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 Q 2 2011 September Section B

a. What do you understand by Term ETHICS?

b. Why is it necessary or a proessiona! body to ha"e a

Code o Ethics?

C. Each o the ei#ht c!auses o the IES$ code o ethics %ith

a speci&c issue %hich must be obser"ed to ensure

comp!iance %ith the code o ethics. Identiy each o these

and #i"e a short description o the aspects co"ered by

each o the c!ause.

 Ethics, also known as mora! phi!osophy, is a branch of philosophy  that

involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and

wrong conduct.

Professional ethics encompass the personal, organizational and corporate standards of behavior 

expected of professionals.

 Professionals and those working in acknowledged professions, exercise specialist knowledge

and skill. How the use of this knowledge should be governed when providing a service to the

 public can be considered a moral issue and is termed professional ethics.

Professionals are capable of making judgments, applying their skills and reaching informed

decisions in situations that the general public cannot, because they have not received the relevant

training.

 One of the earliest examples of professional ethics is probably the Hippocratic oath to which

medical doctors still adhere to this day.

  What are Professional Ethics

Professional ethics is related to any work that a person does for an occupation

and his concern towards the society. Professional ethics carries additional moral

responsibilities. 

Professional man or woman possesses distinctive qualifications which make them

unique in a society. Ethics is defined as the philosophical study of moral values and

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rules. ‘Profession’ means a type of job requires special training and that brings a fairly

high status, for eample ! work connected with medicine, law and engineering

 Professional ethics are the rules governing the conduct, transactions and relationships

within a profession and among its publics. "he quality of action of any professional, will

necessarily, be adjudged upon their individual perceptions as well as the broad and

supreme vision deployed in day to day activities and interrelations among their own

brethren and others outside. "he word professional ethics may at first blush, though

may signify mere moral conduct, as been rightly chosen to normatively provide

empirical evidence of the essentially to conform to professional standards and

conduct, benefiting the importance of the profession itself. #arious criteria and practices

regarding professional ethics are described below.

How to practice Professional Ethics

$ere % criteria is mentioned to practice Professional Ethics

1. Knowledge

"he job must include complicated skills, theoretical knowledge, a clear judgment and

caution. Preparation of a person to do a job requires some formal education like

technical studies as well as humanistic studies. "his includes professional ethics.

2. Organization

&ome organi'ations must be formed for the profession. "hese must be accepted by thepublic to set the standards for that profession, writing code of professional ethics and

also these organi'ations have to represent that profession to the public. (or e.g.

societies like )&"E and )EEE.

3. Public Good

"he job must help the public by doing a favor to them quoted in its code of ethics.

&o generally it can be said that an occupation is considered as a profession only when

professionals have got all the above mentioned criteria.

Responsibilities mentioned related with Professional EthicsProfessional responsibilities are considered to be the most basic and comprehensive

professional virtue in regard with Professional ethics. *esponsibility refers to being

morally responsible as a professional. *esponsibilities related with professional ethics

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include a variety of specific virtues which are important in particular situations. "hese

virtues are+

1. elf direction

"hese virtues in professional ethics are essential in eercising the moral autonomy and

the responsibility. "hese virtues are divided into groups.

i- #irtues which give focus on understanding and gaining knowledge

through perception. Eamples are selfunderstanding and humble attitude of mind in

assessing a character.

ii- "he second group focuses its attention towards commitment and

understanding the actions such as courage, selfdiscipline, perseverance, loyalty to

commitments, self respect and integrity.

. Public spirited !irtues

"hese virtues are based on the benefits of clients as well as general public who are

affected by the work of others.

Eamples are justice, a sense of community and generosity. /ustice includes a sense of 

respect for rights of others in making their own decisions on the risks.

 )n a sense of community, there should be a clear and proper faith even without any

slight mistake0 hope of factors for meaningful life within professional and public

communities. 1enerosity means helping others beyond minimum requirements. 2ith

respect to professional ethics generosity include the voluntary services and spending

time, talent and money to the professional societies such as )&"E, )EEE and local

communities.

3. "eam work !irtues

"hese virtues are known as intellectual virtues. "hese are base on the proficiency of an

individual about his technical skills and jobs. "hese virtues include competence i.e.

being well prepared for the tasks, diligence i.e. alertness to danger and careful attention

the tasks and creativity.

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)n professional ethics above said 4 categories may partially coincide with some general

virtues. "hey can be interrelated with other virtues known as ‘5ardinal #irtues’ or ‘5hief 

#irtues’ such as wisdom, courage, temperament and justice.

i- #ntegrity

6oral integrity refers to the unity on the basis of moral concern and honesty. )ntegrity is

the unity between responsibility of an individual in his personal and professional life.

#irtues of self respect and pride in the job can be made possible only with the help of 

the integrity. )ntegrity prevents the attitude among the individuals that they are not

responsible for their wrong doings in the job. )t creates an enthusiasm among the

individuals for achieving ecellent performance in their job and also makes them to seethat the job is done well.

2hile talking about professional ethics maintaining integrity is possible only with the

attitude of compromise. "hey are the possible ways to keep relationships when

difference arises. &ometimes, they may lead to severe conflict between working life and

personal life.

 &o, for maintaining integrity, an individual must have the ability to identify reasonable

compromises and be should also be willing to reasonable compromises.

$onesty is also a basic thing needed for integrity in addition to unity. $onesty is based

on the aspects of truthfulness and trustworthiness.

)n professional ethics truthfulness and trustworthiness are based on the following

virtues.

i) Honesty  in act means the individual should not steal, manipulate accounts

or get bribes and kickbacks.

ii) Honesty in Speech means an individual should not mislead others by hisspeech. $e should not tell lies and also not withhold the information pertaining to others.

iii) Honesty in beliefs is nothing but intellectual honesty. 7n individual should

not be deceptive and he should not avoid tricky the unpleasant truths and should not

hide the evidences favourable to others selfesteem and biases.

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iv) Discretion means that an employee should not interfere in the decisions

taken by the employer or the client. $e should not interfere with matters confidential

information.

Honesty is the basic virtue which is essential for professionals to engage a good 

relationship with the society and to fulfill the requirements in professional ethics.

i- elf respect

#aluing oneself in some morally suitable ways is known as the selfrespect. "o some

etent both terms self respect and self esteem are synonymous. 8ut there are some

peculiar differences. (irst, &elf respect is a moral concept and self esteem is a

psychological concept when talking about professional ethics. &econdly, self respect

means valuing oneself whereas self esteem refers to having a positive attitude may be

ecessive or unwarranted.

elf respect has 2 forms namely $recognition% and $appraisal%.

Recognition is giving respect to other people as an individual. 7s per this, we have

responsibility to show recognition ! respect towards others and we should respect the

rights of others as a sense of our own rights.

 Appraisal means properly valuing ourselves as how well we face moral standards and

our personal aims. 8ecause of their good character, some people deserve higher 

respect. "his is a goal of professional ethics.

 7 sense of honour  emphasi'es the intensive feelings of self respect and its minimum

requirements. )t conveys directly the pride in maintaining high professional stds, mental

agony in failing to meet minimum standards of professionalism and a feeling of guilt for 

wrong doings.

Self control   is the virtue of maintaining personal discipline in professional ethics. )t

implies how to avoid weakness of will because of lack of effort, half hearted

commitments, temptation, self deception and ecessive or distorting fear or hatred. &elf 

respect gives a strong motive for avoiding these weaknesses.

Courage is the tendency to face dangers and difficult jobs in rational ways and with self 

control. 9n the basis of the dangers confrontedcourage takes many forms such as

physical courage, social courage and intellectual courage.

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 7ll above mentioned virtues are the important facts while we practice professional ethics

as a professional. 8usiness ethics won’t make a sense to lead a meaningful life. )t is a

must to implement professional ethics in a professional’s life. Professional ethics will act

as a standard to keep a healthy life of a social wellbeing. nder above context !"#$ eight

code ethics and subse%uent rules are formulated and published as !"#$ accepted code of ethics toguide !"#$ members to maintained the professional standard as engineers. &ow you can

describe the 'ode ethics briefly. (ll the above facts are not necessary but for your reference that

are included.