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fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug;gj;jpuk; (rhjhuz juk;)

El;gf;fiyfs;

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(2016Mk; Mz;L Kjy; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;FupaJ)

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www.nie.lk

ii

El;gf;fiyfs;

juk; 11

Mrpupau; topfhl;b

Kjw; gjpg;G - 2015

© Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

ISBN


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Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

kùfk

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,izak; www.nie.lkkpd;dQ;ry; [email protected]

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Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

iii

gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jp

,yq;ifapd; ,ilepiyf; fy;tpapy; Gjpa Nju;r;rp ikag; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kjw; fl;lk;2007 Mk; Mz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vl;L Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiw Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;fiyj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; %yk; ,J mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Njrpa kl;lj; Nju;r;rpfismgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;fpd; mbg;gilapy; Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FOtpd;tpjg;GiufSf;fika mg;NghJ eilKiwapypUe;j cs;slf;fk; rhu;e;j fy;tp Kiwik,jd; %yk; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;lJ.

Nju;r;rp ikaf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;l kWrPuikg;ghdJ 2016Mk; Mz;bypUe;Jjuk; 7> 11 Mfpa tFg;Gf;fSf;F mKy;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ. ,e; Nehf;fj;ij milAk;nghUl;Lj; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Ma;it mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l NgWfisAk;Mu;tyu;fSila gy;NtW MNyhridfisAk; gyjug;gl;ltu;fsplkpUe;Jk;ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. mtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; epahag;gLj;jg;gl;lnjhU nrad;KiwiamwpKfg;gLj;jpaJld; mjw;fikthd ghlj;jpl;lq;fisAk; Nkw;gb juq;fSf;fhf tpUj;jpnra;;Js;sJ.

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Mrpupau;fSf;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;fTk; ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkplTk; fw;gpf;fTk;nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;fTk; mstPL kw;Wk; kjpg;gPLfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; cjTKfkhfMrpupau; topfhl;bapw; Gjpa tbtikg;G mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;topfhl;ly;fs;Mrpupau;fs; tFg;giwapy; Nkd;NkYk; cw;gj;jpj; jpwDs;sJk; tpisjpwd; kpf;fJkhdtifapy; Jyq;Ftjw;F cjTk;.

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gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

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iv

gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jp

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Nghd;W njhopy;El;gf; fUtpfspd; ghtid kw;Wk; mwpTj; Njhw;wq;fs; njhlu;ghfTk;

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,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;fika Njrpa fy;tp epWtfKk; 2015 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fupa fy;tp

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topfhl;bia xg;gilg;gjpy; ngUkfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

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mjd; %yk; rpwe;j gq;fspg;igg; ngw;Wj; juKbAk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifahFk;.

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KOikahd Rje;juKz;L.

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vk;. Mu;. vk; gh`pk;> ntypfk K];ypk; Muk;g ghlrhiy.

vi

Mrpupa topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

Mrpupau;fs; tFg;giwf;Fr; nry;y Kd;du; ghlj;Jf;F Maj;jkhjy; kw;Wk;

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jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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mikANkad;wp ,jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l tplaq;fis mt;thNw gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vDk;

nghUs;glhJ. Mf;fj;jpwd; nfhz;l Mrpupau;fs; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

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Rje;jpuk; MrpupaUf;Fs;sJ.

vii

nghUslf;fk;

gf;f vz;

• gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp iii

• gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp iv

• fiyj;jpl;lf; FO v

• Mrpupau; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy; vi

• nghUslf;fk;. vii

1.0 mwpKfk; viii

2.0 Njrpa nghJ ,yf;Ffs; ix

3.0 mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs; x-xi

4.0 ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; xii

5.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk; xiii

6.0 jtizg; guPl;irfs; xiv

7.0 ghlj;jpl;lk; xv-xx

• fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;bw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;; 01-40

• nrad;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs; gl;bay;. 41

viii

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ix

2.0 Njrpa nghJ ,yf;Ffs;

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%yKk; Njrj;ijf; fl;b vOg;GjYk; ,yq;ifau; vDk; milahsj;ij

Vw;gLj;jYk;.

II. khw;wKWk; cyfj;jpd; rthy;fSf;Fj; jf;fthW Kfq;nfhLj;jNyhL> Njrpa

ghuk;gupaj;jpd; mjp rpwe;j mk;rq;fis mq;fPfupj;jYk; NgZjYk;.

III. kdpj cupikfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;> flikfs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T>

xUtu; kPJ xUtu; nfhz;Ls;s Mo;e;j> ,ilawhj mf;fiwAzu;T vd;gtw;iw

Nkk;gLj;Jk; r%f ePjpAk; [dehaf tho;f;ifKiw epakq;fSk; cs;slq;fpa

Rw;whliy cUthf;FjYk; Mjupj;jYk;.

IV. xUtuJ cs> cly; eyidAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspg;gij

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l epiyNgWila tho;f;iff; Nfhyj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;jy;

V. ed;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l rkepiy MSikf;Fupa Mf;fr; rpe;jid> jw;WzpG>

Ma;e;J rpe;jpj;jy;> nghWg;G> tif$wy; kw;Wk; cld;ghlhd mk;rq;fis

tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

VI. jdpeguJk; Njrj;jpdJk; tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; Ngh~pf;ff; $baJk; ,yq;ifapd;

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspf;ff; $baJkhd Mf;fg; gzpfSf;fhd

fy;tpA+l;Ltjd; %yk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jy;

VII. jdpegu;fspd; khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g> ,zq;fp thoTk; khw;wj;ij Kfhik nra;aTk;

jahu;gLj;jTk; tpiuthf khwptUk; cyfpy; rpf;fyhdJk;> vjpu;ghuhjJkhd

epiyikfisr; rkhspf;Fk; jifikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

VIII. ePjp> rkj;Jtk;> gu];gu kupahij vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> ru;tNjr

rKjhaj;jpy; nfsutkhdNjhu; ,lj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fg; gq;fspf;ff;$ba

kdg;ghq;FfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; tsu;j;jy;.

x

3.0 mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs;

fy;tpapD}lhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; gpd;tUk; mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs; Nkw;Fwpj;j Njrpa

,yf;Ffis miltjw;F toptFf;Fk;.

I. njhlu;ghly; Nju;r;rpfs;

njhlu;ghly; gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs; ehd;F Jizj; njhFjpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit.

vOj;jwpT> vz;zwpT> rpj;jpu mwpT> jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik.

vOj;jwpT: ftdkhfr; nrtpkLj;jy;> njspthfg; NgRjy;> fUj;jwpa

thrpj;jy;> rupahfTk; nrk;ikahfTk; vOJjy;> gad;jUk;

tifapyhd fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;

vz;zwpT: nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk; vd;gtw;Wf;F vz;fisg;

gad;gLj;jy;> vz;Zjy;> fzpj;jy;> xOq;F Kiwahf

msj;jy;

rpj;jpu mwpT: NfhL> cUtk; vd;gtw;wpd; fUj;ij mwpjy;. tpguq;fs;>

mwpTWj;jy;fs;> vz;zq;fs; Mfpatw;iw NfhL> cUtk;>

tu;zk; vd;gtw;why; ntspg;gLj;jYk; gjpT nra;jYk;

jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik: fzpdp mwpT - fw;wypy;> njhopy; Rw;whlypy;> nrhe;j

tho;tpy; jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gq;fisg; (ICT)

gad;gLj;jy;

II. MSik tpUj;jp njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;

- Mf;fk;> tpupe;j rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> jPu;khdk; vLj;jy;> gpur;rpid tpLtpj;jy;> EZf;fkhd

kw;Wk; gFg;gha;Tr; rpe;jid> mzpapduhfg; gzp nra;jy;> jdpahs; ,iltpidj;

njhlu;Gfs;> fz;Lgpbj;jYk; fz;lwpjYk; Kjyhd jpwikfs;.

- Neu;ik> rfpg;Gj; jd;ik> kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; Mfpa tpOkpaq;fs;.

- kd vOr;rpfs;> Ez;zwpT.

III. #oy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;

,j;Nju;r;rpfs; #oNyhL njhlu;GWfpd;wd - r%fk;> capupay;> ngsjpfk;

r%fr; #oy;: Njrpa ghuk;gupak; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T> gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd;

mq;fj;jtu;fs; vd;w tifapy; njhlu;GWk; Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk;>

gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLk; ePjp> r%fj; njhlu;Gfs;> jdpegu; elj;ijfs;>

nghJthdJk; rl;lG+u;tkhdJkhd rk;gpujhaq;fs;> cupikfs;>

nghWg;Gf;fs;> flikfs;> flg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpy; mf;fiwAk;

capupay; #oy;: thOk; cyF> kf;fs;> capupay; #oy; njhFjp - kuq;fs;> fhLfs;>

fly;> ePu;> tsp> capupd jhtuk;> tpyq;F> kdpj tho;T Mfpatw;Wld;

xi

nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;G gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;Tk;> Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk;

fw;wYf;Fk; Ntiy nra;tjw;Fk; tho;tjw;Fk; fUtpfisAk;

njho pDl ;gq ;fisAk ; gad ;gLj ;Jk ; j pwd ;fSk ; ,q ;F

cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

ngsjpfr; #oy;: ,lk;> rf;jp> vupnghUs;> rlg;nghUs;> nghUs;fs; gw;wpAk; mit

kdpj tho;f;if> czT> cil> ciwAs;> Rfhjhuk;> nrsfupak;>

Rthrk;> epj;jpiu> ,isg;ghWjy;> Xa;T> fopTfs;> capupd fopTg;

nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;G gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;Tk;

Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk; fw;wYf;Fk; Ntiy nra;tjw;Fk;

tho;tjw;Fk; fUtpfisAk; njhopDl;gq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jk;

jpwd;fSk; ,q;F cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

IV. Ntiy cyfj;jpw;Fj; jahu; nra;jy; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;.

khztu;fsJ rf;jpia cr;r epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;Fk; mtu;fsJ Mw;wiyg;

Ngh~pg;gjw;Fk; Ntz;ba njhopy;rhu; jpwd;fs;.

- nghUshjhu tpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspj;jy;.

- mtu;fsJ njhopy; tpUg;Gf;fisAk; csr;rhu;GfisAk; fz;lwpjy;.

- mtu;fsJ Mw;wy;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Ntiyiaj; njupT nra;jy;.

- gadspf;ff; $baJk; epiyNgWilaJkhd [PtNdhghaj;jpy; <Lgly;.

V. rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpfs;.

md;whl tho;f;ifapy; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdtw;iwj; njupT nra;aTk; ehshe;j tho;f;ifapy;

xOf;fnewp> mwnewp> rkanewp njhlu;ghd elj;ijfisg; nghUj;jKw Nkw;nfhs;sTk;

tpOkpaq;fisj; jd;kakhf;fpf; nfhs;sYk; cs;thq;fYk;

VI. Xa;T Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs;.

mofpaw; fiyfs;> ,yf;fpak;> tpisahl;L> nka;ty;Yeu; Nghl;bfs;> Xa;T Neug;

nghOJNghf;Ffs; kw;Wk; tho;tpd; Mf;fG+u;tr; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;

,d;g Efu;r;rp> kfpo;r;rp> kdntOr;rpfs; Nghd;w kdpj mDgtq;fs;

VII. “fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;” njhlHghd Nju;r;rpfs;.

tpiuthf khWfpd;w> rpf;fyhd> xUtupy; xUtu; jq;fp epw;fpd;w cynfhd;wpy; xUtu;

RahjPdkhff; fw;gjw;fhd typikaspj;jYk; khw;wpaikf;Fk; nrad;KiwA+lhf>

khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g ,aq;fTk; mjid Kfhik nra;aTk; Ntz;ba czu;itAk;

ntw;wpiaAk; ngwr; nra;jy;.

(Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO mwpf;if - 2003 bnrk;gu;)

xii

4.0 ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;

,yq;ifapd; fpuhkpaf; fiyfs; gw;wpf; fw;gjd; %yk; ngUikkpF rupj;jpuk;

kw;Wk; rpwg;ghd tho;f;ifg; ghq;F njhlu;ghd kfj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;jy;.

kuGuPjpahd fiy El;g mwpit ikakhff; nfhz;L Mf;fj;jpwd; rpe;jidia

Vw;gLj;jy;.

Nfj;jpu fzpj tiujiyg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fSf;fhd rupahd tbtq;fis

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

rkfhyj; Njitf;Nfw;g myq;fhu Mf;fq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s topg;gLj;jy;.

El;gf;fiyg; ghlj; Nju;r;rpfs; %ykhf NtiyAyif ntw;wpnfhz;L> vjpu;fhy

Kaw;rpahsuhf tifnra;jy;.

xiii

5.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;

ghlrhiyapy; fw;Fk; khztu;fspd; ghl milit mwpe;Jnfhs;sy; kw;Wk;

mtu;fsplj;Nj fhzg;gLk; eypTfs;. typTfs; Mfpatw;iw ,dq;fz;L mjw;fhd

gpd;D}l;liy toq;Fjy; Mfpadtw;Wf;F fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk; mtrpakhFk;.

fzp;g;gPl;il ,ilapilNa elhj;j KbtJld; mjD}lhf khztuJ rhjid kl;lj;ij

mjpfupj;J mtu;fis Nju;r;;rp kl;lj;Jf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yhk;. xU jtizapy; gy jlitfs;

fzpg;g Pl ;il Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. fzpg;g Pl ;bd; ;NghJ khztUf;F nghJthdJk;

epahakhdJkhd Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;nfd nghJthd epajpfs; gpd;gw;wg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;nfd ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpyhd fzpg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lk; mwpKfQ;nra;agg;l;Ls;sJ.

juk; 10> 11 Mfpa tFg;Gf;fSf;nfd xt;nthU jtizAk; fzpg;gPL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L

khztuJ rhjid kl;lk; njupag;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;nfd ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj;

jpizf;fsj;jpd; %yk; gy;NtW fzpg;gPl;L Kiwfs; mwpKfQ; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld;

,tw;Ws; njhopDl;gg; ghlq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd fzpg;gPl;L Kiwfisj; njupTnra;tJ

ed;W. NjitNaw;gbd; Nju;r;rpfspd; jd;ikf;Nfw;w fzpg;Pl;L Kiwfis cUthf;fp

eilKiwg;gLj;jf;$ba Rje;jpuk; MrpupaUf;F cz;L.

,jd;NghJ Mrpupau; epahakhfTk; nghWg;ghfTk; ele;J nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;.

,jd;NghJ khztUf;F Gs;spfs; njupag;gLj;jg;gl;L FiwghLfis ePf;f Vw;w

MNyhridfSk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; khztu;fsJ milT kl;lj;ij mjpfupf;f

KbAk;.

xiv

6.0 jtizg; guPl;irfs;

fy;tpaikr;rpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l 'ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lk;(juk;

6-13)" vDk; mwpTWj;jw; ifNal;by; Fwpg;gpl;lthW juk; 10>11 Mfpa tFg;Gf;fspw;F

jtiz ,Wjpg; guPl;irfs; elhj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,jd;NghJ vOj;Jg; guPl;irf;F 50 Gs;spfSk; nrad;Kiwg; guPl;irf;F 50

Gs;spfSkhf 100 Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vOj;Jg; guPl;irapd; gj;jpuk; i ,y; 20

gy;Nju;T tpdhf;fs; toq;fg;gl;L 20 Gs;spfSk; gj;jpuk; ii ,y; %d;W tpdhf;fSf;F

tpilaspf;fr; nra;J 30 Gs;spfSk;; toq;fg;gLk;. gj;jpuk; ii ,d; Kjyhk; tpdh

fl;lhakhdjhFk;. ,e;j tpdh Fwpg;gpl;l jtizapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fzpg;gPl;ilj;

jOtpajhf mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

juk; 11 ,d; ,Wjpapy; ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; elhj;jg;gLk; nghJg;

guPl;ir %yk; khztu;fs; kjpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLtu;. ,J tpdhg;gj;jpuk; i, ii Mfpa

gFjpfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. gj;jpuk; i ,y; 40 gy;Nju;T tpdhf;fs; tpdtg;gl;L mjw;F 40

Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. gj;jpuk; ii ,y; 7 tpdhf;fs;Nfl;fg;gLk;. mjpy; Kjyhk; tpdh

fl;lhakhdjhFk;. ,jw;fhd Gs;spfs; 20MFk;. gj;jpuk; ii ,w;F Kjyhk; tpdh cl;gl

Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;Ftpilaspf;fg;gl;L 60 Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;. KO tpdhj;jhSf;Fkhd

nkhj;jg; Gs;sp 100 MFk;.

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiw

XV

ghlNtisfs;Nju;r ;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk; tpla cs;slf;fk; fw;ww; NgWfs;

1.0 Nfj ;j p u fz pjtbtq;fisg; gad;-gLj;jp tbtikg;-Gf;fspy; <LgLthu;.

1.1 c U i s f i s f ;nfhz;L Mf;fq;fs;nra;thu;

1.2 xOq;fhd gy;Nfhzp-fisg; gad;gLj;jpMf;fq;fis nra;thu;.

1.3 ePs;tisa tbtq;-fisg; gad;gLj;jpMf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.

cUisfisg; gad;gLj;jp Jzpg;nghk;ikfis mikj;jy;

nrt;tf tbtq;;fs; Ie;ij ntl;bf;nfhs;sy;

ijj;jy; gQ;R epug;Gjy; cUtikj;jy;

xOq;fhd Iq;Nfhzpfs;. xOq;fhd mWNfhzpfs;. Gilitj; Jz;Lfshyhd Iq;

Nfhzpfis> my;yJ mWNfhzpfis ,izj;Jj; ijj;jy;\

gQ;R epug;gp ge;ij cUthf;Fjy;

ePs;tisaq;fs; mikj;jy; ePs;tisa tbtq;fis nu[pNghk;

jl;by; ntl;Ljy;. ntl;bDs; Gilitj; Jz;Lfisj;

jpzpj ;J mofpa fhl ;r pfisntspg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sy;.

04

05

06

cUisapd; tpupaiy tiuthu; nrt;tfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp

Mf;fq;fis nra;thu;.

cupa Kiwfisf; ifahz;Lgy;Nfhzpfis mikg;ghu;.

xOq ;fhd Gilitiaf ;nfhz;L Njitahd tbtq;-fisg; gad;gLj;jp ge;J

cUthf;Fthu;. ntl;bnaLj;j tbtq;fis

Nrfupj;Jj; ijj;J gQ;R epug;gpge;njhd;iw Mf;;Fthu;.

gy;NtW Kiwfisg; gad;-gLj ;j p e Ps ;tisaq ;fs ;mikg;ghu;.

nu[pNghk; jl;by; ePs;tisatbtq;fs; ntl;Lthu;.

fhl ; r p nts p g ; gLkhWe p w j ; Jz p j ; Jz ; Lfisj ;jpzpg;ghu;.

ePs;tisa jpzpg ;Gr ; Rt-uyq;fhuq;fs; Mf;Fthu;.

El;gf;fiyfs; - ghlj;jpl;lq;fs;;

juk; - 11

XVI


2.1 ntg;g xl;L Kiw-iag ; gad ;gLj ;j pGilitfis myq-;fupg;ghu;.

2.2 jpiur; rl;lf mr;rply;Kiwapy; Gilit-fis myq;fupg;hu;.

2.3 Gj pa Kiwfisg ;gad;gLj;jp Gilitfspy; myq;fupg;igNkw;nfhs;thu;.

2.4 Kbr ; r p ly ; Kiw>gj;jpf; Kiw %yk;G i l i t f i smyq;fupg;ghu;.

jOtiz ciw jahupj;jy; ntg;g xl;L fljhrpfis Jzp

mOj;jpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;xl;lr; nra;J Mf;fq;fs; jahupj;jy;.

jiyaizAiwf;F mr;Rg; gjpj;jy; rl;lfj;ijj; jahupj;jy; jpiuiag; nghUj;Jjy; jpiuapd;kPJ fhl;LUf;fis

,Ljy; rhaf; $o;; jahupj;jy; mr;rply;;

gpw;Rj;j Kiwfisf; ifahs;jy;

Nriy Ke;jhidf;F myq;fhukply;(kzp;fs;>kpDq;Fk; nghl;Lfs;(Sequin) fw;fs;> tiy my;yJNtW Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp)

iff ;Fl ;il /fj piu ciwjahupj;jy;

nkOFf;fyit jahupj;jy; Gdy;> \d;bd; Nghd;w

cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;j pNfhyq;fSf;F nkOF G+Rjy;

Fwpj;j rha tiffisg; gad;gLj;jpNfhyq;fis ntspg ;gLj ;j pf ;nfhs;sy;.

ntg;g xl;L Kiwia tptupg;ghu;. ntg ; g xl ;L Kiwiag ;

gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.

mr ; r plYf ;Fj ; Njitahdrl;lfj;ijj; jahupg;ghu;.

ry;yupj;Jzpia (Xfd;b) gad;-gLj;jp rl;lfj;jpy; jpiuiag;nghUj;Jthu;;.

jpiuapd;kPJ tbtikg;igmikg;ghu;.

rhaf;$iog; gad;gLj;jp jpiuapy;mr;rpLthu;.

gpw;Rj;j Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jprhaj;ij epiyg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.

myq;fupg;Gf;Fj; NjitahdnghUl;fisj; njupT nra;thu;.

etPd Gjpa Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jpNriyj; jiyg;ig myq;fupg;ghu;.

Kbr;rpl;L gj;jpf; myq;fhukpliytpsf;Fthu;.

cupa rhaq;fs;> cgfuzq;-fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fs;nra;thu;.

02

04

04

03

2.0 gy;NtW Kiw-fisg; gad;gLj;jpG i l i t f i smyq;fupg;ghu;.

XVII


3.0Gilit cw;gj;jpr;nrad;Kiwf;Fj;N j i t a h djfty;fis Ma;e;-jwpe;jthW Mf;fr;nrad ;Kiwa py ;<LgLthu;.

3.1 E}y;fSf;F ,yf;fkpLthu;

3.2 nerT rhu;e;j Mf;fq;fSf;fhd nrytpdj;ijf; fzf;fpLthu;.

3.3 nerTj; jwptiffis,dq;fhz;ghu;.

3.4 cw;gj;jpf;Fj; Jizahff; nfhs;sg;gLk;cgfuzj; njhFjpiatptupg;ghu;.

3.5 nerTf; Nfhyq;fis

,dq;fhz;ghu;.

3.6 vspa nerTg; nghwp-

iag; gad;gLj;jp

Nkir tpupg;Gfs; nerT

nra;thu;.

E}y; tiffs; ,yf;fkply; Kiwfs;

ghT E}y;fspd; msit fz;lwp-jy;

FWf;F / Cil E}y ;fspd ;msitf; fzpj;jwpjy;.

nerTj; jwp tiffs; nerTj; jwpapd; gFjpfSk; Jizr;

rhjdq;fSk;

E}y; Rw;Wk; cgfuzj; njhFjp ghNthly; cgfuzj; njhFjp

rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf; Nfhyj;ij

tiuGgLj;Jjy;

E}y; Rw;Wjy;

ghTjy;

nghwpapy; ,ly;;

nerT nra;jy;

02

02

02

02

02

08

E}y ;fis tifg ; gLj ;Jk ;Kiwfis ,dq;fz;L ,yf;fkpLthu;.

ghTf;Fj; Njitahd E}y;msitf; fzpg;ghu;.

Nkw;gb ghTf;Fj; NjitahdCil E}y; msitf; fzpg;ghu;.

nerTj ; jw ptiffisAk ;mtw;wpd; Jizr;rhjdq;fis-Ak; ngaupLthu;

E}y; Rw;Wk; cgfuzq;fisg;ngaupLthu;.

ghNthly; cgfuzq;fisg;ngaupLthu;.

rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf; Nfhyj;ijtiuGg;gLj;Jthu;.

cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp E}y;

Rw;Wthu;.

cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp E}y;

ghTthu;.

E}iy jwpapyikj;J nerT

nra;thu;.

XVIII


4.1 fl;bnOg;gy; Kiwapy;

fspkz; ghz;lq;fis

cUthf;Fthu;.

4.2 fspkz; ghz;lq;fis

kPs cUthf;Ftjw;-

fhd mr;Rf;fisj;

jahupg;ghu;.

4.3 RLtjw;Fg; gad;gLj;-jg;gLk; #is tif-fis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

4.4 fspkz; ghz;lq;fSf;F myq;fhukpLk;Kiwfis ,dq;fz;-L ifahz;L ghu;g;-ghu;.

fspkz; ghz;lq;fis cUthf;Fk;

Kiwfs;

tidNthd; rpy;ypidg; gad;gLj;jp

fspkz; ghz;lq;fis cUthf;fy;

mr;Rf;fisj; jahupj;jy;

vspa mr;Rf;fs;

rpf;fyhd mr;Rf;fs;

#is tiffs;; #isj; Jizr;rhjdq;fs; jfdg; gjhu;j;jq;fs;

fs pkz ; ghz ;lq ;fSf ;Fmyq;fhukpLk; Kiwfs;

fs pkz ; ghz ;lq ;fSf ;Fmyq;fhukpLk; re;ju;g;gq;fs;

Rl ;l fspkz; ghz;lj ;Jf ;Fmyq;fhukply;

ghz; fyit Nrhs khTf;fyit nfhyh[; fljhrpf; $o; kzy; nlNfhgh[; Nfhyq;fs; tu;zk; g+Rjy;

04

04

02

06

tidNthd; rpy;ypidg; gad;-

gLj;jp fspkz; ghz;lq;fis

cUthf;Fthu;.

fspkz; ghz;lq;fis kPs

cUthf;Ftjw;fhd mr;Rf;fs;

jahupg;ghu;.

mr ;Rf ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j p

ghz;lq;fs; nra;thu;.

#is tiffisg; ngaup;Lthu;.

#is Jizr;rhjdq;fis

tptupg;ghu;.

#is tiffSf ;nfdg ;gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vupnghUs;tiffisg; ngaupLthu;.

ghuk ; g u pa kw ;Wk ; et Pd

myq ;fh u Kiwfisg ;

ngaupLthu;

Rl;l fspkz;ghz;lq;fSf;F

gy;NtW Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp

myq;fhukpLthu;.

4.0 fs pia ,dq ; -

fz;L Mf;fq;fs;

nra;thu;.

XIX


5.1 tpohnthd;Wf;fhf G+m y q ; f h u q ; f s ;Mf;Fthu;.

5.2 gy;NtW Clfq;fisg;gad;gLj;jp nraw;ifMguzq;fis epUkhzpg;ghu;.

6.1 ntl;Lg; Gilitj;Jz;Lfshy; Mf;fk;nra;thu;.

g+f;nfhj;J Nkir myq;fupg;G gpurq;f Nkilf;fhd myq;fupg;G kq;fy tpsf;F myq;fupg;G g+ khiyfs;

fOj;jzpfyd;fs; if mzpfyd;fs; Nriyr; nrUF Crp

(kzpfs;> ghz; fyit> NrhskhT)

gdpf;; fub (Teddy bear) nghk;ik

khjpupAU jahupj;jy; gQ;R epug;Gjy;; Kbg;G

06

06

06

g +f ; fshyhd myq ;fhu

Mf;fq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

re;ju;g;gq;fisg; ngaupLthu;.

nghUj;jkhdthW g+f;fspyhyhdMf;fnkhd;iw Mf;Fthu;.

mzpfyd;fisj; jahu pf ;fnghUj;jkhd Clfq;fisg;ngaupLthu;.

gy ; NtW Clfq ;fisg ;gad;gLj;jp mzpfyd;fisj;jahupg;ghu; (eldj;Jf;F mtrpa-khdit Nghd;wit)

nkd;ikahd tpisahl;Lg;ng hUs ; cw ; gj ; j p f ;Fg ;nghUj;jkhd Jzptiffisg;nghUj ;jkhd e pwq ;fs py ;njupTnra;J nfhs;thu;.

nkd;ikahd tpisahl;Lg;-nghUs; cw;gj;jpf;fhf> rupahdmsTfspd;gb khjpupAUitj;jahupj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.

t pisahl ;Lg ; nghUs ;cw ; gj ; j p f ;f hf ntt ;NtWi j a y ; K i w f i s g ;gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Gilitj; Jz;Lfisg; gad;gLj;jpnry ;yg ; g puhzp cUf;fs ;Mf;Fthu;.

5.0 myq;fhuMf;fq;fspy;<LgLthu;.

6.0 n kd ;ikahdt pisahl ;Lg ;n g h k ; i k fs ;Mf;Fthu;.

;

XX


7.1 fljhr p g ; g +f ; fs ;jahupg;ghu;.

8.1 g+q ;fh myq;fhuf;$Wfs; jahupg;ghu;.

fljhrpg; g+f;fisj; jahupj;JnkOFg; g+r;rply;(gutpd; nkOF)

tpyq;F cUtq;fis mikj;jy; kdpj cUtq;fis mikj;jy;

(gupRr;rhe;J/rPnke;J/fljhrpf; $o;/fsp)

04

06

fljhrpg; g+f;fisj; jahupj;JePz;l fhyk; Ngzj;jf;f Kiw

fisf; ifahz;L ghu;g;ghu;.

g+q ;fh myq;fhuj ;Jf ;Fg ;nghUj;jkhd jpl;lq;fs; tiuthu;.

ntt ;NtW Clfq ;fisg ;gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ me;je ;jClfj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthWfyitfisj; jahupg;ghu;.

7.0 fljhrp Clfj;jp-idg; gad;gLj;jpmyq;fhu Mf;-fq;fs; nra;thu;.

8.0 g+q;fh myq;fhuMf ; f q ; fiscUthf;Fthu;.

1

El;gf; fiyfs;

Mrpupau; topfhl;b juk;-11

Nju;r;rp 1 : Nfj;jpufzpj tbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tbtikg;Gf;fspy; <LgLthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1.1: cUisfisf; nfhz;L Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;

ghlNtisfs; : 04

fw;ww; NgWfs; : cUisfisf; nfhz;L Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.

nrt;tfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Jzpahyhd nghk;ik jahupg;ghu;.

ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :

cUisapd; tpupaiy tiue;J mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpj; Jzpahyhd nghk;ik

xd;iwj; jahupg;gNj vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

Kbg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;l Jzpg;nghk;ik kw;Wk; cUistbtj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp

cUthf;fg;gl;l Mf;fq;fs; rpytw;iw Kd;itj;J mtw;iw khztu; mtjhdpf;fr;

nra;jy;.

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghff; fye;JiuahLf.

cUisapd; Kg;gupkhzj; Njhw;wk;

cUisapd; Kd;dpiyj;Njhw;wk;> gf;fj;Njhw;wk;> fpilj;Njhw;wk; vd;gtw;iwf;

fhl;b mtw;iw tiue;J nfhs;sr; nra;jy;

cUisapd; khjpupia xNu jsj;jpy; tiujy;

mjpYs;s nrt;tf> tl;l tbtq;fis ,dq;fhzy;

cupa mstpilapidg; ngWk; nghUl;L nghUj;jkhd Nfj;jpu fzpj

cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;

epUkhzpg;ig cUthf;Fk;NghJ tpupaiyj; jahupf;f Ntz;Lnkdf; fhl;Lf.

Mf;fj;jpd; ghfq;fspy; xl;Ltjw;fhd tpLntspia vQ;rtpl;L khjpupAUit

ntl;bf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkdf; Fwpg;gpLf.

rupahd msTj;jpl;lj;Jf;fika nrt;tf tbtj; Jz;Lfis ntl;bf; nfhs;s topfhl;Lf.

ntl;ba ghfq;fis cupathW ijj;Jf;nfhs;s khztiu topg;gLj;Jf.

ijf;fg;gl;l ghfq;fSf;F gQ;ir ,l;L epug;gp ghfq;fisg; nghUj;jpf;nfhs;s

cjtpnra;f.

ijf;fg;gl;l nghk;ikapd; jiyia jahu;nra;a khztu;fis topg;gLj;Jf.

ijj;J Kbf;fg;gl;l nghk;ikf;F Mil myq;fhuq;fisg; nghUj;jkhf Nkw;nfhs;sr;

nra;f.

,JNghd;w NtWtifahd cUtq;fisAk; jahupf;f KbAk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

gpujhd nrhw;fSk; vz;zf;fUf;fSk;:

cUis - Cylinder

tpupay; - Development

khjpupAU - Block

jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;;:

cUis rpy> Kg;gupkhz cUtq;fisf; fhl;Lk; glk;

cUis tpupay;fs; rpy

Mf;fj;jpwd; ntspg;gLkhW jahupf;fg;gl;l nghk;ikfs; rpy

2

El;gf; fiyfs;


khjpupAU ntl;bf;nfhs;sf; fljhrp / gpup];ly; ml;il

mbkl;lk;> ngd;rpy;> rpwpa fj;jp (Cutter Knife)

E}y;> ijay; Crp> gQ;R

gytif tu;z myq;fhuj; Jzpfs;> nghj;jhd;> upgd;> ehz; (Cord)> fWg;G> fgpy

epw fk;gspE}y; (Wool)

fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

,jd;NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;Sq;;fs;

cUisapd; Njhw;wj;ij (mstPLfis) tpsf;Fjy;

cUisapd; gFjpfis xNu jsj;jpy; tpupayhf tiujy;

Nfj;jpufzpj tbtq;fis ,dq;fz;L ngauply;

cUisapd; gFjpfisg; nghUj;jp gQ;R epug;gp kdpj cUtj;ij ntspf;nfhzUjy;

mt;TUtj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhf jiyia tbtikj;jy;

nghUj;jkhd Milazpfisj; ijj;J myq;fupj;jy;

ntt;NtW tifg;gl;l nghk;ikfis cUthf;Fjy;

gy;tifik mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Mf;fr;rpe;jidapy; <LgLjy;

3

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 1 : Nfj;jpufzpj jstbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tbtikj;jypy; <LgLthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1.2: xOq;fhd gy;Nfhzpfisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 05

fw;ww; NgWfs; : cupa Kiwfisf;ifahz;L gy;Nfhzpfis mikg;ghu;.

Gilitiag; gad;gLj;jp Njitahd tbtq;fis ntl;bf;

nfhs;thu;.

ntl;bnaLj;j tbtq;fisr; Nru;j;Jj; ijj;J> gQ;R epug;gp

ge;njhd;W Mf;Fthu;.


gy;Nfhzpfis> Iq;Nfhzp js cUf;fisAk; mWNfhzp cUf;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp

Jzpia Clfkhff; nfhz;L jahupj;j rpy ge;Jfis khztu;f;F toq;fp

mtjhdpf;fr; re;ju;g;gkspf;Ff.

Iq;Nfhzpfs;> mWNfhzpfs; mikj;jy;

gf;f ePsk; jug;gl;Ls;s NghJ Iq;Nfhzp / mWNfhzpfis mikg;gjw;Fupa

tpNrlkhd KiwfisAk; nghJthd KiwfisAk; ifahz;L tbtikg;Gr;

nrad;Kiwapy; <LgLtjw;F khztu;f;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspf;Ff.

tl;lnkhd;wpDs; Iq;Nfhzp> mWNfhzp mikf;Fk; nghJKiwfisAk; tpNrl

KiwfisAk; gad;gLj;jp> tbtikg;gpy; <LgLtjw;F khztu;fFr; re;ju;g;gkspf;Ff.

mt;thW mikj;j Iq;Nfhzpfs; / mWNfhzpfSf;F ijay; tpLntsp Nru;j;J

khjpupAUf;fis (Block) jahupf;FkhW topg;gLj;Jf.

mk;khjpupAUf;fisf; nfhz;L Jzpg;gFjpfis ntl;bnaLj;J mg;gFjpfis

xd;Wlndhd;whf ,izj;J khjpupAUitj; jahupj;Jf;nfhs;s topg;gLj;Jf.

khjpu pAUtpd; JizAld; Jzpg;gFjpfis ntl;bnaLj;J mtw;iw

xd;Wlndhd;whf ,izj;J> xU jpwty; (Opening) khj;jpuk; cs;s epiyapid

ijj;Jf;nfhs;f.

,dp ge;jpd; jputypd; / thapd; Clhf cs;s> gQ;R / jpzpnghUs; (Padding)

,l;L epug;gp thia %bj;ijj;Jf;nfhs;f.

,k;Kiwiaf; ifahz;L ntt;NtW tif mq;fq;fs; nra;ayhk; vd;gij

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.


Iq;Nfhzp - Pentagon

mWNfhzp - Hexagon


Iq;Nfhzp> mWNfhzp jstbtq;fs; tiuag;gl;l ml;ilfs;

Nfj;jpufzpj cgfuzj; njhFjp

khjpupAUitj; jahupg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd fljhrp / gpup];ly; ml;il

rPj;ijj; Jzp> jdp epwj;Jzp

E}y;> Crp> gQ;R / jpzpnghUs;

fj;jupf;Nfhy;> ngd;rpy;

4

El;gf; fiyfs;



gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;Sq;;fs;

xOq;fhd gy;Nfhzp> xOq;fhd mWNfhzpfspd; ,ay;Gfis tptupj;jy;

Xu; Mf;fj;Jf;fhf Iq;Nfhzp / mWNfhzpfisj; jahupj;J ijay; tpLntspAld;

khjpupAUf;fis Mf;fpf;nfhs;sy;.

Mf;fj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW epwj;Jzp gad;gLj;jy;

Iq;Nfhzp> mWNfhzp jstbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; ge;ij Mf;Fjy;

5

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 1 : Nfj;jpufzpj tbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tbtikj;jypy; <LgLthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 1.3: ePs;tisa tbtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 06

fw;ww; NgWfs; : gy;NtW Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp ePs;tisaq;fs; mikg;ghu;.

nu[pNghk; jl;by; ePs; tisa tbtq;fs; ntl;Ljy;

tbtq;fs; ntl;ba ,lq;fspy; Jz;Lfisj; jpzpj;J Rtu;

myq;fhuq;fs; jahupg;ghu;.


ePs;tisa tbtj;jpy; jahupf;fg;gl;l Rtuyq;fhuq;fis khztuplk; nfhLj;J mtw;iw

mtjhdpf;fr; re;ju;g;gkspf;Ff.

ePs; tisak; tiutjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ntt;NtW Kiwfis mwpKfQ;

nra;f.

tpy; Kiw xU ika tl;l Kiw

tl;l Kiw nrt;tf Kiw

ePs; tisak; vd;gij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jf.

ePs;tisankhd;wpd; gFjpfis mwpKfQ; nra;f.

Ngup mr;R

rPwp mr;R

Ftpak;

ePs; tisag; gFjpfSf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

ghijapy; (Path) cs;s xU Gs;spapypUe;J epiyf;Fj;jhd mirahg; Gs;sp

tiuapyhd nrq;Fj;Jj; J}uk; mg;ghy; Gwj;Nj mikj;Js;s xU Gs;sp tiuapyhd

J}uj;ij tpl FiwthdJ. AB > BF MFk;.

ePs; tisaj;jpd; ghijapy; cs;s xU Gs;spia Ftpaj;Jld; ,uz;L NfhLfshy;

,izg;gjhy;> mt;tpU NfhLfspuz;bdJk; $l;Lj;njhif Ngup mr;Rf;Fr; rkkhdJ.

BF1 + BF

2 = CD Ngup mr;R

tiuag;gl;Ls;s xU ePs;tisaj;jpd; Ftpaj;ijf; fhzy;

,jw;fhf Ngup mr;rpd; rupghjpj;J}uj;Jf;F ftuhaj;ijf; nfhz;L nrd;W rPwp mr;rpd;

ahNjDk; Xu; me;jj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;L> Ngup mr;rpd; ,U GwKk; ,ilntl;Ltjd;

%yk; Ftpag;Gs;spfisf; fz;lwpa cjtp GupAq;fs;.

,ilntl;L tpy; KiwapYk; xU ika tl;l KiwapYk; ePs;tisaj;ij mikf;f

cjtp Gupf.

tiue;j ePs;tisa tbtj;ij nu[pNghk; jfLkPJ ntl;b> mjd; kPJ tbtikg;Gf;

fhl;rpia milahskpl;L> $upa fj;jp myfpdhy; KOjhf CLUtpr; nry;yhjthW

ntl;bmg;gFjp kiwAkhW nghUj;jkhd epwj;Jzpg;gFjpfis ntl;bj;> ntl;bd;

topNa jpzpj;J Rtuyq;fhuj;ij mikf;f topfhl;Lf.

,t;thwhf NtW tpjq;fisAk; NtW Clfq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fs; nra;a

topg;gLj;Jf.

6

El;gf; fiyfs;



Ngup mr;R - Major axis

rPwp mr;R - Minor axis

Ftpak; - Focus

ePs;tisak; - Ellipse


gFjpfSf;Fg; ngauplg;gl;l ePs;tisankhd;wpd; glk;

Nfj;jpufzpj cgfuzj; njhFjp

Xu; mq;Fyj;Jf;F (1”) Nky; jbg;Gila nu[pNghk; jfL

tpy;Yf;fj;jp / ths; myF / jp#j;jhs; (cupjhs;)> fhgd; jhs;

ngd;rpy; mopwg;gu;

ePs;tisaTUtq;fisf; nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gl;l Rtuyq;fhuk;



tbtikj;jw; nrad;Kiwapy; rupahf <LgLjy;

ePs;tisaj;ijr; rupahf mikj;jy;

nu[pNghk; jhspy; ePs;tisa tbtj;ijr; rupahf ntl;Ljy;

Rtuyq;fhuj;Jf;fhfg; nghUj;jkhd fhl;LUnthd;wpid (Design) milahskply;

ntl;bnaLj;j Jzpg;gFjpfis ntl;ba fhl;LU kPJ itj;J Jzp Xuq;fis nu[pNghk;

jfl;bd; ntl;ba gFjpfspd; topNa jpzpj;jy;

Mf;fj;jpd; KOepiwT

7

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 2 : gy;NtW Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp Gilitfis myq;fupg;ghu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2.1: ntg;g xl;L Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jpg; Gilitfis myq;fupg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww; NgWfs; : ntg;g xl;L Kiwia tptupg;ghu;.

ntg;g xl;L Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.


tpNrl myq;fhu Kiwahf ,dq;fhzg;gl;l ntg;g xl;L Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp

jOtiz (Cushion) ciwnahd;iw Mf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Gilit myq;fhu

KiwfSld; ,ize;j GJKiwnahd;nwd tpsf;FtJld; ntg;g xl;L Kiwapy;

nra;ag;gl;l Mf;fq;fis khztu;fSf;fpilapy; gfpu;e;jspj;J mtjhdpg;gjw;Fr;

re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fp ghlj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;fTk;.

fPo;fhZk; tplaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fye;JiuahLtjd; %yk; ghlj;ijf;

fl;bnaOg;gTk;.

ntg;g xl;L Kiwf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; tpNrlkhd ,uz;L tiff; fljhrpfs;

cs;sdntd;gijAk; mit gUj;jpj; JzpAk; gl;Lg; Gilitf;Fkhf (Silk)

ntt;Ntwhfg; gad;gLj;j KbAnkd;gijAk; tpsf;Ff.

khztu;fSf;F gUj;jpj; Jzpahy; Mf;fk; nra;tJ ,yFthdnjd;gjhy;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s gUj;jpj; Jzpfspy; Muk;g tbtikg;Gf;fis my;yJ jdp epwkhd

gplitfspd; %yk; nghUj;jkhd tbtikg;Gf;fis ntl;b vLf;Fk; Kiwia

tpsf;Fjy;

ntl;b vLf;fg;gl;l tbtikg;Gf;fis kpd; mOj;jpiag; gad;gLj;jp ntg;g xl;L

fljhrpAld; ,izf;fg;gLk; Kiwia tpsf;Fjy;

Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ntl;b vLf;fg;gl;l jstbtq;fis ,izg;gjw;F kpd;

mOj;jpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiw

jOtiz ciwnahd ;w pw ;fhfg ; nghUj ;jkhd myq ;fhunkhd ;iwj ;

njupTnra;Ak;Kiwia tpsf;Fjy;

,izf;fg;gl;l myq;fhuj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf GwTUt tpspk;G (Out

liner) rhaj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiw

,e;j myq;fhu Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp Rtu; myq;fhuk; Nriyj;jiyg;G> gazg;ig>

Nkir tpupg;G Nghd;w myq;fhuq;fis nra;ayhk; vd tpsf;Fjy;


ntg;g xl;Lf; fljhrp - Heat’n bond papers

GwTUt rhak; - Outline paint tubes


mr;rpl;l gUj;jpg; Gilit / gy;NtW epw jdptu;z gUj;jpg; Gilit

fhupf;fd; Jzp (Grey cloth)

ntg;g xl;Lf; fljhrp (rptg;G Rl;b) (Red Label)

8

El;gf; fiyfs;


fj;jupf;Nfhy;

Gw TUt tpspk;Gr;rhak; - nghUj;jkhd epwq;fspy;

Jzp mOj;jp

mizaplg;gl;l Nkir my;yJ Jzp mOj;jpg; gyif



fhl;LUitj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F mr;rpl;l Gilit tifiaAk; jdp epwg;

GilitfisAk; gad;gLj;j KbAnkdTk;

fhl;LU njupTnra;Ak;NghJ mjd; msT (Size) gw;wpf; ftdQ; nrYj;Jjy;

ntg;g xl;L Kiwia xU xl;L (Sticker) Kiw vdf; Fwpg;gply;.

fhl;LUTf;Fg; NghJkhd msTf;F ntg;g xl;Lf; fljhrpiag; gad;gLj;Jjy;

fhl;LUTf;Fg; NghJkhd msTf;F ntg;gxl;Lf; fljhrpiag; gad;gLj;Jjy;

fhl;LUit epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;F GwTUt rhaj;ijg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;

Mf;fG+u;tkhd rpe;jid %yk; myq;fhu Mf;fq;fs; cUthFk;

9

El;gf; fiyfs;



Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2.2: jpiur; rl;lf mr;rply; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp Gilitfis

myq;fupg;hu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 04

fw;ww; NgWfs; : mr;rplYf;Fj; Njitahd rl;lfj;ijj; (frame) jahupg;ghu;.

ry;yupj;Jzpiag; (Xfd;b -organdie) gad;gLj;jp rl;lfj;jpy; jpiuiag;

nghUj;Jthu;;.

jpiuapd;kPJ tbtikg;ig mikg;ghu;.

rhaf;$iog; gad;gLj;jp mr;rpLthu;.

gpw;Rj;j Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp rhaj;ij epiyg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.


Gilit Jzp mr;rply; Jiwapy; kpfTk; gpugy;ak; tha;e;j Kiwahd jpiur; rl;l

mr;rply; (Screen Printing) Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp jOtiz ciwnahd;iw

myq;fupg;gNj ,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

jpiur;rl;l mr;rply; Kiwapy; myq;fhuk; nra;ag;gl;l jOtiz ciw> B Nru;l;

(T-Shirt) Nghd;w Mf;fq;fis khztu; Kd;dpiyapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp mtjhdpf;fr;

mtu;fSf;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;fp ghlj;jpw;Fs; gpuNtrpf;fTk;.

fPo;f;fhZk; tplaq;fisf; fye;Jiuahb ghlj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gTk;

jpiur;rl;lf mr;rply; KiwapNy myq;fhuj;ij cl;gLj;jp xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l

jpiuj; Jzpia gyifr; rl;lj;Jld; ,izj;J cs;Ns rhaj;jpypl;l ,wg;gu;

Jilg;gj;jpdhy; (Squeegee rubber) rhaj;ijj; Nja;g;gjdhy; jpiuapYs;s myq;fhuk;

Jzpapd; Nky;jsj;jpy; (jOtizf;fhf xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l) gpupthFk; vd;gij

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

jpiur; rl;lj;jpw;fhf kNdhfdp> rkz;liy Nghd;w ghukw;w Nfhzy;KWfy; Vw;glhj

kutif gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vdf; $Wq;fs;.

mr;rplYf;Fj; Njitahd jpiur;rl;lj;ijj; jahu;nra;Ak; Kiw

rl;lfj;jpd; jpiur; rPiyf;fhf ry;yupj;Jzp Nghd;w nkd;ikahd JisfisAila

Jzp tifnahd;iwg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;

ry;yupj; Jzpiag; gad;gLj;jp rl;lfj;jpy; jpiuia nghUj;Jk; Kiw

jpiuapd;kPJ fhl;LUnthd;iw Mf;Fjy;

mr;rplg;glNtz;ba myq;fhug; gFjp jtpu;e;j kw;iwa gFjpfSf;F muf;Fr;rhak;

(Lacquer) my;yJ thu;dp\; (Varnish) G+rp kiwj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

rhaf; fyit nrwpTilajhf ,Uj;jy;Ntz;Lk;

rhaf; $iog; gad;gLj;jp mr;rpLk; Kiw

gpw;Rj;j Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp jOtiz ciw> BNru;l;> gy;NtW Jzpj; Jz;Lfs;>

Rtnuhl;b (Poster) fz;ftu; ml;ilfs;> miog;gpjo;> Gj;jfntspg;Gw ml;il gy;NtW

nghjpaply;> Jzp ciw Nghd;w Gilit rhu;e;j jahupg;GfspYk; fljhrp> gyif>

gpsh];bf;> Njhy;> jfL Nghd;w nghUl;fspYk; mr;rpl KbAk;.


,wg;gu;j; Jilg;gj;ij - Squeegee (khw;wPl;L cgfuzkhf wg;gu; ghjzpapd; mbj;Jz;L)

10

El;gf; fiyfs;


Jzpr; rhak; - Fabric Paint

mr;rply; jsk; - Pad (miz ,l;l Nkir NghJkhdJ)


gyifr;rl;lfk; (30cm x 30cm)

ry;yupj; Jzp (xfd;b) 1/2 m

thu;dp\; 50ml

muf;Fg; G+r;R (Lacquer) 50ml

<ahzp (Tintacks) 25g

J}upif (1/2 mq;Fy)

fhgd; jhs;

A4 fljhrp

gUj;jpg; Gilit 1/2 kPw;wu;

ngg;upf; rhak; (Fabric paint) / gpf;kz;l; rhak; (Pigment paint)

,wg;gu; Jilg;gk; (Sqeegee)

Jzpg; gir

mr;Rj; jsk;

Jzp mOj;jp

Rj;jpay;



jpiur;rl;l mr;rplypw;fhfj; Njitahd Jizg; ghfq;fs; gy cs;sd.

jpiur;rl;l mr;rply;Kiwf;F Jzpfs; myq;fhuk; nra;tjpy; tpUj;jpaile;Js;s

tpiuthd myq;fhu KiwahFk;.

jpiur;rl;lj;ij cupa Kiwapy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;

mr;rply; nray;Kiwf;F Kd; ed;whfj; jpl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;.

Njitf;F Vw;wthW nghUj;jkhd myq;fhuj;ijj; njupTnra;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;

11

El;gf; fiyfs;



Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2.3: Gjpa Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp Gilitfspy; myq;fupg;ig

Nkw;nfhs;thu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 04

fw;ww; NgWfs; : myq;fupg;Gf;Fj; Njitahd nghUl;fisj; njupT nra;thu;.

Gjpa Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp Nriyj; jiyg;ig myq;fupg;ghu;


gy;NtW myq;fhu myq;fupg;G Kiw gw;wp tpsf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;Nehf;Fld;

Nriyj; jiyg;ig myq;fupg;gNj ,g;ghlj;jpy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

khztu;fSf;F myq;fupf;fg;gl;l Nriyj; jiyg;Gfs; rpytw;iw mtjhdpg;gjw;fhf

khztu;fSf;F ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fTk;.

fPo;f;fhZk; tplaq;fisf; fye;JiuahLtjd; %yk; ghlj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gTk;.

etPd myq;fhu myq;fupg;G Kiwfspy; rhak; gad;gLj;jhky; Mf;fk; nra;a

KbAnkdTk; kpDq;Fk; nghl;Lf;fs;(Sequin) kzpfs; fz;zhbf; fw;fs;> fz;zhbf;

Foha;> nraw;if E}y; tiffs; Nghd;w Clfq;fs; mNdfkhfg; gad;gLj;j KbAnkd

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lf..

jhk; myq;fupf;f vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; tbtj;ij fhgd; jhisg; gad;gLj;jp Nriyj;

jiyg;gpd; kPJ gpujpgz;zTk;.

gpujpgz;zg;gl;l tbtj;jpd;kPJ Jzpg; gir G+rp> njupTnra;J nfhz;l Clfj;ij

xd;whf xl;bf;nfhs;tjw;F top nra;aTk;.

tbtikg;gpw;F ,ilNa Njitahd ,lq;fSf;F myq;fhu ijay; Kiwfisg;

gad;gLj;j KbAnkd vLj;Jf; fhl;lTk;.

myq;fhu Jzp myq;fupg;G Kiw tFg;giwapy; ,yFthf nra;af;$ba myq;fhu

Kiw vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;lTk;.

Nriy tif> jOtid ciw> Nkir tpupg;G> Rtu; myq;fhuk; Nghd;w Mf;fq;fis

myq;fupf;f nra;a KbAnkdf; fhl;bf; tpsf;Ff.


Nriyj; jiyg;G - Head piece


myq;fupf;fg;gl;l Nriyj; jiyg;Gfs; rpy

Nriyj; jiyg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Jzptif

kpDq;Fk; nghUl;fs;> kzpfs;> fz;zhbf;fw; Jz;Lfs;> nraw;if E}y; tif>

fz;zhbf; Foha;

Jzp gir (Jzp xl;Lg;gir)

fhgd; jhs;

ngd;rpy;

Crp

mizapl;l Nkir

12

El;gf; fiyfs;




jw;fhy re;ijapy; mtjhdpj;j jfty;fisf; nfhz;L ntt;NtW myq;fupg;G Kiwfis

tptupj;jy;

fhgd; jhspd; JizAld; fhl;LUit Nriyj; jiyg;gpy; gpupjpgz;Zk; tpjk;

gpujp gz;zg;gl;l fhl;LU kPJ Jzpg; giriag; G+rp njupTnra;ag;gl;l Clfj;ij

xl;Ljy; (kpDq;Fk; nghl;Lf;fs;> kzpfs;> fz;zhbf; fw;fs;>fz;zhbf; Foha;>

nraw;if E}y;tif> Nghd;wtw;Ws; xUtif my;yJ rpytif)

Mf;fr; rpe;jid %yk; myq;fhu Mf;fq;fs; nra;Ak; jpwd;

13

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 2.0 : gy;NtW Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp Gilitfis myq;fupg;ghu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 2.4: Kbr;rply;Kiw gw;wpf;Kiw %yk; Gilitfis myq;fupg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 03

fw;ww; NgWfs; : Kbr;rpl;L gj;jpf; myq;fhukpliy tpsf;Fthu;.

cupa rhaq;fs; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.


rhaj;ijAk; tpNrl cgfuzq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp gj;jpf; KiwapYk;> Kbr;rply;

KiwapYk; Jzptiffs; myq;fhuk; nra;Ak; Kiw gw;w mDgtj;ijg; ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; iff;Fl;il> jOtiz ciw vd;gd nra;a

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Kbr;rpl;Lr;rhakply; kw;Wk; gw;wpf; Kiwapy; nra;ag;gl;l Mf;fq;fis khztu;fSf;F

iff;Ff; nfhLj;J mtw;iw mtjhdpf;fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fTk;.

Kbr;rpl;Lr;rhakply;;> gw;wpf; nra;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Jzptiffisg; ngaupl;L

mtw;iw Kw;Rj;jk; nra;Ak; Kiwia tpsf;fTk;.

Kbr;rpl;Lr;rhakpliy jahu;nra;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba nghUl;fisg; ngaupLtjw;F

cjtpnra;aTk;.

Kbr;rpLk; Kiwf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba El;gKiwfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fk; cjtp

nra;tJld; Kbr;Rf;fis ,Ltjw;Fk; cjtTk;.

rhag; ghj;jpuq;fs; jahupf;f cjtTk;.

Kbr;rpl;L rhakplg;gl;l Jzpj;Jz;il mfw;wp rpy tpehbfs; ,sq;fhw;wpy; cyu

itf;FkhW MNyhrid toq;fTk;.

Kbr;rpl;L rhakpliy mtpo;j;J Jzpj;Jz;by; gpw;Rj;j Kiw ,Ltjw;F MNyhrid

toq;fTk;

gw;wpf; nra;tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd fhl;LUit Jzpj;Jz;bd;kPJ gpujpgz;ZkhW

MNyhrid toq;fTk;.

gw;wpf; nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd nkOFf; fyitiaj; jahu;nra;tjw;F cjtp

nra;aTk;.

myq;fhuj;jpd;kPJ J}upif> rd;bd; my;yJ Gdy; Nghd;w cgfuzq;fspd; cjtpAld;

nkOifg; G+Rtjw;F cjtpnra;f.

%d;w ghj;jpuq;fspy; gw;wpf; rhak; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;f.

nkOfpl;l Jzpj;Jz;il 1, 2 kw;Wk; 3 gw;wpf; ghj;jpuq;fspy; cs;Ns mkpo;j;jp xU

Fwpj;j msT Neuk; itj;J ntspNa vLf;FkhW MNyhrid toq;fTk;.

Jzpj;Jz;by; gw;wpf; tu;zq;fs; rpytw;iw ,Ltjw;fhf ,sk; epw tu;zj;jpypUe;J

fLk; epw tu;zk; tiu tu;zkpLjy; Ntz;Lk; vd tpsf;Ff.

tu;zkpl;l Jzpfis ntspNa vLj;J ,sk;fhw;wpy; rpwpJ Neuk; itj;J RLePu;

ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; ,l;L mq;F nkOif mfw;w cjtTk;

mtw;iw Fspu; ePupy; fOtp> ,sq;fhw;wpy; cyu;j;jp> gpw;Rj;jk; nra;tjw;F MNyhrid

toq;fTk;.

Ranjhopy; xd;whf ,t; Kbr;rply; / gw;wpf; Kiw Mf;fj;jpy; <Lgl KbAnkdf;

$wTk; .

14

El;gf; fiyfs;


,tw;Wf;F ntspehl;ltu;fspNa mjpf Nfs;tp cs;snjd fhl;bf; nfhLf;fTk;.

Xa;T Neuj;ij gaDs;sjhfg; gad;gLj;j gw;wpf; Mf;fq;fs; nra;tJ rpwe;jnjdf;

Rl;bf;fhl;lTk;.


Kbr;rpl;Lr;rhakply;; Kiw - Tie and Dye Method

gw;wpf; Kiw - Method of Batik


Kbr;rpl;Lr;rhakply;; / gw;wpf; Kiw ,l;l Nriy> Rtu; myq;fhuk;> rhuk;> iff;Fl;il>

fjpiu ciw Nghd;w cjhuzq;fs;

gUj;jpj; Jzp

vupfhuk; (Caustic soda)

BNghy;

cg;G

neg;Njhy; mbg;gil (Base)

neg;Njhy; rhak;

Nlu;f;fp nul; vz;nza; (Turkey Red Oil)

ePu;

ghj;jpuk; 3

ngugpd; nkOF> Njd;nkOF> Fq;fpypak;

J}upif> rd;;bd;> Gdy;

rpwpa gpsh];bf; ghj;jpuq;fs; - 2

kz;nzz;nza; mLg;G

Kbr;rpLtjw;F fy; / Mzp Riu / khgps;; / KWf;F E}y; (Twine) / ehzak; /

ijay; Crp

Jzp mOj;jp



tpNrlkhd nghUl;fisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp Kbr;rpl;Lr;rhakply; /

gw;wpf; myq;fhunkhd;iwj; Jzpapd; kPJ ,Lk; Kiwia tpgupj;jy;

Kbr;rpl;Lr;rhakply; / gw;wpf; Kiw %yk; Jzp tiffs; myq;fhuk; nra;jy;.

Kbr;rpl;Lr;rhakply; Kiwf;F gy;NtW nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jp gy;NtW

myq;fhuq;fis (fhl;LU) ,l KbAnkd;gij tptupj;jy;.

15

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 3 : Gilit cw;gj;jpr; nrad;Kiwf;Fj; Njitahd jfty;fis

Ma;e;jwpe;jthW Mf;fr; nrad;Kiwapy; <LgLthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1: E}y;fSf;F ,yf;f kpLthu;

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww; NgWfs; : E}y;fis tifg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfis ,dq;fz;L ,yf;fkpLthu;.


Gilit cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; E}y;fSf;fhd ,yf;fq;fs; Fwpf;fg;gLk;

Kiwfis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJld; re;ijg;ngWkjp gw;wp tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sy;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

Njbg;ngw;w E}y; ge;J> E}y; RUs;> E}y; fsp vd;gtw;iw toq;fp> mtjhdpf;fr;

nra;tjd;%yk; ghlj;jpw;Fs; Eiof.

Gilit nea;ag;gLk;NghJ ghT E}y;> Cil E}y; njhFjpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;

jd;ik gw;wp tpdTtNjhL rpwpa Gilitj; Jz;L xd;wpd; ghT E}y;> Cil

E}y;fis gpupj;J Ntwhf;fpf; fhl;Lf.

xU fpNyhfpuhk; gUj;jpg; gQ;rpdhy; 1000 kPl;lu; ePsE}y; Kd;dpiyahf jahupf;fg;

E}y; fspfspd; vz;zpf;iff;Nfw;g Ehypd; ,yf;fk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk; tpjj;jpid

tpsf;Ff.

jdp xU ,io E}iy KWf;Ftjd; %yk; <upio E}y;> %tpio E}y;> gy;yio E}y;

Mfpad cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;s KiwiaAk; xU E}iyg; gpupj;J MuhaTk;

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.

Jzp nerTf;fiy cw;gj;jpr; nryitf; fzpg;gjw;F E}y; ,yf;fq;fs; kpfTk;

Kf;fpakhdit vd;gij nrad;KiwapD}lhf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sr; nra;f.

E}y; ,yf;fj;jpw;F Vw;g E}ypd; ePsk;> E}ypd; epiw vd;gd mikAk; vd;gtw;iw

tpsq;fpf; nfhs;syhk; vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

E}y; ,yf;fkpLtjw;fhd Neu; Kiw (Direct system)> Neupy; Kiw (Indirect system)

Mfpa ,U Kiwfs; cs;sd vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

Neupy; Kiwapy; E}y; ,yf;fkpLk; FwpaPl;LKiwfshf Mq;fpyKiw (English sys-

tem)> nkl;upf;FKiw (Metric system) Mfpa ,U Kiwfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gijf;

$Wf.

Ehw;Fk; E}y;fspd;; ,yf;fk; ”nlf;]”; vd;w KiwapYk; ehu; E}y; ,yf;fk; ”njdpau”;

Kiw> ”nj]pnjf;]”; Kiw Mfpa ,UtifapYk; ,lg;gLtJld; ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpy;

nlf;]; KiwNa gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk; tpsf;Ff.

Gilit Jz;L xd;iw toq;fp cil E}y;> ghT E}y;fspd; ePsj;ij ,dq;fhzr;

nra;f.

,yf;fq;fis ,l;l E}w;;ge;J> E}w;;fsp> E}y;rpl;il vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp> E}Yf;F

cupa ,yf;fj;ij ,dq;fhz tha;g;G toq;Fjy;.


E}y; ,yf;fkply; - Numbering of thread

njf;]; - Tecks

nj]pnjf;]; - Desitecks

njdpau; - Denier

16

El;gf; fiyfs;



,yf;fkpl;l Ehy; ge;Jfs; / Ehw;fspd; rpy.

ntt;NtW msTila Ehy; tiffs; rpy

EDf;Ff;fhl;b / iftpy;iy

Cil Ehy;> ghT Ehy;fis ,yFthf gpupj;njLf;fj;jf;f Jzpj;Jz;L.



E}y; ,yf;fkpLk; Kiwia tpsf;Fjy;

Cil E}y;> ghT E}y; vd;gtw;Wf;F ,yf;fkpLk; Kiwia ,dq;fhzy;.

EDf;Ff;fhl;b / iftpy;iyiag; gad;gLj;jp;> Cil Ehy;fs;;> ghT Ehy;fspd;

rpwg;gpay;Gfis mtjhdpj;jy;.

Glit cw;gj;jpapy; nryitf; fzpg;gpLk;NghJ E}y; ,yf;fkpliyg; gad;gLj;Jk;

tpjj;ij tpsf;Fjy;.

17

El;gf; fiyfs;




Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2: nerT rhu;e;j Mf;fq;fSf;fhd nrytpdj;ijf; fzf;fpLthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww; NgWfs; : ghTf;Fj; Njitahd ghT E}y; msitf; fzpg;ghu;.

me;eg; ghTf;F Njitahd Cil Ehy; msitf; fzpg;ghu;.


Jzp nea;Ak;NghJ ePsthf;fpy; nry;Yk; E}y;fSf;$lhf FWf;F E}iyr; nrYj;jp

nea;ag;gLtijAk;> mtw;Wf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; ghTE}y;> FWf;F E}y; msitf;

fzpg;gpLtjw;fhd mDgtj;ij toq;FtJk; nrad;Kiwapy; <LgLj;jg;gLtJk;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

1 cm (nrd;wp kPw;wu;) mfyKila 30 cm ePsKila gUj;jpj; Jzpj;Jz;il

mtjhdpf;fr; nra;tJld; JzpapYs;s CilE}y;> ghT E}y;fisg; gpupj;J Ntwhf;fp

mtjhdpf;Fk;gb nra;J ghlj;jpy; Eiof.

nkl;wpf; Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wp ghTf;Fj; Njitahd ePs;E}y;fspd; msitf; fzpg;gjw;Fr;

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.

nkl;wpf; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp ghTf;Fj; Njitahd FWf;F E}y;fspd; msitf;

fzpg;gpLtjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.

nkl;wpf; KiwiaAk;> Mq;fpy KiwiaAk; gad;gLj;jp ghTf;Fj; Njitahd ePs

E}y;fs;> FWf;F E}y;fspd; msitf; fzpg;gpLtjw;fhd gapw;rpfis toq;Ff.

mt;thwhd Kiwfspy; me;je;j re;ju;g;gj;Jf;Fupa #j;jpuj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gf.

ghTf;Fj; Njitahd E}y; fspfspd; msitf; fzpg;gpLtjw;fhd #j;jpuq;fSf;F

Vw;g fzpjg; gapw;rpfis toq;Ff.

gapw;rpfspy; <LgLj;Jf.


ghT - Warp

ghT E}y; - Warp yarn

Cil E}y; - Weft yarn


ghT E}y;> Cil E}y;fis vd;gtw;iw ,yFthf Ntwhf;ff;$ba tifapyhd 30

cm ePs Jzpj; Jz;L

msTNfhy;

fj;jpupf;Nfhy;

#j;jpuq;fis cs;slf;fpa njspthd tpsf;fg;glk;.



xU ghtpYs;s ghT E}y;> Cil E}y;fspd; vz;zpf;iffis fzpj;jy.;

cupa #j;jpuj;jpy; mtw;iw gpujpaPL nra;jy;.

jug;gl;l juTfspd;gb nryitr; rupahff; fzpg;gply;

ghTf;Fj; Njitahd E}y;fspd; epiw> ePsk;> fspfspd; vz;zpf;if vd;gtw;wpd;

msitf; fzpg;gpLk; jpwidg; ngwy;.

18

El;gf; fiyfs;




Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.3: nerTj; jwptiffis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww; NgWfs; : nerTj; jwptiffisAk; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; Jizr;rhjdq;fisAk;

ngaupLthu;


Gilit nea;Ak; ,ae;jpu tiffis mwpe;Jnfhs;tJld; gwf;Fk; ehlhj;jwpnahd;iw

(Fly Shuttle Loom)tiue;J mjd; gFjpfSf;Fg; ngaupLtNj ,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

tiy gpd;dY}lhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gy;NtW nerT ,ae;jpuq;fspd; xspg;glq;fisf;

nfhz;l D.V.D fhl;rpia ghu;f;f re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fp my;yJ ,ae;jpuq;fspd;

xspg;glq;fisf; fhl;Ltjd;%yk; ,ae;jpu tiffis ,dq;fhl;Lf.

Nkir ,ae;jpuk;> vspa ,ae;jpuk;> gwf;Fk; ehlh jwp;> tYj;jwp vd;gtw;iwj; Jzp

nea;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w rpy ifj;jwpfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd vd;gij

tpsf;fTk;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l jwpfspd; nraw;ghL gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.

nghwpj; Jizg;ghfq;fisAk; mtw;wpd; nraw;ghLfisAk; tpsf;Ff.

ghupa njhopw;rhiyfspy; gad;gLk; kpd;rf;jpapdhy; ,aq;Ffpd;w kpd;jwpfs; mtw;wpd;

Jizg;ghfq;fs; gw;wp tpsf;fkspf;Ff.

gwf;F ehlh jwpia tiue;J gFjpfSf;Fg; ngaupLtjw;F khztu;fSf;Fr;

re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fTk;.

ifj;jwp nerTj; njhopw;rhiynahd;iwg; ghu;itapLkhW khztu;fSf;F mwpT+l;lTk;.


ifj;jwp; - Hand loom machine

kpd; jwp - Power loom machine


gwf;F ehlh jwp

nerTj; njhopy; ifj;jwp tiffspd; tiuglq;fs;

D.V.D fhl;rp (ifj;jwp tiuglq;fs; cl;gl)

ngupjhf;fp tiue;J gwf;Fehlhf; ifj;jwpapd; Jizg;ghfq;fSf;F ngauplg;gl;l

tiuglk;.



Gilit nea;jypd;NghJ gy;NtW jwptifg; gad;ghl;by; cs;s rpwg;gk;rq;fis

tpgupj;jy;.

jwpg; gFjpfisAk; Jizg;ghfq;fisAk; ngauply;

Jizg; ghfq;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp tpgupj;jy;

ghupa njhopw;rhiyfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kpd; jwpfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis tptupj;jy;.

19

El;gf; fiyfs;




Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.4: cw;gj;jpf;Fj; Jizahff; nfhs;sg;gLk; cgfuzj; njhFjpia

tptupg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww; NgWfs; : E}y; Rw;Wk; cgfuzjijg; ngaupLthu;.

ghNthly; cgfuzq;fis ngaupLthu;.


Jzpfis nea;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w E}y; Rw;Wk; cgfuzj; njhFjpfis

,dq;fz;L E}w;Rw;Wjy;> ghNthLjy; njhlu;ghd mDgtk; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ ,jpy;


E}w; Rw;Wk; kw;wk; cgfuzj; njhFjpfis khztu;fSf;F fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;.

D.V.D fhl;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp mjd; nraw;ghLfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gj;ij

toq;fTk;.

E}y; Rw;WUisAk;> epiyahbiaAk; rupahf itj;J mjd; nraw;ghl;ilr; nra;J

fhl;lTk;.

Jbf;fl;il> jhu; Fr;Rfspd; tiffis tbtj;jpw;F Vw;g mwpKfQ; nra;J mt;tbtk;

mt;thW miktjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; tpsf;fTk;.

E}y; fspia epiyahbapy; nghUj;jp E}y; rpf;FwhjthW Nky; ,ioiaAk; fPo;

,ioiaAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Kiwiaf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jTk;.

Rw;wp Kbf;fg;gl;l Jbf;fl;ilapd; tbtKk; Rw;wp Kbe;j jhu;Fr;rpd; tbtKk;

vt;thW mika Ntz;Lk; vd;gij fhl;rpg;gLj;jp mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; $wTk;.

Rw;Wk; cgfuzj; njhFjpiag; gad;gLj;jp E}y; Rw;Wk; nray;Kiwapy; <LgLtjw;F

khztu;fSf;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;fTk;.

E}y; Rw;wpa Jbf;fl;ilfis Fow;glypy; mLf;Ftijr; nra;Jfhl;Lf.

Cil E}y;fisg; gpzpr;rl;lj;jpd; Clhf ,Ue;J Xu; myFf;F (nrt;tfj;Jf;F)

Njitahd E}y;fisr; Nru;j;J Kbr;rpLjiyr; nra;Jfhl;Lf.

Kbr;rpl;l E}y; myif ghNthL ,lj;jpy; Rw;Wk; tpjj;ijr; nra;Kiwapy; fw;fr;

re;ju;g;gkspf;Ff.

mt;thwhfj; Jzpapd; mfyk; G+u;j;jpahFk; tiuapy; E}y; myFfis (nrt;tfq;fis)

ghNthL ,lj;jpy; Rw;Wtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspf;Ff.

E}y; Rw;Wtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzj; njhFjpapd; tupg;glq;fis tiutjw;Fr;

re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fTk; .

ghupa mstpyhd Jzp cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ gad;gLj;Jk; cgfuzq;fis tupg;glq;fs;

%yk; tpsf;fTk;.


E}y; Rw;WUis / E}w;FQ; rpy;Y / ,uhl;bdk; - Winding

epiyahbAk; jhq;fpAk; - Swift

Jbf;fl;il - Bobbin

20

El;gf; fiyfs;


jhu;Fr;rp - Pirn

#ow;gly; - Creel.

; gpzpr;rl;lk; - Hack

ghNthL Flk; - Warping drum


E}y; Rw;WUis> epiyahb> epiyahb jhq;fp> Jbf;fl;il> jhu;Fr;rp> mkUk; thq;F.

#ow;gly;> gpzppr;rl;lk;> ghNthLFlk;.

E}y; Rw;Wk; nraw;ghL mlq;fpa DVD fhl;rp / glq;fs; / xspg;glq;fs;

E}w; fsp> E}w; $k;G



Rw;Wk; cgfuzj;njhFjpia ,dq;fz;L rupahF mikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

Jbf;fl;iliaAk; jhu;Fr;irAk; rupahd tbtj;jpy; Rw;Wjy;.

ghNthLk; cgfuzj; njhFjpia rupahfg; gad;gLj;jy;.

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l cgfuzj;njhFjpfspd; Jizg;ghfq;fspd; nraw;ghLfis tpsf;fkhf

tpgupf;fTk;.

21

El;gf; fiyfs;




Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.5: nerTf; Nfhyq;fis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww; NgWfs; : rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf; Nfhyj;ij tiuGgLj;Jthu;.


rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf; Nfhyq;fis tiff;F Vw;g tiuGj;jhspy; tiue;J fljhrpf;

fPyq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp vy;yh tifahd rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf; Nfhyq;fisAk;

tiue;J ml;ltiznahd;iwj; (Chart)jahupf;f toptif nra;tNj ,jpy;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf;Nfhyj;jpdhy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l khjpupfis mtjhdpg;gjw;F

khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fTk;.

rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf;Nfhyj;jpy; MWtiffs; cs;sd vd;gij njspTgLj;jTk;

(rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT> $u; rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT> KwpTr; rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT> itur;

rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT> RUs; rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT> miyr; rupTf; Nfhl;L nerT)

myq;fhur; rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf; Nfhyj;jpy; ,uz;L tiffs; cs;sd vd;gij

tpsf;fTk;. (nfhST nerT (Huck a back weave) Njd; $l;L nerT (Honey comb

weave)

rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT ,U re;ju;g;gq;fspy; xd;Wf;F ,iztjdhy; Nru;;e;j rupTf;Nfhl;L

nerTf;Nfhyk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLtij khjpupahff; fhl;b Kd;itf;fTk;.

NtW VjhtJ rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf;Nfhyk; ,uz;L my;yJ gy xd;W Nru;tjdhy;

myq;fhur; rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; Kiwia tpsf;fTk;.

A4 tu;zf; fljhrpj; jhisg; gad;gLj;jp> khztu; FOf;fs; xt;nthU rupTf;Nfhl;L

nerTf;Nfhyj;jpd; tiffisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F cjtpnra;aTk;.

vy;yh rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf; Nfhyj;jpd; tiffisAk; xd;WNru;j;J

ml;ltiz (Chart) jahupg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fTk;.


nerTf; Nfhyq;fs; - Weaving desings


rupTf; Nfhl;Lf; Nfhyq;fs; ,ilg;gl;l rpy khjpupfs;.

rupTf; Nfhl;Lf; Nfhyq;fs; ,ilg;gl;l rpy rpwpa Ngiofs;.

A4 tu;zf;fljhrp

igz;lu; gir

msTNfhy;

fj;jupf;Nfhy;

gu;];ly; ml;il

ngd;rpy;

22

El;gf; fiyfs;



gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;Sq;;fs;.

rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf; Nfhyj;jpd; NfhL nry;Yk; Kiwfisg; gw;wpf; ftdk; nrYj;Jf.

Nru;e;j rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT> myq;fhu rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT> vspa rupTf;Nfhl;L nerT

kw;Wk; Vida rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf;Nfhyq;fspd; fyg;G %yk; cUthFk; Kiwia

mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.

Nfhyj;jpw;F Vw;g fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l nerTf;Nfhyq;fis ,dq;fz;L ngauply;

nray;Kiwahf rupTf;Nfhl;L nerTf;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

23

El;gf; fiyfs;




Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 3.6: vspa nerTg; nghwpiag; gad;gLj;jp Nkir tpupg;Gf;fs; (Table mat)nerT nra;thu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 08

fw;ww; NgWfs; : cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp E}y;; Rw;Wthu;.

cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; ghTfs;.

E}iy jwpapyikj;J nerT nra;thu;.


E}y; Rw;Wjy;> E}y; ghTjy;> jwpapyikj;jy; %yk; Nkir fhg;Gj;Jz;L nea;tNj

,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Njitahd cgfuzq;fis mwpKfQ; nra;f.

ghT E}w; FQ;R / Jbf;fl;il / jhu;f;Foy;gly; (Bobbin Creel)

E}w;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; tpNrlkhd Kbr;Rf;fs; cs;snjd mtw;iwr; nra;J

fhl;ly; %yk; Kd;itf;Ff.

xU nrd;wp kPw;wUf;F Njitahd ghT E}w;fspd; msit Rw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F

MNyhrid toq;fTk;.

Nfhyj;jpw;F Vw;g ghT E}w;rhiyr; Rw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd tpsq;fitf;fTk;.

ghT E}w; Fr;rp rl;lj;Jf;Fk;/ jhu;f;Fow; ngl;bf;Fk; (Bobbin box) gpzpr;rl;lj;jpw;Fk;

,ilapy; 150 nrd;wp kPw;wu; J}uk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpzpr; rl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp E}w; rpl;ilfis xOq;F Kiwahf rpf;FwhJ ghT

jz;by; Rw;Wyhk; vd;gij tpsf;fTk;.

E}nyhd;W mWe;jTld; gpzpr;rl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp mjid clNd mwpe;J

nfhs;syhk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

gpzpr; rl;lj;jpdhy;; ,Oj;jjd; gpd;G rPu;nra;ag;gLk; vd;gijr; nra;J fhl;b tpsf;fTk;.

gpzpr;rl;lk; Clhf gpizaikj;j E}y; rpl;;ilfis (myF) cupathW ngWtjw;F

ghNthL Flj;jpy; Rw;wpf; nfhs;sg;gLk; vd tpsf;fp nraw;ghl;il nra;J fhl;lTk;.

gpzpr;rl;lj;Jf;Fk;; ghNthL Flj;jpw;F kpilapyhd J}uk; gw;wp tpsf;fTk;

ghNthL Flj;jpd; Rw;wsT ngUk;ghYk; %d;W ahu; MFk; vd;gij mwptjw;fhf

mjid mse;J ghu;g;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fTk;.

ghT E}iy mfyj;jpw;F Vw;g ghNthL Flj;jpd; kj;jpapy; mikAkhW rkepiyg;gLj;J

-tJ Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jTk;.

jahu;nra;J nfhz;l ghTE}iy ghTj;Jz;by; Rw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;Fr; nra;aTk;.

ghTj;jz;Lf;F Rw;wpf; nfhs;sg;gl;l ghT E}iy nghwpapyikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

tpOJfspdhYk; rPg;Gf;fspdhYk; E}w;fis ,Oj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.

ghTE}ypiy Mil Rw;Wj; jz;bf;F nghUj;JtijAk; Nfhyj;jpw;F Vw;g kPjp>

FWf;F Nfhy;fs; (CLnry;Nfhy;)> Nghd;wtw;iw Kbr;rpLk;; Kiwiar; nra;J

fhl;lTk;.

nea;aj; njhlq;fp> Jzp nea;ag;gLk; Kiwf;F mika Nfhyj;ij ,dq;fhz;gjw;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;fTk;.

24

El;gf; fiyfs;



E}y; ghNthLjy; - Warping

jz;by; Ehy; Rw;Wjy; - Beaming

jwpapyikj;jy;; - Looming

nerT nra;jy; - Weaving


Rw;Wk; cgfuzj; njhFjp

ghTk;; cgfuzj; njhFjp

nerT jwpAk;; mjw;Fupa Jizg;ghfq;fs;

ghT E}y;> Cil E}y; (Njitahd tu;zq;fspy;)

E}y; ,Of;Fk; Crp

gpizaikg;Gf;fhd fapW gpizaik Nfhy;fs;

nra;jpj;jhs;fs; rpy

gUj;jpapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l fapW

45 nrd;wp kPw;wu; mb ePskhd 3 nrd;wp kPw;wu; tpl;lKila cUis tbt jbfs; -

02



E}y; Rw;Wjy;> ghNthL;> jwpapyikj;jy;;> nerT nra;jy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfisr;

rupahf tpgupj;jy;.

ghTE}iy ghNthLtJ njhlf;fk; Gilitia nerT nra;jy; tiu nrad;Kiwahfr;

nra;J fhl;Ljy;.

Jizg; ghfq;fis cupa Kiwapy ;rupahfg; nghUj;Jjy;

25

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 4 : fspia ,dq;fz;L Mf;fq;fs;; nra;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1: fl;bnaOg;gy; Kiwapy; fspkz; ghz;lq;fis cUthf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 04

fw;ww; NgWfs; : tidNthd; rpy;iyg; gad;gLj;jp fspkz; ghz;lq;fis

cUthf;Fthu;.


gjg;gl;lj;jg;gl;l fspkz;izg; gad;gLj;jp tidjw; rpy;ypd; cjtpAld; cUis

tbtg; (rpypz;lu;) G+j;jhop (Vase) tbtikg;gjd;%yk; fl;bnaOg;gy; Kiw gw;wpa

mDgtj;ij toq;FtNj vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

fl;bnaOg;gy;Kiw %yk; Mf;fg;gl;l kl;ghz;lq;fs; rpytw;iw Kd;itj;J

khztiumtjhdpf;fr; nra;f.

kz;ghz;lq;fis tbtikf;Fk;NghJ tidjw;rpy;iyg; gad;gLj;jp cUthf;Fjiy

fl;bnaOg;gy;Kiw vd mwpKfQ; nra;f.

fl;bnaOg;gy;Kiw %yk; tl;l cUis tbthd kl;ghz;lq;fis khj;jpuNk

tbtikf;f KbAk; vd;gij khztu;f;F tpsf;Ff.

cau;juj;jpyhd kl;ghz;lq;fis tbtikg;gjw;fhf ed;F gjkhf;fg;gl;l fspkz;

gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd tpsf;fkspf;Ff.

fl;bnaOg;gw; nrad;Kiw gy gbKiwfspy; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd tpsf;Ff.

mtw;Wf;fika fl;bnaOg;gypid Nkw;nfhs;sr; nra;f.

1. gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l fspkz; jpuisia tidNthd; rpy;ypd; Nky; itj;jy;

2. fspkz; jpuisia ikag;gLj;jy;

3. ,ioaikg;igg; ngwy;

4. fspkz; jpuisiaj; jpwj;jy;

5. ghz;lj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gy;

6. fspkz; ghz;lj;ijf; cUtikj;Jf; fl;bnaOg;gy;

7. tha;g;gFjpia ntl;Ljy;.

8. kl;ghz;lj;jpd; tha;g; gFjpia cUg;gLj;jy;;

9. kl;ghz;lj;ij tidNthd;; rpy;ypypUe;J ngau;j;jy;.

10.kl;ghz;lj;ij tidNthd;; rpy;ypypUe;J mg;Gwg;gLj;jy;.

tidNthd; rpy;iyr; ifahs;tjw;fhff; iffis ed;F gof;fpf;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;

vd tpsf;fp Ntiyapy; <Lglr; nra;f.

fl;bnaOg;gy; gbKiwfis xOq;fhfg; gpd;gw;wp rupahfg; kl;ghz;lnkhd;iw

fl;bnaOg;g re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.


tidNthd;; rpy;Y - Potter’s Wheel

fl;bnaOg;gy; - Wheel work

26

El;gf; fiyfs;



gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l fspkz;

if tidNthd;; rpy;Y / kpjp tidNthd;; rpy;Y

ePu;g;ghj;jpuk;

Gilitj;Jz;L

flw;gQ;Rj; Jz;L (Sponge)

typikahd E}y; / nky;ypa fk;gpj; Jz;L.

30cm x 30cm x 1cm msTila gyifj;Jz;L.



tidNthd;rpy;iy ,af;Fk; jpwd;

fl;bnaOg;gy; gbKiwfs; %yk; kl;ghz;lj;ij epUkhzpj;jy;

rPuhd jbg;gpy; kl;ghz;lj;jpd; Rtiuf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

kl;ghz;lj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ij ruptu cWjpg;gLj;jp mikj;jy;

tidNthd;; rpy;ypypUe;J kl;ghz;lj;ijg; ngau;j;J mg;Gwg;gLj;Jk; tpjk;

27

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 4 : fspia ,dq;fz;L Mf;fq;fs; jahupg;ghu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.2: fspkz; ghz;lq;fis kPs cUthf;Ftjw;fhd mr;Rfisj;

jahupg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 04

fw;ww; NgW : fspkz; ghz;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd mr;Rfs; jahupg;ghu;.

jahupj;j mr;Rf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; ghz;lq;fs; nra;thu;.


mr;Rfisg; gad;gLj;jp xj;j jd;ikAs;s ghtidg; nghUl;fis mjpf

vz;zpf;ifapy; jahupf;fyhk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff> thug;Gfy; fyit fspkz; jfL

vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ghtidg; nghUl;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd jpwid

toq;Ftjw;fhf> mr;Rf;fis cw;gj;jp nra;J nra;Kiw nraw;ghLfspy; <Lglr;

re;ju;g;gkspg;gNj ,q;F vjpughu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

gy;NtW tbt mr;Rf;fs; rpytw;iw fhl;rpg;GLj;Jf.

mr;Rf;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fg;gl;l ghtidg; nghUl;fs; rpytw;iwAk; Kd;itj;J

khztiu mtjhdpf;fr; nra;f.

mr;irj; jahupg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd khjpup mr;R xd;W ,Ug;gjd; mtrpaj;ij

tpsf;Ff.

mr;Rf;fis tifg;gLj;jy; gw;wp khztUf;F tpsf;Ff.

mr;Rf;fis (vspikahd mr;R> rpf;fyhd mr;R / kuj;jhyhd mr;R> cNyhf mr;R>

fspkz; mr;R> gupRr;rhe;J mr;R Nghd;wit)

thu;g;G KiwfSf;F mika mr;Rfspd; tifg;gLj;jy; gw;wp tpsf;fkspf;Ff.

1. FopT thu;g;G mr;R / nghs;shd thu;g;G mr;R

2. jpz;k thu;g;G mr;R

kl;ghz;lf; ifj;njhopypy; mr;Rfisj; jahupg;gjw;F nghJthf gupRr;rhe;Nj

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vd tpsf;Ff.

mr;Rfisj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ gpd;tUk; xOq;FKiw njhlu;ghff; ftdk;

nrYj;jNtz;Lk; vdf; fye;JiuahLf.

1. mr;RfSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd xU khjpupiaj; njupe;njLj;jy;

2. Rw;WNtyp mikj;jy;

3. mr;ir ,yFthf Ntwhf;Ftjw;fhd G+r;rpidg; G+Rjy; (rtu;f;fhuk;> fpwPR> vz;nza;)

4. gupRr;rhe;Jf; fyitiaj; jahupj;jy;

5. khjpupiatpl> gupRr;rhe;Jf; fyitia 4 cm caukhf mikAkhW Cw;Wjy;

6. fyit ,Wf;fkile;J mr;R cUthtjw;F 20 - 25 epkplq;fs; tiu itj;jpUj;jy;

7. mr;ir ntspNa vLj;jy;

8. mr;rpidg; G+uzg;gLj;jy;

nghUj;jkhd khjpupnahd;wpidf; nfhz;L vspikahd mr;R xd;iwj; jahupf;f

topfhl;Lf.

mr;irg; gad;gLj;jp nghs;shd thu;g;G> jpz;k thu;g;G Mfpa Kiwfspy; ahNjDk;

ghtidg; nghUis Mf;Ftjw;F tha;g;ig toq;Ff.

28

El;gf; fiyfs;



nghs;shd thu;g;G - Hollow Casting

jpz;kTU thu;g;G - Solid Casting


gupRr;rhe;J> gjg;gLj;jpa fsp> rtu;f;fhuf; fiury; / fpwPR

fhl;Nghu;l;> ,wg;gu; ehlh> cNyhfkupAk; ths; (Hack saw blade)

gpshj;jpf;Fg; ghj;jpuq;fs;> gyifj; Jz;L

nra;Jfhl;lYf;fhf ghtidg;nghUs; xd;W



mr;Rf;fisj; jahupj;jYf;fhd khjpupAUitg; nghUj;jkhdthW jahupj;jy;

mr;R jahupf;Fk; gbKiwfisr; rupahd xOq;fpy; nra;jy;

mr;Rf;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ghtidg; nghUisj; jahupf;fg; nghUj;jkhd

Kiwnahd;iwj; njupe;njLj;J ghtidg; nghUis Mf;Fjy;

29

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 4 : fspia ,dq;fz;L Mf;fq;fis nra;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.3: RLtjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; #is tiffis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 02

fw;ww; NgWfs; : #is tiffisg; ngaupLthu;.

#isj; Jizr; rhjdq;fis tptupg;ghu;.

me;je;jr; #is tiff;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vupnghUs; tifiag;

ngaupLthu;.


kz;ghz;lq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;F Vw;wepiyf;F cl;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Rl;nlLj;jy;

mj;jpahtrpakhdJ vd;gijAk; mjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; #is tiffs;> #isapd;

Jizr;rhjdq;fs;> #isf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vupnghUs; tiffs; vd;gtw;iw

khztu;fs; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJk; glk; tiue;J ngaupLtJNk vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

Rlhj ghj;jpuq;fs; rpytw;iwAk;> Rl;l ghj;jpuq;fs; rpytw;iwAk; khztu;

mtjhdpg;gjw;F Kd;itj;jy;

kl;ghz;lq;fisr; RLk;NghJ fspkz;zpy; cs;s ,urhaduPjpahfr; Nru;e;Js;s

ePUk; ,aw;ifahf fspkz;zpy; mlq;fpAs;s ePUk; mfw;wg;gLnkd tpsf;Ff.

kl;ghz;lq;fisr; RLtjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; #is tiffis ,dq;fhzr; nra;f.

RLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; #is tiffspDs; eilngWk; nrad;Kiwfis

mwpe;Jnfhs;sr; nra;f.

RLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; #isfspd; njhopw;ghLfis mtw;wpd; tupg;glq;fSld;

jdpj;jdpNa khztUf;F tpsf;Ff.

#isfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vupnghUs; tiffis tpsf;Ff.

kl;ghz;lq;fis #isapy; mLf;Fjy; Kjw;nfhz;L kl;ghz;lq;fisr; Rl;L vLf;Fk;

tiuahd nrad;Kiwfisg; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.

Rlg;gLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; #isapd; Jizr;rhjdq;fis ,dq;fhzr;nra;J

mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfisg; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.


#is - Kiln

#isapd; Jizr; rhjdk; - Kiln items


#is tiffs;> kw;Wk; #isapd; Jizr;rhjdq;fspd; fl;Gy rhjdq;fs; (glq;fs;>

xspg;glq;fs;)

#isapd; njhopw;ghl;ilf; fhl;Lk; ,Wtl;L (DVD)



kl;ghz;lq;fisr; RLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; #is tiffisg; ngaupLjy;

#isapd; tupg;glj;ij tiue;J gFjpfSf;Fg; ngau; Fwpj;jy;

kl;ghz;lq;fisr; Rl;nlLf;Fk; nrad;Kiwfs; gw;wpr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;fkspj;jy;

#isapd; Jizr;rhjdq;fisg; ngaupLjy;

30

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 4 : fspia ,dq;fz;L Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 4.4: fspkz; ghz;lq;fSf;F myq;fhukpLk; Kiwfis ,dq;fz;L

ifahz;L ghu;g;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 06

fw;ww; NgWfs; : ghuk;gupa kw;Wk; etPd myq;fupg;G Kiwfisg; ngaupLthu;

Rl;l fspkz;ghz;lq;fSf;F gy;NtW Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp

myq;fhukpLthu;.


gy;NtW myq;fhu Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp kl;ghz;lq;fis myq;fhuk; nra;jy;

gw;wp mDgtq;fis toq;FtNj vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

gy;NtW Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp myq;fupg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;l kl;ghz;lq;fs; rpytw;iw

khztu;f;F toq;fp mtw;iw mtjhdpf;fr; nra;f.

nkU$l;lg;gl;l (Glazed) kl;ghz;lq;fSf;Fk;> gr;irahfr; Rl;l (Buiscut firing)

kl;ghz;lq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghl;il ,dq;fhzr; nra;f.

kl;ghz;l myq;fupg;Gf;fhd kpfr;rpwe;j Kiw nkU$l;lyhFk; vd;gij khztu;fSf;F

tpsf;Ff.

Ez;Jisnfhz;l kl;ghz;lq;fs; nkU$l;ba gpd;dNu ,Wf;fkhd Ez;Jisaw;w

ghz;lq;fshf khw;wk;ngWk; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

gy;NtW Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp kl;ghz;lq;fis myq;fhuk; nra;a KbAk;

vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

kl;ghz;l myq;fhuj;jpd;NghJ myq;fhu Kiwf;F Vw;w nghUj;jkhd

kl;ghz;lq;fisj; njupTnra;a cjTf.

cau;juj;jpyhd myq;fhu epUkhzq;fSf;F tu;zg; nghUj;jg;ghl;Lld; rpwe;j

Kbg;Gk; mtrpak; vd;gij khztu;f;F tpsf;Ff.


kl;ghz;l myq;fupg;G - Pottery dacoration

nkU$l;ly; - Glazing


Rlg;gl;l kl;ghz;lq;fs; rpy

muj;jhs;

tu;zr;rhak;

gir

ifahSk; myq;fupg;G Kiwf;Nfw;g> Njitahd NtWnghUl;fs;



myq;fupg;Gr;; nra;Ak; Kiwf;F Vw;g nghUj;jkhf kl;ghz;lj;ijj; njupTnra;jy;

myq;fhuj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tu;zq;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;

cau; juj;jpyhd Mf;fj;ij epUkhzpj;jy;

31

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 5 : myq;fhu Mf;fq;fspy; <LgLthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 5.1: tpohnthd;Wf;fhd g+ myq;fhuq;fs; Mf;Fthu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 06

fw;ww; NgWfs; : g+f;fshyhd myq;fhu Mf;fq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fisg;

ngaupLthu;.

nghUj;jkhdthW g+f;fspdhyhd Mf;fnkhd;iw Mf;Fthu;.


,aw;ifahd> nraw;ifahd kyu;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gy;NtW itgtgq;fSf;Nfw;g

kyu;r;nrz;Lfs;> Nkir myq;fupg;Gfs;> gpurq;f Nkil> kq;fytpsf;F> G+khiyfs;

Mfpa Mf;fq;fspy; <LgLtjw;F re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;FtNj vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

mt;thwhd myq;fhu Mf;fq;fis mtjhdpg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspj;jy;> mjw;fhf

nraw;ifahd> ,aw;ifahd kyu;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fg;gl;l kyu;r;nrz;Lfs;>

Nkir myq;fhuq;fs;> gpurq;f Nkil myq;fhuq;fs;> kq;fstpsf;Ff;fhd myq;fhuk;>

G+khiyfs; Mfpa fhl;rpfs; cs;slf;fpa tPbNahf; fhl;rpfis> (DVD) / xspg;glq;fis

ghu;itaplr; nra;jy;

kyu; myq;fhuq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fisg; ngauplr; nra;f.

gy;NtW kyu; myq;fhuq;fspw;nfdg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba rpwg;ghd kyu; tiffisg;

ngauplr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.

kyu;xOq;fikg;Gf;nfd Njitahd nghUl;fs;> cgfuzq;fisg; ngaupl cjTf.

,aw;if> nraw;if kyu;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ fpilf;Fk; ed;ik> jPikfisg;

gl;baw;gLj;jr; nra;f.

,aw;if> kyu;fis ePz;lfhyk; NgZk; Kiwfs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.

kyu;r; nrz;LfSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd kyu;xOq;fikg;G Kiwfis ,dq;fhz

cjtpnra;f.

kyu; xOq;fikg;gpd;NghJ Njitahd Jizg;gFjpfis ,izf;Fk; Kiwfis

Kd;itf;Ff. (G+nkhl;Lfs;> kyu;fs;> ,iyfs;> G+q;nfhj;Jf;fs;> Nfruq;fs; Nghd;wd)

kzkfspd; Njhopf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd xU kyu;r; nrz;L jahupf;f cjtpnra;f.

G+Q;nrz;il xUq;FNru;f;Fk; tpjj;ijr; nra;Jfhl;Lf.

Nkir myq;fhuj;jpw;fhf kyu; myq;fhuj;ij xOq;Fnra;Ak; Kiwia Kd;itf;Ff.

jpUkz itgtnkhd;wpd;NghJ Nkir myq;fhuj;jpy; <LgLtjw;F topfhl;Lf.

itgtj;jpw;fhf kq;fs tpsf;fpid myq;fhuk; nra;Ak; Kiwfis Kd;itf;Ff.

jpUkz itgtnkhd;wpd;NghJ kq;fstpsf;F myq;fhuk; xd;iw Mf;Ftjw;F

topfhl;Lf.

tpNrl mjpjp xUtiu tuNtw;Fk; nghUl;Lg; G+khiy xd;iw epUkhzpf;Fk; Kiwia

Kd;itf;Ff.

nghUj;jkhd G+khiynahd;W jahupf;f khztu;f;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspf;Ff.


kyu; myq;fupg;Gfs; - Flower Decorations

32

El;gf; fiyfs;



kyu; myq;fhuq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; tPbNah ,Wtl;Lfs; (DVD)

G+uzg;gLj;jg;gl;l kyu; xOq;F myq;fupg;Gf;fs; rpy

fk;gp 18g

gir ehlh - Gum tape

nky;ypa fk;gp

gQ;R

iff;FwL

Njkh G+ (myup) myupg; G+f;fs;> nkhl;Lf;fs;

gd;d ,iy (Fern leaf)

gidNahiy> fpj;Js; Xiy

rtu;f;fhuf; fiury;

cyu;e;j ];nghQ;r; Jz;L (flw;gQ;R)

%q;fpw; rpW $ilfs; / gpug;gq; rpW$il

gy;NtW myq;fupg;Gg; nghUl;fs; (nky;ypa kuf; Fr;rpfs;;)

fj;jupf;Nfhy;



gy;NtW itgtq;fspd;NghJ kyu; myq;fupg;Gf;fs; nra;Ak; tpjj;jpid tpsf;Fjy;

mofpa kyu; myq;fupg;Gf;fSf;fhfg; gadg;Lj;Jtjw;Nfw;w ntt;NtW Clfq;fs;

gw;wpa msT

re;ju;g;gj;Jf;Nfw;w tpjj;jpy; kyu; myq;fhuq;fis epUkhzpj;jy;

juj;Jf;F mikthdjhf ,Uj;jy;

33

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 5 : myq;fhu Mf;fq;fspy; <LgLthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 5.2: gy;NtW Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp nraw;if Mguzq;fis

epUkhzpg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 06

fw;ww; NgWfs; : mzpfyd;fisj; jahupf;f nghUj;jkhd Clfq;fisg;

ngaupLthu;.

gy;NtW Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp mzpfyd;fisj; jahupg;ghu;.

(eldj;Jf;F mtrpakhdit Nghd;wit)


gy;NtW Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp fOj;J Mguzq;fs;> if Mguzq;fs;> Nriy

nrUF Crp (Brooch) Nghd;w nraw;ifahd Mgfuzq;fis tbtikg;gNj


gy;NtW Clfq;fspdhyhf;fg;gl;l Mguzq;fs; gytw;iw khztu;fs; mtjhdpg;gjw;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;fpg; ghlj;jpw;Fs; Eiof.

nraw;if Mguzq;fis mzpe;J nry;yf;$ba nghUj;jkhd itgtq;fs; njhlu;ghf

khztUld; fye;JiuahLf.

gy;NtW tpjkhd nraw;if Mguzq;fs; jw;fhyj;jpy; ngUk; tuNtw;igg; ngw;Ws;sik

gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.

kzpfisg; gad;gLj;jp Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspy; rk kzpfis Nfhu;f;Fk; Kiwfis

Kd;itf;Ff.

mt;thwhd Kiwapd; %yk; fOj;jzp xd;iw tbtikg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.

kzpfisg; gad;gLj;jp fOj;jzp jahupg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd NtW nghUl;fis

,dq;fhzr; nra;f.

fOj;jzp xd;iwj; jahupg;gjw;F cjtp nra;f.

ghz; kh> Nrhskh vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp fyit jahupg;gjw;F cjtp nra;f.

ghz; kh> Nrhskh kh vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp tisay;> Nriy Crp jahupg;gjw;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Ff.

if tisay; / rhup Crp Nghd;wtw;iw Mf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd NtW nghUl;fs;

gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.

nraw;ifahfj; jahupf;fg;gl;l Mguzq;fis ePz;lfhyk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhff;

ifahsg;gLk; Kiwfs; gw;wp tpsf;fkspj;jy;.

tu;zq;fisAk; Nfhyq;fisAk; nghUj;jkhdthW gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jkJ

Njitf;Nfw;g Mguzq;fisj; jahupf;f KbAk; vd;gij tpsf;Fjy;.

nraw;if Mguzq;fis mzptJ jkJ jdpg;gl;l ghJfhg;Gf;Fr; rhjfkhdJ

vd;gij tpsf;Ff.


mzpfyd;fs; - jewellery

34

El;gf; fiyfs;



jahupj;J Kbf;fg;gl;l nraw;if Mguzq;fs; rpy

xU ehs; gpe;jpa (gioa) ghz; / Nrhskh

igd;lu; gir

neg;jypd; cUz;ilfs;

epwg;nghUl;fs;

kzpfs; (ntt;NtW epwq;fspy;)

Crp

ieNyhd; E}y;

nfhSf;fpfs;> G+l;Lfs;

fhg;G+rp



mzpfyd;fisj; jahupf;Fk; gy;NtW Clfq;fisg; ngaupl;L tpsf;Fjy;

gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Vw;g Gjpa Mf;fq;fisj; jahupf;f KbAk; vd;gij

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

ntt;NtW Clfq;fisf;nfhz;L Mguzq;fis cUthf;Fjy;

fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g mzpfyd;fs; NtWgLtJ njhlu;ghf tpNrl ftdQ; nrYj;Jjy;

ePz;lfhyg; ghtid kPJ nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs; kPJ ftdQ; nrYj;Jjy;

35

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 6 : nkd;ikahd tpisahl;Lg; nghk;ik Mf;Fthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 6.1: ntl;Lg; Gilitj; Jz;Lfshy; Mf;fk; nra;thu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 06

fw;ww; NgWfs; : nkd;ikahd tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhf

nghUj;jkhd Jzptifiag; nghUj;jkhd tu;zj;jpy;

njupTnra;thu;.

nkd;ikahd tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fis epu;khzpf;Fk;NghJ

rupahd khjpupAUit jahu;nra;J nfhs;thu;.

tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fisj; jahupf;Fk;NghJ gytpj ijay;

Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

Gilitj;Jz;Lfisg; gad;gLj;jp nry;yg;gpuhzp cUf;fs;

Mf;Fthu;.


fopTj; Jzpj; Jz;Lfspy; nghUj;jkhf tu;zq;fisg; nghUj;jpaikj;J nry;yg;gpuhzp

cUtq;fisj; jahupj;jy; njhlu;ghd mDgtq;fis toq;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

jahupj;J Kbg;G nra;ag;gl;l nkd;ikahd tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs; rpytw;iwf;

fhl;rpg;gLj;jp mit jahupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Kiwfis tpdTjy;.

njupTnra;ag;gl;l gpuhzp cUtq;fSf;fhf NtWNtwhf khjpupAUtpd; gFjpfis

ijay; tpL ntspAld; jahupf;f topg;gLj;Jf.

gpuhzpfspd; ntt;NtWgl;l Njhw;wq;fSf;F mika> nghUj;jkhd Jzp tiffis>

nghUj;jkhd tu;zj;jpy; njupT nra;a topg;gLj;Jf.

Jzpapd; khjpupAUit (Block) itj;J ntl;LkhW MNyhrid toq;Fjy;

ntl;bf;nfhz;l khjpupAUg; gFjpfs; ,uz;il xd;whf itj;J Xuj;ijj; ijf;Fk;NghJ

epug;G Clfj;ijj; jpzpg;gjw;fhfr; rpwpa gFjpia ijf;fhky; itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd

MNyhrid toq;Fjy;

ijf;fg;gl;l mikg;igg; Gul;b Clfj;ij (gQ;R) epug;gp ijj;Jf;nfhs;s topfhl;ly;

ijj;J Kbf;fg;gl;l gpuhzp cUtpd; gFjpfis cUtk; mofhf ntspg;gLkhW

nghUj;jkhf ,izj;J xuq;fis ijg;gjw;F topfhl;ly;

gpuhzp cUtj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhd fz;fs;> %f;F> tha; vd;gtw;Wld; NtW

myq;fhuq;fis xl;Ljy; my;yJ ijj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd MNyhrid toq;Fjy;

ftu;r;rpahd mofpa etPd cau;jukhd tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fSf;F rpwe;j

nghUshjhu tuNtw;Gf; fhzg;gLk; vd;gij tpsf;Fjy;.


nkd;ikahd tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs; - Soft toys

khjpupAUf;fs; - Blocks


ijj;J Kbf;fg;gl;l nkd;ikahd tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs; rpy

fhl;Nghl;> fhgd; fljhrp> jp#j;jhs;

ngd;rpy;> E}y;> ijay; Crp> epug;Gk; Clfk; (gQ;R)

36

El;gf; fiyfs;


fj;jupf;Nfhy;> msT Nfhy;

nghj;jhd;> nraw;iff; fz;fs;> %f;F; tha; ,Nwe;ij (Lace)> upgd;> mofpa ehz;

tif (Cord)



gpuhzp cUtj;jpw;F Vw;w khjpupAUtpd; (Block) gFjpfis ijay;tpLntsp ,Uf;FkhW

ntl;bj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

khjpupAUitg; gad;gLj;jp> ntl;bnaLj;j Jzpj;Jz;Lfisr; rupahf itj;Jj; ijj;jy;

Nru;j;Jj; ijj;j gFjpfspy; rupahd tbtk; ntspg;gLkhW epug;Gk; Clfj;ijj;

jpzpj;jy;.

epug;gg;gl;l gpuhzp cUt gFjpfisg; nghUj;jkhd ijay; Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp

,izj;jy;

,Wjp G+uzj;Jtk;

37

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 7 : fljhrp Clfj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jp myq;fhu Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.1: fljhrpg; g+f;fs; jahupg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 04

fw;ww; NgWfs; : fljhrpg; g+f;fisj; jahupj;J ePz;l fhyk; Ngzj;jf;f Kiwfisf;

ifahz;Lghu;g;ghu;.


fljhrpiag; gad;gLj;jp Mf;fg;gl;l G+f;fis ePz;lfhyj;Jf;F ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F

gutpd; nkOifg; gad;gLj;jy; gw;wpAk; mt;thwhd G+f;fs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwiaf;

ifahSjy; Mfpatw;Wf;Fr; re;ju;g;gkspg;gNj vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.

nkOF G+rg;gl;l fljhrp kyu;f;nfhj;Jf;fs; rpytw;iwf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.

nkOF G+rg;glhj fljhrp kyu;fs; rpytw;iwAk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp mtjhdpf;fr; nra;jy;.

nkOF G+rg;gl;l> nkOF G+rg;glhj kyu;f;nfhj;Jf;fSf;fpilapyhd tpj;jpahrq;fis

mtjhdpf;fr; nra;jy;.

khztu;fsJ mtjhdpg;Gf;fis Vida khztu;fSld; tFg;gpy; fye;Jiuahly;

kyu;fs; jahupg;gjw;fhd khjpupAUf;fis tiue;J nfhs;sr; nra;jy;

Njitahd tu;zq;fspy; kyu; ,jo;fis ntl;bf;nfhs;sr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fjy;

fk;gp> Nfruq;fs; (kfue;jk;) Nghd;wtw;iw kyu; ,jo;fSld; ,izj;J kyiuj;

jahupf;Fk; tpjj;ijr; nra;J fhl;Lf.

nkOFg; ghj;jpuj;ijj; jahu;nra;jYf;F cjtp nra;f

ghJfhg;G Kiwfisf; ifahSjy; mtrpak; vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

jahupf;fg;gl;l kyu;fis nkOFg; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; mkpo;j;jpg; gpd;du; Rj;jkhd jz;zPupy;

mkpo;j;Jjy; gw;wp tpsf;fkspf;Ff.

jahupf;fg;gl;l kyu;fs;> ,iyfs;> jz;L vd;gtw;iw ,izj;J kyu;f; nfhj;J

xd;iwj; jahupf;f topfhl;Lf.

epu;khzr; rpwg;Gkpf;f KbTg;nghUis Kd;itf;f topfhl;Lf.


fljhrp Mf;fq;fs; - Paper decoration

gugpd; nkOF - Paraffin wax


nkOF G+rp myq;fupf;fg;gl;l kyu; nfhj;Jfs;

A4 tu;zf; fljhrpfs;

jbj;j fljhrpfs;

fj;jupf;Nfhy;> ngd;rpy;> kyu; ,jo;fis cUg;gLj;Jk; cgfuzk;

jbj;j fk;gp (18 GSM) epakf; fk;gp msT 18 fk;gp (18 GSM)

igz;lu; gir (Binder gum)

gir ehlh (Gum tape)

nraw;if kyu;f; Nfruq;fs; (kfue;jk;)

gugpd; nkOF

38

El;gf; fiyfs;


rpwpa ghj;jpuq;fs; 2 (nkOF cUf;Ftjw;F)

mLg;G

ePu;g;ghj;jpuk;



Mf;fj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhd tu;zf;fljhrpfis ,dq;fhzy;

khjpupAUf;fisg; gad;gLj;jp G+tpjo;fs; jahupj;jy;

ghJfhg;ghd Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp nkOif cUf;Fjy;

kyu;fisj; jahupj;J Kd;itj;jy;

39

El;gf; fiyfs;


Nju;r;rp 8 : g+q;fh myq;fhu Mf;fq;fis cUthf;Fthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 8.1: g+q;fh myq;fhuf; $Wfs; jahupg;ghu;.

ghlNtisfs; : 06

fw;ww; NgWfs; : g+q;fh myq;fhuj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jpl;lq;fis tiuthu;.

g+q;fh myq;fupg;Gf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

Mf;fq;fs; nra;thu;.

g+q;fh myq;fhuj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg; nghUj;jkhd Mf;fq;fs;

nra;thu;.


G+q;fh myq;fhuj;jpw;F cfe;jthW jpl;lkply;> G+q;fhf; $Wfs; gy;NtW Clfq;fshy;

epu;khzpj;jy; $Wfisj; jahupg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Clfj;jpw;F mika

fyitfisj; jahupg;gjw;fhf tpsf;fj;ijg; ngWtNjhL> jpul;lg;gl;l $Wfisr;

rupahd ,lj;jpy; itj;jy; kw;Wk; G+q;fh myq;fupg;G rk;ge;jkhd gpuNahf

mDgtq;fisg; ngWtjw;F ,lkspg;gNj ,jd; vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.

gy;NtW Clfq;fspdhy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l G+q;fh myq;fhu tPbNah (DVD) fhl;rpfis

/ xspg;glq;fisg; ghu;g;gjw;F khztu;fSf;F re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;

G+q;fh myq;fupg;Gf; $Wfs;> G+q;fh myq;fupg;Gf; fhl;rpfisf; nfhz;l glq;fs;>

fhl;rpg;glq;fs; vd;gtw;iw tFg;giwapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;.

G+q;fh myq;fhuj;jpw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Clfq;fs;> nrad;Kiwfs; gw;wp

khztu;fSld; fye;JiuahLf. (Kd;dwpit tpdtpawpjy;)

G+q;fh myq;fhuj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cgfuzq;fs; fUtpfs; gw;wp khztu;fsplk;

tpdTf.

epu;khzpg;Gf;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ,aw;ifahd> fw;gidahf GJ tbtikg;Gf;fSf;fhd

jpl;lg;glq;fs; tiujy; rk;ge;jkhd mwpTiu toq;fy;.

fsp> $o;> gupRr;rhe;J> rPke;J Mfpa Clfq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp epu;khzq;fs;

Mf;Ftjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fTk;.

epu;khzj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd cjtpfs;> Mrpupau; nra;Jfhl;ly;> El;g Kiwfs;>

mit rhu;e;j nraw;ghLfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fis toq;Ff.

G+q;fh myq;fhuj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd epwq;fs; G+RtJld;> ghJfhg;G G+r;Rtiffis

cgNahfpg;gjhy;> ePz;l fhyg; ghtidf;Nfw;w cau;jukhd Mf;fj;ijj; jahupf;fyhk;>

mtw;Wf;fhd Nfs;tp cau;thdJ vd;gij tpsf;Fjy;

nra;J Kbj;j Mf;fq;fis fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;fTk;.

Mf;fG+u;tkhd Nahridfis Kd;itf;fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fTk;.

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; ntspg;gLkhW fye;Jiuahlypy; <LglTk;.

G+q;fh myq;fhuj;jpw;fhf> ,aw;ifahd> fw;gidahd> GJtbtikg;Gfisj;

jpl;lkpl;L epu;khzpg;gjd; %yk; me;je;j> epu;khz cupikahsd; tpUg;Gf;F Vw;g

mtw;iwj; Nju;e;njLf;fyhk;.

nraw;uPjpapy; G+q;fh myq;fupg;gpd;NghJ khztu;fspd; Mf;fj;jpwd; tsu;;r;rpailAk;.

,t;thwhd epu;khzq;fisf; fhz;gjhy; kdkfpo;r;rp fpilg;gNjhL Xa;itg; gaDs;s

Kiwapy; fopg;gjw;Fk; tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk;.

40

El;gf; fiyfs;


NfhUgtupd; tpUg;Gf;F Vw;g Mf;fq;fSf;Fupa nryitj; jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Ra njhopyhfTk; nra;aKbAk;.


G+q;fh (jiu) myq;fupg;G - Landscaping

jpl;lkply; - Planning


gy;NtWgl;l Clfq;fspdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l G+q;fh myq;fupg;Gf; $Wfs;

G+q;fh myq;fupg;Gf; fhl;rpfis cs;slf;fpa tPbNah (DVD) / xspg;glq;fs;> glq;fs;

fk;gp> fljhrp> kuj;J}s;> rPke;J fsp> gupRr;rhe;J> gpj;jis cgfuzq;fs;> bik

jhs;> ngd;rpy;> fj;jupf;Nfhy;> Rj;jpay;> Mzp> epwk;> G+r;Rik>

kz;nzz;nza; mLg;G

Ngrpd;fs; rpy (Basin)

NrhRg;gd; (Saucepan)



G+q;fh myq;fupg;Gf;fhd gy;NtW KiwfSf;Fupa jpl;lg;glq;fs; tiujy;

fiyak;rq;fs; nfhz;l G+q;fh myq;fupg;Gf;fis epu;khzpj;jy;

epu;khzj;jpd;NghJ fk;gptiyj; rl;lfj;ijr; rupahd Kiwapy; jahupj;jy;

G+q;fh myq;fhupg;Gf;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

KO epiwT

41

El;gf; fiyfs;


nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs; gl;bay; - juk; -11

1.1 nrt;tfq;fisf; nfhz;L nghk;ik nra;J cilazptpj;J moFgLj;Jjy;

1.2 mWNfhzpfisg; gad;gLj;jp tu;zq;fisg; nghUj;jpaikj;J Jzpg;ge;J nra;jy;

1.3 fopj;njhJf;Fk; Jzpj;Jz;Lfisg; gad;gLj;jp ePs;tisa tbtf; fhw;Wilg;gk; nra;jy;

2.1 ntg;g xl;L Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jpj; NjePu; Nkir (Teapoy - Nja; Nkir) ciwf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd Mf;fnkhd;W nra;jy;

2.2 jw;fhypfj; jpiur; rl;lfnkhd;W jahupj;J mjidg; gad;gLj;jp> jiyaiz ciw /

ehw;fhyp ciw mr;rply;

2.3 Gjpa Kiwfspd;gb> kzpfs; (Pebbles)> kpDq;Fk; nghl;Lf;fs; (Sequin)> ehz; (Cord)>

tiy (Net)> fw;fs;> rhak; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ,wTf;if / ghthil / ehw;fhyp

ciw nra;jy;

2.4 iff;Fl;il / jiyaiz ciwfis gw;wpf; Kiwapy; myq;fupj;jy;

3.1 E}y;fspd; ,yf;fq;fisf; fz;lwpjy;

3.2 ghtpy; ,Ltjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; E}y;fspd; epiwiaf; fhzy;> E}w;fspfspd;

vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhzy;> tpiyiaf; fzpj;jy;

3.3 nerTj; jwp tiffisAk; mtw;wpd; Jizf;$WfisAk; ,dq;fhzy;

3.4 E}y; Rw;Wk; cgfuzj; njhFjpiag; ngaupl;L mt;ntht;Nthu; cgfuzj;jpdhYk;

nra;ag;gLk; nrad;Kiwfisr; RUf;fkhf tptupj;jy;

E}y; ghTk; cgfuzj;njhFjpiag; ngaupl;L mt;ntht;Nthu; cgfuzj;jpdhYk;

nra;ag;gLk; njhopy;fis tptupj;jy;

3.5 nerTf; Nfhyq;fis tiughf;Fjy;

3.6 E}y; Rw;WtJ njhlf;fk; E}w;ghnthd;wpidj; jwpapyikj;jy; tiuapy; ,lk;ngWk;

nrad;Kiwia tptupj;jy;

4.1.1 tidNthd; rpy;ypy; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

4.2.1 jdpg;ghjp mr;R my;yJ ,U ghjp mr;R jahupj;jy;

4.2.2 jpz;k thu;g;G Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp ghtidg; nghUnshd;W Mf;Fjy;

4.3 #isfspd; glk; tiue;J mtw;wpd; njhopy;fis tptupj;jy;

4.4.1 ghz; fyitia / Nrhskhf;fyitiag; gad;gLj;jp fsp kl;ghz;lnkhd;wpid

myq;fupj;jy;

4.4.2 nfhyh[; / $o; / kzy; / nlf;Nfhgh[; Nfhyq;fs; / G+r;Rg; G+Rjy; %yk;

fspkl;ghz;lnkhd;wpid myq;fupj;jy;

4.5.1 itgnkhd;Wf;fhf G+r;nrz;L / Nkir myq;fupg;Gj; jahupj;jy;

5.2 ntt;NtW Clfq;fisg; (kzp> ghz;fsp> Nrhskh) gad;gLj;jp fOj;jzpfs; / Nriyr;

nrUF Crpfs; (Brooch) jahupj;jy;.

6. Jz;Lj; Jzpiag; gad;gLj;jp gdpf;fub (Teddy bear)> nghk;ikfs; jahupj;jy;.

7. fljhrpapdhy; kyu;fs; nra;J nkOfpy; mkpo;j;jp kyu; myq;fupg;nghd;W jahupj;jy;.

8. G+q;fh myq;fupg;Gf;fhf tpyq;F cUtq;fs; / kdpj cUtq;fs; / ghyk; Nghd;wtw;wpid

Mf;Fjy;

Documents

ii - NIENie.lk/pdffiles/tg/t11tim161.pdfiii gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jp,yq;ifapd; ,ilepiyf; fy;tpapy; Gjpa Nju;r;rp ikag; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kjw; fl;lk; 2007 Mk; Mz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ