HELIA. 20. Nr. 26. p.p. 95-102. (1997) UDC 63 1.522.2 I : 633.854. 78

RELAÎIONSHIP QF AUTOGAIVTT AND SELFFERTILITYWTTH SEDD YIELD AI\ID YIELD

COMPOI\IENTS IN SUNFIO1VER(Helianthr:rs crruurus L.)

I. K. Doddamani, S. A. Patil- and R. L. Ravikumar

Department oJ Genetics and Plant Breeding, UniDersitA OJ Agricultural Sciences,Rrishinaaar. Dharuwod - 58O OO5 (Indîa)

Receiued: April9, 1996Accepted: Mag 5, 1997

SUMMARY

Interrelations of eight biomorpohological characteristics such as plantheight, days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, stem girth, head diame-ter, seed set, 100-seed weight, oil content and their correlations with autog-amy, self fertility and seed yield per plant were examined in a study thatincluded 47 genotypes. The head diameter followed by lO0-seed weight, plantheight and stem girth showed significant positive âssociation with seed yield.The strongest associâtion was with head dianeter which was also revealed inthe path coefficient analysis with the highest positive direct effect. Autogamyand self fertility showed significant negative correlation with seed yield. Days to5O percent flowering also showed direct negative effects. The positive effect ofplant height was through head diameter. Autogamy also showed highly negativeassociation with important yiled-contributing characters such as head diame-ter, stern girth, plant height and IOO-seed weight suggesting such negative asso-ciations are to be broken for achieving high yielding genotypes with highautogamy.

Key words: Sunflower (Helianthus artrrutrs L.), autogamy, self fertility,self compability, correlation, patb analysis.

INTRODUCTION

Yield is an important and extremely complex character which may be regardedas the end product ofinterrelated attributes. Yield is such a low heritable characterthat there are no genes as such for yield but it is manifested through indirect selec-tion for one or more of its component characters. The correlation between two yieldcomponent characters is not a simple relationship but is rather an interaction ofseveral charactes. The mutual association becomes more and more complex as

* Corresponding author

96 HELIA, 2O, Nr. 26, p.p. 95-102, (1997)

more and more variables are included. In sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), alongwith high yield, development of superior self compatible hybrids/varieties is alsoimportant. Improvement of seed yield together with self fertility can be broughtabout only by understanding the grain yield and its components through autogamyand self fertility. Therefore, in the present study, association of eight importantcharacters with autogamy, self fertility and seed yield was studied at the phenotypiclevel. Further, the relative importance of these characters was measured by pathcoeffecient analysis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A total of 47 genotypes involving 1l hybrids, 3l inbreds and 5 populations(Table 1) were grown during the rainy season of 1994 in a randomized completeblock desigr with three replications. Each genotype was grown in two rows of 4.2 mlength wlth a spacing of 60 cm x 30 cm. AII the recommended practices were fol-lowed to raise the crop.

From each genotype 15 plants per replication were randomly selected forrecording observations and imposing treatrnents. Ten plants were covered withcloth bags soon after first ray florets opened in the capitulum. Remaining 5 plantswere left for open pollination. Arnong 10 bagged heads five were selected for manualself pollination (each morning heads were rubbed through the bag by hand till flow-ering was completed). The percent seed set, autogamy, (George et al.' l98O) and selffertility were determined as given below:

Number of filled seeds x 100Seed set (o/o) = Total seeds

% Seed set under autogamous pollinationAutogamy(%) = * tu,

Self fertility (o/o) =7o Seed set under manual pollination x lOO% Seed set under open pollination

The other quantitaflve characters such as plant height, days to 5O percent flow-ering, days to maturity, stem girth, head diameter, seed set, loo-seed weight' oilcontent, and seed yield were recorded on selected 5 plants left for open pollination.

The phenotypic correlation coefficients were computed accordint to Al Jibouriet al., (f959) and path coefficient analysis was carried out as per the proceduregiven by De Wey and Lu ( 1959) to estimate the direct and indirect effects of the yield

components on seed yield.

HELIA, 20, Nr. 26, p.p. 95-r02, (1997) 97

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTable l: List of entries grown during kharif 1994 summer

Sl. No Hybrid Inbred PopulationI

z

4

5

o

7

8

I10't1

12

to

t+

15

to

17

1B

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

BSH-1

tsFH-306

DSH-1

DSFH-17

DSH-4

DSH-36

DSH-38

MSFH-1 117

DSH-39

KBSH.1

DSH-11

RLC-2

DSF.2

4546-B

R-274

R-857

NDRLOS-2

rv 83 (NB)

234-B

NDROLOS.l

RLC-4

RLC-1-1

R-265

NDBLOS-4-B

RR.1

822-B

tB-49

NDBLOS-4-1

lB-41

R-298

NDRLOS-6

Br-1-56-89

v-60M-151

M-150

M-132

M-103

M-161

M-107

M-133

M-129

M-148

EC-68414

1210

EC-6841s

MODERN

1222

The strongest positive association of seed yield was with head diameter (O.475)followed by plant height (O.45f ), IOO-seed weight (O.4Og) and stem girth (0.299)(Table 2). These characters also showed positive direct effect on seed yield. Similarobservaûons were also made by Choudhary and Anand, (1993) and Punia and Gill,( 1994) . As head diameter and l OO-seed weight along with plant hight recorded larg-est direct effects on seed yield, enough weight must be accorded to these charactesin breeding programmes. Autogamy and self fertility percent recorded significantnegative association with seed yield. Self fertility also showed a negative and direct

98 HELIA, 2O, Nr. 26, p.p. 95-102, (1997)

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effect on seed yield. There was a significant positive association between atuogamyand self fertility, this suggesting selection for either self fertility or autogamy wouldbe equal. Further, self fertility is also negatively associated with some of the impor-tant yield components such as plant height, stem girth and IOO-seed weight whichhave direct positive effect on seed yield. In such situations selection for self fertilityor seed yield alone is unlikely to give desirable effect because of undesirable associ-ations of seed yield and self fertility on one hand and self fertility and yield compo-nents on the other. Therefore, simultaneous selection for self fertility and seed yieldis necessary. In such situations, understanding the association of other characterswith seed yield and self fertility is important.

The other characters such as days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity andoil content did not show any significant association with seed yield. Similarly Puniaand Gill ( 1994) reported no association of oil content and other charactes with seedyield. However, in the present study, oil content showed significant positive associa-tion with seed set (0.469) and IOO-seed weight (0.435). The oil content had negativedirect effect on yield (Table 3) in this study. But, Choudhary and Anand (1993)observed positive association of oil content with seed yield. However, oil content hasa positive indirect effect through plant height which has a direct positive effect onseed yield.

From these results it can be concluded thath plants that are tall, with thickstem, larger head size and IOO-seed weight are more likely to give higher seed yield.Our results are in accordance with Tyagi (1985), Laksham Rao (1985), Visic(199f ), Marinkovié (1992), Badwal (1993) and Punia and Gill (1994)' Hence, lOO-seed weight, head diameter and plant height should get due attention in sunflowerbreeding programmes for higher yield. However, these parameters are negativelyassociated with self fertility. Hence, breeding high yielding genotypes w.ith high selfcompatability would be rather difficult. High self fertility coupled with higher yield

will be possible if negative associations of self fertility with important yield compo-nents are broken. Biparental mating systems and population improvement for bothcharacters simultaneousy through recurrent selection are to be resorted to breaksuch undesirable linkages in sunflower.

REFERENCES

A-l-Jibouri, H.A., Miller, P.A. andRobinson, H.F., f958. Genotypicandenvironmentalvariancesand covariances in an upland cotton cross ofinter-specific origin. Agron. J., 5O: 633-636.

Badwal, S.S., Raheja, R.K., Ahuja, K.L. and Bawa, 8.S., 1993. Path coefficient analysis insunflower [Helianthus c"nnuus L.). Indian J. Genet., 53 (4): 387-39O.

Choudhary, S.K. and Anand I.J. 1993. Correlation and path coefficient analysis in F1 and F2generations in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). International Journal of TropicalÀgriculture 1l (3): 204-208.

,George, D.L. and Shein, S., 1980. Effect of pollination and compatibility on seed set. SunflowerMay/June, pp. 12-14.

Lakshmana Rao, N.G., 1983. Studies on correlation and path analysis in sunflower. (Heltanthusannuus L). M. Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Univ. Agric' Sci., Bangalore'

HELIA,2O, Nr. 26, p.p. 95-102, (1997) 101

Punia,M.S.,andGill,H.S., l994.Corelationsandpathanalysisforseedyieldtraitsinsunflower.(Heltanthus annuus L). Helia, 17 (2O):7-ll.

Marinkovié, R. f 992. Path coefficient analysis of some yield components of sunflower (Heltan-thus annuus L.). Euphytica, 5O: 2Ol-2O5.

Tyagi, 4.P., 1985. Association and path analysis of y.ield components and oil percentage insunflower (Helionthus annnuus L.). Proc. of l lt" lnter. Sunfl. Conf. 8O7. fO-f3 March,Mar del Plata, Argentina.

ViSié, M., 1991. Correlation betwen eight characters in three sunflower hubrids and pathanalysis in coefficients. Sawemena poUoprivreda, 39 :27 -34.

RELACIÔN ENTRD LA AUTOGAMIA Y LAAUTOFERTILIDAD CON EL RENDIMIENTO EN SEMILLAYCOMPONENTES DE RENDIMIENTO DN GIRASOL(Helianthus annuus L.)

RESUMEN

La interrelacidn elltre ocho caracteristicas biomorfol6gicas tales comoaltura de la planta, dias a 5O por ciento floraci6n, dias a maduraci6n, circun-ferencia del tallo, diâmetro del capitulo, llenado de semilla, peso de IOO seml-llas contenido de aceite y sus correlaciones con autogamia, autofertilidad yrendimiento en sernilla por planta fueron examinados en un estudio queincluyd 47 genotipos. El diâmetro del capitulo seguido por el peso de 100semillas, altura de la planta y circunferencia del tallo mostrd una asociaciônpositiva significativa con eI rendimiento en semilla. La asociaci6n mâs fuertefue con el diâmetro del capitulo el cual fue también identificado en el anâùisisdel coeficiente de sendero como el del mayor efecto positivo directo. La autoga-mia y la autofertilidad mostraron una correlacidn negativa y significativa con elrendimiento en semilla. Los dias a 50 por ciento de floraciôn también mos-traron una asociacidn altamente negativa con caracteres importantes que con-tribuyen aI rendimiento tales como diâmetro del capitulo, circunferencia deltallo, altura de Ia planta y peso de lOO semillas sugiriendo que tales asocia-ciones negativas deben ser rotas para alcanzar- genotipos con alto rendimientoy con autogamla.

L02 HELIA, 20, Nr. 26, p.p. 95-rO2. ( 1997)

RELI\TIONS ENTRE AUÎOGAIVIIE ET AUTOFERTILITÉAVEC LE RENDEMENT EN GRAINS ET LES COMPOSA]YTESDU RENDEMENT CH,î:Z LE TOURNESOL (Helianthusannuus L.)

nÉsuvrÉ

læs relations entre huit caractères biomorphologiques tels que la hau-teur de la plante, le nombre de jours à 50% de floraison, le nornbre de joursà maturité, la circonférence de la tige, le diamètre du capitule, le nombre degraines, le poids de 10O graines. la teneur en huile, et leurs corrélationsavec I'autogamie. I'autol-ertilité et le rendement en grains par plante ont étéanalysées dans une étude cornportant 47 génotypes. Le diamètre du capit-ule pr-ris respectivement le poids de l0O grains, la hauteur de la plante et lacirconférence de la tige montrent une relation positive avec le rendement.L'association la plus étroite concerne le diamètre du capitule dont I'analysepar le "Path coeflicient" révèle I'effet positif direct le plus fort. L'âutogamie etI'autofertilité ont présenté des corrélations négatives significatives avec lerendement en grains. [æ nombre dejours nécessaires à 5O% de floraison estsoumis également à des effets négatifs directs. L'effet positif de la taille de laplante est relié au diamètre du capitule. L'autogamie présente aussi uneassociation fortement négative avec les caractéristiques liées au rendementtelles que le diamètre du capitule, la circonférence de la tige, la hauteur dela plante et le poids de lOO grains, suggérant que de telles associationsnégatives doivent être rompues pour I'obtention de génotypes à forte autoga-mie et a rendement élevé.