IEEE SMC 2020

2020 International Conference on

Systems, Man, and Cybernetics

Workshop on Brain-Machine Interface Systems October 11 - 14, 2020 Toronto, Canada Sponsored by

2 SMC 2020 | Workshop on Brain-Machine Interface Systems 2020

Welcome Message from the BMI Workshop Organizers

The 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC 2020) is the flagship conference of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society. This year, for the first time in the history of the Society, it will be held virtually from Toronto, Canada due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The conference provides an international forum for researchers to report recent innovations and developments, and to exchange ideas and advances in all aspects of systems science and engineering, human-machine systems, and cybernetics. These are areas of increasing importance to the creation of intelligent environments involving technologies interacting with humans to provide an enriching experience and an improved quality of life. As part of SMC 2020, the IEEE SMC 2020 10th Workshop on Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) Systems will be held virtually from October 11–14, 2020. The goal of the Workshop is to provide a forum to present research results and facilitate the interaction and intellectual exchange between researchers, developers, and consumers of BMI technology. Contributions report the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of BMI, including affective BMIs, hybrid BMIs, deep learning for BMIs, neurorehabilitation, BMIs and virtual/augmented reality, and other real-world applications. These topics represent both challenges to the field and a tremendous opportunity for collaborative and multidisciplinary research, thus requiring expertise in systems engineering, human-machine systems, cybernetics, neuroscience, medicine, robotics, and other disciplines. This year’s theme is The Past, Present, and Future of Neurotechnology Development: Towards the “Internet of Minds”. The 2020 BMI Workshop will feature a virtual BR41N.IO BCI Hackathon, six invited speakers, one expert panel, contributed paper presentations, and the 2020 International BCI Award. The Workshop is organized by the IEEE SMC Technical Committee on Brain-Machine Interfaces Systems and is technically co-sponsored by the IEEE Brain Initiative. This year, we have 45 papers accepted after careful peer-review by experts in BMI-related fields and will be presented across 9 oral sessions covering topics related to: new trends in BMI; BMIs for the assess-ment of consciousness; brain-inspired cognitive systems; BMIs for robotics and movement sciences; advances in motor imagery BMIs; deep learning for BMIs; mobile BMIs; and passive BMIs for operational environments.

We are also pleased to have six outstanding invited speakers: • Christoph Kapeller (g.tec, Austria): Current & future BCI applications (Sunday, October 11, 10:30-11:00 EDT) • Martin Walchshofer (g.tec, Austria): (1) How to run a real-time BCI and (2) Unicorn BCI demonstration

(Sunday, October 11, 11:00-12:00 EDT) • Tim Mullen (Intheon, USA): LSL &NeuroPype tools for BCI applications (Sunday, October 11, 12:00-12:30 EDT) • Adam Kirton (Alberta Children’s Hospital, Canada): Clinical applications of BCIs in pediatric populations

(Sunday, October 11th, 15:00-15:45 EDT) • Dean Krusienski (VCU, USA): Recent Progress in Intracranial Speech Decoding and Cognitive-state Monitoring

in VR (Monday, October 12, 12:30-13:30 EDT) • Ana Maiques (Neuroelectrics, Spain): Neurotech: from helping patients in need to changing the way humans

interact (Wednesday, October 14, 12:30-13:30 EDT)

Virtual BR41N.IO Brain-Computer-Interface Hackathon

Hackathons are two-day brainstorming and collaborative marathons that create an environment supporting the rapid production of working prototypes. Registered SMC 2020 attendees interested in BCI/BMI and related technologies may participate in the free Brain Computer Interface Hackathon organized by the BMI Workshop to be held on Sunday, October 11th and Monday, October 12th, 2020. There are $3,000 in cash prizes to be won. Register at https://www.br41n.io/Toronto-2020 or email guger@gtec.at if you have questions. Expert Panel

This year we will feature one virtual expert panel on the theme of BMIs in the Clinic – Emerging Applications (Sunday, October 11th, 16:15-17:00 EDT). Panelists include Dr. Adam Kirton (Alberta Children’s Hospital), Dr. Dora Hermes Miller (Mayo Clinic), and Dr. Aysegul Gunduz (University of Florida). Dr. Christoph Guger (g.tec) will moderate the discussion. They will share their research on clinical BCI applications for pediatric patients, deep brain stimulation, and for the development of biomarkers for neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases.

SMC 2020 | Workshop on Brain-Machine Interface Systems 2020 3

International BCI Award

The International BCI Award, endowed with US$6,000 prize, is one of the top accolades in BCI research. The BCI Award was created to recognize outstanding and innovative research in the field of Brain-Computer Interfaces. Twelve projects are nominated, and the winner will be announced at the BCI Award Ceremony on Tuesday, October 13 from 12:30-14:30 EDT by the BCI Award Chair Dr. Christoph Guger.

10th Anniversary Celebrations

We will celebrate the 10 years of the BMI Workshop with two live virtual events. Join us on Tuesday, October 13th from 19:00-20:30 EDT for a live mixology class over Zoom where you will learn to make a famous Canadian cocktail, followed by a jazz concert from one of Canada's most respected and influential jazz artists. We will then close the Workshop with a live virtual celebration of the 10 years of the BMI Workshop. Join us on Wednesday, October 14 from 17:30-19:00 EDT to revisit some fun stories from previous editions, see some friends, and celebrate the great people behind the ten years of the Workshop. Organization Committee and Supporters

We would like to thank the many individuals who worked hard in organizing the Workshop, including the Technical Program Co-Chairs: Abdelkader Belkacem, Sarah Power and Teodiano Bastos; Special Session Co-Chairs: Tim Mullen, Sri Krishnan, Francisco Fraga, and Stefanie Blain-Moraes; Industry Co-Chairs: Ferdinand Ephrem and Javier Minguez; Publicity Chair: Yannick Roy; Student/Young Professional Liaisons: Soumiya Sivasathiyanath and Behnaz Ghoraani, Media Relations Chair: Sarah Breinbauer, and Webmaster: Liviu lvanescu, as well as Brain Hackathon Chair and Co-Chairs: Christoph Guger, Tiago H. Falk, Adam Kirton, Tim Mullen, Ning Jiang, and Diana Ghinda. Special thanks to also all the Special Session organizers: Christoph Guger, Ivan Volosyak, Tim Mullen, Tiago H. Falk, Stefanie Blain-Moraes, Amy Kruse, Yingxu Wang, Dongrui Wu, Christian Kothe, Luca Tonin, Luca Ascari, Andrew Law, Tzyy-Ping Jung. We also thank the BMI Workshop supporters for their generous funding: IEEE Brain, g.tec, SMC, and Intheon.

Michael H. Smith Honorary Chair m.h.smith@ieee.org University of California, Berkeley, USA

Tiago H. Falk General Chair falk@emt.inrs.ca INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Canada

Ljiljana Trajkovic General Co-Chair ljilja@cs.sfu.ca Simon Fraser University, Canada

Christoph Guger General Co-Chair guger@gtec.at g.tec medical engineering GmbH, Austria

4 SMC 2020 | Workshop on Brain-Machine Interface Systems 2020

Virtual BR41N.IO Brain Hackathon

Sunday October 11, 9:00 – Monday October 12, 18:00 (EDT)

What is it?

BR41N.IO Brain Hackathon is a brainstorming and collaborative marathon designed to be a learning experience for developers, technologists, engineers, students, artists, and scientists who cram and build brain-computer interface (BCI) applications together in teams. Who can participate?

Anyone can participate who has interests in BMI, BCI, robotics, AR, VR, machine learning, computing, sensors, human-machine interface systems, control, signal processing, big data, haptics, rehabilitation, and similar areas. Participants do not have to be a BMI expert to participate on a team! What's in there for me?

Be creative, think outside the box. The best BR41N.IO projects will be awarded with cash prizes:

- BR41N.IO Intheon Prize: $ 1,000 - BR41N.IO IEEE SMC Prize: $ 1,000 - BR41N.IO IEEE Brain Prize: $ 1.000

Schedule

See schedule summary on the next page HOW TO PARTICIPATE

Step 1: Sign up for a project

There are several predefined projects which you can choose to work on. The projects are described in detail at https://www.br41n.io/Toronto-2020. Participants can use their own hardware and software, if available. Step 2: Meet your team virtually

Organizers will connect you with the team members of your project. Create your own virtual meeting space using Skype, Google Hangouts, Zoom, etc. to start working on your ideas. Step 3: Stay connected via Slack

While you work on your groundbreaking new BCI applications, organizer will be available on slack to answer all the questions that might come up and support you wherever they can via Slack. Step 4: Present your projects virtually and win

You will be invited to present your results virtually via Zoom. Prepare yourself to explain what you did, what the results are and to show a demonstration (live or with a video) to the international audience.

Sponsors

SMC 2020 | Workshop on Brain-Machine Interface Systems 2020 5

Sund

ay, O

ctob

er 1

1Tu

esda

y, O

ctob

er 1

3W

edne

sday

, Oct

ober

14

Hack

atho

nPa

per S

essio

nHa

ckat

hon

Pape

r ses

sion

Pape

r ses

sion

6:00

9:00-10:00

BR41

N.IO

Hac

kath

on P

ress

Con

fere

nce

10:00-10:30

Wel

com

e

10:30-11:00

Curre

nt a

nd fu

ture

app

licat

ions

of b

rain

-co

mpu

ter i

nter

face

s (Ch

risto

ph K

apel

ler)

11:00-11:30

How

to ru

n a

real

-tim

e BC

I app

licat

ion

(Mar

tin W

alch

shof

er)

11:30-12:00

Unico

rn B

rain

Inte

rface

Dem

onst

ratio

n (M

artin

Wal

chsh

ofer

)

12:00-12:30

LSL a

nd N

euro

Pype

tool

s and

BCI

ap

plica

tions

(Tim

Mul

len)

12:30-13:00

13:00-13:30

13:30-14:00

Star

t BR4

1N.IO

Hac

kath

onEn

d BR

41N.

IO H

acka

thon

14:00-14:30

14:30-15:00

15:00-15:30

15:30-16:00

16:00-16:30

16:30-17:00

17:00-17:30

Mee

ting

of H

acka

thon

Jury

17:30-18:00

BR41

N.IO

BCI

Hac

kath

on A

war

ds

Cere

mon

y (C

hrist

oph

Guge

r, Lji

ljana

Tr

ajko

vic)

18:00-18:30

18:30-19:00

19:00-20:30

BMI W

orks

hop

Socia

l Eve

nt: 1

0th

Anni

vers

ary

Cele

brat

ions

24:00:00

BCI H

acka

thon

Nig

ht B

reak

Hack

atho

nBM

I Pap

er Se

ssio

nBM

I Pan

el

Hack

atho

n in

vite

d sp

eake

rBM

I Spe

cial

Even

tBM

I key

note

IEEE

SM

C 20

20 W

orks

hop

on B

rain

-Mac

hine

Inte

rface

Sys

tem

s - P

rogr

am S

umm

ary

Proj

ect P

rese

ntat

ions

(Chr

istop

h Gu

ger)

Mon

day,

Oct

ober

12

BMI S

essio

n 8:

Mob

ile B

rain

/Bod

y Im

agin

g an

d BM

I (Ch

airs

: Tim

Mul

len

and

Chris

tian

Koth

e) 8

41, 8

42, 1

044,

108

4, 1

121

Hack

ing

Star

t BR4

1N.IO

Hac

kath

on (C

hrist

oph

Guge

r)

Clin

ical a

pplic

atio

ns o

f BCI

s in

pedi

atric

po

pula

tions

(Ada

m K

irton

)

BMI S

essio

n 1:

New

Tre

nds i

n Ne

ural

In

terfa

cing

(Cha

irs: C

hrist

oph

Guge

r and

Iv

an V

olos

yak)

447

, 498

, 782

, 858

, 115

5

Rece

nt P

rogr

ess i

n In

tracr

ania

l Spe

ech

Deco

ding

and

Cog

nitiv

e-st

ate

Mon

itorin

g in

VR

(Dea

n Kr

usie

nski

)

BMI S

essio

n 2:

BM

Is fo

r the

Ass

essm

ent

of C

onsc

ious

ness

(Cha

ir: S

tefa

nie

Blai

n-M

orae

s and

Tia

go F

alk)

428

, 659

, 685

, 70

3, 9

03

BMI S

essio

n 3:

Bra

in-In

spire

d Co

gniti

ve

Syst

ems (

Chai

r: Yi

ngxu

Wan

g) 4

51, 5

55,

645,

680

, 753

BMI S

essio

n 4:

New

Tre

nds i

n Ne

ural

In

terfa

cing

- II (

Chai

r: Iv

an V

olos

yak)

476

, 71

4, 8

30, 9

11, 1

168

BMI S

essio

n 5:

BCI

s for

Rob

otics

and

M

ovem

ent S

cienc

e (C

hairs

: Luc

a To

nin

and

Luca

Asc

ari)

584,

787

, 801

, 811

, 893

BCI A

war

d an

d In

terv

iew

s

(C

hrist

oph

Guge

r)

BMI S

essio

n 6:

Rec

ent A

dvan

ces i

n M

otor

Im

ager

y BC

Is (C

hair:

Sar

ah P

ower

) 177

, 44

9, 5

98, 8

16, 8

50

BMI S

essio

n 7:

Dee

p Le

arni

ng fo

r BCI

s (C

hairs

: Abd

elka

der B

elka

cem

and

Tim

M

ulle

n) 3

86, 3

95, 1

177,

122

5, 1

226

Pane

l: De

cade

of B

MI R

esea

rch

BMI S

essio

n 9:

Pas

sive

BCI f

or O

pera

tiona

l En

viro

nmen

ts (C

hairs

: And

rew

Law

and

Tia

go

H. F

alk)

770

, 914

, 108

9, 1

135,

117

4

BMI I

ndus

try K

eyno

te: N

euro

tech

: fro

m

help

ing

patie

nts i

n ne

ed to

chan

ging

the

way

hu

man

s int

erac

t (An

a M

aiqu

es)

Pane

l 1: B

MIs

in th

e Cl

inic

- Em

ergi

ng

Appl

icatio

ns

2333-942X/20©2020IEEE4 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE July 2020

This special section of IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Magazine contains contributions on a timely research topic: brain–machine inter-face (BMI) systems. The section was solicited by the late Mo El-Hawary, past editor-in-chief of

the magazine. It includes a pictorial view of BMI activities sponsored by the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) Society as well as technical articles. Also included in this section is an interesting reprint from Communications of the ACM where SMC Society members José del R. Millán, Michael H. Smith, and 2019 SMC BMI Workshop panelist Al Emondi dis cuss brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). A collec-tion of testimonials was also solicited to honor Michael H. Smith, the driving force behind the Society’s BMI efforts and activities. (See “Testimonials”.) Finally, I very much appreci-ate contributions by Tiago H. Falk, Christoph Guger, Ricar-do Chavarriaga, Joel Libove, the authors of testimonials and technical articles submitted to this special section, and the valuable and extensive efforts of the reviewers. I also thank the IEEE Brain Initiative, IEEE Standards Association,

IEEE Societies and Councils, and numerous supporters and contributors to SMC BMI Workshops over the years.

Since 2009, the IEEE SMC Society has been organizing and supporting BMI Workshops as part of the annual IEEE SMC flagship conferences (Figures 1–12). Furthermore,

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSMC.2020.2995186 Date of current version: 15 July 2020

S P EC I A L S EC T I O N

Figure 1. IEEE President James A. Jefferies opening the Global Brain Initiatives meeting at the 2018 SMC BMI Workshop.

Brain–Machine Interface Systems

by Ljiljana Trajkovic

©IS

TOC

KP

HO

TO.C

OM

/VE

RTI

GO

3D©

ISTO

CK

PH

OTO

.CO

M/V

ER

TIG

O3D

July 2020 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE 5

Figure 4. A distinguished industry panel at an SMC BMI Workshop.

Figure 3. The audience is fascinated by a presentation at an SMC BMI Workshop.

Figure 2. The Global Brain Initiatives meeting chaired by SMC BMI Workshop General Chair Michael H. Smith.

6 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE July 2020

TestimonialsProf. Jack L. Gallant University of California at BerkeleyIt would be difficult to overstate Dr. Smith’s contributions to the SMC, the IEEE, and the advancement of neurotechnology within the IEEE. Dr. Smith’s involvement in the SMC Society over the past decade has been critical for the success, modernization, and expansion of the Society. Although Dr. Smith does not currently hold a formal position in the SMC Society, he continues to play a critical role in the Society as an advisor, recruiter for senior service positions, long-range planner, and a repository of institutional memory. He initially spearheaded and has continued to push the Society to play a key role in the development of the field of BMI devices. He created the first of many SMC Society BMI Workshops in 2009.

An important contribution of Dr. Smith was that he immediately started inviting members of the U.S. Brain Initiative to participate in these workshops, helping to build an early relationship between the U.S. Brain Initiative and the IEEE. Another contribution was his inviting representatives of the world’s Global Brain Initiatives to one of his workshops, again helping to build a relationship between them and the IEEE. Also, a significant contribution of Dr. Smith has been the development and promotion of the IEEE Brain Initiative. As a senior advisor of the IEEE Brain Initiative, he promoted the idea of an IEEE Brain Initiative through the SMC and then lobbied other IEEE Societies and the IEEE leadership to come on board. He recruited a leading neuroengineer, Prof. Jose Carmena, to become involved in SMC’s BMI Workshop and later serve as the Society’s representative to the IEEE Brain Initiative (where he is now a cochair). Throughout the several years that it took to bring this effort to fruition, Dr. Smith was doggedly persistent but always unfailingly polite and politically astute. He was happy for others to get the credit for his hard work as long as the end result was positive. I suspect that few members of the IEEE have been as generous with their time and so effective in the outcome.

Prof. Larry O. Hall University of South FloridaMike Smith has provided important service to the IEEE SMC Society, with his first major above-and-beyond service coming before he was president. He helped out President Pierre Borne by attending IEEE Technical Activity Board meetings when President Borne could not. This was a big-time commitment. He made the effort to understand the issues and how the president wanted to vote on them. Understanding how another will want something done is time consuming, and Mike did it seamlessly.

Mike also did a great job stabilizing SMC Society finances just before and while he was the Society president. The Society ran into a brief rough spot, where it was in an operational fiscal deficit. Mike was able to quickly spot a couple of places for improvement that

immediately swung the finances into the positive with a solid surplus. His extensive experience in business was instrumental in enabling a quick turnaround.

One of the ways that Mike helped out the Society was by growing the size of the annual conference by making it a great event for attendees from a social as well as scientific perspective. He pioneered the use of quality special sessions to build attendance. Mike motivated people to put together the special sessions and, in particular, utilized the unflagging help of Prof. Hideuki Takagi. He was and continues to be the force behind SMC’s BMI Workshops. Mike also experimented with novel ways to add members, such as providing conference attendees a one-year membership in the SMC Society. He increased member value through the publications received (electronically) while keeping the membership fee affordable. In general, Mike proved himself to be a tireless motivator, worker, and ambassador for the SMC Society.

Mike Smith always has ideas about how to make things bigger and better. He is always very generous in sharing his ideas, and when someone is interested in an idea, he helps create a path to realize it. Mike is also good at modifying any approaches that can be improved after having been ideated. He has worked hard both as a leader and behind the scenes to make the Society a more modern, sustainable entity, which all members appreciate.

Prof. José del R. Millán Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneMy first encounter with Mike Smith was in 2009, on the occasion of the annual IEEE SMC conference in San Antonio, Texas. In fact, Mike had the early vision to make the field of BMI (or brain–computer interface) an integral part of the research program of the SMC Society, and he invited Dr. Jose Carmena from the University of California, Berkeley and me to give a tutorial on this topic during the conference. Soon after, Mike convinced the two of us to join the SMC Society and establish the Technical Committee on BMI Systems. The three of us started the organization of the annual BMI Workshop as part of the flagship annual IEEE SMC conference, whose scientific prestige grew rapidly. The SMC BMI Systems Workshop is now attracting an increasing number of submissions over the years, especially from researchers initially outside the IEEE.

Mike’s relentless and fervent efforts have made the BMI Workshop a key element of the annual IEEE SMC conference, placing the SMC Society at the heart of the IEEE Brain Initiative and BMI activities. We can certainly state that Mike has played (and continues to play) a pivotal role in making the SMC Society a reference in the field of BMI. This is far from a trivial achievement because, due to its multidisciplinary nature, BMI is a growing research field that is attracting significant interest in many domains and conferences.

July 2020 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE 7

a number of IEEE Societies, IEEE Councils, and the IEEE Brain Initiative have technically cosponsored these Workshops for a number of years. The IEEE SMC BMI Workshops have included regular technical program ses-sions, special sessions, interesting and engaging panels, prominent invited speakers, tutorials, and IEEE Stan-dards Association meetings. Since 2016, highlights of the BMI workshop programs have also included BR41N.IO BCI Hackathons.

The 2018 IEEE SMC BMI Workshop, held in Miyazaki, Japan, was the venue of a meeting of the Global Current and Emerging Brain Initiatives, with representatives from 10 countries and other stakeholders. The 2020 IEEE SMC BMI Workshop will be held in Toronto, Canada, 11–14 October 2020 (http://musaelab.ca/bmi20/smc2020_bmi .html). We hope to see many of you in Toronto this year!

Special Section ArticlesThe topics of the three technical articles in this special section address machine learning schemes in BMIs, machine learning algorithms for electroencephalography signals, and body/BMI.

◆ “Brain–Machine Interfaces: A Tale of Two Learners,” by S. Perdikis and J. del R. Millán, addresses the need

Figure 7. A Hackathon participant working on a smart home controller with a BCI system.

Figure 6. The preparation of a Unicorn BCI at an SMC BMI Workshop Hackathon.

Figure 5. A lively poster discussion with SMC BMI Workshop General Cochair Tiago Falk (foreground) and Cochair Ricardo Chavarriaga (background).

Figure 8. The judges listening to SMC BMI Workshop Hackathon presentations.

Figure 9. The judges, including (seated, second left) IEEE President Barry L. Shoop; (standing, left) SMC BMI Workshop General Chair Michael H. Smith; (seated, third left) SMC BMI Workshop Speaker Jack Gallant; and (seated, center) IEEE Brain Initiative Cochair Paul Sajda, discuss Hackathon presentations.

8 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE July 2020

for subjects to learn how to modulate their brain activ-ity and to more effectively combine machine and sub-ject learning.

◆ “Neural Interface Instrumented Virtual Reality Headsets: Toward Next-Generation Immersive Appli-cations,” by R. Cassani, M.-A. Moinnereau, L . Ivanescu, O. Rosanne, and T. H. Falk, describes a portable, wireless body/BMI prototype that inte-grates a number of sensors into a virtual-reality head-mounted display.

◆ A. Appriou, A. Cichocki, and F. Lotte offer a formal study of recent machine learning algorithms and convolu-tional neural networks used for designing calibration-free BCI systems in “Modern Machine-Learning Algorithms: For Classifying Cognitive and Affective States From Electroencephalography Signals.”

About the AuthorLjiljana Trajkovic (ljilja@cs.sfu.ca) is a professor in the School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Her research inter-ests include communication networks and dynamical sys-tems. She is the IEEE Division X delegate/director (2019–2020) and past president of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society and IEEE Circuits and Systems Soci-ety. She is the general cochair of SMC 2020 and SMC 2020 BMI Workshop. She served as the general cochair of SMC 2019 and SMC 2018 BMI Workshops and as the technical program chair of SMC 2017 and SMC 2016 BMI Work-shops. She is a Distinguished Lecturer (2020–2021) of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society and a Fel-low of the IEEE.

Figure 10. Happy Hackathon winners. (Far left): SMC BMI Workshop Hackathon Chair and organizer Christoph Guger.

Figure 11. The SMC BMI Workshop was a true success, and what a better way to finish it off than having the IEEE SMC Society President (2018–2019) Eddie Tunstel (third from bottom right) hosting a traditional Japanese sukiyaki dinner, followed by roasted marshmallows for dessert enjoyed by all including the author (bottom left).

Figure 12. SMC BMI Workshop General Chair Michael H. Smith celebrates the conclusion of a successful SMC BMI Workshop.