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On Line Real Time Health Monitoring of ICU Patients using On Line Real Time Health Monitoring of ICU Patients using On Line Real Time Health Monitoring of ICU Patients using On Line Real Time Health Monitoring of ICU Patients using ARM7ARM7ARM7ARM7
Abstract Care of critically ill patient requires prompt & accurate
decisions so that life-protecting & lifesaving therapy can be
properly applied. Because of these requirements, ICUs have
become widely established in hospitals. Difficulty found in most
hospitals is that Expert has to frequently visit the patient &
asses his/her condition by measuring different parameters.
These systems works when there is any emergency by using
different wireless technologies. This paper is mainly based on
continuous monitoring aspect of ICU patients.
I have designed, developed a reliable, energy efficient patient
monitoring system. It is able to send parameters of patient in
real time. It enables the doctors to monitor patients parameters
(temp, heart beat , ECG) in real time using http protocol The
timely manner of conveying real time monitored parameter to
doctor is given highest priority. Hence On line Real time Health
monitoring is becoming popular for the ICU patients.
Keywords: Sensors, ARM7 microprocessor, GSM /GPRS
UART modem, HTTP protocol
1. Introduction
1.1. Problem definition:
Currently there are number of health monitoring systems
available for the ICU patients. All these systems works
mainly when there is any emergency occurs. It means
information is transmitted to server mainly when there is
any abnormality occurs. But main problem with these
systems is that it is not capable of transmitting data
continuously also range limitations of different wireless
technologies used in the systems .So to overcome these
limitations of systems I have proposed a new system
This system is able to transmit the parameters of patient
continuously and over long distance by establishing HTTP
Connection via GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
1.2. Proposed system:
Projected system involves different sensors, ARM 7
microprocessor, GSM / GPRS UART modem .The sensors
continuously sense the parameters of ICU patient & send
to ARM 7 microprocessor. Processor converts these in to
digital form and then these parameters are transmitted to
server PC by establishing HTTP connection via GPRS
(General Packet Radio Service).
Fig.1 proposed system
Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Sensor 3 ARM 7 - TDMI
Processor
RS-232 GSM /GPRS
TTL UART
modem
Bed Side
PC / Local
PC
Patient in ICU To Server PC (Expert Doctor)
Sensor sense Physiological parameters
Sends real time on line data
Long Distance
2. Actually developed system:
The actual system is shown in figure. Here I have designed 3
sensors it uses temp, ECG, heart beat sensor. All the parameters
are continuously sensed by sensors and then send to processor. It
converts these parameters into digital form and then these
parameters are send to modem and by establishing http
communication (via GSM / GPRS ) using AT commands
transmitted to server PC .On server side I have developed
VB.Net application which downloads all the data which is
transmitted. And then display these parameters in the form of
waveforms.
Fig2. Actually developed system
3. Designing:
The designing part includes basically three sections as follows,
� Hardware design
� Ready to use hardware modules
� Software design
3.1 Hardware design: It includes Power supply design, Temperature sensor, Heart beat
sensor, Electrocardiograph sensor and RS-232 connector circuit
3.1.1 Power supply circuit: The hardware of project requires different power supplies.
5 v: for temperature sensor circuit, heartbeat circuit, RS 232
connector circuit.
3.3 v: for ARM 7 TDMI microprocessor.
+/- 9 v: for ECG sensor circuit.
I have designed 5 v power supply using bridge rectifier,
regulator IC 7805 and a filter. This 5 v supply I have given to
the IC 1117 It is a 3.3 v regulator IC .This IC takes 5 v as a
input and gives 3.3 v as its output which is then given to the
ARM 7 microprocessor.
I also designed another power supply which is required for
modem; it is also 5 v supply, with high power and high current
capability.
3.1.2 Hear Beat sensor:
Fig.3 Heart beat sensor
For Heart Beat Sensor I am using IC LM 358.Its dual low power
operational amplifier Licit consists of a super bright red LED
and light detector. LED needs to be super bright as the light
must pass through finger and detected at other end. When heart
pumps a pulse of blood through blood vessels, finger becomes
slightly more opaque so less light reached at the detector. With
each heart pulse detector signal varies this variation is converted
to electrical pulse.
3.1.3 Temperature sensor:
Fig.4 Temperature sensor
For temperature sensor circuit, I am using LM35 its Precision
Centigrade Temperature Sensor. LM35 series are precision
integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
linearly proportional to Celsius temperature.LM35 is rated to
operate over a −55° to +150°C temperature range. This is a 3
pin IC input, output and ground pin.
AR
M 7
Proc
esso
r
LPC
2148
Power
Suppl
Display of All Sensed
Parameters on
Server PC in the
form of
WAVEFORMS
Sens
or 3
5 V
to 3.3
V
+ 9 v
/ - 9v
Sen
sor1
Sens
or 2
M
A
X
2
3
2
M
A
X
2
3
2
AC
Mains
4.3V
To 5
G
P
R
S
M
od
e
m
3.1.4 Electrocardiograph sensor: For ECG I am using IC AD624AD it’s a precision
Instrumentation Amplifier IC. The amplifier takes the input
from 3 Leads / electrodes which are connected to the patient.
The lead arrangement is as shown in fig.
Fig.5 ECG sensor
Fig.6 Lead placement
3.1.5 RS-232 connector circuit: This connector is a serial port connector. It is used to connect
the hardware to the modem. It is used to send the sensed
parameters from patient to the modem, which then transmits all
the parameters to the server PC via http protocol via GPRS.
Another RS 232 connector is used to download the code into
processor.
Fig.7 RS-232 connector
3.2 Ready to use hardware modules:
For this section I am using modem which is readily
available in market by rhydolabz and using 9 v power
supplies for ECG circuit.
3.2.1 GSM/GPRS UART modem: It is built with Quad Band GSM/GPRS engine, works on 850 /
900/ 1800/ 1900 MHz. Frequency band can be set by AT
commands. The Modem is coming with RS232 interface, which
allows you connect PC as well as microcontroller with
MAX232. The baud rate is configurable from 9600-115200
through AT command. Modem is having internal TCP/IP stack
to enable you to connect with internet via GPRS. It is suitable
for SMS, Voice as well as DATA transfer application in M2M
interface. Using this modem, you can make audio calls, SMS,
Read SMS; attend the incoming calls and internet through
simple AT commands. This module connects to specific
application and air interface. It is integrated with HTTP
protocol. AT commands are developed to use HTTP protocol
easily which will be very useful for those data transfer
applications.
Fig.8 SIM 900 modems.
3.3 Software Design: This includes the coding of ARM 7 processor and coding for
downloading of data and for GUI (Graphical User Interface) on
server side.
For HTTP : AT+ commands
For ARM 7: Embedded c using Keil software.
For GUI : VB.Net
3.3.1 for HTTP: For http communication establishment and for data transfer I am
using AT commands. These are used in coding of ARM 7
processor. HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
It is a TCP/IP based communication protocol which is used to
deliver virtually all files and other data, collectively called
resources, on the World Wide Web.
A browser is works as an HTTP client because it sends requests
to an HTTP server which is called Web server. The Web Server
then sends responses back to the client. It is the protocol used
for the web. It is based on a request/request paradigm.SIM900
has an embedded TCP/IP stack that is driven by AT commands
and enables the host application to easily access the Internet
HTTP service.
Steps to be followed to data transfer:
STEP 1: Set the bearer profile.
STEP2: To open GPRS context.
STEP 3: HTTP POST method
STEP 4: Post the data
STEP 5: Post sessions start
STEP 6: Post successfully
3.3.2 for GUI: For graphical user interface I am using Visual studio 2008. I
have designed a GUI using VB.Net .On the server side the code
is developed. This code generates a GUI which includes blocks
for ECG, Temp & HB, and no. of samples; connect GPRS,
Received data, system error message.
3.3.3For ARM 7: The ARM7TDMI-S is a general purpose 32-bit microprocessor,
offers high performance and very low power consumption. ARM
architecture is based on RISC principles, instruction set and
related decode mechanism are simpler than CISC Pipeline
techniques employed ARM Pprocessor supports both 32-bit and
16-bit instructions via the ARM and Thumb instruction sets.
Fig.9 Flowchart of code
ARM 7 having Various 32-bit timers, single or dual 10-bit 8
channel ADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels and 47 GPIO
lines with up to 9 edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins
make these microcontrollers particularly suitable for industrial
control and medical systems, CPU Clock unto 60MHz
I am using LPC 2148 IC for ARM7.For microprocessor I am
using Keil software. The coding includes different steps as
shown in flowchart.
4. Results
The result of this project includes results of compilation,
sensors and GUI. The compilation of C code is done using
Micro Vision Keil software and indicated the generation
of Hex file. The sensor results are generated at different
conditions like normal, after running, after wake up etc.
Reas Data from Port Pins of ARM
7 processor (TEMP, HB, ECG)
Using HTTTP POST method sends
all the data to UART buffer.
Data is sent in packet form, to
server PC.
Check the data on SERVER PC in
the form of WAVEFORMS
(Server PC uses VB based
Make array of the data which is read
by sensors.
A
START
Initialization of all ports of ARM
7 microprocessor
Initialization of UART, ADC
channels
Initialization of SIM 900 Modem
Initialization of GPRS for Modem
A
Initialization of HTTP
communication for Modem
4.1Results of ARM7 code compilation:
4/23/2012 On Line Real Time Monitoring
Fig.10
4.2 Result of Temp & HB Sensors:
Fig.11
5 Final Hardware modules:
Fig.12 Complete designed hardware
6. Future modification or enhancement:
There is always chance to improve any system as research &
development is an endless process. Our system is no exception
to this phenomenon.
The following measurements can be done in future
� Blood pressure
� Pulse oximetry
� Galvanic-Skin Resistance
� Amenia
� WEBCAM technology can visualize patient situations
In future
We can design a system which works in two ways, that means
when the expert receives the data in the form of waveform, after
observing these waveforms the expert will suggest or prescribe
the drug for that situation or condition of patient.
7. Conclusions
From the above designed project I can conclude that we are able
to transmit the data which is sensed from ICU patient to the
server PC by establishing http communication to server via
GPRS .The data is transmitted to server in real time, but if there
is any network error or GPRS error then the data transmission
might be get delayed. We can also check the data transmission
and data downloading status on hyper terminal. So that we can
remove the error if any.
The leads of the ECG sensor must be stick properly to the
patient, which is nearest to the chest side of patient. So that we
get more and more correct ECG.
References [1]IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS
AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 4, NO. 1, FEB 2010 11 An Energy-
Efficient ASIC for Wireless Body Sensor Networks in Medical
Applications Xiao yu Zhang, Hanjun Jiang, Member, IEEE,
Lingwei Zhang, Chun Zhang, Zhihua Wang, Senior Member,
IEEE, and Xinkai Chen
[2]Design and Implementation of Wireless Biomedical Sensor
Networks for ECG Home Health Monitoring ‘08 International
Conference on Electronic Design December 1-3,2008, Penang,
Malaysia Rozeha A. Rashid, Mohd Rozaini Abd Rahim, Mohd
Adib Sarijari, Nurhija Mahalin
[3]2011 International Conference on Information and Network
Technology IACSIT Press, Singapore Remote Patient
Monitoring- An Implementation in ICU Ward Arun E 1+,
Marimuthu V2, Pradeep E3 ,Karthikeyan M4
[4]Wireless Transmission Design for Health Monitoring at
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Wei Chen1, Son Tung Nguyen1,
Roland Coops1 1. Department of Industrial Design,Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven
Netherlands,Sidarto Bambang Oetomo1,2, Loe Feijs1
[5] TRG wireless ECG sensor for mesical Heathcare Application
by Nor Syahidatual nadiah Ismail , Sharifah H.S. Ariffin and