IIlegno nell'architeUura contemporanea

Maria Argenti

Wood in contemporary architecture

Maria Argenti

Ni'lia ('(lnfusioul' ,h-! IIn~";'II!11 ~ <Idle 1<lI'f <'Ill' ('~ralh·ri7.ZI' II mUHnmlo IJn.:se ll ­tt' pub 5t'mhnln' IIl{·on fl MlO. OI'PUI'e Hrlll~ 10. se ,1011 Hli(tinUl,rn nu~ll\ll!i ('u plirlnrt' delll'!",uu ('OlIll' l'umpoue"It' silU.ilicll l iv(I Ile li'HrdliletlllfH t'Onlellll">rI",,,n.

Olla~1 ehe II ('(IlICO'nlrlt1't' l'alleuziullt' sui ",od" in c u i III eoulel lllKJrallcit/t usa qu<"lIo chI" 51"111.11 nlrllll duhbiu" II 1',,', IIIllko dei mall'riali 1111 eoslnlziont'. ins;e­me alllll'lelra. ,o,dia dire dedicarsi II QlIllh."(lSIl dl rt'~idllnl ... (I ro ll ila .... J'ilJu­~i(lne !Ii iml)O~sihili ritorn; :lIllmisalo. ru­IIhe /I ritroso dallernpo IJrt'knl{' pl" r ri ­tl"(l\arslIII 1II1I1II ro'"e 11011

n .. c .. ~~~ rillm('nh· milClion', IIl II :,Ir" l' no oonosciuio. t:: bCIlt.',l hIl HIUI', fugar .. 8\1hl lo , ,"('SIll im _

pr .. ssiun ... OUl-' duo hUeresslll",;,lizz" ,.., (1 ,,1 ~ il modo III c ui IIlell"O pub coniu­gnrsl, f' 51 "0,1111/'13, <'011 l'a<"<'hl1<'tturll f'

I'('-.<I<'t l<'" ,It'll" l'OI ncmpo .. :m eit ,\; II "",do In cui ,Ienf' lI ,~HIO, uon ,In chi c/lmmlnl'l con III lestn ~lr:llll 1I1I'1I"IIClro, 11111 (Ill chi "0I111l""nd,' dw Ic IIIU)\'" 1" (, llOlo~;r "ullH 101 ~ ()IIU, ~e ll",,,,i "gglllnIlO,"o, aile possl ­hi 11th cs prrssllc (kgll Rrrhil('tli. ciw Oll"i ,' 1(:'111 <: 1110,11 plfl unll eo ('ollIe II pil', n'ccII ­It', '" II snll) """IUIII" II' "SI'" proprie ra ­glo lli", e " he - CO lli " gil l st llnlO'nl~ ossel'­, 'H'H ,\Ii~s Vlln tlcr Ilohe _ "p(' rSiIlO I 11110\'1 ",,,lNi,,1i nOli d sarl",tlsc"no Ilkll­nB SUI.eriorilil, l..en'ht! ogni ('OSII hll solo il valore chI' dn esso 511pplll iliO trlllTe-', E Il on ~ solo una IjIlClUlonc tli f"nllll, dl oonforlll" 1.iOne liello sJlIt;>;io. ~ .5ennuai . sopralHlllO. UII" ljueSliolic di SOSlan'la, Ilnche se Il'glllll IIl1e caratl c risliche for_ m ali de ll:1 tll;olcrin (:olon'. odon'. lelllpe-

Gi,-en u'" l'OnrllSillS miXllIl'e or Ilmgllllges and Ideas cha"aelerising Ihe pre""nl. II may sound inl.'Onsnlous, IlQld, or even no­stlligic In 1~lk abont wood lIS" s igniflc:IIII t'OtIIJKln~nl ort'Otllo!ttlllorI1I'Y an:hitc~1ure. Almost as Ir concentrating 011 oontetllllQ­flU), "I1YH or 11 5111!! \\'hlll Is UlldOllill ,:dly OIl<' of Ihe 1I10~1 unri!! tll L'Ollslruclioll 1I1"lc­dills alo"!! with siolle, Should ItlHlIulJly me~n oonCl' ntrlltlng on smnClh;llg r~sl ­

duuJ, on Ihe IIlushUi Oflill illllKlssllllc ft·­

turn to the past. 011 a Oighl b/lcklV~rds lilli­Ille leadln!! I(lIUlother pluce which is nol IH' Cf'S5IIrily heurr. although It Is fnmiliar. It is therdore lu"'iSl1hJe to crlose Ihis 1",­Ilresslon III the heginnlng, T he ohjed of th is IItllllysls Is Ihe way In" hid. wood Clltl I ... :md is ilH'OlllQrlll!'d 11110 conl" m lln",r), architecture Iltid acSlhclit'!l: 1101' wily In which it Is USf<1 1101 b)' lhose "ho walk fa­('ins bad;wlln ls. bUI b) Ihose "ho under­SlamilhAI n.:w Il"dmologies do lIot slIh­Intct from. bUI rathe r add 10 architects' expressin' JlQlenilAI; Ihal e ,'cry ele me nl , rrom Ihc tlK151IIIIl'ie l1l10 Ihe m OSI rece nl une, IIIuSI he useoluct:onling 10 lUi OWn ~ .... -liollllle"; and Ihat - liS Mies ' -an dcr 110111' righ lly silited- -e,'en Ihe new materials do nOlgranl U5 any 811periorily. heClouse e,el')lhiliS has onl) Ille ' -alue Ihat we lire Rille 10 tlraw rrom il~'. Autl il is uol siulply I1lll.estioll of ror'" Illltl of $pace shape: it is rMhe r, and foremost,,, IllIcsllon of Slthstllll~"" , IIllhough Ilnked 10 the f01111111 fe:' I(lI"'~ of tlw(tcr (!:oIOllr, slII<:!I,lellljlerllturf'. grain ... ), 111is is why. In Silite ol'th., fuei Ih lll new Ic<: i1uologies allow fO"lIn ilinovllti,'e use ofwvod, Ihe ra ­tionale for usl tlg III" <-'<J lll c llll)()rnr)' :. <"<'hj _

rllllltH,grana ... ), i'er '1"~sIO nOlloslanle I" 1UI0\t' I{'cuolo_ ~ie t'OIlSCIlI;ono 1111 lISO innO\:,tj ,'o delle. IInn,!e ra~ionl lil'l '"0 IIIIJllego Hell'd r_ chit,.Uura conl,:ml'or""ell 'HllJlO ollre I~ Sln,Ullra. pe r ftssumere roll nolllzJoll1 eSleliche. I'<:r prenden' ill Ilreslito, a lloora. Ie I'IU'O. Ie di \lies: "[)mc $i pliO 1,",,",11'" u[JfUSIi 0011 Illa~'ore ch iarez'la III Sinollnrll tli una <:a5<l. 0 di un edmcio, se non nei vee. ('hi edi rid ' ll 1 .. Jt:ll o? ilo"f' si IlU b tro\lI~ una masg.ore IIIIj lil di maleria li, costru. zione e forma? Qlli si Il"(wa deposilala I~ saggeZ7.a tli ;ulerl' gelll'ra1.io nl... ~Mi rio s" ona no collie anliehe can7.nni ... ~1. Ii: o/U!i? Come si [lOli e un nuO\o edmelo "l'Olor IqplO" nC1i1l cill/l tli lalla? 1,11 [Jri ­III" riSJ-IOstll <'he suw it .. 'I"",. to illlerrOf:II_ Ih'o CHlCa j ooll,..,ui d l r:o ffillalez~a. dl /lrllntle {'ura tII'i tI .. Ua/lli. ti l nll''''':llilb co­Slrul1h'a , di e leganzll, tli [J"'cis'..,,,e. n,,\[. dO.110roSO. Usdo, a doghe, II seHglie, lell_ gero, COtllllillio. 'erniC'il1to, IIIccato, {'olnmto, iI \I'/l"o {'onff'ri.<{',' IlHot{, ,·icilll. e ealore, olll'eche ,'m·IIl1e,.., CvSll"lltll\'O Il l. i'nrchilell11fl1 contcmporllnea. I:: sso e 111O<kl'nO,:1 (lis[Jello rlelli. sun all­lichit:l . Ii: nOll e 1111 ~"so, flll'Hf', ('he 1'1.'10-gio pill eompi"to d"i1a Mil. Hi! ""lilR 10 lib. bin faUo \Iall e r Gropill s; "lIlegno ~ til I"" He un IIIllleri:II,' mer;"' igliosumeule pillsmab; je ... Illes " o ~ JI primo nlltterill. Ie till oostruziolle usalO dall'uol1lO. "datto pl"r moll; dcgli elementi ooslrull h1 di Ul)

~;r;cio; 1131"1'.'1i. pll,·illlenio. $Offiu o, 11'1111. pilaslri.lrllvalure. 5 i lasclll segllre, lagUa. re, Irnfllln"re, pillilare, inchiodare. f ... sa. re,lucid"re. intaraillre. Ill ccnre. dip;'18('-

lectllre@<>esbeyond stnlctllreandlusume5 aeslilelic oounotations. BorT\)\\ing once more rrom Mil'S; ~\I1'ere

can the sln.cture of a hOIl"" or building IH: expressed mOSI clearly. if nol in old W!iO­

den buildinss? \ \1,1'1'1' cn" Ihe his hest unity Ofl)llllcri~ls, coll slrllction nnli form be fOll nd? The "isdo", of ,,"tire gen l'l'~ -

1101'S lies herc ... They reSOll llle like andent songs ... "' . WI",I "OOlit nowndn)'s? 110,," docs " ~",>Od oolored" buil(liliS I<>ok in Ihe lill city? The lirsl answer oollling to mind evokes t.he ooncepts..,f refinemenl , grelll ca re for de-1:lil. mnslructi'-e manllallle"lf'rily, de@an· ce and precision. lI'ood. he il rough. 1)1)­rous, s tllOOl.h . ill sta"es, scaled, lI ght. ('<)1111""('1. painled, 11lC(lliered or oololll't'l.l. J-Iro>-ides eonlellll)()r"ry : lrchil~1ure " i lh Ihe na"our of mailer and ,,"IIrmlh, 8S well liS oonslntcth'e character. II is ",o.>d .. m . IlS ,,-dl 1l11('ielll. And ;1 is nol b~ d13n("e lila! il was \\alter Gro[Jius Ihlll deli'-e red the most oomplele eulOf!Y of wood·s modentil)~ "Wood is H wonderfitUy plll5l ie ,""Ierilll ... \\ood is Ihe first l'On­SlnK1ion malerialused ll}' lIIan , Il ls suila­ble for mati)' of lhe slructurH I elements ofa building: wall s, flool"5, ceilings. roofs. pil­l;ors. mul bellms. II leis ilself be SII"'1 1. <"III. drilled, plalled. hammered. milled. [lOlisheli. lnlllid.I" C­que red, painled ... n,,1 the new enl needs a IIeW ronn .. . We must Ih 'e wnod in a diffe­!'ent "ay. by l'edisC(wed"g it. rcmode lling it slar1iug from ils spiril . wilholi l ltnilatitlS old tonns IhH t ,10 nol ,·eSllOlull.., 01'" nee';' ;ony",or~. lI'ood is Ihe b" ihli"g " "'letiAI of our limes ... ~l.

11C1lard Me r. Casa Sm'Ih. ~. USA. 196&67

2 Rocnard M. er. Casa $h8IT'bera. ChappaQUiI. USA.

197274

~e..en 1ioI1. Museo Knut Hamsun. H ....... 11)', NorYeglil.

,99&"

, Richard Meier. Smith House . Darien. US~. I96&{;7 2 Richard Meier. Shamberg House. Chappaqua. USA, 1972-74 3 Steven HoU. Knut Hamson Museum. H/lm8Jt!IY. Norway. "",,.

•

n· ... ~Iu I;, 11110,' /1 I' ra n~l"~s,il:' di ulla 1I1h)\ I, f"r1tl~ •.. Dobbill1tlo '11 ... re II le~tlo

in tlIlInh'I"I' dhers", rlsCQprirlo. rUllo!ll'l ­IMI!). pnl1f" nrlo dill " ,(] ~I'iri l n .... "z" imi­um· I"orm" ,,,t"cliie. null plio r;sponde"li all,· nos!/"f' .. <i~ .. nu. IIl e~no /> i1 maleria ­It- tin cos l .. udu ne dd no~ lru !C"'IIO .. ~'. La 'f"ri!h /> dw fra due opvo,le u!ol'ie. qUt' lI n I d ~n l i5 1 1 1 (Ii c hi ril ielll' COli un s u-11 .... "10 11110 d·or~o~lio il.lcllclluale chI' Ie forme s lono Intllpe ndenli <1,,1111 ",,,Ieri,,. e 11111.1113.11 IlurHIU('luIIUeS!O mudo Ie opt"re d·l'l1e 0 IIi 11f'\.·hitellurll. I' lIuella mall'ria ­li~la ("h(" ;n(I;'·II1"" nella "'''Ieria ~le~5" l'url@l"edelle fonne e de lle eSleliche. oc­r nrr.' ri'ICOIJri .... - lion '010 in IIrchi!CIIUra _ 11 ~IISO de lle ('Ose. res~"..a.I'''ni",a.

t'lH' hlllg i .lnli'eS$ere un tI"lo aslmU O. i",­IINc,·nihi,," .. ill'~,·e un impllsto di fonlla f' SOSI;lIIZa. do,,' /> dirndll' separilrl' r una ,·osn dnll·lIl1ra . J'("rd,,< I ",,,leri;,li - com~ sosl14'l1C SI"'~11 11011 - SOnO I'art~ ill1l'­~ran"· ~II qllesllliessilurll che noi Ilercl' ­plan,o solo 1.11I"" C"50 II. conOSCCl1za di­rt'lln d.-lit· cos .. SIl·~S'·. loc("I""lol". USIOII<I"Ie. ';'clI(loll'. ~I m(1!"I'i!'III)1"n~lueol1(J un c!TplCo psicolo­lj!co lull' dn pro'·o~·;.rc pro(·cssi ",cnlali. 51·I1SI11.io,,1 c d,·si,l"ri ... I f"lIomeni chI' IIOSSOIIO e~~ert' senlili IlI'lll1l1leriRle t' nel

Thc Irulh Is thltl bt!1,,"~~n tirese t"o ol'po­Sill' "IOlli~s -On Ihe one hllnd Ihe ide~lislic one heht i)l" !he prowl ;111t'lit'dual5 who Ihin~ Ihal fonn islndepcndenl orlllaller 111141 "I", 11I1111)f>e ar1l1nd ~reh ileclUre aC­Nll'tli ugly. Rnd on Ihe olher hmut !he Ill~!e­riaUSI one !hllllden!ifie5 ",,,U~r itselfa$ 111<" ori~iu offonn ""d aeslheliCS- "C must redi.'iCO'er. !lot onl) in architecture,lhe meall!"g oflhln~s. the CMCnee. and the $OlIlwhl"h far from hei"~ lIn absl ... "ct. illl­IlCrc.-lllible gh·en. is rmher a ",i.\lure of fonn anll sui)Slllnce. where It is dirncul! 10 5eJlarnll' Ihe C..-o colllllOncnls. Il<xausc malerial$ ·as $1 31~d bl" Ste,-ell 11"11- lire lotally inCOt"poraled into Ihis tex­iu~ Ihal we perce;'e onl} Ihrough direct kno\\ Irdgl" or!hlngs. IOllchillg lhem, using Hnd li"hrg th~m. "'I"h., Itrltlcrials jJl'OIhK"t'IIPs)chological ef­red UU'lgi,·es ,ise Co n1t'nlRI I,rocesses. fccllnjl5 nnd dcsires ... TI,.. I'ln:nomen;, f~l1 III Ih" Itmlcrinl IlUd llelail of an ell\'iron­mcnt l:xi~1811C)'ornl whm call be col1"eyed il1lelltoduully. 11,c "'~Icria ls of archil",;tnr~ eoonnrulllcnic Ih"')"gh disSQtl;o,,~"C ;urtl r eo &U lImrce. shnllnr 10 nr"sicnl 11ISlr"m"nl5 ill

d.-l1agll0 dl "n Ilmhll'"le t'~ i slono III III IA di ,·it! chI' I'ut! " ss,'re Ira""w~so iUl eHl' l­tUllituenl!'. I onaleriull ~h' ll'ardlil p llura

Nl Ill"" i"~ 110 111 ri""'II' ''Z'' ,- in d;'~ona " ZII. l'Omc slrumc"li mll.leall ill "nil ("om­l105iziol1c. 11 fl''"'' RJ"(.·hiH'l1ura irnplica 1111

I",nsirro che oi rorma anr~, e rso IImalc­riale ('On cui /> rallO~· .

In IIUf'~I (J ' IU8dro ill 4'(l:llo /' nllil n 1111' 110 I' "ulla l.i,. tli un "'al"rillie. rra gli ""ri. Con I suoi colori . lll SUII te.~lure . la 5UII ClIl'aei lA di ergere sche rml . IInn'ier ... 0

lasciar fiUrare Iud. gl·n .. rnl"<' Iras IHll'eu­"e. tli r;'·~sli .... 0 di 5ullpol1are . di esse re finllllra 0 Sirunura. dlll1hul"lil.ZIII'SI" dl 1I10stra~i . t:sso", nOli ~ casu .. noll p .. r .."so. 11.,;,10 da ;,n·hih·Ui l'(IIIlI' 11 011 e Meier. Piano I' ,\ml0. Zunllhor f' nlOmn~ lIeno!!, SPI"SO n" .. he ill I'ornnopposizio­"C ('On I;, I~ II,k,,~.n ",ti~ru" /I i "lInalliln~ ­

re il ru!urO COrn" u" IHiradiso artmt"iHk. di plllSllcH,lnodore .. In<nl1ore. 1..10 eoslru~.io"e in lcguo IIppltrc. neilln ­nomn,;, eI~II'archllenura ('on1o"111110rllilPIl. n ,·olle COm" un" scrigno prezioso. 5011 · do . coslruilo con alt""Z!""I' IIllrlrr1Icoll,­ft· C gr"'''k I'l"ri~i~. nrCi!!inu,,: IIltre COm" IHI caSlelio frllglle.leggcro. prc\·nrlo \I uu"ieonH as!r·lHln. hinl1,·I •. ll1odellisllcH, D",Ullla slws50 ,Ia l"ol1 .<idcrll 7.iotli pI'lul -

a composition. To do IIrchill'cturr implies Ihe formaliUll of II ~'Onl"CjJl through Ih" 11111-I~rial of which iI is "Huk~'. Aeconllng 10 Ihls pe.rspc."Ctile. "'uoells nothing more Iha11 ~ 11ll1lerilll among others; it hns il5 O"·11l'(llours lind le:l.lures. il can screen Or make iJarriers. II lets ligh! filler Ihrough Of II generllll"S Iranspllre"cy. il lines and 5111)11Or1 5. it is bOlh finish Imd structure. il can bolh c;Ilnuunage nnd re­'·1'111 il.'lelf. Atehltects like 11011 and Mrier. Pillno lind Amlo, Ztu1llhor IIml ' l1lomas Ilerzog use \lood. neither 1,1 rlmdol1l nor h) chance. h often counleral1$ current trends Ihat Imllglne the ftr!un: 10 he An ar­tificial pilradise mllde or I'la5lic. odourl~n lInd t"steless. In cotr!er1lpofnl')' afchltecturt'.lht' "OOlIen building .somctimes looks II~e It predous jewel-case. solid. huill .. iUr cue ror delall and .. ith great efaflSrlllmsltip; other limes like n f .. ngi"~.li",ht.llreCI)rl(l us enSllc 0" lik~ all ahs!rnL1 ... Ioi!e. modcl-lik.·it1111. The choice of ... ood uflell '''' .~I1U"ds 11I1'1'.1C-tical consideratio"s. C'·ell Ihoujli1 it ~Imply ,""f~r8 10 panelling Or fillin!(" g"p: wood quietly e~le"'ls ils I'XI)t"cssl,'c 1'0!cllth.1 10

dl~ . In , celta tiel le!!no. a",·he solo IJer rl _ ' ''~Ihll e rr! i 0 11I 1l1 pOtlllmerrli . e>ll·rule si­Il· tl ziosamcnw Ie propr ... JIO sslbilil/r .. s pft·"i'~. ~j n,, ;, "" ,."("a r .. "'re 5'oUe !II o r~l ine ro,.,,,al~,

~!Tl'n"RnO ild ewmpio Carlo Bnumschl a_ j!:t·r.· Illt'illl"r Et ..... ll· . dup a rchilelli au­Slri" l·i d,e corrluga"o s pesso Ic ~no. ,elru I'd e le me m i lIlelalJ ici, "Per noi I ~ lradi _ zione non ~ Ull prohlt"ma formall'. ~'Osl NI''''' I" modcn.illI "'Ill i: un proble",,, leenologi('O. l s llIr1lo illellllo "n{·he in edifici grandi. alternandolo ad ampi .. suo perf;"i in H~lro ed "n""lil1io. per Ie pro­I,riclil t~rmlch~ ch~ possiede. Ilt'r III s ua ~ramle disponihi1itJi sui r1lerca!o.llt'rch~ it SilO olili7.7.U ill asse1l1bla~gi I'refabbri_ ,·ati /I,,.,..I,·rn 1 lempi!li Nlsln,zio.lI', LUl'utio mltlHiali raran,e"l{' ClI IHH"i di rl inlo!/nre attra"c rso i lingtm~gl ar<:hilr"l _ lonici chl' Im.mo "Ura,·crs.nlo II mociano. "crdrill "ro eli COSliluire u,,'eslclira del 'I'rtllll'OIHe l'ol11ll1erdale ('O nlernpo,-;. _ nco" '. 1\"lIe l'rill' l' ahill17.;,,, , i l·oslrllih"lli, Ili ­c ha,~1 i\lelcr. d,,'e IlIlecn i~"" I'uso d"i nll1leriRII lI"ri,'ano cI~lIa I .. ad izione IUn~_ ricmw ,I<:ile' c;"e ,·oslnlil.· in dog!w dl ­pinl" ,Ii bianco.la ('Onrposizione.i fonda stlll"astr~zione. su i COlllrasto. suUI!

(he I)O;nl oftl1;, rking ;.cluill forlllal e>"olu­tilln, For l'~nl11p1e. Carlo Ba'ul1sch IH~" r ~"d l)ielmHr Eberle. (\\,0 A"strian archill'f1S who ofle" use .. ood II10ng wilh ~Iass aUII ml'lal elements 511111': "For us, Ir.utilion i, 1101 a fonnal problem anrl lll(Mlerni!l· is not II lechnologic"ll'rohlern. We "se wood also ror la rge lIuildiugs. alll'rnating wide ~Ias.s lIud a luminium surfaces, Ih"uks 10 il5lher­n'all1r"OJ)l"r1ies. 10 ils ,,;,Ic "milab;I;I) on Ihe "mrkel ""d ~ca".'le using it in prern­llriealed assemblages shortens ('Oustnlc­lion lime. By puUin~ to~elher ",,,Ierials Ihal ... rely Inb,. wc " 5t" archile<.1uralllln ­g""~e5 thai w~n! Ihro"l!it Ul(Mlenlity atHl "e II')' 10 tmlld an aesthclie of conle"'po-1·111') ('Ol11l11crcial '·enlae"lar~'.

In the cnrly '1 ... ~lIin~5 huill hy Richard :\lei~r. hoth Ihe l e<"h" i~lue ar,d Ihe use of 1l1111~riHls is tleri'·ed rrom lhe Ame';(';111 Irudition of hou5es huill wilh bonrdS plol11 -I,"d in while. hul (hc COIllI)(ISi\i,,,, is bast'd Oil "hSlractlon. ('OUlraSI and St'pllrmion. Full and emply sl'aces powerfully n '1 i<-1IIa_ Ie !hr rro"(~ oflh .. Sll\i1h ll oU5t" (Darien. Co""e~1icu l. 1005-67) ;",d "r lh ~ Slomnbf'r~

ftt'paI'llZiOlW, Pie no e • uOIO . rti('(l lano ron decl$loue I prospeUI !Ii e .. sa Smith (Darien, Conneelkul. IOO~ -67). 0 IIdln e;.sa Sluunllel'g (Chnpl'uqUH. ' -'. 1!l1l_ 74). 1I00 t" la grnnde •· .. lr8Ia dd soggiortlu II doppin 111",1.1..11 si oolllruPllOne IIlk ehlu sure In leguo ehe 05l,iliUlO Ie l,art l prl>n-

". Dlehilll"i,tnl1l .. nle dennlo Ih. condizionl SOI,rullullO co.".:c lluuJl I! l'lmpl .. go del 11'­gno in IIlcnnl llrogell i III Sle"en 11 011 , l\eI n"'.sea dedicillo a Knul Ihuusul1, ud 11 11-muroy In l\or,egia . un 'ohlinI' COIllPllll0, ~monolitko~, dalle bu"ature irregulari. {Innsi I"rl!(l dll ro r/"" in";5Ihll l, cun illellO gian:Jino, 11011 IISU legno scurilo oome rl ­'·eslinU'nlu eSlenlQ, Ililudendo III ca ralle ­re delle ch le~,' della Itudl1.iol1e 110nliell. La geollletrin lIIassiva del pa .... Jldepltw· do ~ rkfornWln dalle dlff~renli ineiin,, ­zioni del h.ti. E corrollll IIlIlIn n~t"ra Sli"~­sa del legno. I'icrole, di.·er.sc, irregol8tl 8perture il1111CC8nO illlliil llUnli i Pro51K't ­Ii del museo I,er dar Inogo III1·ill5<:rimen-10 di fineslre. di halconl e tli rampe. l,'idca prug"l(uale, com~ spesso av,·ien., nell'opera dl Slew", 11011. ~ SUl'portaln "I_ I..., ehe dn sl udi leorid, dn suggestion i leUeran .. , La forma dl'1 museo ~ le!!atH ai rIJCN)u\i dil lamsun. IIi perSoualllli, aUt" siorie; I'Imm~' l!i "e flu81e I! Q(l,:I1" di u" 101em in legno. di un eOl'Po v~l1lcale, un pf'rsonH@;.I!lo '*-el1le, sl,irilo del Illogo, $ulle cui $upe rl,ci Illll s(:o tlo forze n3SCO_ Sle ehe f8nno slillare Ie l,ar,·II. ehe II Ie­guo ...,nd~ vive , cd an i'nauo i prospel1i con fod e I'llgelli. Sle .. eo 11 011 hH riecvulO eriliche dl' gll siessi lIor'·eg(.'sl ehe hanno vislo neill. fillurll del museo ~ ... una Cllri -

IIou5o<: (Challpallua , NY. 11172-74), '~here Ih., Largl' double heighl glaS-'! "indo,," in lhe Ih·ins room conlt8sts wllh Ihe wooden fixlurc5 hosllng lhe privl'h, 8t:clions. The use of wood is op,!"ly Inspired mostiy by oonceplwII n.<.101"S in $O ll1e "rSte\·en IloU's projects. In the museum denlled 10 Knul Hamsun in Ilaruamy. Norway -0 com­p;1L1, "mOnolllhic" ,""In"'e with irregular holes, IIlmoS! wow,ded h)' invisihle forces. "ith a mofganlen- 11 011 uses darkened wood as IUl exlemal lining, alluding 10 ehurch 11'111111 In NortJlem Irlldi lioo. TIll' rnaSSinlgeomelry oflhe IHlnlllelepiped Is deFormed hy Ihe differenl indinnlions of Ihe sides. And it is oom,pled by Ihe .'cry niliure of wood. Ultle, diffe...,nl, irTt'!gular openings ml.ke notehes in . ·arious spots of Ihe fronl of the museu", 10 plio\\" for i'1.54'I"­lion ofwillduws. lIalooole5 lu,,1 ramps. The design. us onen hapIlCns In Sle'·l'n

11011"5 work, Is supportl"d nul only by Ih<.'(1-retical studies bul also b}· IIlel'llr)" 5ulllle­Mions.TI,e furm oflile museum is corm«_ led 10 II"rnsulI's tales. eh~r8c'eI'tl8nd SlontS; the [1nlll Image co'culls a \\"oodel1 lolem, a .. crt lCl\I I ...... },. a li ving cha racter. lIle spiril oflhc place, on whose surface so­me hidden forces are al \\"ork: lhey m8ke Ihe walls slide. as Ihey ure made ali .. e by wood, and alllllwle Ihe fru.HS "ilh hole ~ und projec1ion.t. Sle'-en 11 011 was crilieized by the Non.·egians IhelnseIH:!$ who SIIW in Ihe museum ngnre ~a cariC(lluf"(' oflhe wrill'r himself, ... feal uri,,!! bl! hair. his la _ pering chesl, h is ruined.leulhcl')' skin"", III th~ V-I louse In Ihe Culsk ills i\IOllllln;ns (NY), Steven II"n U';C5 IWO differenl kinds or,,-ood: eed:.r Sla .. es pIIlnted In deep red

cal l1 ru df' 1I0 '!<'ri no", < I("~O. .eon I ~u ol c"pelli. 115uo lora\.'l' um'<OIUIO, 1II lI IIA pelll' ro' 11Iul~ , "oriar .. a .... i\ellu ' - hou~e" CAl skill. i\lonnlain (Nl). Stt",·t"" 11011 ulli7.7..11li,,,, l~g,,1 diH~rsl : 11 cedro In dOllhe. diplnle di un rosso den"" e dislJO'le orizzontatmenle, IJer l'esll"nlo, e it rraSSiliO nalu ral!" nellJl" irnento. nel ­Ie scale I" "t'i sonlttl "lI'intcl"110 pl'r l·,','11 -

r'l' un eonlraSlO cromml{~1 Ih. oIeull'o I' ruori ill un edindo pn il n"SIO rondnlo snlla IXInlp"Il .. lrazione dei "lI ri sl',,;>;i do­meslici. A M~rthll'$ Vineyard, MA"S~.eltusl'tt~. Iwl­la "IISn Ikrko\\"ilz riel 1981. illq~"" I! " SUIO In\"I'''' ·l.j ua sI a riL"unl;.re 10 ~etll'Io'_ lro di unl, OOlena an"IUlia sull .. 5IJi~gtlill.

o"'''!/lio lelterario. COnle I'lIcronl;. HolI, 8 Moby OIl'k dl1>leh·iJle. 1.,0 setH'le lro i! in rell1t~ II. SlrU1!urA <1<>1111 Cn"" ste~S/I. legll,·ra. I.·aspilrelllt·, """ I­menlllia dnl gineo di omhrf" e oIi Iud spezzille ehl' il sole proielH. suite 5111' fllt·­('iHit' C He! s uoi inlt" .... i. dopo a'·er attru­,·e,·salo I .. srlva di l,ilaSirl c 1; ~lc Ui , <Ii,·rr­samenle HI·ienlilli. in('rodl. ll. di8jlOsii seoondo Irllme libr, .... <"Ollie nelle "osl ru­z;oni sjIOntauce, prec8tie. 0 lie! .·<:<.'<:hl Irabocchi 5nl mare. Gill i primi sehelni di qllt~sl:. easa I,resen-

and pluced horirontllUy "n the ou!.Side. /lnd nlllul'lIl IIsh for noon;, sll.i rcuses and cei­lings for Ihe inlerion, 10 el't'81e II chmona­lie oontrll$1 betwe~n Inside anll ou\.§ltle til a building Ihm. ror Ihe reSI, halaHL~s '81"10"5 n'ingling domeslie al"C8S, On Ihe oonl,""I')·, in Marthp's 'lney"rd, MaSSllehusell5, in ,lie I!.erko\\il;>; Uouse of l!1/H. wood is used in II w~y lIml aluJO$l r,,­rallS Ihe skclelon or;. l>ellched '~tlHle; II i~ a lilerary homage. aL ... "O,~lhlg 10 11f)1I. 10 Ml'I.1I1 .. ·, Moby Dick. In r~c" Ihe sk .. I .. lOn fonns Ihc .·el')· stmch.1"C "f lhe house: liShl. IrnllspIIl"Cnl . l"nli'·elled by Ihe inlerv1ay of ligJlI and shadows und of lhe broken ra)'5 projeL1ell by Ihe sun on 11& rnmls and Inle_ rior, ~Ilf>r Ihe)' rw, lhrough H maze of pil­lars and cinelures Ihal Ita"e been differen­til· orienI8'~. croSM"d, dlsl'ot;Cd accon:Jins: 10 free wells ,,·hkh is typknlln sjJOIW, -nco us, precarious buildinss or in olrlsca 0"l'1110\\"5. The firsl Ilmlls oflhis house already pre­senl .. d II wooden rr. ... ne stnIL1ure on Ihe outside. " •.. lhe specia l fe81ute oflhi' e":ler­nal fra,"e Is Ihe projection, on Ihe ele_ meolsllCl"w. orth,· sl".dow lineslha! con­slilnle Ihe spatial objet1he nnd Ihe lJOCllcs oflhc project: lin~ and sh8do\\"5, shlld(lw

la'an" nn6 ~In'ttun. II lei ll io illl""lIn a i-1",'s\f>nIO, ~ .. .Ja earHlt .. ri~lic" pl'euh8 rf" d. 'lu"'111 lul .. laialu r ll e ~tl'rua IXIII_i'lr 11,,1 prukllMt' sui cOI·pi di rnhbrica ~ottn~lnllti Ie line" d'ombra d.e ,'tlstltuisn,,,o h. li _ nalitlt SI".zinl .. e la POt·,;..;. del Ilro~,· tl o:

linee I' omb...,. Jillee d 'ombra~'.

IIgioeo {Ii Iud,' oIi mnbre su sUI't'rfi(,j nulurali /0 ,'s;1I1;. IO ",.; prnspell! dOH' il I .. gno l' "s~.IO per ('osl<"uire un h}\"olu('fo eslrrnu ehe run";on,, nnehe d~ hrise bO­

Il"iI. l\ella copcrtur" l"!ll' Prole811e I nnlt'_ ri rom",,1 a Coi r~,. I'eler Z"lnlhor. usa un" slruttu ra" sOllili lloglie orizwnluli. ""' ...... wl ,·ccchi essiI'entoi I"'r illllhllN'O o nellll'nili. IJer dare ull'eslerno l'lm _ IJtesslulI1" di un in\"olu,'ro chiuso. inlUlo­bile. au~"'m. dol;.to di uu 'a rra7.ion .. 1111 -lurale, ell<' man manll 1"1,.. d si a, .i('lna peril ~I"0l're i suui IlIlerul.1i lasdll Inlrn­v,"{h'rf e SOVVf' .·lt" W,i J'immagin.· (' I., l'ln01.iolli una ,·olw ('h .. il "isilalOO"f> s llro­'a IIll"illl .. rno, SI)!lZ7."'" dall" hlN" I' ,Ial ,· .. nlo. lulr"llro I'hl" illlilenelr"hilt·" im­mohile. eircomlilio 1111 porcli .:he lI'im _ prov,·lso quasi scolll11l1lo"O. Arwlo!l" ~ 1I sisl t'uw eon <"ui CllrjO II/lum· .schlager e I)ielml.r Ebe rle hanno 1""Oget­lato la f8~~' IJe r Sabrin" Ken, a Loehau. in Auslri~.·. Mil Il' dog h ,' {le i ril"l'Slimenlo

lin .. §~l.

The Int"I1,lay ofJlghlsllnd 51mdow o'·er n81ural snrfuces is high lighled OIllhe fronls. where wood is "sell 10 build An ,,~­len.al (.'Owringlhllt 111;;0 rundi"n~ ~S n bri ­se soll'lI. For II,e oo"t'dng Ihal protects 110-man reulllins In Coir", I'eler Zurnlhor U.'IC5 a sln'cturc made oflhin hori:ror>lal bO{ll'tls. like In old lob~c<:o IIryins-houses or l)!InCl, in onler 10 soggesllI dosed plnet: 1\1 .. : 11 ,·iewed from Ihe oul~ide; il is a still. mlsle­re plnce wilh n~lu r;tl ' i! nlilation. tlml 510" I}· l"C .. ea ls its inlerlor as on .. approa­Chl'!l;1 lind "alehes a glhn llSC of 11_ and Ihal finall y J~''''~S Ihe imnge aud Ihe 1"1110-tions once the "isilo'- is InSide. It is II SpIll'" sl\epl 1I1\';'y h)' lighl lind wind, 'luile Ih .. OIJIJOsih" ofimpenelrllhle and motionless, 5um'Juuded by .,."lIs Ihm suddl"nly aimOSI disallllCnf. TI,e wI.y in which CMlo IImuusehlllger Ami Diet","r Eberle hnve liesigned SHhritll' Ken,'s hou.sc in Ltld"uJ, Austria' i.<llIInlo­SOilS 10 "h~.1 we jU51 dr.5<Tibcd. Ilm. e'·er, Ille boards ofthe wooden lining h8'·e nol only b .. "n SCI>;,rull"d from each other hUI also sl"n lcd 10 lei lighl IJCtlelrale, in this case 5101'1,lng the "1nd h)' n.~ inl!;t glass "·inol,,w 50 centimelen n,,"II}' from Ihe el-

, Steveo Holt. Casa Y. Catskill Mounlatns, NewYorl<. USA.

"" 5 Peter Zumlhor. PfoleVOne per gil sc!tlll archeotogk:l r(lmam. Chm. Graut>tindeo. SVluera.1985-86 6 Baumschlager II. Eberle. Casa Kern, lochau. AUSltia. 1995-96 7 8aumschlager II. Ebelle. Banea eTV e abllazlOl'le, Wolfurl. Austria , 1996-97 8 MVRDV.8flI)artamenti WoloCo·5. AmsterdamOS<1OrO.Olanda. 1994·97

4 Steven Holi. Y Hoose. Catskil Mounlallls. New YorIl. USA. '997 5 PelerZumlhor, prolectlV1l housing for roman a<'Cheolo&iC<lI eXC8VaIJOnS. Chur, GraubUnden. Switzerlltrld.1985-86 6 Baumschlager & Eberle. Casa Kern, lochau, Austria , 1995-96 7 881OtT1l1Chiager & Eberle. BTV bank and hous!og, Wolfurt. Austria , 1996-97 8 MVROV. WoZoCo·s Aparlments. Amslerdam-0Sd0rp, The Netherlands. 1994·97

=

1if[llefl non 'ono ~olo '1'u_tnh'II' !Int· dnlie ;, 111"1.', " ' n(' lin"lt'.ller fu flltrH .... 'n 11" .. ~ lo {,IIS0 sulo I" III, '" ~ lion 11 ' ... nIO. rermato till uua 'eltal;, IIrr.,Ir;,I ;. tl i ~ N'nlimelri riopello IIlIallll""l{' {'st .. m;' . Sl"'oli" t- all _ d ... l'i ncl inazi",,,, a 'arl/.I'I". a tuota .... progress;,amenl t'. in motlu da 51'henna"" imernllwnle III j)a111' inf"riort', t' Iia all ­II",ntart' alma.silllo latr~SIJUI't' .U;' tiel prilllo pimlO. ZOIll' .~ugglnrno . I .. n fll ttlll ill till un lalO fllllzionn II:. IiUro. Ilall'lIl!!'o "Ol)gilll1ge, ullisel'. sl ~tIlult'l'iulinll. In lIIodo "i",ile, " rlv(' stl ..... 111 , 'oilltll .. t:ol" 'O .. 1 .. ",gemlcl)le IIIdlnnlO. Chemet.w I' lI uitlohro usano II (' .. dm ross" Cnn in-~ .. rti in Farice IIe1la blbliol .... a- lIIedial .... ·a tli £ ... e,n. ".,.d ... mnferio;('e a U·i llsiem .. tlu'immagine tli m.'·" ormc88i1'W IUIIgo It' mura gllllo-rom"" ...... 'lei basllrnt'1110 i lislelli si dislanz'ano e lasdallo Irasparire gli in lerni. nd plaul SlIpt'riOri invece si <{' rrano, in"erll'mlu il trlltlizioll"'" ral'­IM,rtO fra l{'ggt'TI'na f' I~SO' Suggeslivo ~ rdT,·!to d" lIa "1rlISj)IIrt'll'lll" dellegnn Illesso in op,'rll dll ,\Iikko Ilt-ikkineu e \I II I'kku KOlllOll c lIlIcl rh'~ ­

stilt.eul" 'kl yuh",,,' t'ur'·,~ deliA Sl'de deliR l\lcDon~,ld's n IIdsiJlkl. ulln lorre in 'ctro I' acrill!o chI' .lIln h';",," in Inn".l1 ... di ;,h"le schf' r llla d,,1 sole sui Inlo llii.

lernal wall. This lillie. til,' 'nclirlAlion also 'Mies. il progressi" .. ly l"Olll les SO as 10 fully MTft'n Ihe lower pU11 mullo I'ro' id" the 1Il;.:timUln incrt'aSt' oflhe II'a "spa~ncy of Ihe firsl ntHlr. in Ihe li'·'ng room art'a. TIle rronl is a filt .. r on 0"., sidt' 1llld on Ihe other side it ioins. unites. and d,'nu'WrialiSl'5 il­self. Sim i lari~·. Ch .. me lo,· nnd f1u ldobro uSt' red cedar" illt 11ln.~1 iusels 10 {~J"l'r n (' lI r,·ed. fRintly slanting "olutlle ill Ih"lihnu)/m,,­di;.-lilmll), in fo:'TCU .~. a IIIlllerial "". Ihlll confers Ih~ wh""'IUII"'''g!' orn bOHI Ihlll has bcl'n 11100)'"" alollll 1111' GIlll ic- llolnan " -1111 .....

Tit" "Ir""Slml'f'nc)'" cm'ct oflhe .,-ood usetl by \likko .Ieikkin .. n and ~Iarkku "omo­nen in oo"ering II cm"'ctl ,·"hUlll' of \IrOo_ nnhl's heafll]uarlers ill lIelslnklls eHlCali­,f': alo\\""r mmlt- of glass and slef'1 M.'rt'f'lled from su" rays hy a frnn1l' made of lir-"ood thin la~ers on Ih,' mo!llI':tl'oSt'd si,I.·'". The S;une Northf'nI d" signers, ln lin al ­leml'tlo h)hridise d;rf~re"llr<tdition§, in the \'illlI Eila in GllillClt ~W"IJ""" (l f;I\';uI .. mmlp "finlt·rt ,,;ned hon,hOoS, lhol 10'1 an incr~tl il>le play 01' Iighl rllY~ liltel' Ihrough. Unhalancing in lis lI1illinlllliSIll , which

eSIIO~l o'Q

Gli Slessl pr0f'eni . t; nordici , II .. lIa villa Ei ln ill Guilll''' . "It'SSO"o" una fattialH l'U­,,1i1 "'1~. dn Im",hl' inl l't'ttia l i. "nran'~o i quali fiJlr1l UII jll ...... 'Hbil .. ltio<;o di Ince n .. llrnlalh-o di ibridare Il'Bdizioni dirft'­.... l1li. Slliazzante ne l suo !IIiniuH.lismo. d'e 10 f~ scmbr .. r{' tla lotltano quasi solo una C;,U,SI;, di I .. gu:"ne. ~ rl'tliliclo della bHlI­CH del TiTulo ~ tit'! VnrHlb('rg a Wolfurt, ,Ii Kllulll schlHgn .. Elle"',, : u" ".,h'Hlt' "omp;.lIo (h'li u lto .~Ollll1ltO dllgll8lilla­mentl di IHin scrie di lisit'lii e dalle '-ena­lure tll'lIn ntJl'l' sless~ , Ambi7,ioso f' soli'Ilelllo. leso a cuntratldi­r .. 11 seliSo CUmUliI' lIel rnpllorto Ira leg­gerez7..1l e IIIra' ilia ~,;.I ron lrar'o, i"efTello riCl'1'l"1I10 nelle abi l8zlolli. liheramelll .. ~ .. p""5"" al 1;0.,)(1 principale. del celllro per a llzin"i \\nl(J(:o'" di M\ KDV lid Am­sleroom. Suggt'sli"o appal"-' qulllcoJlltaSlo Ir~'

l'elTe11o "uu,'rii'o lIelleg llo chI' rivesle 111-I'eslerno II' grllmli 11'11\'1 ,..,licol"ri a sbal ­w delle CIlSt' sospcse. cd 11 pl'ospelio Y,,­

IralO d,,1 1>1111"101 rel rOSlnnlL Sui retro I t .. rmini dl'lIn (Jl!t'~tionc SOIlO itwertiti: lu ll ll in legno In fn"ciula. in ve lri colorali so lo I Imr .. p,'111Ilel balCOll1. lrregolar-

mak,·s It look nlmos! like II simple pll .. of wood from afll!'. Is Ihe lrulhling ofille 1)TOI lind \'or"rlherg BAnk ill \\'"If"rt, hy Haum­M.'hlagcr ami EIlCrle: n compact "0111"' '' Iltal is d"nn"tI only by Ibe s liding ora se­ries of lislllIs nnd h)' Ihe ,·t'nations or lhe Ii ­IJtor itselr, 'n it" Ollposi le crfeel.amhitious and sophi­sticat .. 11. ;,imlng ~I rontrndicting oonllnOIl­sense in its relationship ht'hH'cn lighlness ami hca,in{'ss, Is Achieved by Ih .. tlwel _ Iing~ Ihnl arc freely "hung" on Ihe tII;.in hod)' uf ll,.. bllihlinl:l hosting Ihe WO'lOoo's centel' for the "hl,.,.ly in l\IVI\I)V in Amster­rlam. The,.., is;tn ,,\'ocall'·e t'OniraSI here bel"een lhe rnalerilll elTeet oflhe wood Ihlll 00'-1'1'5 the large. grid_shnllCd, proiec­lin@' b .. ams oflhe hanging houses outsidf'. and Ihf' glass fronl oftite glllieries behind them. On the I", clt s ide o/'Ih .. house Ihe lenns oflh., iluestion a ........ ' ·ersed: Ihe fll<;ade is totlllly ",mit: of wood . li nd only Ihe ImlronleS ha,'f' colon-d glass parapt:lS, irregularly dlslrihulctl in II ~f"resl-ti k e"

maze of holes pun~hcd on Ih .. surface. Wood ami gl"~s lI!'e I'gultl uSt'd hy Ihe Sa­m~ Dutch gJ'oup, Ilu.1 org"ni~cs the small. unusual , lwo-fomlly house On Ihe Wilhel-

ml'lIl .. disj)OSII III una "fort'.ta~ dl bo('a· lure. Di nuo~o ron leflno f' "elm 10 sle~so

grllllilo ola lldeSt' orgallizza la piccola. In­sollla, casa bifamlJia .... sui Wilhelmina. IIHrk dl L Irt'('hl . quasi allnooaln in un~ !IC~lOln trllsllarcnl .. tamponilin dlt pannel­Ii dl compensalo scum. [.'i r l"-'gol"ritA e la tVlIIlllessitla SO IlO, III (l"eSI; l'mge11l, n~­sunil' (vml' "0101"-'. III g"ncrnh-, du moll. <lrgli esempi ~i n qui In.llali. 81 df'duce ehe. undrcbbe del limo fugltlu rille" che IIll'gno I' la SU8 moteri ­l'itlllmpe,liM.'lUlO (lUella ricerca dl IISlra_ zlone geomelric .. eh" speS50 cllrlltterina hl,·~t'<! la vl~ndll contemj)orant'a. Chi 1m 5]1es50 usalO IIlegllo proprio pe r dar rOrtna a spazi onirici, nlelalislci. ~ II glalll)(llleS(.' Thdllo Antlo. GiA udll. plC<.'Ola ~Cllsa dell~~ a Oyodo (progellala Ir~ il 1985 I' il 1986. rt'~Ii7.Mta 1I{'11986), Alldo nW:~8 cer('alo, rh'estendo tv",plelllrnente I'intenlo (paVltt",nlo, 80 r­

litli. IIIUro) 111 tlglio giapponese (pann .. 111 con Impiallat~cl nlura) , fli delinire. allrH­,'"rso IIlc!lno. un "allreve aUlorefcrcn­zilth·". chill~o e luminoso IIllempo ~I"sso. Cosl "nch" lie] pnlgello originllrio dt:! I"atro dl Karll_za. desl in;.lo ad ospi tare Ie p"rformallce <I I lItl gruppo d'uvunguar_

mlnltpnrk In Ulrechl, which is IIlmost tied lip in n 1!,/lI\~plII't'nt box linetl with dark plywood p/ll\d~. 1'11.,se l'roiects raise Ih t' eonCf'.'j)IS oflrregularily and ~'O",pl .. xlly In

Ihe 5111111S or IIctual "allies. Genel1'JUy SIIP."kinlll, Ihe mllny examples w·" ha,'e lIIi"en s how Ihll l one should 10\lIl1y Ignore the Idealhal wood anti ilS uml .. rinl Ijtlll1ily do nol allow the Sl'lIrch ror f!;come ­lrical IIhslraction 11101 ofiennlari<s conlem­porary works. SOr1ll'Olll' who hilS onen usetl "ood III or­tlCI' 10 give slUlIJC 10 oneiric metaphyslcnl SpliceS l.~ Ihe JUpll""S" ilrdlilecl Thduo )'n­tlo. In his IInle "Tea House" ill 0 )'000 (desl­gne,1 between 1985 and 1986, eJ(~\l t ed In 1986). )'ndo had alreafly tried 10 delint'. by using wooil. a ~St'lf-rer .. reniial elSt'w-here". doSt't1 nnd hriglll allhe same lime: he hlld COI1lIIit'ldy ~'O'-.. red lhe insidc (nool'5. cd-11111115. Willis) wllh JHpaneSt' lime-In:<: wood (pnnels wllh ,eneering). He Ilill tin' SlmlC in the originlliprojcd for the K"rp -~II 1I"'(lII:r, crellied to hosl the p"rforn1an~ of an aWHlI-gardc group:" woodell lo\\'cr hllVing:. dodecagon:!1 plllll, 27 md .. r 1"lIl11ul 40 meIer large. Hiack "utsldf'. )'bSI J'lIct.

dill : '1II11 lo r,.., in 11.>1/.11 0 II Ili aull' dode"'" gona le 11 1111 'r nl i~~n t" nwl rl r larlll a qu,,· n ' n!!!. i\~ I ·llalJ'e slrmo. "'Mralill. 1.'111"1, dt"lta scllioia in Il.>gno roUle 5("alolo 1I.·It~ lIIu. io ni rll lH)i in 111I"ll;ill' mudo rI ­prcsa Ilel pl,digllOlW old Cialliloll~ lwr rr~l",si:r;ione di Si, iglla (llrogeUO 11189. 1900, re,,!inaziOIl(' 11100· 11191), die con II SlIO "slenoo cu r'o In Ie guo e i suoi IIIU ri illl .. mi ,Ii cnl~ biullca <'III 8i Il.«"de 11.1 ·

Iru' erso wi punic SOS PI'SO" rormu di aT­('(I, !l<"l11p"" in leguo. e 111I,samlo 11.1 di liDl­In ,Ii una !CrllIlIl .. colonll l' ro n eapi lello, sII1l1 .... all., IIn, ' II'e >SI' in 10-15"0, slmholeg­gil' proprio iI pa~,..,.gl!"io fra iI mUlido ... a ­Ie I' ' IUello ruppres.'nl"h.l: la lerr a 5P"­gno lll dll unlaw, I ' d"lI'lIllro rorl e nle ."Olllenu'O nella 'lls tillo ,II' I '"010. in cui la Itler .'nh·alllll·ll\cr~o la (,O I'I'I·II'ra in !I'noll . "R"I,IiZZIlnllo illNttligliolie IIi 51> Iglia - hll spi"!/,lI ln Alilio - i111,·'ulc,0 d"re Ilherl! dl _ mO~lr" ziolle di lin" conC("1.ione 51",ziale all'illle rno dei limili il11p·o.li daU'lIso di un unko 111 " lcrial ~, ill"~no im pl('galo sia "Ii'inlenm chI' "Weslenlo. I' n:"liull . re Illl·ontCtllpO \III I11nhll'lIl .. capace IIi e",.II!u~ it '1.lon" dl'i g rlulIli piluSlri. Per far II U"SIO 11011 ..... Il"·o ignorare il colo,.., e I., Il'Hl lil il formalilie i mAtHi;,11. ~ III e Ilnr· It' 111'1111 Ir" lli ziol(,' j!i llllll" lIese t'O"lruire' s pati "lilinando dh·er:'li 111,,\cria1i n"lu · I'all d,,~ oflhJllo Hllllllil~\oli ellclll "rO· 1I111.id. Sono perU t'OII,-iIIiO chI'; rolor; d l' lIn lIallll"('. d"llrgno, tit'lIlIlerrll, dell a pil'l T;\.pOU0 I10 , ellire rldOl1i I. 111(1110(:1'(1'

lI1ill ... IIlIIio prohl"lIla non e ill"l!lIo IIi per s~, Ill" 10 sp!lr.io rh., . Inlle!!" o si pUI; eSl rllTTl'e II lipo d l sensationI' eslcli ca

The itll'lI of lhe "QOt]I'II box ;utended as an ill".loII1K'.~ Wlls sollleho" relrie'l'd in 110(' JaIWIIH:se IUI\'ilion Ihal lit' desig""d for lhe Se,·me E:.~hibil (llrojeel de$lgned 111 1989· 90, exccuI.' tI in 1990·9Z). "hich hns a cllr­,·ed ' ... KKk .. onlSid"'IIJ1<I inside \\lIl1s IIllide ofwhile\\ash lind is acce~si hl e b) \\'I,lk in8 Oil !' SIISI"'lIllt'd , 1)("'·shl'lJt'd wovden bl;lI ­g" IIlId b) ~Icppin" be lo" II IlIIge slJlired ."Olu",n "ilh eallilel. also ," wood; il sy"'­boIi1.es, SI)(',<ilicl,Jly. Ihe I)l\ ss;, ~e rrom lhc 1"\"1,1 ,,·orlll into Ihe fid;ollal 0 111': 0 11 OIl{' si­d", the Spllllish I"ud, on Ihe olher sidc, Ihe East, L"Onla lned in Ih .. , aSlncss 01"11,.. ,·oid, wh .. ,.., li ghl enters Ihrough I, Tefiou too'e­rill!!, " II) c.~ecutlllg Ih .. Se,·m~ 1" ,,; I;on: Ando e\plllill~d " Imeanl lo gh'e n delllonslraliOIl of I' "pal;,,1 1'OIIN'pl illside Ihe limilllliolls imposed b) Ihe """ ofa singk n"'l erial, "ood, llsed bolh ln~hle alld olliside: I "Iw wllnl .. d 11.1 re;,l iZt.' II I> "J(.-( romllel>llh;,1 .-..)uld hi!!hUghl lhe 'illue of the I:.rge pil­Imos. III o"I"r 10 do Ihal, I c<>"ldllollgn"'~ Ih.· t-olor lind rQrml,1 '1"lIll1y uf the lIIall' ­ria lS. B,u il is pan of Jll panese \r.,dilion 10

huiltl spm:es usillg difTeTt:nl lIat"I"a\ lIlal,.­ria ls Ih"l ofTer 11I111" 'cIlQIIS ('i ,romlllic cf_ fet1S. 1I0w",· .. ,· 1 a m coll, in.-eti Ih lllliJe co­lo.os o f Il"hll~, of\\oo<:l. of IIII' soil, Qf s/oues.ca" be reduced to nlonodirome ... \1)' prohlem h nOl wood ilse lf, bUI Ihl' s lJII ­... , tilul CIHl he dnm·n rrom wootluml Ihc l)"IIe Ofae.Ult'lil" f"cling Ih"l can he dcri­,,,d rrom "0<.>11"". Tllb Is a f(·rling tlllli lila)' clmnge Ihrou­ghout time, .ince wood ehllllges 0010.- M

",1'111"5 go hy. ln Ih" IIleantime, ,\oHIQ illll,g l_

dl ... s i pu ll dt' rhal'e dnll~ !'; lI o"".

Sensazion .. che puo nnllllr.' lIeI."01"$O del It'mpo, lIf" rch~ 1I1"lIno t'ambio colo rr "on U IJusS!.rt" degli annl. mil chI' Al1dl) iUllln -10 immllgilla dl slrllniaul .. nto, til aSlrot io­Ill'.

I'erslno IIdl'edllido chI' oSlIlla un II1U" .. O

Il u lurali ~tico, .Il-dicllto proprio IIllegno, Ill'! CllOloe di ''' "I f"ote~la, And" ho e .. itHto IlIlellla ... iolle ' ·emaculll,..,. 0 pi llore,,("a, weferelulo diruoSltare CUllle, I!razie III 11'15111>, 1'/!TehileUura polesse aSlTarsi dal IUo!!!Q $(> 117.11 per ' lul'SIO es.5l'"' in contra­, 10 con .'sso. La coslruzlon" ha "n~ pianlll l'J1u lll ... , 10 SPIl7.;O cenlrale (~p{'r1 0) ~ O('<"lIpalo dll 1111 lagli"lIo artlfi c iale . II percorso si ~vl· luppa lungo 1I 1)~ ralll lJa clln·ili n .. 11 elie 5i noda "WinlerllO do,e SOIlO eSllosli glJ

ogl!~\l1 della 1ll0Slra, rlfaiti "lin clllhirn della fore5111. VI 51 ne("~dr. coon" a 5i,·lglia, !.\l ra ,·erso Un iKlnll<'elJo Inlegno chI' Ifl' lu,ssa la t'O­~I rll:r;\olle dll pllr1e a par1e. S05pesa su i· l'ae,!II" dello spmo;io illie rno " sui ,· .. rll e di q\lello e5ler IlO. 1"'11 11 0 e d uequa: 10 St"5!10 !!!ioco lII"I"05i· ('0 COli dIll' cl~lIlcl11i prlmari 51 rilrovn .. ellemplo di KQm)"o_IL" Sal jo, Giappoll .. (2000). riL"OstMlilO a sosl it u.·nc II no tli IJi"

nes a feeling ofeslr;r"gemenlll.1t:I "IHII"/IC­tloll for lh ~ presc ,,!. E,en in lhe building tlu'l hOS!6 I, "alurall· sli(" mllseum de,oled 10 wood itse lf, luca­led ill III .. heart of H fOl~sl. Ando hilS s tAyed 1',,"1' ) from ' ·eMlacular. piL1 ure$flue lempla­lions, II lid insl"ad oplcll fo r sho"ing huw, Ihanks 11.1 wQOt], IIrcilil"l1 un: e,, " be 1111 ph­Slmct;on ,,1Iholll being I" co.urast ,,1I1i Ihe setting. The building hA ~ II ring-sha ped planl whose cclliral space (un''D,·ered) Is OC"O;uIlied by a SI1l~lI artlflciallake. 'n, e IJlllh I'tHlS Along II curvilinear TllInp Ihal de ­\"elO1>5 inside, where Ihe ohjecl5 ofth .. e.t hibi!. dClllin!! wilh Ihe world ofth,· fore-51, are di splayed . II CIIli be acces..<ed, like in Se'ille. Ihrough " sllwli "ood"n bridge thlll crosses Ihe hullding frolll end 10 end, suspended o,'e r Ihe innl'r space which conla;ns wa ler li nd "11 Ihc OIl ier SP!It~ whidl ~-ontl, ins "egetll ' tlon. \Ioud anti "aler: Ihe SIIIne melophysical !Clime ,,"ilh two pl'hmu·)· .'lemenIS Is OIlCl, ag"i n found inlhe Iconllie ofKolllyo-j i, in 511111.1, Jupml (2000) . .... buill in "rdcr 10 n:­plHe<" IIJ1olh .. rollc buill ilIOt" IIiRn 1250 ye"rs a llo. The projecl req llireme nt was simple: " I ,,·ould li ke Il lemple whe re peo-

tli l W IInn i fll . L·in.II.·lIlioll,' prol\t"tt un!e e rll Slaia Sl' mpli~: , o rrd \III If"mpio do ..... la gl' n le po~~~ ra~-cO!l lie r'i 1 1I ~le "' ''llCr pr .. gHre . nO "·l1lpio apeJ10 nih. COIIIII · nitil ".

Cio Ilonoslllnle it '~N'hio " ' '''pio reda­m'" 8 r ispello I ... r 10 511a slorll' . I' p.'r 18 slorill 111'1 poSlo. La ri~poslll di Alldo ~ SI1lla nIlCOI·/1 III'" volta IIn 'nrchilettufll I,slralla. sosJ}t:sa sUU'I,equll. 5ublinumllo nlmass imo il s"nso ."'11'11 .... qua romc d('IlIpnIO primal"io tielluogo (ill .. lIl]lio sllTV .. a s u IIn3 sorgenl .. ) I' del legno come mate riale prilllllriO dcWar­chiletlura, Alldo till un 11110 rla fr~rln " COil fona 1I risp{'IIO de lla lIeograna I' della slorln , I1lent ,. .. ,h,lI'lIllro S(" lie ~fTr!lllCI' ri­,end ieando ~ 51' SIl"550 IR posslbili lA tli eSl'ri",cre collie at('hitello l'e5s .. nt~ dell e t"Ose , " Per '"e I'U!leIlZll d .. lla arc:hitetlura tra ­di7.ioJlIIII· JilinI'll gil'ililonese ~ es'lt' lltilll­menle HsseJ1lh!agg;o: IIlo!tlsSill1i il,,1.zi 80-no laglillli per coslruire lin slugolo edifi c!o, I' !'edifid" pn: llde form:1 man mallO chI' Ie "I.rie pllr1i "~Ilgono l11(>n la-I .... Thle Iel"nkll e SUlII' ..... rfe7.ionatll rea -1i7.1.,,"do op"rc tli pole nlc 1,,' 111'7.7.11 Slru l­Inrale .. . Iu 110 \"o lulO creare '1110 Sl'~l io

e1,e IOrnasse a UI' origlni deirarchllellura

• pie ean galher to pm}" R temille oP'"" 10 th .. comll1l1 nity". "\'e'-er1hdess. Ihe old I"mple rlocillimed re­spect for its hislOr)" lind for III" hislol) of Ihe plt. l"'. Alldo's An s,,·er WA~ onc .. more 1111 abSlmet type of archil .... 1ur .... suspended on Wilier. lIy suhlimatillg al tilt' hig/lesllevel lite sell ­se Ihal ... "Ier 15 "I'rimll l)· elemelll oflhe ell,1ronment (Ihe lemple;s loca ied on" spring) find thltl wood is a primal'Y mill e­rilll ofarchilectun:. Ando on Ihe OIl" ha"d Sirongly reamnn~ the rcspeCl for geo. graph}' li nd hi story. ami on Ihc other h:OIld he seU himself fl"'H' hy recl"iming th .. JJOs­sibility 10 ':"P''''85, lIS Ull archit ect, Ihe es­$t:nce of lhing$. Mfor me the e8sellce of lradilional Japane­St: woodan:hltect llre Is er.scntlally repre­$t:nled by aS$(>mblage! /I grelll llutll ber Qf plece5 /Ire CUI 10 build II 8;ngle building. Ill1d Ihe building lakes shupe ItS the HlriOUS paru are IIssembled. Such a technique hilS been relined by mukln g ... orks Ilml Ort· siructurnily ' ·cl)· beautlfuL. I wanled 10 crea te a Splice Ih/ll ,,"uuld 110 IUld 10 Ihe origins of wooden archltecture"l1. '11,1' ",sull is'' building s llPIH)r1ed by fOllr large "colu lI1ns" (each formell by " plll:,r:'l),

, Tad80Ant:io, Casa del t~. Osaka. Glappgne, 1985-86

" MVl'tOV. CDSII bifarnlllllre, Utrecht. Olanda, 1995-97

" Tad80 Ando, Padighooe del Glappooe, Sivialla. Spa(nIl.1989-92

" Pele!" Zomlhor, Cappella SOgrl Benedelg. Sumvitg. GraubUnden, $viuera, ,,, ... " Peler Zumlhor, padlgl lone della Sviuera. HlIIIIlOYer. Germanoa,2000

, Tad8OAndo. Tea hoose, Osaka, Japan. 1985-86 ,.

"

MVROV. Oouble hoose. Utre<:nt. The Netherlan(ls. 1995-97 H Tad80 Ando, Japan pavil lw, Sev1l1e, Spain, 1989-92

" Peler ZUmlhOr. Cappella SOgrlBeoedetgchapel. Sumvitg, GraubUnden. Switzerland , 1985-88

" Peler Zomlhor, Swiss pavilion. Hannove r. Germany. 2000

n

III It' F{1 'O"' l. II ri~ullHhJ I- un "dln~'i() SO$I~Jlul" da 4 ~r;1I1111 "('0101111 .. " (('III<culla C()IllPOSlII dll ipilaSlri). dliuso da un~ I'Oper1ura sor· r,'na dll Irl' .<Ira ll di 'ra,; In('mciat,·., d.,· Ihlllln.o dn nnn doppin pll...,t~ perimetn· It'. OueS'1I ~ ros.iwHII IIIJ'interno dllllnil Itllmll Ili croda.a di sonili cl"mCl1li lignei ('hI' Intrlnllll,n I n'lrlr nirl'SlemO da un~ lilll' ..erie Iii lUontllnli n ' nlcllii (crn 15 x 21 In'ennllllll da 15), chI' sl specchill sui· I'n~'tj"II. L'l'liificio in queslo modo semllru qUlIsi e .tlett l're !I"lIe IICqlll' . I' galleggian-i so· prll. 1.11 t'OIH.'l'1urll SllOrge s u Iulli e quanro; tllti ,hdl't'dificio, nppnn' solo !IO!glllla. I.J' luI''' fihr/l 1i/lII'e51e rl10 IIl1'inlrnlO C vi, ("e n' l'Sa . 1.11 d,·mlln·"7.ione frll intenll) ed rslt' ruo risuill. irulennila. l.·id~1I dl "cos' rllire un oggello archilello­nleo COnlClI1jlorllnco" I" modo alipiro. rio currt'mlo lu i ,II. 11I"tui,de ed It .ecnlche cosiru lllvt' autlche. ha II ITII scilmto I1l1che Peler e "nnalisl' Zumlhor' "Immagini di forml' IIrch lt,·I!Onich., lIit, vis' " ~i Fomlo· no couldcc UlIO"e. SII"IIIO allu basI' del ",io pl'Og('ltarc"lI. E "ma cosll'ldclI delh' cllpp.,lI" II Sogn Ilr,wd"'g, ill S,·i1.1.etll. I'~II~""' ill legno. e

do~eot hy (t eoH'rlng held "I' by three layers of 1I,I(·rtwll11',II)(,IIIlIS ,IIld cnclo~cd lIy nil edcrnal douhle "'"11. The wall is (or· n1l'll. onlhc 1t,~lde, hy 1\ subtle Interlwined framework madl' ofthill wooden rklllent~ Ihu. (mmc Ihe I lllllCS. ,,,,,I Oil thc oUlside II)' II thick '·4'ni4·.~1 Sl'rit's ofsllU!s (15 x 21 CIlI.

wilh a" in .enal of 15). ren",cted by Ihe wa· ter. 'n,is IIlllkt'! Iht' b"ihling look HS if il IIlll1os! .. ", .. rl!;t'(1 from .he water lind was floaling Oil i •. 1111' l'Q"e ring jlroferts on all four sides of the building :mtl it looks liS if I! ,,"' .... onl) restill! on 111<' structure. U t hl filters in from o .... side IIlId '-i~ H·T51I.

TIll" IM)lIndary IM:I"'e"1I "ut~;de Dlld inside 15lndcnllile. TIll' Idea of"huliding'' contempol1lt")· /lr·

ehltCClurnl olllcct~ in /I II atypical ,,-ay, n.lllg alltirllt ",n!crial alld buildillg led,· "i~III CS. hIlS raSdmt.cli !'c!er and "nnalis-a Zumlhor AS ..... 11: ~lllIagcs of archilectllr,,1 [o .. ms thll' h'''-e nlrc(l\ly It.:en seen ming'''' wilh ~ ... w hlcll.< lind 01',· Ihe fOIl",I"lion o( Illy Iii-sign"". This is how 11\,' id."n For the Sogn Hellcoidg. In S" i'~el·hllnl. urose. It was 'hollghl of in wooII. 1101 in mn~ollry. !IO .hm God's hOllS<:

nOn in n",rntu"'l . llert'hf!i. ('n~~ di Dlo (OSSt' pli! slmll l' 11111' ""('('hit' ("l' se del {'ouilldi"i .. ('om" qU1'1I1' dh·rllla«4·. ('till illernpo. scura WIIO III 1m ... ,11'1 sol .. : 11l'ra al111to .<"fl. p:rigio nrgl'lllo al 1,, ' 0 nord". Pens.ata ~'onll' fosse ·una harcH In na"I,I1n 7.ione", un 1IO'Ik'r la fonna. moHo Iliil ller la mllieria: il le,no. II "polt'~ ronnolatilo"o:on(erlto aflli cdi­lici dat legno, '-a a l dl III d{'L1a fom,a . Ern­bk'nalieo" 4111e5to Prol,o~ i'o ~ L1lmdi· glione s\'izzero all'F.>:11O di IInnno, {'r, se rnpre dl Zurlllhor. LI quaiI'. de5<.'rhen· dolo. hn parla.o infalll di "{,"I'nto st'nw· ri"le". 45.000 assl dl legno I'resco. aceatasta tc e Illscia.e t'ssicean' al sole mUi llOlIgono qurlln r he l- SCn7)I dubbio III CUSlnll lo",. pill ori!!,i"ale per rllPI'reSenlarl' 11 valort' deWllso dellegno a prc8eh"lcr~ dnlla for­ma. !'rOllrio prl"Chf ~i tl';llIn di ,UM c ... m· posi7.ione Sl'nllt fO nll n. di un Inblrlnlo gl'ometrico. verrcbbe dn dir~. SC!l1.a nf capo I1C codu. COS!I ~ clle t'ende nlTnsd· nanl" 'I'lI'sto "difido? II (nllO chI' ~ \'i,'o. v,wiahlte pel's ino lIeI vohlltJe. soggello al _ ra-lione tiel sole, della ploggl ••. t!4'I.cm-110, slIlontuhilc. ";lIlilil.'I.utJih·. mno,fo. cu­pltee tli aSMllne."e al're Intlnlle forme, allri infini.i spazi.

"-0111(11001. lik4" old 11i'!{~ant hOIlWS, nml like UI I'''' . it \\"ollid (I""kell under Ihe SIlII "ilh Ihe passing of!!",e: hlnck on Ihe Soulherl' side. sih·er· grIlY 011 Ihe N"nhem sidr". It w~s mneehed M if it were "a 1I",.lgnting boal~. a bll h~'("a use of Its fonll. mnch more becallS(' Ofthl' mnll'rin l of which ills mn­dc, "-(KKI. TIlt' ~eo"'lOtnliollolllOwer" gil-en 10 huil · dings by"-ootI !OCS beyolld fonn. In .hls reS\X'd. the S,,-iM I"" 'ili"n by "',umlhor for the IImlllo,'er EX11O, is ellll)le,,,atie. In r"C(, "hen he descrihl'd it. hI' SI)O~C of It as /I "sensor)" e'·em". 45,000 fresh woo<kn IKNlrds, R~.nllll"'ed

and dried inlht' sun. fOtlll wbO! Is undoub· ledly the 1II()!;1 original building 10 repre­sent Ihe ,-"h,,. of using wood 115ldl' from conSidering fonn. II Is indeed a eolIlIIOSI· lion wilhoul forlll. a geometric Inbyrluth. Olle wOllld tike 10 $IIy .... Hhou. twgluiling 0 ..

end . Wilit' mnkes Ihi$ hnihilng fllscinming? TIle filet lIUH il is all\"e. "odahle cWlllu tenllS o( ,·olll"'e. subje~110 the 1I(1ioli of the sun. of I'IIln, of lin ... , it ('an tu' IlIsM­semblc.1 anol1"Cllsed.II is IIIIIo{'phoIlS. ~" .

pa l'll' of assuming o.her Inlinlh' fO'·llIs. other iulinilc SPIl{"eS.

110.1':

I Dal .tiS('(lr~o lOau~"rHle tli Mies \/111 1I"r lIohl' all'Arlnour lusli1ule of Technolog) ("IT). 20 nO"embre 1!B-8, Chicago. In: F. NC III11C) er, "Mil's '-all der Rohe. I~ archi. t.·lIu ..... gli !;<'rit1i ~. \liIIlIlO. 1996_ , Ihlde lll ' \\ . Cropius. cil. in ,,_ Jaeggi. "Oal blocco ('hi u ~o alia l'QIIllwnc trazione del ,·olullll~.

IIMS4'glla n_15. 1983 • Sle'en 11011. "Co\. archilect" II , 1993 \ CnrlQ 8alllllM'hln!er I' Oien"ar Eberle. " I'ralica e d'"lettica deUII oecessitll~.'", C. Ce .... 'le ..... "Baumschl3ger & EbertI' I'rofontiitll plas!iche I'd eSll'lkhe dl'! 'WII·

'ro~. 'IeHi 1999. • S. 11011. In J~IT .... y Kiplli~. "Un" Con"er­sacion mil Ste,ell i loll". III ~EI CtOIjuis" 11 . 9';,1998. Ste'-en 11011 1996 1999". ' Ibidem. 8 (cfr. Mmeria 31). " Oatlu relllzione dei prol!",Uisti.ln "Do· llIus" 792. Hprile 1997 p.38 'U ""dl DoulUs 810. ditt!llIlJ,-t' 1998. " "1/I([ao Ando, Ie ollere I' gli scrini~ • • 1

cu ru di F. Dal Co. p. 468 11 1\"1;,,, And", III "II+U" p. 98 "Cns"b~lIl1" 689 p_ 36-38 1\ In "tJoIllUS" 7 10, I'. 47

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