computing and Engineering, Rochester Bridge Trust Professor of Engineering

Dr Fabio Tosti Deputy Head of the CentreAssociate Professor in Civil Engineering

Dr Lilong Zou Research Fellow in Electric and Electronics Engineering

Mr Daniel EgyirLaboratory Technician

Miss Livia Lantini PhD Assistant

Professor Konstantin NikolicProfessor in Computer Science – AI, Machine Learning and Data Management

Dr Muhammad NaveedSenior Lecturer in Civil Engineering

Dr Kourosh BehzadianSenior Lecturer in Civil Engineering

The Faringdon Centre for Non-Destructive Testing

4

• Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems with various frequencies

(from 250 MHz to 4 GHz) and in different survey configurations.

• Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) system (1MHz to 6GHz frequencyrange).

• Laser Scanner (Leica P20).

• IBIS-FS Plus Interferometric Radar System (IDS Georadar – Part ofHexagon).

• Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) Dynatest 3031.

Remote Sensing Technologies in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a

distance (typically from satellite or aircraft).

Ground-Based Remote Sensing

Technology Background

Ground-based remote sensing uses a variety of geophysical survey techniques to "see"beneath the surface of the soil, providing a map of the underlying archaeological, alluvial andgeological features.

Non-destructive testing technique that uses radio frequency electromagnetic energy for the assessment of the subsurface or man-made constructions, without affecting their original

structure.

Ground Penetrating Radar






Mines Detection Archaeology

Geology Structures





Utilities Detection Bridges & Tunnels

Roads, Railways & Airfields


Pavement Infrastructure Engineering - Roadways500 m

1.50 m

Foundation layer

Surfaceasphalt layer

Base layer

Detection of a ditch at the foundation level


Pavement Infrastructure Engineering - Roadways

Sensingchain axis

Vehicle/GPR axis

40 km of real-life highways tested ≈ 8000 sensing points gathered, 5m spaced each to one another, along the scanning direction (Curviameter)

GPR surveys with Hi-Pave HR systems(IDS horn antennas):

• 1000 MHz• 2000 MHz• 2000 MHz (NA)

Curviameter(Euroconsult SA)

Mechanical properties of road flexible pavements


Pavement Infrastructure Engineering - Roadways

Mechanical properties of road flexible pavements


Pavement Infrastructure Engineering - Railways

Allows to bear the load from the sleepers, to facilitate drainage of water, and also to prevent vegetation to interfere with the track structure.

Granular material made of coarse crushed stone (limestone, basalt, ….)

Assessment of railway ballast foundations




FRAGMENTATION

FOULING






Assessment of railway ballast foundationsGrading-dependent behaviours


Forestry Engineering – Tree Health Monitoring

Tree health monitoring and assessmentEmerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) incidence is rapidly increasing inEuropean forests (i.e. Ash dieback, Acute oak decline, Xylella fastidiosa,Armillaria root rot).

Pests, diseases and fungal infections have severe consequences on the tree survival. Moreover, these can affect:

• Stability of the tree

• Stability of slopes and erosion of soil

• Interaction between trees and built environment (building foundations,

underground utilities, roads and highways)

Early-stage identification of symptoms is vital for the provision of effective remedial actions


Forestry Engineering – Tree Health Monitoring (Roots)

Tree roots architecture and interaction with soil

Development of new algorithms for tree roots mapping andIntroduction of a new methodology for estimating the root mass density of trees.

Innovative data acquisitionmethods and novelalgorithms for data

processing.


Forestry Engineering – Tree Health Monitoring (Roots)

Tree roots architecture and interaction with soil


Forestry Engineering – Tree Health Monitoring (Trunks)

Tree trunks investigations

Artificial decay Back-propagated waves


Forestry Engineering – Tree Health Monitoring (Trunks)

Tree trunks investigations

Visible sign of

decay


Prospects and Challenges in Wireless Sensing Applications

Pavement infrastructure engineering

• New sophisticated and effective technologies required to handle massive dataacquisitions.

• Improving current methods of data acquisition for implementation into real-time andeffective pavement management systems.

Forestry engineering

• New technologies required to collect 24/7 data for routine-based inspections (ancienttrees).

Satellite Remote Sensing

Technology BackgroundSATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

➢ Provision of dense datasets updated with a high

frequency

➢ Integration with other systems/methods

➢ Coverage of large areas

➢ System operation is independent from weather conditions (signal can penetrate through clouds and rain)

➢ Accurate measurements of the distance between a target and the radar by means of interferometry

Copernicus Missions: Sentinel-1, C-band sensor

Using the motion of a satellite, the SAR works as a large

virtual antenna capable to collect high-definition images

Different Bands and

Wavelengths

ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE

A set of different radar sensors mounted onto

satellites 500 – 1000 km height



1° Acquisition

2° Acquisition

Δt = 35/24/12 days


Multi-Temporal InSAR and Clustering Analyses

Case study

“Old Bridge” at Aylesford, Kent, UK– a 13th century masonry bridge

Seven arches, partly buried by the river bank

The two central arches were replaced in the early 1800s by a single arch of 18m span



PS Time-Series displacements analysis over the Old Bridge in Aylesford - UK

Stack


Multi-Temporal InSAR and Clustering AnalysesPS Time-Series displacements analysis over the Old Bridge

Processed COSMO-SkymedSAR images

Time range: 01/2017-2019

Stack of the bridge

Arch of the bridge

• Identification of an uplift trend and seasonal displacements, likely related to variations in the river water leveland the river bed soil expansions.

1° year: 2017 2nd year: 2018 3rd year: 2019


Data Integration and Correlation (GB and Satellite RS)GPR Tomography

PS Time-series displacement analysis

abcd

PS-InSAR

Potential correlation between surface damage (GPR) and the

displacements identified by the PS analysis.

Variability of the pavement thickness at PS1

Subsidence phenomenon

“COSMO-SkyMed Product – ©ASI – Italian Space Agency –2017- 2019. All rights reserved


Data Integration and Correlation (GB and Satellite RS)San Severo – Apricena Rail Line, Ferrovie del Gargano srl, Italy



PS-InSAR Interferometry – Network Analyses

Significant displacement sections

Mileage points

Two critical sections with a significant

displacement velocity have been identified

by the InSAR analyses.


Data Integration and Correlation (GB and Satellite RS)

PS-InSAR Interferometry – Detailed Analyses

San Severo – Apricena Rail Line, Ferrovie del Gargano srl, Italy



➢ No issues from GPR inspections

Km 4+200

PS-InSAR Interferometry – Detailed Analyses

Prospects and Challenges in Wireless Sensing Applications



• Acquisition of heavy datasets at different resolution scales.

Data Integration and Correlation (GB and Satellite RS)

• A bridge technology is needed to collate multi-scale and multi-source data.

Conclusing Remarks

• Non-destructive testing ground-based technologies are gaining momentum in civil and

environmental engineering with new and emerging applications.

• Satellite remote sensing is a ready technology for wide implementation in civil and

environmental engineering. However, lacks of in-field validation techniques is delaying the

actual use of this technology.

• A lack of use of wireless sensor-based technologies is noted. This can tackle some of the

above challenges and contribute to mass development and enhancement of these remote

sensing techniques.

Dr. Fabio Tosti, BSc, MSc (Hons.), PhD (Hons.), CEng, FHEA, FCIHT, SMIEEE, MEGUAssociate Professor in Civil EngineeringDeputy Head of The Faringdon Research Centre – Non-Destructive Testing CentreSchool of Computing and Engineering,University of West London (UWL),Ealing, London, W5 5RF, UKE: [email protected]: https://www.uwl.ac.uk/users/fabio-tosti

Contact

mailto:[email protected]

https://www.uwl.ac.uk/users/fabio-tosti

Special thanks to research collaborators of the Faringdon Centre:

• Prof. Andrea Benedetto: Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.

• Dr. Luca Bianchini Ciampoli: Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.

• Mr. Valerio Gagliardi: Department of Engineering, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.

Acknowledgements

Thank you!

Documents

IEEE Internet of Things (IoT) Vertical and Topical Summit at … · 2021. 1. 27. · Dr. Fabio Tosti, BSc, MSc (Hons.), PhD (Hons.), CEng, FHEA, FCIHT, SMIEEE, MEGU Associate Professor