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IL producers justifiably proud of their food systems
Livestock systems
Shabonna, IL ca. 1960
…ca. 2000
1960’s: Slotted flooring
Livestock + crops= good combination
“Sustainable Ag”
Nutrient management incentive recognized by industry
U of I Extension tours early
liquid manure systems, Illinois,
early 1960’s
Before flotation tires
and GPS…
Manure storage size reflects industry consolidation
Manure and wastewater application systems
How livestock industry uses nutrient management planning to reduce
nonpoint source pollution 0 What NMP can do for an operation
0 What NMP can do for the environment
What does a Nutrient Management Plan do for a livestock operation?
0 Recognizes and improves fertilizer use of principle plant nutrients and micronutrients in manure
0 Protects environment, especially water quality
0 Provides a structured base for discussion of management practices between the producer and other interested parties
What does a nutrient management plan for livestock production look like?
Hanabusa, Itchō, 1652-1724
Plan, Performance, and Protection
0 The Plan tells about your operation and what you expect to do
0 The Performance is the record of what you did. This includes annual updates.
Page
Plan, Performance, and Protection
0 The Protection is thinking through how to respond to emergencies
0 All acceptable manure nutrient management plans have these features! (And the CNMP† has others).
†NRCS Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan
Step 2.
General facility
info
Step 3.
Facility/
production
area info
Step 4.
Manure
storage
info
Step 6.
Fields info
Step 11.
Manure storage
and
stormwater
inspection
Step 5.
Manure
sampling
records
Step 6.
Field
inspection
records
Step 7. Manure
lease agreements
Step 8.
Proven yields
Step 14. Emergency response plan
Step 1.
Collect your
information
and begin
PL
AN
P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
PROTECTION
Page 1 of 2
Step 12.
Records of
manure
application
Step 10.
Planned field
application
summary
Step 13.
Manure
application
equipment
calibration
Step 14. Emergency response plan
Step 9.
Crop rotation
plan Deliver finished plan
Current records
PE
RF
OR
MA
NC
E
PROTECTION
PL
AN
Page 2 of 2
What are the challenges to implementing nutrient management plans?
0 Logistical and technical
0 Regulatory
0 Educational
Speed v. rate chart
Maps
Technology
Nutrient management planning: Why, who cares, etc.
0 State and national regulations
0 Federal Clean Water Act, Federal EPA and CAFO regulation
0 IL EPA Title 35 Subtitle E, Agriculture Related Pollution, Parts 501, 502, 506, 560, 570, & 580
0 Livestock Management Facilities Act and Rules Waste Management Plan section 8 IAC Code 900
0 Federal incentive program requirement
0 Environmental Quality Incentives Program
Nutrient management planning: Why, who cares, etc.
0 Facility size based
0 Generally, all “large† operations” are required to have a formal nutrient management plan
0 UI Extension advises all livestock operations to make and maintain a plan, with the same basic structure as used for “large”
†There are at least three different agency definitions of “large” livestock operations in Illinois.
Nutrient management planning: Why, who cares, etc.
0 Ag stormwater exemption requirement
0 Protection is provided for those operating under a recognized nutrient management plan
Nutrient management planning: Why, who cares, etc.
0 Federal EPA CAFO Rules CFR 122.23 e). (1) For unpermitted Large CAFOs, a precipitation-related discharge of manure, litter, or process wastewater from land areas under the control of a CAFO shall be considered an agricultural stormwater discharge only where the manure, litter, or process wastewater has been land applied in accordance with site-specific nutrient management practices that ensure appropriate agricultural utilization of the nutrients in the manure, litter, or process wastewater, as specified in § 122.42(e)(1)(vi) through (ix).
Nutrient management planning: Why, who cares, etc.
0 (2) Unpermitted Large CAFOs must maintain documentation specified in § 122.42(e)(1)(ix) either on site or at a nearby office, or otherwise make such documentation readily available to the Director or Regional Administrator upon request.
Regulatory and practical arenas: Disparity?
0 Setbacks and how to protect them
0 Conflict between application rate constraints:
0 nitrogen and phosphorus “agronomic rates”
0 conservation compliance
Regulatory and practical arenas: Disparity?
0 Manure application timing and methods, and being a good neighbor (contrast with commercial fertilizer applications)
How livestock producers avoid nonpoint source pollution: Good planning
How livestock producers avoid nonpoint source pollution: Good technology
How livestock producers avoid nonpoint source pollution: Good operation
How livestock producers avoid nonpoint source pollution: Good education
How livestock producers avoid nonpoint source pollution: Good records
Technology: Soil injection of liquid manure
Technology: Field research based
0 RUSLE2 soil erosion model
0 P, N risk assessments to drive application methods, timing, rates, placement
NMP and technology
0 Mobile Apps
0 GPS-aided application
0 Variable rate manure application equipment
NMP and technology
0 Towed-hose applicators
0 Nurse tanks
NMP and technology
0 Cover crops for N management and erosion control
0 Buffer strips and contour tillage
0 Tile drainage management
Photo: Mike Plummer, UI Ext. (ret.)
Quick quiz: Nutrient management example
0 Situation:
0 Beef producer with a slotted floor barn, 1200 head capacity, wants to apply liquid manure product to cropland
0 Time: October
0 Place: field that will have corn planted next spring, 200 bu/ac average
0 Regulation: apply at the “agronomic rate”, nitrogen or phosphorus based
0 What rate of manure application does he use?
What the livestock producer community would like to see happen
0 Evolution in regulatory constraints 0 Performance based rather than overly
prescriptive 0 Example: extra setback rules
0 Help with research and technology 0 Ag research is pathetically under-funded by
Federal partners 0 On-the-go manure nutrient
sensing>automatic application rate adjustment
0 Regulatory parity between principally livestock producing and strictly crop producing operations
Summary 0 Livestock industry has the will and incentive to use
nutrient management planning for water quality protection
0 Regulatory framework holds livestock producers to a different standard than other ag sectors (crops)
0 Technological challenges are gradually being overcome
0 Ag research $$ needed
