Symmetric T and Staircase slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for S

Band,Wimax Application by Using IE3D Software Poonam Sinha1 ,Deepak Kumar Kashyap2

poonamuit@yahoo.com1.deepakready@gmail.com2

PG Coordinator & HOD,Dept.OF ECE,BU-University Institute Of Technology,Bhopal MP India1 PG Student (MMW),Dept. OF ECE,BU-University Institute Of Technology,Bhopal MP India2

ABSTRACT The design and measured results of T and staircase slotted rectangular patches are presented.A single feed compact microstrip antenna with resonant frequency 3.1 GHz is proposed in this paper. The characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using MOM based electromagnetic solver, IE3D. This antenna can be effectively used in wireless communication. An antenna have low profile with enhanced bandwidth and gain. The antenna operating frequency range is 3.1 – 3.8 GHZ with VSWR less than 2 value is 1.04 at 3.4 GHz by using T and SC slot on rectangular patch with coaxial probe feed. The IE3D simulation result shows that the proposed antenna has return loss of -32.94 dB[S11] angle 60.06 [S11] at 3.47 GHz with 20.28 % impedance bandwidth at 3.1 – 3.8 GHz, Gain of 3.63 dBi at 3.48 GHz, Efficiency of 90 % at 3.1 GHz with VSWR less than 2.The proposed antenna adopts metallic ground plane patch lies on Rogers RT/Duroide 5880 dielectric constant of substrate /relative permittivity 2.2 dielectric constant is very low 2.2 so that it provides good bandwidth.Microstrp feed line technique probe feed which is used 50 Ω impedance.WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) has three frequency bands- the lower band(2.5-2.69 GHz),the middle band(3.2-3.6 GHz),and the upper band ()

Keywords T and Staircase slot, bandwidth, IE3D simulator, coaxial probe feed, return loss, VSWR, Gain, Directivity, microstrip patch, Linear Polarization

1. INTRODUCTION ireless Communication [1] has been developed widely and rapidly in the modern world especially during the last two decades. The

future development of the personnel communication devices will aim to provide image, speech and data communication at any time, and anywhere around the world. This indicates that future communication terminal antennamust meet the requirements of wideband to sufficiently cover the possible operating band. . The IEEE 802.16 working group has established a new standard known as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for

Microwave Access) [4] which can reach a theoretical up to 30-mile radius coverage. Moreover, in the case of WiMAX, the highest theoretically achievable transmission rates arepossible at 70 Mbps. One of the potential applications of WiMAX is to provide backhaul support for mobile WiFi hotspots. Researchers are focusing on how to design antennas for WiMax technology. WiMax has three allocated frequency bands, the low band (2. 5-2.69 GHz), the middle band (3.2-3.8 GHz) and the upper band (5.25.8 GHz). Due to its advantages such as low-cost, small size low weight and capability to integrate with Microwave integrated circuits, the microstrip patch antenna [2], [3] is a very good candidate for integrations in applications such as wireless communication systems, mobile phones and laptops. This paper describes a multiple T slot & Staircase slot microstrip antenna is designed and simulated for achieving the WiMax middle band some other radar applications are attracting more and more attentions in a wide range of applications. Miniature antennas are also well desired for wireless communications systems. Therefore as bandwidth enhancement and size reduction are becoming major design considerations for practical applications and our design meet both the criteria with better efficiency. Use of FR4 _ epoxy materials [7] & Slotted antenna etc.them slotted antennas are most preferred one and in past various shapes [4 ], [5 ], [6 ] have been explored for wireless applications. A Multi U-slot patch antenna has been reported recently for GSM application [8]. In the present paper, we have used multiple T slots for achieving for Wimax/S band application with compact size of antenna...

2. DESIGN FORMULAS AND PROCEDURE

2.1 Design Formulas The electric field lines in the antenna mostly move in the substrate and even a bit out of the substrate in the air so the

value of 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 is slightly less value than that of εr [6].

W

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The Calculation of the Width (W) is 22.80.

𝑊𝑊 = C

2fo(εr+1)2

………………….. Eq.(I)

The Calculation of effective dielectric constant (𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀):

𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 = εr+12

+ 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀−12

[1 + 12hw

]1/2…EqII

The Calculation of effective length (𝐿𝐿𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀):

𝐿𝐿𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 = C2fo√εreff

………eq-III

The calculation of length extension (ΔL):

∆𝐿𝐿 = 0.412ℎ(𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀+0.30)(𝑤𝑤ℎ+0.264)

(𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀−0.258)(𝑤𝑤ℎ+0.8) eq-IV

The calculation of actual length of patch (L):

𝐿𝐿 = 𝐿𝐿𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 − 2𝛥𝛥𝐿𝐿….eq-V

The calculation of ground plane dimension (𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 and 𝑊𝑊𝐿𝐿):

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 6ℎ + 𝐿𝐿 ……eq VI

𝑊𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 6ℎ + 𝑊𝑊 …….eq VII

2.2 Antenna Geometry The antenna geometry is shown in fig. 1, where a coaxial feed rectangular patch is printed over [1] Rogers RT/Duroid substrate of thickness h=1.5 mm, relative permittivity ℰr =2.2 and tangent loss is 0.0009. T & SC slots are cut on the patch surface separated by ground plane Lg × Wg = 18.58× 22.80 mm. The dimensions of the antenna that give a broad impedance bandwidth are listed in Table I, which are obtained via iterative process [1].

Fig.1. Geometry of proposed antenna

Sr.No. Parameter Unit(mm)

1 ℰr 2.2

2 h 1.5

3 δ 0.0009

4 L 18.58

5 W 22.80

6 Lg 27.58

7 Wg 31.80

8 Xf 8.8

9 Yf 9.9

Table 1: Dimensions of proposed microstrip patch antenna

2.3 Parametric study The parameters that have critical influence on the antenna performance are chosen for parametric study [1]. These parameters are width of patch (W), length of patch (L), dielectric constant (εr ) etc. To study their effects on the antenna performance, parametric study is carried out on the parameters mentioned above; using the IE3D simulation software .We can improve the performance of antenna by changing the parameters.

3. SIMULATED RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The simulated results of proposed antenna are shown in Fig. 2-9 by using IE3D simulator. The bandwidth of proposed antenna is 28% (4.5 – 6 GHZ) is achieved. The return loss is - -38.86 dB is achieved. The bandwidth of antenna is calculated at -10 dB of S11 plot which represents the usable frequency with reasonable performance.The simulated result of proposed antenna show that the VSWR less than 2 VSWR value is 1.04 at 3 GHz Fig. 3.

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International Journal of Advanced Technology for Science & Engineering Research. www.ijatser.com, Volume 1, Issue 1, October 2015 – November 2015, Page 37-41

Fig.2. Simulated return loss of proposed antenna.

Fig.3. VSWR of proposed antenna

Fig.4. Smith chart of proposed antenna

Fig.5. Directivity of proposed antenna

Fig.6. E-total Gain dBi at 3.47 GHz of proposed antenna

Fig.7. Gain of proposed antenna

Fig.8.Axial - Ratio of proposed antenna

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International Journal of Advanced Technology for Science & Engineering Research. www.ijatser.com, Volume 1, Issue 1, October 2015 – November 2015, Page 37-41

Fig.9.Antenna and radiating efficiency of proposed antenna

Fig.10.3D viewof proposed antenna

4. CONCLUSION

The objective of this project is to design a rectangular multilayer patch Microstrip antenna and to study the responses and the radiation properties of the same. Multilayer Micro-strip patch is also useful to provide protection to patch from heat, rain, physical damage, and naturally formed ice layers during flight. Further Antenna dimension shows the compactness of the design with a dielectric constant of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 having 2.2 dielectric constant ,which has a loss tangent of 0.0009 at 3GHz.Aim of this project is to design Microstrip patch antenna using T and Staircase slot with low profile and coaxial probe feed has been proposed simulation is 90.7 % at 3.4 GHz. The work can be further extended by introducing shorting pins and stacked patch configuration to include more bands and cover other bands of Wimax applications. The proposed antenna which comes under S-Band (2- and analysis of results has been done by using IE3D simulator. The result of proposed antenna can be improved by varying slot size. The proposed antenna has 20.28% impedance bandwidth (3.1 – 3.8 GHZ) with VSWR less than 2.It is value is 1.04. The return loss of -32.94 dB at 3.4 GHz, Gain of 3.63 dBi at 3.47 GHz, Antenna Efficiency is 90.5 at 3.4 GHz . Radiation Efficiency of proposed antenna after 4GHz) of microwaves can be used in RADAR applications like weather radar, surface ship radar, and some communications satellites.

5 REFERENCES

[1] Mobile Communications Engineering, C. Y Lee ,2/e McGraw-Hill 2001

[2] “K.L Wong Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas”,

[3] John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1992 [4] Rajkot 11-13 May 2012, Page(s):45 - 48 [5] Archevapanich, T., Anantrasirichai, N,” Inversed E-

Shape slot antenna for WLAN applications” IEEE International Conference on Control, & Automation ICCAS 2007, Seoul

[6] Latif, S.I, Shafai, L.”Wideband and reduced size Micro strip L-slot antennas for wireless applications”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, 20-25 June 2004 Vol.2, Page(s): 1959 - 1962

[7] J. S. Roy and M. T. Themal, "Design of a circularly polarized Microstrip antenna for WLAN," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 3, 79-90, 2008.

[8] Han Xiong, Yue-Hong Peng ”Impedance Bandwidth and Gain Improvement for Microstrip Antenna Using Metamaterials “,Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Volume 55, Issue 4, pages 786–789, April 2013

[9] Ranjan Mishra,Nitin Muchal, and Ravi Shankar Mishra multiple T slot antenna UWB microstrip patch antenna wimax applications 2014 IEEE conference.

[10] Kuldeep K.Parashar,VK Singh nad Ratnesh Tiwari Microstrip patch antenna for WiMAX/ALAN Applications ISSN 2349-1094 Vol_1,Issue_1_2014

[11] Rahul gupta ,Dr.D.K. Raghuvanshi,Design of E Shape patch antenna using IE3D Simulator,ISSN 2250-2459 volume 3,Issue 8 August 2013.

[12] IE3D user manual About the Authors Deepak kuame kashyap1 is presently pursuing MTtech(Microwave & Millimeter wave)) from Barkatullah University Institute Of Technology, BarkatUllah University ,Bhopal India affiliated to Barkatullah University.He is currently workins as Technical Assistant CSIR-AMPRI Bhopal(Govt. Of India). Past also working as Junior Engineer (Telemetry) Narmada control Authority (Govt. Of India)He has obtained his B.E.(E&I) with Hons. from SATI ,Vidisha M.P.s . His research interests include Patch antenna design, and modelling of Microwave and RF Components. Dr.Poonam Sinha2 is presently working as an HOD & PG Coordinator Professor in ECE Department of BUUIT, ,BU,Bhopal.B.E.(1993), M.Tech (1998)., PhD (2002) from MANIT , Bhopal inElectronics Engineering Present Status: Head (Electronics & Commm , IT) & PG Course Coordinator, (BUIT)Chairman Board of Studies (Elex, IT. CSE Engineering) Barkatullah University Bhopal (M.P.)India CSI Best Teacher Award 2006International Award for Research Paper 2010Honoured by IETE & CSI Chapter on Engineers Day 2009 International Journal paper publication - 40Hon

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Secretary for Bhopal Chapter 2010-12Treasurer IETE M.P. & C.G. State 2008-10Visited Italy, Nepal PhD Supervised in Electronics Engineering - 11 candidates M.Tech Thesis -54Expert Lecture delivered on communications at National & Institute CSIR National Awards JRF -1995 CSIR National Awards SRF -1996

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