1

IEX8175 RF Electronics

Avo Otstelekommunikatsiooni õppetool,

TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst.avo.ots@ttu.ee

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Hierarchical QoS

Customer # 1 VLAN

VoIP

VideoConf

VideoStream

Data p1

Internet

Data p2 Cust 1

Cust 2

Cust 3

Cust 4

Cust n

MPLS VPNInternet

GigE

10 GigE

MPLSTunnel

3

Uni- and Bi-directional

A

CE

BF

D

Uni-directional Ring(1 fiber)

C-A

A-CA

CE

BF

D

Bi-directional Ring(2 fibers)

C-A

A-C

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Kiudoptika & DWDM

• Wavelengths can be time-division multiplexed into a series of aggregated connections

• Sets of wavelengths can be spaced into wavebands

• Switching can be done by wavebands or wavelengths

• 1 Cable can do multi terabits/secCable

Fibers (100+)

Wavebands

Wavelengths(Multi Tbps)

(Timeslots)(OC12,48,192)

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SONET

DataCenter SONET

SONET

SONET

DWDM DWD

M

AccessLong HaulAccess MetroMetro

Internet

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Protocol and Services

Internet

Access Access

Handle Protocol

New Services

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Traffic & Network Engineering• Traffic engineering (TE)

– Put the traffic where the bandwidth is– (Sub-)second/minute time scale

• Network Engineering (NwE)– Put the bandwidth where the traffic is or is soon expected to be– 15 minute/hour/day/week time scale

• Network Planning (NP)– Put the equipment, fibers and bandwidth where the traffic is

expected to be [in the future]– Month/quarter/year time scale

0

seco

nd

min

ute

15 m

in

hou

r

day

mon

th

qu

arte

r

year

TrafficEngineering

TrafficEngineering

wee

k

NetworkEngineering

NetworkPlanning

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Traffic Engineering (TE)

• The process concerned with optimally routing of signals over existing links in a layer network– More specific: Optimally assigning available bandwidth to requests

(to the network) for bandwidth.

• It is an intra layer network process• TE process in each layer network

– discovers the links created by network planning and engineering– advertises the links and their bandwidth utilisation– manages (set-up, release, modify) connections in the layer network;

i.e. processes incoming calls for native and client connections– restores high grade connections on signal fail [or signal degrade] of

the connection

• It is implemented by the Sub Network Controllers within the layer network

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Network Engineering

• The process concerned with optimally selecting topology and bandwidth in a layer network, based on – (pro-active) traffic demands expected between any two locations in the

network and – (re-active) the actual traffic demand

• It is an inter layer network process• NwE process in each layer network

– advertises the nodes and their ports within the layer network– monitors the layer network and determines if/when a new (topological) link

should be added or an existing link should be modified or released, based on the network provider's policy

– determines best set of connections between ports in the layer network– requests those connections to be set up by its server layer networks; i.e.

generates outgoing calls for client connections

• It is implemented by the (distributed) Network Engineering Controllers (NEC) within the layer network

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HOVCLink

Interfaces - Layer Networks

UNILOVCLink

I-NNII-NNI

PC

I-NNIUNI

STM-NPhysicalInterface

Component Link

HOVC Permanent Connection

[non-switched]

LOVC VPN #1

LOVC VPN #2

LOVC PN

HOVC VPN

HOVC PN

PN: Public NetworkVPN: Virtual Private Network

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Ressursijaotus

Dedicated Bandwidth Circuits Shared Bandwidth Circuits

Mb

ps

Time

Dedicated Transport &

Transfer Rate In Network

Actual Data Rate

Usage vs. Time

Wasted Bandwidth

Mb

ps

Time

Multiple Data Customers in

Shared Trunk Bandwidth

Sum of Aggregate Bandwidth

Much Less Wasted Bandwidth

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Linkshttp://www.packetizer.com/voip/ams/papers/ams_project_description.pdf

http://www.brynosaurus.com/pub/net/p2pnat/

http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1700.txt?number=1700

http://www.juniper.net/http://www.juniper.net/solutions/literature/white_papers/200161.pdf