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OperationIraqi Freedom

Stability Operations Handbook

1 OCTOBER 20031

CONTENTSCONTENTS.............................................................................................1

FORCE PROTECTION STANDARDS....................................................1VEHICLE MOVEMENT................................................................................1

WEAPONS CONTROL STATUS DEFINITIONS.........................................2

STANDARDS FOR GREEN ZONES...........................................................3

CONDUCT A PATROL/CONVOY...........................................................4MISSION.....................................................................................................4

PCI..............................................................................................................4

PATROL REHEARSAL................................................................................5

ACTIONS AT A SHORT HALT (MOUNTED)...............................................6

ACTIONS AT A SHORT HALT (DISMOUNTED).........................................6

ACTIONS AT A VEHICLE BREAKDOWN...................................................6

ACTIONS UPON MISSION COMPLETION.................................................7

ACTIONS ON CONTACT.......................................................................8GENERAL...................................................................................................8

PLAN, PREPARE, AND REHEARSE..........................................................8

REACT TO CONTACT.....................................................................................8

DIRECT FIRE..............................................................................................8

INDIRECT FIRE...........................................................................................9

OBSTACLE/ RESTRICTION (MANMADE OR NATURAL)..........................9

NBC.............................................................................................................9

RIOTS..........................................................................................................9

SUICIDE ATTACK.....................................................................................10

CRIMINAL ACTIVITY................................................................................10

SUSPECTED WMD SITE..........................................................................11

AMBUSH...................................................................................................11

ACT AS A QRF.....................................................................................13MISSION...................................................................................................13

PLAN, PREPARE, AND REHEARSE........................................................13

CONDITIONS............................................................................................13

STANDARDS.............................................................................................14

SUB-TASKS..............................................................................................14

ESTABLISH A HASTY CHECKPOINT.................................................17MISSION...................................................................................................17

ESTABLISHING THE CHECKPOINT........................................................17

RUNNING THE CHECKPOINT.................................................................181

CONDUCT A VEHICLE SEARCH........................................................19MISSION...................................................................................................19

GENERAL GUIDELINES...........................................................................19

CONDUCTING THE SEARCH..................................................................19

CONDUCT A PERSONNEL SEARCH.................................................19MISSION...................................................................................................19

RESPONSIBILITIES..................................................................................19

CONDUCTING THE PERSONNEL SEARCH............................................19

CONDUCT GUARD AND FOB SECURITY..........................................19PURPOSE.................................................................................................19

MISSION...................................................................................................19

GUARD MOUNT PROCEDURES..............................................................19

CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONVOY ESCORT.....................................19MISSION...................................................................................................19

GENERAL.................................................................................................19

ACTIONS WHEN ENCOUNTERING MINES OR UXO.........................19MISSION...................................................................................................19

ENCOUNTERING MINES OR UXO..........................................................19

REPORT FORMAT....................................................................................19

PROBE FOR MINES.................................................................................19

CONDUCT SELF/UNIT EXTRACTION FROM MINEFIELD......................19

DETECT TRIPWIRE/BOOBY TRAPPED MINE.........................................19

DEALING WITH THE PRESS...............................................................19MISSION...................................................................................................19

PREPARING TO MEET THE MEDIA........................................................19

ACTIONS DURING THE INTERVIEW.......................................................19

GENERAL.................................................................................................19

USEFUL PHRASES IN IRAQI DIALECT ARABIC...............................19COMMANDS, WARNINGS, AND INSTRUCTIONS...................................19

HELPFUL WORDS, PHRASES, AND QUESTIONS.................................19

INTERROGATION.....................................................................................19

FORCE PROTECTION STANDARDSVEHICLE MOVEMENTAll vehicle groups must have the following prior to movement: Complete PCIs (see page 4) NVGs for at minimum each serial commander and driver Protective mask and JSLIST equipment must be available in

each vehicle Basic load of ammunition per weapon system Minimum of 2 radios Minimum of 2 days supply of Class I and water per person 9-line Medevac request posted on windshield For FPCON B and C, crew-served weapons can include M240 or M249, but if available also include at least one M2, MK19, or heavier weapon.

DELTA (MOVEMENT MEASURES LIMA)Attack has already occurred or convoy is specifically targeted Minimum of 2 Combat vehicles with crew-served weapons or

4 wheeled vehicles with minimum 2 automatic weapons Lead and trail vehicles have a three-man crew with ability to

observe rear of the vehicles Maximum of 20 wheeled vehicles in any group 1 of every 4 vehicles focused entirely on force protection

w/crew served weapons Crew-served weapons in Red status and manned at all times Minimum of one Combat Life Saver and tow strap or cable

per vehicle Approval for movement—LTC

CHARLIE (MOVEMENT MEASURES JULIETTE)Incident imminent in AO but not localized to convoy route Minimum of 2 combat vehicles wheeled vehicles with 2 crew-

served weapons

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Lead and trail vehicles have a 3-man crew with ability to observe rear of the vehicles

All vehicles have a tow strap/cable per vehicle 1 of every 4 vehicles focused on force protection with crew

served weapons Crew served weapons in Amber status and manned at all

times Minimum of one Combat Life Saver per group of vehicles Approval for movement CPT

BRAVO (MOVEMENT MEASURES INDIA)Minimum group of 2 combat vehicles or two wheeled vehicles with crew-served weapons Lead and trail vehicles have a three-man crew with ability to

observe rear of the vehicles Minimum of one Combat Life Saver per group of vehicles Crew weapons in Amber status and manned at all times Approval for movement CPT

WEAPONS CONTROL STATUS DEFINITIONS

GREEN No magazine in well No round in chamber Weapon on Safe Magazines in ammo pouch

AMBER Fully loaded magazine in well No round in chamber Weapon on safe Additional magazine in ammo pouch, not loose or in pockets M249: bolt is pulled rearward to the half-cocked position, and

then the bolt is allowed to go fully forward. Rounds are loaded on the feed tray, but there is no round in the chamber.

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RED Fully loaded magazine in well Round in chamber Weapon on safe M249: bolt is pulled to the rear, and rounds are loaded on

the feed tray. Go to red if directed by senior vehicle occupant in response

to immediate threat, or if responding in self-defense to situation in which deadly force is authorized

STANDARDS FOR GREEN ZONESThe following rules are in effect immediately for travel off of base camps or installations in Iraq. These rules complement and do not supercede the ROE.

GENERALAll travel off of a US controlled base camp or installation must be for official purposes only. At a minimum, a two-vehicle convoy, with at least two soldiers in each vehicle, is required. Prior to any travel, the senior soldier will ensure that all personnel are briefed on and understand their mission, weapons status, and actions in response to enemy contact.

UNIFORM AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR TRAVELSoldiers traveling off of base camps or installations will be in DCUs with Kevlar helmet, protective vest or body armor, and LBE. Protective mask and JSLIST equipment must be available in each vehicle. At least one operational radio must be in each dismounted team.

INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION POSTURESoldiers traveling off of base camps or installations will carry their assigned weapons. Soldiers will be in weapons status amber. Weapons will be cleared prior to entry of US base camps or installations. The senior occupant of each vehicle will personally supervise the clearing of all weapons.

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CONDUCT A PATROL/CONVOYMISSIONYou will conduct patrols and convoys for a number of reasons. Some of the typical missions are:

a. Show presence in an area of operations

b. Conduct reconnaissance

c. Conduct logistical resupply operations

d. Prevent criminal activity

PCI Do radio checks with the TF TOC and internal nets on all

radios. Have MEDEVAC freq set and posted, as well as nine-line format.

All radios must have most current fill and frequencies. Ensure everyone has cue frequency.

Check dispatches to ensure that they are up to date and that the Q/C is current. Ensure operator level maintenance is recorded on the 5988-E, and no deadlines are present.

Conduct a functions check on all patrol weapon systems. Ensure headspace and timing is set on .50 caliber.

Make sure soldiers know (and are in) the correct weapons posture IAW ROE and published weapons status.

Ensure all night and thermal sights have appropriate batteries and are functional.

Have additional plugger batteries on hand, as a backup for vehicle power.

All vehicles must have the proper amounts and types of colored chemlights as per unit SOP.

Ensure there are fully stocked combat lifesaver bags in at least one vehicle, an up to date IV bag, and a qualified Combat Lifesaver present.

Every vehicle must have a map or satellite photo blowup with the current TF graphics.

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The patrol leader must have a roster of personnel with standard name lines, and list of sensitive items by serial number.

Make sure patrol leader has the proper departure report format to request movement from the TF TOC.

Unit/SP time and location Destination Vehicle by type Number of Pax Inform TF TOC when arriving at final destination, and upon

return. Have at least one interpreter. Have copies on hand of:

– Chain of custody document– Sworn statement– Detainee/EPW processing forms

PATROL REHEARSALAs a minimum, rehearse and go over: Task and purpose of the patrol, to include the commander’s

intent. Route, checkpoints, road conditions, rally points, and format

for reporting control measures to higher. Actions at breakdowns. MEDEVAC procedures. Mine strike procedures and locations of known minefields (if

applicable.) Neighborhood conditions, if applicable. Actions on contact. Actions to take on a break in contact. Actions to take on a break in communications longer than 30

minutes. Designated speed, interval, and security plan. Patrol risk assessment/reduction plan. CCIR: PIR/EEFI/FFIR.

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ACTIONS AT A SHORT HALT (MOUNTED)1. Report location and situation.2. Dismount local security.3. Maintain 360 security in vehicles, and remain at prescribed

Force Protection level.4. Conduct During Operations PMCS.5. Keep TCs informed.

a) Assigned sectors.b) Present location.c) Purpose and length of halt.d) Current situation as it develops.

6. Conduct two-minute drills.

ACTIONS AT A SHORT HALT (DISMOUNTED)1. Report location and situation2. Maintain 360 security, and remain at prescribed Force

Protection levela) Pointman secures forward in direction of travelb) Left flank secures to leftc) Right flank secures to rightd) Two rear soldiers turn around and secure reare) Take a knee (if longer than fifteen seconds, assume

prone position)3. Keep squad leaders informed

a) Assigned sectorsb) Present locationc) Purpose and length of haltd) Current situation as it develops

ACTIONS AT A VEHICLE BREAKDOWN1. Ensure that the vehicle moves to a safe location if possible

before dismounting. Mark vehicle appropriately to avoid further accidents.

2. Establish & maintain security. Verify location vs. known minefields and high-risk neighborhoods.

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3. Assess the nature of the breakdown. 4. Report location, situation, your actions, recommendations5. Rig for self -recovery or coordinate external recovery, and

notify maintenance personnel of fault.6. Never abandon personnel. Avoid abandoning vehicles or

equipment if possible.

ACTIONS UPON MISSION COMPLETION1. Account for sensitive items and people, and send

appropriate closing report to higher.

Unit/Arrival timeLocationVehicle by typeNumber of PAXGreen 2 StatusAmmunition Readiness Posture

2. Notify TF TOC of any changes to current INTSUM. If there are any changes, coordinate with S-2 for debrief.

3. PMCS vehicles and equipment in preparation for future missions.

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ACTIONS ON CONTACTGENERALActions on contact are immediate actions drills your platoon will execute as required in the course of conducting their assigned mission. Key to Actions on Contact is the rapid execution of the drill and returning fire.

PLAN, PREPARE, AND REHEARSE Understand and implement ROE Conduct a map or area recon Identify possible threats and rehearse battle drills IAW

mission requirements

REACT TO CONTACTWhen encountering enemy forces, units must execute actions on contact quickly, violently, and deliberately. Whether they remain undetected or are identified by the enemy, units first take measures to protect themselves, size up the enemy, and decide on a course of action. To properly execute actions on contact, sections and platoon must: Remain focused on the objective Report quickly and accurately Maintain contact with the enemy Retain freedom to maneuver The four steps of action on contact are; Deploy and Report (Four personnel, North, Out.) Develop the Situation (Act, follow with SALT report) Choose & recommend a course of action Execute the Course of Action.

DIRECT FIRE 1. Send contact report2. With an inferior force, neutralize immediately.8


3. With a superior or unknown force, return fire and move to cover.

4. Send detailed report with recommendation to higher

INDIRECT FIRE1. Send contact report2. While moving mounted or dismounted. The unit should

attempt to continue moving while seeking cover and concealment. The move should be at a minimum 500 meters.

3. While at a fixed location such as a checkpoint: sit out the initial volley and then attempt to move out of the engagement area


OBSTACLE/ RESTRICTION (MANMADE OR NATURAL)1. Seek cover and concealment, and report.2. Establish near side security.3. Attempt to identify enemy influencing the obstacle/restriction

using thermal sights, binoculars, or NODs.4. Reconnoiter the obstacle to determine the obstacle type,

width, orientation, depth and composition. Get GPS grids.5. Mark and report obstacle, making recommendation to

higher.6. Coordinate for engineer support if necessary to reduce

obstacle.

NBC1. Mask and go to MOPP 42. Report initial contact3. Use M256 kit, or M8/M9 paper to determine Chemical type4. Move out of area and send NBC 1 and 4 Report5. Send detailed report with recommendation to higher

RIOTS1. Make initial report

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2. Evaluate the situation to determine if you have the assets to control the riot

3. If you can control the riot long enough for QRF assistance to arrive, maintain position

4. If the riot cannot be controlled, break contact ensuring security of personnel


SUICIDE ATTACK1. Send contact report2. Neutralize attacker if possible3. Conduct ACE (Ammo, Casualties, equipment) report if

suicide attack is not stopped4. Establish CASEVAC point5. Establish security and be alert for follow-on attacks6. Do not attempt to render medical assistance to or move

attacker.7. Contain site for EOD and MP assistance.8. Send detailed report with recommendation to higher

CRIMINAL ACTIVITY1. Send contact report2. Neutralize the individuals suspected of criminal activity IAW

the ROE3. Zip-tie the individuals suspected of criminal activity.4. Put a security detail on the detainee. Establish local security

IAW METT-TC demands. Follow the 5S’s.5. Clear confiscated weapons safely.6. Render medical aid to detainee if needed, using personnel

not on the security detail.7. Mark off the scene of the crime. Do not allow bystanders into

the area, and limit soldier movement in the area as much as possible.

8. Make a detailed report to higher.9. Collect as many sworn statements as possible from

eyewitnesses. Tag seized weapons with chain of custody forms, and fill out EPW processing forms.

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10. Stay on the scene until CI or MP arrives to take control.

SUSPECTED WMD SITE1. Look for hazard signs.2. Identify known hazards.3. Stay alert for alarms from detection equipment.4. Secure the site so there is no threat to friendly forces or local

population.5. Make an initial NBC-1 or SALUTE report.6. Check for booby traps or NBC hazards.7. Remove personnel from the suspect site (rooms, buildings)

as rapidly as possible, denying the opportunity to destroy files, records, and equipment.

8. Control all personnel at the site as described above in “React to Criminal Activity.” Keep them apart from their equipment and from each other.

9. Make a detailed report to higher.10. Defend the equipment, rooms, vehicles, or buildings from

direct attack or sabotage.11. Control the site until properly relieved so that any evidence

of NBC activities is preserved for future action.

AMBUSHWhen ambushed, leaders must decide whether their elements will withdraw from contact or destroy the enemy. In a near ambush, friendly elements are within hand grenade (dismounted) or RPG range (mounted) of the enemy.

Near Ambush1. Seek IMMEDIATE COVER2. Send contact report3. Obscure and Suppress4. Leader determines size and location of ambush5. Elements in kill zone assault ambush 6. Send detailed report with recommendation to higher7. Extract casualties 8. Continue to develop the situation

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Far Ambush1. Seek IMMEDIATE cover2. Send contact report3. Obscure and suppress4. Move out of kill zone5. Element not in kill zone assault ambush6. Report / Request assistance if necessary7. Send detailed report to higher to include recommendation8. Extract casualties9. Continue mission or develop the situation

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ACT AS A QRFMISSIONYou will get the mission to act as a QRF to provide a reserve to your commander for missions that he has been given. Some typical QRF missions are:

a. Assisting the FOB guard force with their mission.

b. Adding combat power to units conducting patrols in the FOB or in an assembly area.

c. Assisting in crowd control, convoy escort missions, or safeguarding officials.

PLAN, PREPARE, AND REHEARSE Resource requirements REDCON status and force protection status (by sqd/veh) Rehearse routes and actions at objective Building clearing techniques ROE Link up point and recall plan Communications plan (higher, unit, cue freq) Weapons control status PCC/PCIs Contingency plans Other assets available/coordinate methods of reinforcement. QRF near and far recognition signals Running pass word QRF interpreter (and availability) Brief higher Conduct at least one mounted alert and one dismounted

alert weekly. Time them to establish standard.

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CONDITIONSThe TF (or company) is executing stability operations when an event occurs that requires deployment of a Quick Reaction Force (QRF) to ensure mission is accomplished and ensure the safety of our soldiers. The TF or company has a platoon or section designated as the QRF. The QRF has dedicated transportation: trucks, infantry fighting vehicles, or rotary-wing aircraft.

STANDARDS Follow the ROE.

The QRF should be prepared to move in thirty minutes. If rotary-wing aircraft are the means of transportation, then the QRF must be in PZ posture within thirty minutes.

Before departure the current situation is briefed to all personnel.

QRF takes appropriate action at the scene to protect our soldiers’ lives and to ensure mission accomplishment IAW ROE.

QRF departs the scene with all personnel and equipment accounted for.

QRF recovers upon return to its base. Within three hours it is ready to be employed again.

SUB-TASKS

Analyze and plan the mission QRF commander analyzes operations being conducted by

the higher headquarters. QRF commander prepares contingency plans to assist any

element in his unit that could require the QRF. Task organization is situational, but the basic organization

includes the HQ, assault element, support element, and a security element. The HQ includes a medical team (or at a bare minimum, CLS) with equipment.

Ensure that the QRF is ready to execute contingency plans Rehearse mission.

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Make sure soldiers retain their personal weapons and ammunition.

Load crew-served weapons and all equipment on the vehicles, or place them on the PZ. Ensure equipment is guarded.

Setup sleeping areas in the vicinity of the vehicles or the PZ. Establish and rehearse a signal to alert the QRF.

Take appropriate actions when alerted1. Soldiers immediately move to the vehicles or the PZ.2. Leaders take personnel and equipment accountability.3. Sub-unit leaders assemble at the QRF commander’s vehicle

to receive the verbal WARNO.4. As soon as the QRF commander has his mission and

selected a course of action, he briefs his sub-unit leaders on the mission, overall plan, and commander’s intent.

5. Sub-unit leaders brief their own subordinates on the mission and plan.

6. QRF departs for the mission site no more than 10 min. after the WARNO is issued.

7. Soldiers immediately perform radio checks on internal and command freqs, and establish communication with the unit requiring assistance.

Approach final assembly area1. Ensure final assembly area is covered and concealed from

the mission site.2. Ensure weapons status red prior to departing final AA.3. If possible, establish overwatch of scene.

Actions at the scene1. Establish security.2. Linkup with local commander to evaluate local situation.3. Ensure the unit is synchronized with the local unit.4. Employ force within the provisions of the ROE to help the

local unit accomplish its mission or to evacuate the unit in contact.

5. Conduct ACE reports prior to departure.15


6. Radio ahead for additional medical assistance if necessary.7. Return to FOB.

Recover1. Repair or identify damaged equipment; resupply ammo,

rations, and medical supplies; inspect and repack personal equipment; refuel and position vehicles.

2. Injured personnel are evacuated or treated3. Damaged equipment is repaired or identified4. Ammo, rations, and medical supplies are resupplied5. Personal equipment is inspected by squad leaders and re-

packed6. Vehicles are refueled and positioned7. Radio checks are conducted8. Conduct detailed weapons and vehicle maintenance9. Conduct AAR10. Refine SOP as required.

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ESTABLISH A HASTY CHECKPOINTMISSIONYou will establish hasty checkpoints for a number of reasons. Some of the missions of the CP are:

a. Act as an OP/CP to observe and report activities in the AO.

b. Check & inspect traffic for possible terrorist or paramilitaries (e.g. truck bombs etc.)

c. Check and inspect traffic for contraband such as weapons, narcotics etc.

d. On order, block or impede traffic in either direction.

ESTABLISHING THE CHECKPOINTAfter receiving the mission for the checkpoint, the leader of the patrol should review the following requirements: Personnel Interpreter Vehicles Weapons Special ammunition (flares, smoke, grenades, illumination,

demolition, etc.) Communications equipment (radios, hand-held radios,

antenna, SOI, report formats, code words, landlines, GPS, etc.)

Observation equipment - Binoculars, etc. Barrier equipment (concertina, barrels, dragon teeth, etc.) Search equipment (mirrors, metal detection wands, etc.) Lights MEDEVAC equipment (VS17 panels, strobe lights, beanbag

lights, etc.) Night vision goggles.Report all information and intelligence requirements regularly.

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Building the Checkpoint1. Establish security2. Verify site location with higher.3. Establish overwatch to identify possible threat vehicles

before they enter the checkpoint, and position soldiers and vehicles to cover avenues of approach

4. Verify communication with higher and internal elements of checkpoint (overwatch, search teams, etc.)

5. Establish defense plan and alert procedures6. Employ signs

RUNNING THE CHECKPOINT Establish control by ensuring soldiers are clear on their

individual missions (see Responsibilities, p. Error: Referencesource not found.)

Special considerations should be made for the following:– Cars containing only one individual.– Intoxicated individuals. Do not let intoxicated

individuals continue to drink.– Females. Be cautious when females are in the

vehicle. Use metal detection wands if possible to search females. If no wands are available, then have the female hold open her coat and slowly turn around. Observe for signs of weapons. Pat down her coat pockets. It is best to employ female soldiers to execute searches of other females (if available).

– Animals in the vehicle. Be particularly suspicious of individuals who:

– Exhibit more than usual signs of nervousness (profuse sweating, etc.)

– Have clean-shaven heads or faces– Rub prayer beads– Wear excessive perfume or cologne– Wear bulging or excessive clothing.

If traffic control is not maintained, individuals waiting to come through the CP will become hostile. Possible traffic control measures include:

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– Dedicating one or more soldiers to traffic control– A bypass lane for vehicles that will not be searched– Holding area for vehicles detained for contraband– Holding area for vehicles with mechanical problems

or that have run out of fuel– Establishing a turn-around point prior to the

checkpoint.– Not allowing more vehicles into the checkpoint than

it can accommodate.

Additional considerations Specific search requirements Confiscation requirements Detainment requirements and procedures, to include holding

area

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CONDUCT A VEHICLE SEARCHMISSIONYou will conduct vehicle search for a number of reasons. Some of the missions for inspecting vehicles are:

a. Impede the flow of traffic in a direction.

b. Protect US and Allied personnel and equipment.

c. Check and inspect traffic for contraband such as weapons, narcotics etc.

GENERAL GUIDELINES Vehicles stopped prior to search must remain under

surveillance. Keep the driver from coming between the search and security elements.

Individuals must not be in the vehicle while it is being searched.

Individuals, once out of the vehicle, must be kept under non-aggressive security unless the situation calls for harsher methods.

One or more soldiers can conduct the vehicle search. Individuals must be kept well clear of the vehicle being

searched, except for the driver, who opens doors, glove compartment, hood, and trunk for the search team.

Stay towards the open side of the door so you can see the inside of the vehicle when it is first opened.

The driver must back away from the vehicle after he/she opens each door and compartment.

The soldier searching the vehicle closes vehicle doors.

CONDUCTING THE SEARCHVehicle searches must methodically include the following areas. (For larger vehicle(s) with multiple axles and dual rear wheel, pay particular attention to areas along length of the axle and between the dual wheels.

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Vehicle Interior Sun visors Under seats Seat backs Beneath floor mats Door pockets Under dash board In glove box Potential hiding pockets in ceiling/padded roof Battery box Any cargo area

Cargo compartments or vehicle trunks False doors or other potential hiding place areas, e.g., in

spare tire well Inspect cargo, and all personal baggage or suspicious items.

Questions pertaining to search within containers should be brought to the attention of the OIC/NCOIC.

Use the driver to open everything while you observe. Make driver open the hood. Look for booby traps, and check

all areas from the top to bottom. The air breather is an area that requires special attention.

Vehicle exterior (use the following sequence): Left front fender well and behind the wheel under the front

bumper and behind the grill Right fender well and behind the wheel Underneath right side of body, back to and including right

rear fender well, and behind wheel Under and behind rear bumper Left rear fender well and behind wheel Underneath the left side of body, back to left front fender well

(use an improvised mirror or one provided for under vehicles)

Top of vehicle, to include luggage carriers

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CONDUCT A PERSONNEL SEARCHMISSIONYou will conduct personnel searches for a number of reasons. Your unit will normally execute the search as part of a mission to conduct a HCP or while on FOB Security. Some of the missions for inspecting personnel are:

a. Protect against theft of supplies.

b. Protect personnel and equipment.

c. Check and inspect personnel for contraband such as weapons, narcotics etc.

RESPONSIBILITIES OIC/NCOIC: The critical link to your squad’s success. This

individual is responsible for all activity of the search team. Greeter: The most important position that the leader must

resource. This soldier checks for identification, and lets all personnel desiring passage through the checkpoint know that they will be searched.

Searcher: The soldier who actually performs the search. Because this soldier has the closest contact with the individual being searched, this soldier is in the highest risk position.

Demonstrator: This soldier has the responsibility for demonstrating exactly what we need the individual being searched to do. As you will probably not be able to speak the language of the searched individual, you must be able to non-verbally communicate what they must do (if an interpreter is not present).

Interpreter: Responsible for translating the directions of the searcher or demonstrator. When using an interpreter, ensure soldiers maintain eye contact with the individual being searched.

Security: At least two soldiers are required for security: at a minimum, one for the greeter and one for the searcher. Their mission is to keep eyes on the individual(s) who are in contact with the greeter and searcher. These soldiers

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should not be considered part of the overall checkpoint’s security or overwatch elements.

Observer: This soldier has the mission of watching the searcher and demonstrator perform their task, in contrast to the security personnel, who monitor the individuals being searched.

Additionally, a soldier needs to be responsible for maintaining a checkpoint log and manning the radio. Depending on flow of traffic through the checkpoint, leaders may decide to dedicate a specific soldier to these duties, or assign them to the observer.

CONDUCTING THE PERSONNEL SEARCH

Procedures that you will follow If you find contraband on an individual, detain them and

report to higher. If an individual refuses search, detain him. Conduct the

search, and report to higher. Avoid opposite sex search. If you do not have a female

assigned to your squad, use a non-contact search (see below).

Search all bags outside the checkpoint close to the UXO pit. Have the individual who brought the bag search the bag as you observe.

Contact Search 1. Have individual stand with legs shoulder width apart, arms

out parallel to the ground. 2. Check all outer garments, one at a time3. Check arms using a rubbing motion4. Check back from upper to lower without patting5. Move hands to front, check from collarbone over chest to

waistline. 6. Have individual loosen belt, hook fingers inside waistline,

and sweep inside of waistline front to back.7. Use back of hand to sweep down the zipper-line.8. Check legs from top of thigh to top of shoe.9. Unlace shoe and sweep fingers around top of shoe

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Non-Contact Search (for Opposite Sex searches)1. Have individual stand with legs shoulder width apart, arms

out parallel to the ground.2. Have individual tighten clothing arm by arm 3. Have individual pull excess clothing around chest tight

around chest, then pull clothing forward.4. Have individual sweep back of hand through cleavage and

under breasts.5. Have individual loosen belt and sweep fingers through

beltline front to back.6. Individual uses back of hand to sweep down zipper line.7. Individual searches legs.8. Individual loosens shoes and sweeps fingers through top of

shoes.

Wand (metal detecting) Search1. Have individual stand with legs shoulder width apart, arms

out parallel to the ground.2. Run wand across the back of the individual from one hand to

the other.3. From the back, run the wand up one leg to the back of the

head and then down to the other leg, forming a lower case “n”.

4. From the front, run the wand up one leg to the back of the head and then down to the other leg, forming a lower case “n”.

5. Any time the wand senses metal, inspect the area. If it is a pocket, have the individual empty the pocket.

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CONDUCT GUARD AND FOB SECURITYPURPOSETo provide standard operating procedures and reporting procedures for incidents / events that may occur at gates, towers, or on patrols.

MISSIONYou will have the mission to secure your FOB by guarding gates, manning towers, and conduction roving patrols. Your battalion TOC will coordinate all security related efforts on base. You must deal quickly and efficiently with any possible contingency or threat. Quick, accurate reporting is essential.

GUARD MOUNT PROCEDURES1. Conduct roll call per unit SOP.2. Announce the given force protection level and what actions

that status requires. Ensure each soldier has the proper uniform for the force protection level to include water. Check for serviceability and cleanliness of all uniform/equipment.

3. Assign soldiers to a gate guard tower/patrol team. Ensure they know guard tower/patrol team call sign/designation.

4. Brief all soldiers on:a) General Ordersb) Special Ordersc) ROEd) CCIR

5. Immediate action drills fora) Actions on contactb) Penetration of the FOBc) React to UXO

6. How to contact interpreters.7. Intelligence update: Relay any specific noteworthy events

that soldiers need to be aware of. The SOG sees S-2 for 25


current situation and any changes to intelligence focus and instructions prior to guard mount.

REPORTINGReport incidents or activity to TOC at via FM, Handheld radio, or MSE. Report completely as possible per below: SIZE ACTIVITY LOCATION UNIT/UNIFORM TIME EQUIPMENT ACTION TAKEN

FLASH REPORTSExamples of incidents or activities that require immediate reporting to your TOC: UXO/mines/unauthorized weapons People observing/taking pictures Civilians bringing ammunition or mines to gate or OPs Civilians requesting medical help Civilian demonstration Riots Suspicious vehicles Tripped flares Any suspicious activity of any nature Undisciplined weapons firings Infiltration / breaks in the perimeter wire Any suspicious packages / boxes Children seeking protection Suicide attacks

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR GATE GUARDAll personnel entering gates will be checked for proper authorization. All authorized local national workers will be

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searched and then given an ID in exchange for their civilian ID cards. Persons must meet the following to have access:

Allied soldiersSoldier must possess a valid military Allied ID card. If soldier has lost ID card, obtain unit and standard name line. Notify higher. TOC will inform that soldier’s chain of command to do a positive identification check. Soldier must be in compliance with the current force protection status to depart the FOB (exceptions will be listed on Access Roster in Guard book).

Special Status Personnel / ExceptionsThe following categories of personnel are authorized access and fall under particular force protection guidelines. You will always search vehicles entering the FOB that are not from your unit. This includes special status personnel’s vehicles. Non Governmental Organizations, Contractors, and

similar personnel are admitted ONLY if they are listed on the Personnel Access Roster, or possess a Vehicle & Personnel Access Card.

VIP and Iraqi National visits will be announced daily to the guard posts on the visitor lists. SOGs call S2 for daily updates and clarification if visitors are not on the list.

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CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONVOY ESCORTMISSIONYou can expect to get the mission to conduct a convoy escort for a number of reasons. Some operations requiring convoy escort are:

a. Escort of WMD exploitation teams

b. Provide security to an official

c. Security to a logistical convoy.

Task organize no lower than the section level so you have mutual support for the section and the escorted convoy. Report to the leaders of the convoy and discuss the mission, route, and actions on contact.

GENERAL Recon the route prior to the escort mission. Be alert for

– Potential ambush sites– Places where you could take a wrong turn– Places where stopping vehicles would impede traffic– Places where escort vehicles would lose freedom to

maneuver Designate a forward security element, moving a minimum of

2000m ahead of the convoy, to identify and eliminate threats along the route. Have the lead element make hasty bypasses along the route.

Designate an assault team to move forward and attack enemy encountered along the route.

Designate security teams integrated from the convoy and the escort personnel to provide security during contact.

Position vehicles to support one another. Position crew served weapons so they provide long range/cover fire. Do not leave a “slick” (vehicle without a crew serve weapon) unattended.

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Maintain your interval. Do not allow outside vehicles to intermingle with your convoy.

Place the escorted vehicles in center of the convoy and overwatch.

Ensure contingency plan is in place to react to hostiles attempting to interfere with escorted vehicle.

Dismount security when required for escorted vehicle personnel (designated team) and maintain crew served weapons to cover buildings and the surrounding area.

Plan fires to cover the route. Find out the availability of rotary or fixed wing support.

Ensure that each truck carries hand held smoke to provide immediate concealment upon displacement.

Be particularly aware of the three-dimensional nature of threats presented in urban terrain.

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ACTIONS WHEN ENCOUNTERING MINES OR UXOMISSIONWhile conducting operations you may discover mines or UXO. The local population may identify them to you, or even bring them to you for disposal. Consider mines and UXO when conducting mission analysis and risk assessments. It is critical that leaders:

a. Safeguard soldiers and civilians

b. Alert higher so the proper disposal support is made available

ENCOUNTERING MINES OR UXO Immediately act to reduce soldier risk. Minimize the number

of soldiers in the immediate area. Those who must remain should if possible seek cover of bunkers, fighting positions, or armored vehicles.

Turned in UXOs should be placed in an approved dud pit. If there is no approved dud pit, have them placed in the farthest position from your soldiers in which they are still observable.

UXOs discovered during a mission should not be disturbed. Mark with engineer tape or any non-metallic marking device, and limit vehicle and pedestrian traffic near the UXO by establishing hasty checkpoints.

Treat mines discovered during a mission in the same manner as UXOs, but first evaluate immediate surrounding area for snipers, possible ambushes, booby traps, and other threats. Be particularly alert for:

– Out of place items.– Freshly dug mounds of earth or depressions.– Improvised marking systems:– Rocks stacked in a pile– Areas contained with expedient barricades– Two sticks laid in an X.

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– Tape tied to poles, sticks, and trees.– Residue from mine crates.– Minefield signs and barbed wire.– Areas avoided by adult civilian populace.– Blast craters.

If you discover mines or UXO:1. Determine where you are.2. Bypass the area by returning the way you came.3. Report as completely as possible to higher using the UXO

nine line spot report. Request guidance and permission from higher headquarters to continue mission.

REPORT FORMATLINE 1: DTG

LINE 2: Location (verified w GPS)

LINE 3: Follow-up contact method (radio freq/call sign, telephone number, grid coordinate, etc.)

LINE 4: Type of munitions (dropped, projected, placed, or thrown)

LINE 5: NBC contamination, if any

LINE 6: Resources threatened

LINE 7: Impact on mission

LINE 8: Protective measures taken

LINE 9: Recommended priority (Immediate, indirect, minor, or no threat)

PROBE FOR MINESIf the situation permits, probe for mines using the following procedures.1. Probe using non-metallic material. Only use metallic items

as a last resort.

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G6, 01/03/-1,


2. Remove all jewelry and dog tags and put in pockets. Roll up sleeves.

3. Hold the probe cradle in the hand, applying only enough pressure to control the probe. The probe should be able to slip through the hand if it hits something solid.

4. Hold the probe at a 30° angle so that the probe will not hit or slide over the top of the mine and detonate it.

5. Penetrate soil to a vertical depth of 3 inches.6. Probe every 1½ inches to a path 1-meter wide. Once

finished, move 1½ inches forward and probe. Continue until probing is complete.

7. Probe a 1-meter forward of position to ground gear. Once complete, ground all gear except for Kevlar helmet (buckled) and flak vest. If wearing jacket and/or gloves, remove them.

8. Continue to probe forward. When a large enough area is probed, assume a prone position to continue probing out of the minefield.

9. If a solid object is encountered:a) Stop probing.b) Move enough dirt away from the object to identify the

side of the object.c) Do not attempt to dig up the object.d) Once identified as a mine, use improvised marking

system to mark.e) Continue probing to by-pass the mine. When selecting

where to mark the mine and which way to go around it, be consistent. Do not mark to the left side one time and right side the next. Never mark on top of the mine.

10. Stay aware of tripwires and booby traps.

CONDUCT SELF/UNIT EXTRACTION FROM MINEFIELD1. As soon as you realize you are in a minefield, freeze.2. Turn off radios and cellular phones.3. If you are in a vehicle and it strikes a mine:

a) If there are no injuries, or injuries are minor and vehicle is not in danger of burning or exploding, stay in vehicle until help arrives.

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b) If you need to get out, go over the back of the vehicle and move through the tire/track marks of your vehicle to safety. Do this only under emergency situations.

4. If a vehicle in your convoy strikes a mine:a) All other vehicles in the convoy stop immediately.b) If personnel in the damaged vehicle need immediate

help, move through the vehicle's footprint and climb over the rear of the vehicle.

c) If personnel need to be evacuated from the vehicle and time is available, probe the footprint out to a 1-meter width prior to evacuation.

5. Designate the route out of the minefield. If possible, exit by the route you entered on.

6. Identify casualty (if there is one) as the start point. If there are no casualties, identify a specific point as the start point.

7. Identify a safe area for CASEVAC.8. Mark route using handrail on right side of mines.9. Send initial report to higher.10. Probe extraction route.

a) All personnel probe.b) Probe a space 1-meter forward.c) Ground gear.d) Bring gear to the route behind you and leave it just off

the route.11. Personnel move to and evacuate casualty (if there is one).

a) Minimum of 2 personnel to control casualty. Use no more than is necessary.

b) Probe a 1-meter wide path to casualty.c) Probe a 1-meter zone around casualty.d) Conduct only enough first aid on casualty to keep

him/her alive until they are evacuated to CASEVAC site.e) Move casualty down probed route to CASEVAC site.

12. Personnel move out of minefield or into safe area.13. All personnel not involved in evacuating casualty probe out

of minefield along route.

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14. Call MEDEVAC if necessary. If using radio or cellular phone, ensure radio is at least 150 meters from minefield before using.

15. Maintain some personnel on-site (outside minefield) to assist, recover gear, etc.

16. If a helicopter needs to conduct an emergency landing:a) Select a concrete or asphalt road if possible to land on.b) Be aware that the over-pressurization from rotor wash

can detonate AP mines.17. Send formatted minefield report.

DETECT TRIPWIRE/BOOBY TRAPPED MINE

Visually check for booby trapsUnusual markings near minefield Wires Trails running to mines (grass, leaves, rocks, etc.) Unusual placement or cant to mines Trash near mines concealing other explosive devices

Blade of grass method1. Holding a long blade of grass or other similar flexible

material between fingertips, run grass up and down in front of you. Grass must clear the height of the tallest person or piece of equipment.

2. Once complete, run the blade of grass back and forth to the width required to pass through the area (minimum 1 meter).

3. If grass snags on object, immediately stop and investigate.4. If tripwire is detected, mark and bypass.5. DO NOT mark on the tripwire.6. DO NOT climb over, underneath, or through the tripwire.

Bypass and avoid the threat.

Use hand1. Use the back of the hand. The back of the hand is more

sensitive.2. Utilize the same sweeping motions as with blades of grass.

BE CAREFUL not to pull wire.34


Use “fishing pole”1. Construct “fishing pole” using stick or weapon.2. Tie long string to one end. String should be long enough that

the pole may be held six inches higher than the tallest person or piece of equipment and the string will drag just above the ground.

3. Use plastic or wood to weight the string so it will hang straight.

4. Walk forward with string in front. Weight should just skim the ground but not drag it. Ensure to clear a 1-meter wide path.

5. If string snags or stops forward movement:6. Stop all forward movement.

a) Investigate.b) Mark and bypass any tripwires.

Use grappling hook1. Least preferred method because grappling hooks will

detonate mines or explosives hooked to tripwires.2. Throw grappling hook and assume a prone position behind

cover.3. Slowly pull hook back.4. Continue until path is clear.

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DEALING WITH THE PRESSMISSIONYou are deployed as part of a national mission. The goals, strategy, progress, and scope of that mission are of interest to not only our citizens and media, but also others with a stake in the region. You represent your unit and nation and can expect that members of the press will have interest in your operations.

PREPARING TO MEET THE MEDIAWhat you do before you meet the media is as important as what you do when you meet them. Often, the preparatory activities will determine the success or failure of your media interview. By being prepared, you’ll not only be more confident and comfortable, but you’ll also be able to get your story across to the audience.

Some preparatory suggestions Find out who the reporter is and why you were asked for the

interview. Establish the ground rules and how much time for the

interview. Anticipate the questions and think through the responses. Do your homework. Make sure that you're up-to-date on

your unit’s status and mission. Know the key points you want to make. You might want to

type them on a card and put the card in a permanent place on your person. Before the interview, review them often.

Don’t try to memorize a statement. You’ll come across as stiff.

Question your own position. Wargame the answers. Read the papers and listen to the TV and radio news before

your interview in case late-breaking news affects your command or your position.

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ACTIONS DURING THE INTERVIEW In stand-up interviews, stand straight. Don’t lean into the

microphone and don’t rock back and forth. Hands should be relaxed and at your sides at the beginning

of interviews. If sitting, sit with the base of your spine back on the chair

and lean slightly forward. Warmth, friendliness and sincerity are important to the

interview. Key tools are smiles, gestures and pauses, at appropriate times. But don’t smile at serious matters or out of discomfort.

Concentrate on the interview – listen! Avoid looking around the area.

Don’t take the questioner’s attitude, even on hostile questions.

Keep your head up. The audience must see your eyes. Look at the interviewer when responding to questions. Don’t

look at the camera. If you have a real physical reason for preferring on profile or

side, such as a hearing problem, make this known to the interviewer and the program staff and insist it should be resolved in your favor.

Be yourself. Concentrate on HOW to get ideas across – not just words.

GENERAL You don’t have to talk to the press if you don’t feel

comfortable, but remember that accurately explaining what your unit is doing helps tell your story.

If the press individual doesn’t have a PAO escort ask to see his/her press credential card. If the individual does not have the proper credentials, don’t talk to him/her and contact higher for guidance.

Before beginning the interview pause, collect your thoughts, remind yourself of the ground rules, and remember that there is no such thing as “off the record”. Tell the truth.

Set the ground rules with the reporter. Tell him you can talk about what your unit does, and its mission, minus details that compromise OPSEC. Remind him not to ask you to

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speculate about the future or answer questions outside your area of responsibility. (Stay in your lane).

Listen to each question carefully and collect your thoughts before answering. If the question violates the ground rules don’t answer it and remind the reporter why you won’t.

Remain friendly, and keep your answers short, direct, and without Army jargon.

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USEFUL PHRASES IN IRAQI DIALECT ARABICExtracted from DFL Iraqi Basic Survival Guide, February 2003

COMMANDS, WARNINGS, AND INSTRUCTIONSstop qifstop or I will shoot qif te-ra ar-meekfollow our orders et-baa a-wam-ur-nadon’t shoot le-termeeput your weapon down ermee sila-hekmove it-har-akcome here taal ihnafollow me itba’neestay here ebqa ihnawait here in-ta-dher inhado not move la tet-har-rakstay where you are ibqa ib-meka-nekcome with me taal wi-ya-ehtake me to... wad-dee-nee lil...be quiet us-kutslow down ala kaifakmove slowly it-har-rak bi-bu-tu’hands up irfaa e-deklower your hands nez-zel e-deklie down it-med-dedlie on your stomach itmed-ded aala bat-nakget up guomsurrender is-tes-lemyou are a prisoner inta a-seerwe must search you lazem in-fet-shekturn around in-dar39


walk forward im-shi li-gid-damform a line shek-kel khutone at a time wahid wahidno talking bi-dunn ke-lamdo not resist lat-qa-wimcalm down ih-de’give me in-te-needo not touch la tel-zemdo not remove let-haw-welkeep away ib-taa-idlet us pass khal-lena inmurdon’t be frightened let-khaffyou can leave tig-der terruhgo ruuhgo home ruuh lil-betopen ef-tahclose sidbeware ih-dherbring me geeb-leedistribute waz-zeaafill im-lilift ir-faapour into deer bil...put hutTake care, load uh-khudhunload ham-milhelp me sa-id-neeshow me war-ree-neetell me gul-lee

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HELPFUL WORDS, PHRASES, AND QUESTIONSplease fadlthank you shuk-rancan someone assist us yeg-der ah-had i-saa-id-naokay zeinexcuse me/I’m sorry el-aaffuu/ani mut-as-sifyes e/naamno laamaybe yem-kinright sa-he-hwrong ghal-lathere ih-nathere ih-nakI want a-reedI do not want ma a-reeddanger kha-tarwe are here to help you ih-ne ih-na hat-ta in-saa-dekhelp is on the way al-mu-saa-da bil-tareeqwe are Americans ih-na am-ri-kanyou will not be harmed ma-rah in-‘athe-kumyou are safe in-tu bi-‘amanokay, no problem zein, makuu mush-kilawho? mi-nuuwhat? shi-nuuwhen? ish-wakitwhere? weinwhy? leishhow? shlounwhat happened? ish-sardo you have...? ‘aadn-kumdo you need help? tah-haj-uun mu-saa-daI am a-nee

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you are in-tahe/she is huu-wa/hee-yahwe are eh-nathey are hum-ma

INTERROGATIONdo you speak English? taraaf tah-chy in-glee-zeeI do not speak Arabic a-nee ma-aar-af ah-chy

ara-beewhat is your name? shis-mekwhat is your birthday? shi-nuu ta-reekh mi-la-dekwhere were you born? wein mau-luudwhat is your rank? shi-nu hi-yah rut-bat-ekwhat is your nationality? shi-nau jin-seeya-tekdo you have any identification papers?

‘aand-ek hu-wai-yah

do you have a passport? ‘aand-ek jo-az sef-arwhat is your job? shi-nuu shu-gha-lekwho is in charge? min-uu el-mas-‘uulwhere do you serve? wein takh-demwhich group are you in? in-ta ib-‘ay maj-muu-aahanswer the question ja-wib aalal-‘as-‘ilahwhere are you from? min wain in-tado you understand? de-tif-te-himI don’t understand a-nee meda af-te-himhow much? ish-gedhow many? kem wa-hedrepeat it? kar-rerwhere is...? wein el...what direction? ib-yah it-tijahis it far? baa-ee-dehare there armed men near here? aku mu-sela-heen ih-nan-

ehwhere did they go? wain ra-how

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what weapon? shin-hee-eh al-‘as-li-haspeak slowly ah-chee aal-kee-fekwhere is your unit? wein wahed-tekwhere did you see them? wein shuuf-te-himwhere is your family? wein ah-lek

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IF Stability Opns Handbook - Tripod.comredleg258fa.tripod.com/handbook.doc · Web viewM249: bolt is pulled ... Running pass word. QRF interpreter ... IF Stability Opns Handbook