II- Airport Capacity. - UniMasr.com€¦ · Airport Engineering Lectures 2010-2011 Dr. Eng. Omar Osman 1 Airport Capacity II-Airport Capacity. II-1 Definitions System capacity: Ability

Airport Engineering Lectures 2010-2011

Dr. Eng. Omar Osman 1

Airport Capacity

II- Airport Capacity.

II-1 DefinitionsSystem capacity: Ability efficiently process the transported units.

Aircrafts Passengers

Baggage cargoPublic access facilitation

•Runway Capacity

•Taxiway Capacity

•Gate Capacity

•Terminal Building Capacity

•Car parking Capacity

Balanced Design

b- Factors affecting R/W Capacity

1. Environmental Factors:

• Visibility: In poor visibility, longer separation & R/W occupancy time also under marginal crosswinds R/W will not be used.

VFR vs. IFR Ceiling <= 1000 ft &OR Visibility <= 3 miles

• Runway Surface Condition: In wet/slippery R/W: longer deceleration & R/W occupancy time. In case of snow, the R/W should be closed.

• Winds: Strong Cross/tail Winds.

• Noise Abatement Requirements: Use could be restricted for some R/Ws during

certain periods of the day.



2. ATC Factors:

• Regulations for min VL, HL & lateral separation (Operation Safety)• Arrival – Arrival

• Arrival – Departure

• Departure – Arrival

• Departure – Departure

2~5 nautical mile depending on ACFT size (2 Arrivals)

2 nautical mile between Departure and following Arrival T3.1

Example:

Landing speed= 165 mph

Min Separation= 3 nmi = 3*6076=18228 ft = 18228/(165*5280/3600) = 75 sec.

R/W Occupancy time = 25 sec.

• Sequencing ( FIFO, Speed-Class, Size,….)

60~120 sec. depending on ACFT Size.

3. Demand Characteristics:

• AC Size, Speed, Maneuverability, Braking Distance, and Pilot Technique

• Vortex

• Approach Speed

• Fast Approach -150 knot for Heavy ACFT-100 knot for Small ACFT

• Slow Approach

• Landing time

• R/W Occupancy Time

• Landing time(Touchdown Speed)

• Touch-and-go operations (landing then T/O without complete stop)

= 2 operations one AC doing touch & go, can produce 16 mov./hr

-i.e. 1 T/O, 14 T&G, 1L

-Seldom under IFR Conditions

• % Arrivals (% Arrival + % Departure = 100%)

• AC mix A,B,C,D Mix Index= %C+3%DT3-2



4. Design Factors

• R/Ws number, Spacing, Length, Orientation & Configuration1. Single2. Parallel3. Open ”V”4. Intersecting

F3-1

• T/Ws number, Locations and Exit Design

• Ramp Entrances

• Runway Use Strategy (Mixed mode vs. Segregated)TO & landing TO or Landing

Runway Configuration



C- Capacity and Delay

Peake

d Sch

dl

Modera

tlySch

dl

Uniform Schdl

Avg. AC Delay (min)

Demand / Capacity Ratio

AcceptableDelay Level(1~4 min)

Avg. Delay/AC

Demand (op/hr)

Ulti

mat

e C

apac

ity

Practical Capacity (op/hr)

* Operation at Ultimate capacity Increase Delay Reduce Airport Competitively (Low LOS)

* Demand should not be more than practical capacity for so long (e.g. 30hrs/yr)

VFRIFR

Avg. Delay/AC

Peak Demand(op/hr)

d- Capacity Determination

1. Preliminary R/W Capacity- for Planning Purposes- for Comparing Airports- Airport Appraisal - Comparing Passenger Demand with capacity (evaluation)

See Table 3.3 (Config., MI, VFR/IFR) Hourly & Annual capacity (considering delay)

ASV

Check demand < ASV

(otherwise too much delay & low LOS)



Preliminary

Runway

Capacity

- % Arrivals = % Departure

- Enough T/W Capacity

- Touch & Go 0~5%

Preliminary

Runway

Capacity

- % Arrivals = % Departure

- Enough T/W Capacity

- Touch & Go 0~5%



d- Capacity Determination

2. Ultimate Capacity (Airport Capacity Handbook, FAA 62 Charts –Doesn't consider delay)

C=Cb * E * T

-for Operation Control (ATC)-for Evaluation of Operation Techniques

capacity Basic Capacity

Exit adj.

factor

Touch &go adj. factor

3. Queuing Theory and Space-Time Concept

Ultimate

Capacity



Ultimate

Capacity

Ultimate

Capacity



Apron Gate Services (Typical Ground Equipment Service Layout)

Apron Gate Services



Apron Gate Services (Gate Occupancy Time)

II-3 Apron Gate Capacity

For all aircraft class i than can use

only gate type k or bigger

airport.for capacity Gate

k. typegateby limitedcapacity Gatemix.aircraft in i classaircraft of %

i. classaircraft for timeoccupancy gate Avg.k. typegatefor factor n utilizatio Gate

bigger.or k typeof gates ofNumber :

2)(min

.60..

=

==

===

×==

×⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡≥

≥

∑

g

gK

i

gi

K

K

ggKg

gKi

igiKK

C

Cm

TN

Where

CCCand

CmTN

DemandTimeGateSupplyTimeGate

µ

µ t



II-4 Taxiway Capacity

II-5 Terminal Building Considerations

• Runway configuration & TB location See fig 3.6

• Shortest taxiing distance (both L & T/O)

• Gate taxiing & TB concepts See fig 4.12

• a-Linear b-Pier (Finger)

• c-Satellite d-Transporter

• e-Combination of concepts.

• Usually runway capacity is more critical.



Runway configuration & TB location

Gate Types



Gate Types

Documents

II- Airport Capacity. - UniMasr.com€¦ · Airport Engineering Lectures 2010-2011 Dr. Eng. Omar Osman 1 Airport Capacity II-Airport Capacity. II-1 Definitions System capacity: Ability