I II III IV

•I will know/be able to…Utilize appropriate scientific vocabulary to explain scientific concepts. Distinguish between ionic and metallic bonds.Explain why the atoms of the noble gases have chemical stability.Recognize that atoms achieve chemical stability by forming bonds.Relate chemical stability and activity, energy changes, the octet to bond formation.Describe how metals and nonmetals combine to achieve stable valence shells by forming chemical bonds with one another.Explain the formation of an ionic bond including the three energy changes involved: ionization energy, electron affinity, and lattice energy.Use and apply the rules for writing and naming monatomic ions and binary ionic compounds.Use the proper rules for naming and writing formulas for ternary ionic compounds.

Unit 9- Ionic and Metallic Bonding

Vocabulary

Chemical Bond

attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit

bonds form in order to…fulfill octet rule – atoms tend to gain, lose or share e- to acquire 8 valence e-

increase stability

Vocabulary

Cation Positively charged ion formed when an

atom loses one or more valence e-

Number of protons stays the same, but less electrons gives positive charge

Loses an e-

Vocabulary

Cations Metals – lose valence e- easily Transition metals – have 2 valence e-,

usually lose those two to form 2+ ions, but can also lose d electrons to form other ions

Vocabulary

Anions Nonmetals easily gain e- to form negative

ions to get to 8 valence e-

Name is changed to root + -ide

Gains an e-

Chloride ion

Vocabulary

Anions Nonmetals usually gain e- Some can gain or lose, but will gain most

often

Vocabulary

ION

PolyatomicIon

MonatomicIon

1 atom 2 or more atoms

NONO33--NaNa++

Ionic Compounds

IONIC COMPOUND

Tertiary IonicCompound

Binary IonicCompound

2 elementsmore than 2

elements

NaNONaNO33NaClNaCl

RETURN

Ionic Bonds

Ionic Bonds

When oppositely charged ions attract, electrostatic force that holds them together = ionic bond

Compounds containing ionic bonds = ionic compounds

Electrons are transferred from cations to anions

Bonds formed between metals and nonmetals (or contain a polyatomic ion)

Na·

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

RESULTS IN

Na+

1s2 2s2 2p6 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

Ionic Bonds

• Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature

• Arranged in repeating compounds generally have high melting points

• Large three-dimensional patterns

• Ionic e- attractive forces result in very stable structures

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Physical structure Ions are packed into regular repeating

pattern of ions = crystalline structure

Ionic Bonding -

Crystal Lattice

• Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water

• When ionic compounds are dissolved in water the crystalline structure breaks down so ions are able to move freely which results in conductivity

Properties of Ionic Compounds

IONICBond Formation

Type of Structure

Solubility in Water

Electrical Conductivity

OtherProperties

MeltingPoint

Form crystalline structures

Summary

Physical State

Arranged in repeating three dimensional patterns.

Have high melting points

Soluble in water

Can conduct an electric current in liquid when dissolved.

Solid @ room temperature

Hardness- Hard or Soft, Brittleness-Flexible-Brittle

• Metals are good conductors because the valence electrons are able to flow freely

• Valence electrons of metals can be thought of as a sea of electrons

Metals

Metallic Bonding - “Electron Sea”

C. Metallic Bond

• Have luster, are ductile and malleable

• Luster = shine

• Ductile = ability to be drawn into wires

• Malleable = ability to be shaped, pounded, etc

D. Metallic Properties

• Properties can be explained by the mobility of electrons in metals

• When subjected to pressure , the cations easily slide past each other like a ball bearing immersed in oil.

D. Metallic Properties

“electron sea”

METALLICBond Formation

Smallest Unit

Solubility in Water

Electrical Conductivity

OtherProperties

MeltingPoint

B. Types of Bonds

Physical State @ RT

e- are delocalized among metal atoms

very high

yes (any form)

no

malleable, ductile, lustrous

solid