IELM, HKUST 2008 Barcode in Hong Kong. Outline 8/22/2015 IELM550 Global Manufacturing Introduction Project objective The use of barcode What is missing

IELM, HKUST2008

Barcode in Hong Kong

Outline

04/19/23IELM550 Global Manufacturing

IntroductionProject objectiveThe use of barcodeWhat is missing in Hong KongAction planIELM 550The deliverables

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Introduction [1/2]Barcode

A bar code (also barcode) is an optical machine-readable representation of data.

barcode: 11-14 digitsDifferent structures

E.g. UPC - retail

04/19/23IELM550 Global Manufacturing3

Introduction [2/2] HK Barcode

GS1 Former Name: The Hong Kong Article Numbering Association Only organization in Hong Kong authorized to issue GS1 and

EPC identification numbers for different trading items, locations and parties

Member: >1 million companies; 108 member organizations; 150 nations/economies

GS1 involves:Industrial forumsIndustrial ProjectsWorkshopsProvision of membership and services to industry


Project objective

Explore the full potential of barcode in retail in Hong Kong and beyond.


Applications of Barcode in SC [1/3]


Barcode used in every stages

Applications of Barcode in SC [2/3]


• SC and inventory tracking and control

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Applications of Barcode in SC [3/3] Ease the checkout of products – UPC

Show prices, quantityStock outPromotion – coupon

Barcode coupons can be delivered to cell phones. Customers can redeem them at retail locations using standard barcode scanner.


Barcode for Consumer[1/5]Tracking products’ information…

Internet hyperlinkBarcode in Japan


Barcode for Consumer [2/4]


Case 1: food- e.g. allergic to peanut in soy milk (gene)

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Case 2: medicine

- contain heavy metal (e.g. mercury)?In both cases, buyers may want to know

more regarding:• Origins of raw materials• effects of major raw materials• Government regulatory materials• Allergic reactions/side effects• Details of quality checking• etc.

Barcode for Consumer[3/5]


Use barcode to represent personal information of end customers

Applications:• Buy tickets on cell phones (movie/concert..)• Obtain boarding pass• Identity Verification

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Buy tickets on cell phones• Hong Kong: use credit cards, pay at arrival and

obtain tickets • US: pay online, print confirmation letter, scan

the barcode on the letter, obtain tickets• MBO (Mobile Box Office): Pay on cell phone, obtain barcode, scan the

phone screen

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• Obtain boarding pass• Scan barcode from cell phones

• Identity Verification• Identities check before allowing the holder to enter • sports arenas, fairgrounds, transportation etc.

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What is missing in HK?All stages of Supply Chain except

Consumer

Missing: barcode applications for consumerThe way for Consumers to get informationHow to get consumers’ information

Consumers: DemandRetailers: Service supply


Enhancement [1/2]Software

Compatible to cell-phoneDevelop & UpdateCost

Hardware supportCell phone with camera (Common)Camera resolutions?


Enhancement [2/2]Network & Telecom support

2G? 3G? 4G?Speed

Database IssueInformation required by consumersMaintenance & updateAccuracy of information?


GS1 End-user information

Identity Verification – “Money Back” card of Park’n Shop E-tickets

More cooperation Telecommunication – E-tickets via MMS “.com” – access hyperlink & database Software & hardware – Cell phone or other medium

Standard provider & bridge Add more value

Consumer More SC information

Food content, medicine description Decision making

Other parties in SC Feedback of end-user information Consumer behavior

3rd parties Software, Network, database & Cell phone

Government Food - Food and Environmental Hygiene Dept. ( 食物環境衞生署 ) Medicine - Hospital Authority (醫院管理局 )

Benefits[1/2]


Benefits[2/2]


Supply Chain: Information sharing

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Action plan


• Information collecting• Internet• Site visit

• Interview with lead users

• Technology-oriented Retailer

• Young consumers• Expertise

• GS1• Technological

professional

• Information collecting• Internet• Site visit

• Interview with lead users

• Technology-oriented Retailer

• Young consumers• Expertise

• GS1• Technological

professional

Action plan


• 2 stages Questionnaires• 1st,Potential applications

• 5 points scale

(From want to Not want)

Example:

1. Know food origin

2. Know Medicine allergy from package

3. E-ticket on Cell-phone• 2nd, Problem with Selected ones

• 7 points scale

(From strongly disagree to neutral, to strongly agree)

Example:

1. I want to have cell-phone with camera

2. I want to know more information about *** by cell-phone at any time.

3. I would search info online before buying.• Data analysis

• Decision making (AHP, Analytical Hierarchy Process)

• 2 stages Questionnaires• 1st,Potential applications

• 5 points scale

(From want to Not want)

Example:

1. Know food origin

2. Know Medicine allergy from package

3. E-ticket on Cell-phone• 2nd, Problem with Selected ones

• 7 points scale

(From strongly disagree to neutral, to strongly agree)

Example:

1. I want to have cell-phone with camera

2. I want to know more information about *** by cell-phone at any time.

3. I would search info online before buying.• Data analysis

• Decision making (AHP, Analytical Hierarchy Process)

Action plan


• Subjects• 20 lead users

• Apparatus• Cell-phones with camera• Existing identification software• Potential product with barcode• Existing database support

• Objective evaluation• Speed-accuracy tradeoff• Factorial Design

• Different barcodes (sizes) and resolutions of camera

• Time and errors• Subjective evaluation (User satisfaction)

• 7 points scale with comments• Fromm “Strongly Disagree” to

“Neutral”, “to Strongly agree”For example:1. The barcode is easy to be scanned.2. The cell-phone is easy to scan3. The information is enough

• Subjects• 20 lead users

• Apparatus• Cell-phones with camera• Existing identification software• Potential product with barcode• Existing database support

• Objective evaluation• Speed-accuracy tradeoff• Factorial Design

• Different barcodes (sizes) and resolutions of camera

• Time and errors• Subjective evaluation (User satisfaction)

• 7 points scale with comments• Fromm “Strongly Disagree” to

“Neutral”, “to Strongly agree”For example:1. The barcode is easy to be scanned.2. The cell-phone is easy to scan3. The information is enough

Action plan


• Weekly meeting• Regular

Communication• Stanford• GS1

• Weekly meeting• Regular

Communication• Stanford• GS1

IELM 550


IELM 550

v


International Cooperation


Stanford UniversityUS Market information

Comparison with HKApplications in USCompatibility with HKFurther discussion

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The Deliverables


A comprehensive final report Description of the goals and expectations Description of present status Demand Identification New applications description

Technology reviewExpertise

International (US) market information Usability test

Evaluation of existing software and hardware Recommendations for improvements

including description of risk and uncertainties Business model with promotion plan Implementation timetable with major milestones Supporting documents

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Overall scheduleFrom Jan 9th to Mar 20th, 2009


Thank you!

Q & A


Documents

IELM, HKUST 2008 Barcode in Hong Kong. Outline 8/22/2015 IELM550 Global Manufacturing Introduction Project objective The use of barcode What is missing