IlI-AFETAC/PR-93IoO5

* AD-A286 832

COMPUTING OPTIMUM HEIGHTSfor

BALLOON-BORNE RADAR

by

Michael F. SquiresIjxEA

NOVEMBER 1993

DTIC QUAI'ii E'T" 2T

Approved for public release;

d'istribution is unlimited

USAFENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL

APPLICATIONS CENTERZ695-01791 859 Buchanan Street~IIIfl~fN~lScott Air Force Base, Illinois 62225-5116

REVIEW AND APPROVAL STATEMENT

USAFETAC/PR-93/005, Computing Optimum Heights for Balloon-Borne Radar, November 1993,

has been reviewed and is approved for public release. There is no objection to unlimiteddistribution of this document to the public at large, or by the Defense Technical InformationCenter (DTIC) to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).

TERRY ITNG Lt Cot USAF MICHAEL F. QU RES

Chief, Operations Division Author/Analyst

FOR THE COMMANDER

GE5EM. HORN'Asst Scientific and Technical InformationFrogram Manager24 November 1993

i jii GRfA&I Li11C ! 0 "" IL

IV i IoA L'

* REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

2. Report Date: November 1993

3. ReprTy Project report

4. Title: Computing Optimum Heights for Balloon-Borne Radar

6. Authors: Michael F. Squires

7. Performing Organization Name and Address: USAF Environmental Technical ApplicationsCenter (USAFETAC/DOC), Scott AFB IL 62225-5116

8. Performing Organization Report Number: USAFETAC/PR-93/005

11. Supplementary Notes: Includes one 5 1/4-inch diskette (described on DTIC form 504,attached) that provides interactive access to tables of radar detection data.

12. Distribution/Availability Statement: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

13. Abstract: The Air Defense Initiative is considering the use of balloon-borne radartransmitters. Tethering the balloon at an optimum height based on atmospheric refractive effectsmaximizes the chances for effective target detection. This report provides information for. determining optimum transmitter heights for balloon-bome radars by considering the effects ofatmospheric refraction. The data is provided on a floppy disk as tables of radar detection datastratified by transmitter and target heights. The tables are accessible through a user-friendlyinteractive PC program that displays the data. Instructions for access to and interpretation of thetables are included. The report summarizes the assumptions, data, and methods used to create thetables.

14. SQi.gt_ Ters. CLIMATOLOGY, ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION, STANDARDATMOSPHERE, ANOMALOUS REFRACTION, ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION, RADAR,BALLOONS, TETHERED BALLOONS, BALLOON-BORNE RADAR

15. Number of Page 18

17 Security Classification of Report: Unclassified

18. Sf.curity Classification of this Page: Unclassified

19. Security Classification of Abstract: Unclassified

20. Limitation of Abstract: UL

Standard Form 2980O iii

PREFACE

This report documents work done on USAFETAC Project 90124600 for theElectronics Systems Division (ESD/XRTI). The purpose of the project was toprovide system planners with information for determining optimum transmitterheights for balloon-borne radars used in the Air Defense Initiative. Using theeffects of atmospheric refraction to select an optimum height for the radartransmitter allows users to maximize target detection effectiveness. Project analystwas Mr Michael Squires, USAFETA.C/SYT.

0

iv 0

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.....................................................1

DATA AND ASSUMPTIONS........................................... 3

METHOD......................................................... 4

INTERPRETING THE RESULTS........................................ 6

SUMMARY........................................................ 8

PROGRAM DISK................................................... 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................... 10

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of USAFETAC Project detection ranges may result. Conversely, if90124600 was to provide Electronic Systems the atmosphere is extremely unstable, theDivision (ESD/XRTI) planners with a way to radar can be refracted abnormally upward,use the effects of atmospheric refraction to decreasing the detection range,determine optimum transmitter heights forballoon-borne radars and maximize target Anomalous refraction also causes "heightdetection efficiency. error,' or the difference between the

indicated altitude of a target on radar and itsRadars are designed with the assumption of actual height in the atmosphere. If the beama "standard atmosphere," which essentially is refracted abnormally downward, the beamrepresents a worldwide, all-season, will detect targets at lower altitudes thanclimatological profile of pressure, expected. The radar display, however,temperature, and moisture as a function of which uses the standard atmosphere as aheight. Given this profile, a radar beam is reference, indicates that the target is at aexpected to refract in a given way at a given higher altitude. Under certain atmosphericaltitude. Every combination of range and conditions, the height error can be thousandselevation angle, then, yields a unique radar of meters (Squires, 1991).beam height. "Standard atmospheric"conditions, however, are seldom, if ever, Most of the atmospheric profiles that causefound in nature. This study uses site-specific anomalous propagation are found at lower

* climatology to provide a better, more altitudes. The radamr beam will be refractedrealistic "atmosphere" and the associated abnormally only if the beam is at a shallowrefractive effects at specific locations, elevation angle (usually less than a few

degrees from horizontal). Therefore, oneCeitain types of atmospheric profiles cause way to mitigate the anomalous effects of"allomalous" refraction of radar beams. In atmospheric refraction is to raise the radarthis context, "anomalous" does not mean transmitter on a tethered balloon so that it is"1rare event"; it simply means that the above the atmospheric discontinuity thatrefraction is different from that in the causes anomalous refraction. If thestandard atmosphere. Anomalous refraction transmitter is high enough, the radar antennacan occur a significant amount of time in would be pointing down at a large enoughsome regions of the world. Locations that angle to minimize refraction effects.have a high incidence of inversions, forexample, also have a high incidence of The primary reason for increasing transmitteranomdlous refraction (Farr'ell, 1988). height, of course, is to increase th(; radar

horizon, or the range at which low-flyingAs an example, very stable layers in which targets can be detected. There are severalatmospheric moisture decreases rapidly with things to consider when deciding how highheight (as in radiation and subsidence to tether the radar transmitter, For example,

* inversions) cause the radar beam to be sometimes the atmospheric discontinuityrefracted abnormally downward. In some causing anomalous propagation occurs at

cases, the beam hits the ground. Extended higher elevations; this is especially true in

the case of subsidence inversions. Raising To install and run the program:the radar in this case could actually enhance 0anomalous refraction. 1. Create a subdirectory on your hard drive.

Another consideration is elevation angle. At 2. Copy the file ADI.EXE to your newlonger ranges, the radar beam still penetrates subdirectory from the diskette.the atmosphere at shallow elevation angles.The higher the radar transmitter is tethered, 3. Enter the subdirectory and type "ADI."the greater the distance at which shallow This will uncompress the data.elevation angles will occur.

4. To start the program, type "ADISEL20."There are also engineering considerations.For example, "ground-clutter" can cause 5. The program will ask you for inputs thatproblems. And of course there are practical will display the tables you've selected usinglimitations to the height at which a radar the DOS editor. You may browse or print atransmitter can be tethered. table.

System planners can use this report and the 6. To exit, enter the "FILE" menu and selecttables provided separately on floppy disk to "EXIT." The program will ask your if youexamine trade-offs between different balloon want to view another table. If you sayheights and the limitations imposed by the "YES" you'll be prompted for more inputs.atmosphere. If you say "NO," the program wi!l terminate.

Because of the large amount of information 7. A printing note: The tables are 130to be provided, the data discussed in this characters across. If this is a problem forreport is compressed and stored on one 5 your printer, save the table as a DOS text1/4-inch diskette (included). A user-friendly file. Import this file into a word-processingPC program displays the data in tabular program, change the font to 16 1/2 CPI, andform. An IBM-compatible PC with MS- make the margins as small as possible. ThisDOS 5.0 or higher is required. will let the table fit on one page. Note,

however, that tables for higher transmitterheights are several pages long.

2

DATA AND ASSUMPTIONS

The radar and radiosonde (RAOB) stations given. All RAOB data used in this study wasused in this study are shown in Table 1. from USAFETAC's upper-air database.The information in this report is based on Height, temperature, pressure, and vapor-weather data collected at the RAOB sites, pressure data for each station wai used towhich were, in effect, substituted for the compute modified refractivity at each level.nearby radar site. Distances between radar Gross error checks were performed on alland RAOB sites, as well as the height of the data. A 10-year period of record (POR) wassites above mean sea level (MSL) is also used for each station.

Table 1. Radar and Radiosonde Sites

Radar Location Radiosonde Site Distance(NM)

Mill Valley, CA Oakland, CA 21(2,650 feet MSL) (20 feet MSL)

Makah, WA Quillayute, WA 25(1,463 feet MSL) (203 feet MSL)

Mt Laguna, CA San Diego, CA 38(1,890 feet MSL) (30 feet MSL)

A raytrace model (CLIMORAY, Squires, Because of the spacing of RAOB sites1991), was used to calculate the path of the (typically every 300 NM), there is no otherradar beam through the atmosphere, The way to deal with this problem.CLIMORAY model uses geometric optics(Snell's Law) to perform its calculations. Another assumption deals with the manner inThe RAOB data is used as input to which a target is determined to be detectedCLIMORAY. We did not have "error bars" or not detected. If the radar beam is belowfor the CLIMORAY output, but we plan to a target, "detection" is assumed. If the radarstudy the effect of random and systematic beam is above the target, the target iserrors of temperature and moisture considered "not detected."measurements on raytrace calculations.CLIMORAY has, however, been verified In cases of extreme ducting, a "radar hole"against other raytrace niodels (IREPS, could develop. Although the radar beam.EREPS) that are considered accurate. The may be below the target, it still would not berefractivity profile specified by the RAOB detected. However, if the beam were abovedata is assumed to be representative of the a target in a radar hole, non-detection wouldenvironment along the entire radar path. be assumed.

3

METHOD

Table 2 gives the radar transmitter heights transmitter height versus target heightand target heights specified by the customer. combination represents a data file on theThe eight transmitter heights and four target floppy disk and a separate table-see Table 3.heights result in 32 combinations. Each

Table 2. Transmitter and TargetHeights

TRANSMITTER HEIGHT TARGET HEIGHT(feet MSL) (feet MSL)

SURFACE 150500 500

1000 1000200 300040006000800010000

CLIMORAY was run at 25-NM increments detection, non-detection) for each angle-out to 200 NM for each RAOB at each of range increment combination was computed.these transmitter-target height combinations, All the computed probabilities associatedAt each 25-NM increment, it was determined with a particular transmitter- target heightif the radar beam hit the ground, detected the combination make up one table. After thistarget, or was above the target. This process had been repeated for each of the 32process was carried out over a domain of transmitter-target height combinations, the 32elevation angles that included all the cases of resulting tables were downloaded intodetection. The domain of elevation angles separate PC files.varies with the specific trans mitter-targetheight combination. The next section A single table can be viewed on an IBM-explains how the domain of elevation angles compatible PC by using, the ADISEL20is actually chosen. This process was used program distributed with the data.for the entire POR. ADISEL20 is interactive and user-friendly.

When the user enters station name,'A statistiCal analysis was performed Tor the transmitter height, and target 4ieight in

data associated with the current transmitter- response to a prompt, the appropriate table istarget height combination. Probability of displayed. Users m-ay call up other tablesdetection statistics (beam hit the ground, or exit the program. Tables can be printed.

4

TABLE 3. Example table from PC progmm ADISEL20.

PERCENT 9F TIME A TARGE1 IS DETECTEDTRANSMITTER HEIGHT - WOO FT MSL

MILL VALLEY, CA (OAKLAND RAOR DATA)

TARGET HEIGHT (FT MSL) = 500

I RANGE (NM)3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3I

] 25 3 50 3 75 3 100 2 125 2 150 3 175 2 200] ].............. +...............+.............. ................ +...............+...............+...............+...............I 3 DETECTION ) DETECTION I DETECTION 3 DETECTION 2 DETECTION 3 DETECTION 3 DETECTION 2 DETECTION II 3---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+----4 ------- 33G0D ]YES 2 NO 3G0D ]YES I NO IGNO ]YES 3 NO ]GNO ]YES 3 NO 3GND ]YES 2 NO ]GND ]YES 2 NO JGNO ]YES I NO 2GND )YES 2 NOI

I ..... •.... ÷....÷..... ÷..... ÷.....÷..... +..... ÷....... .... ÷.....÷..... 4 .... ÷.....÷.....+.....÷.....÷.....4.....÷.....+.....÷.....÷.....+.....÷.....

2 -... 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 ] 3 3 2 2 3 ] 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 22-0.701 1002 03 02 1002 02 01 ilIC] .] 0) 100] .] 02 1002 .3 02 1002 .2 0] 100] .2 02 100] .3 0]

)3......-+.................- +........-....... +-------------- ------ ----- +----------*4----+----,- + ......... 4--

3-0.651 1003 03 02 100] 02 02 1002 .] ]0 100] .2 0] 100] .1 02 1003 .2 0] 1003 .3 03 1002 .2 02j ..... ÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷..... +....-- ....--- ....---...---.. .---....--....

3-0.60) 992 1] 03 99] 03 1] 993 .] 11 99] .3 1] 992 .2 13 99] .3 13 99] .1 12 99] .] 12S .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. 4 . . .. .. .. ... . ...... . ..... .÷ - .- ..- - .- - .- -- - .- ..- - .- .. -- -.-- .-÷- .-.- .-- .-- .- --.-.- .-- ..-.- --.-.-- -- ..-.- ÷- -.--.- 4-.-.- -- ..-.-÷-- .-.-- -- ..-.- . . .. . . . ..

2-0.552 89] 11] 03 982 13 1] 982 0] 2] 983 .2 23 982 .3 2] 98] .1 2] 98] .] 2] 90J .1 222-----------------.---------+-------------------------------------------------~+. ~ --- * +--------------

2-0.50) 192* 81] 02 76) 202 3] 76) 0] 242 761 .2 242 76] .] 24] 761 .2 24] 763 . 243 762 .2 2423 ..... ÷.....÷.....÷.....+.....÷.....•....÷.•..........÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.... . .. 4 -------------- ]

2-0.451 62* 94] 02 30]* 582 121 301 32 663 30] 0] 69] 30] 03 702 302 0] 70] 302 .3 702 30] 0] 7021 ---------------.. .... ÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....+.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷..... ]

2-0.40] 22* 98] 12 122* 36] 52] 133 32 842 13] 02 87] 13] 03 872 132 03 87] 132 03 873 13] 01 8731 ..... .... .... ..... ......... .... .... .... .....- .... --......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ]-0.352 03* 69] 313 53 153 80] 63 22 933 6] 0] 94] 6] 03 94] 62 0] 943 6] 03 94] 61 0] 9422............................................................................................................................ I

2-0.301 02 142 853 32 73 90] 33 1] 96] 3] 0] 972 33 03 97] 3] 03 973 3] 0] 97] 33 02 97]1 ..... ÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.... L ..... ÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....•..... ]

3-0.25] 03 63 942 13 52 942 13 13 983 2] 03 98] 22 03 982 2] 03 98] 2] 02 983 22 0] 98]1 ..... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷..................... ÷ ..... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... )

"2-0.202 03 2] 983 1] 3J 96] 13 13 98] 1] 03 99] 1] 03 993 12 03 993 1] 03 99] 1] 0] 99]I ..... ÷..... + .... ÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷.....÷....#÷ ..... +.....÷.....÷.....÷.....+.....÷.....÷.....+.....÷.....÷.....÷..... + .... ÷..... )

2-0.153 0] 1] 993 0] 23 98] 03 1] 993 03 02 992 02 02 99] 0] 0] 100] 03 03 993 03 0] 992) ..... +.... ÷.... +.... +.... ÷........ ... . .. ...... ÷ ..... +.... ÷.... . .. ÷ . .+. ... ÷ .... ÷.... ÷....+.... +....÷.......... .... • .... ÷ .... + .... •.... ÷.... I

3-0.103 03 0] 1002 0] 12 993 03 13 993 0] 03 1003 0] 03 1003 0] 0] 1003 03 0] 1002 0] 0] 100]) ..... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷...................... 3

3-0.053 03 0] 100] 03 11 991 03 03 993 0] 0] 1002 0] 0] 100] 0] 0] 100] 0] 0] 100] O3 03 1002I .. .. ......... ÷ .... • .... • .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷ .... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷.... ÷........ .... 4 ..... ÷.... ÷.... I

30.00 3 03 0] 100] 03 0) 99] 03 03 99] 01 03 100] 0] 0] 100] 0] 03 1003 0] O] 100] 0] 03 1003

]0.05 2 0] 0] 100] 03 0) 1001 0) 0] 1001 03 0] 100] 0] 03 1003 0] 0] 1003 0] 0] 1002 0] 0] 1003S...............................................................................................................................

GND - BEAM HIT GROUND YES - TARGET DETECTED NO = TARGET NOT DETECTED* INDICATES DETECTION IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERE.

99,

INTERPRETING THE RESULTS

An example of the tables provided on disk is the ground 100 percent of the time at allgiven in Table 3, opposite. Displaying these ranges. At successively higher elevationtables, each associated with a particular angles, the percentages begin to transitiontransmitter-target height combination, was from 100 percent in the "GND" column,explained in the previous section. through the "YES" column, until the "NO"

column is filled with 100 percent at allAt each elevation angle-range intersection in ranges. This is the domain of elevationthese tables, three percentages are given; angles discussed earlier. Notice that, asthey represent (1) GND--the percent of time shown in Table 3, it is not necessary for thethe radar beam hit the ground, (2) YES--the POD to reach 100 percent.percent of time the radar beam was belowthe target (detection), and (3) NO--the Some elevation angle-range combinationspercent of time the radar beam was above indicate that the radar beam hits the groundthe target (non-detection). The second case some percent of time ard is above the targetcan be considered as the "probability of the rest of the time. The POD is zero.detection," or POD. Physically, this represents geometries

(transmitter-target-angle-rangecombinations)The example table gives detection in which the target is always below the radarprobabilities for a transmitter height of 1,000 horizon.feet MSL and a target height of 500 feet

S MSL foi- Mill Valley, CA. The asterisks in For example, in Table 3 at an elevationthe "YES" column indicate detection in the angle of - 0.35 degrees and a range of 100standard atmosphere. At 50 NM and -0.45 NM, the radar beam hits the ground 6degrees elevation angle, the table indicates percent of the time and is above the targetthe following: 94 percent of the time. This distribution

repeats itself at 125, 150, 175, and 200 NM."• the radar beam hits the ground 30 percent This is because the radar beam always hits

of the time, the ground at or before 100 NM. Therefore,on successive runs of CLIMORAY at longer

"• the target is detected 58 percent of the ranges, the distribution remains the same.time (POD = 58 percent),

Another use for the tables is to compare the"• the target is not detected 12 percent of the detection specified by the standard

time, and atmosphere with the POD specified by theclimatology for a specific site. An asterisk

"* the standard atmosphere implies in the "YES" column indicates detection(erroneously) that the target would be within the standard atmosphere; this isdetected 100% of the time. usually associated with a high probability of

detection, but not always. Frequently, theAs shown in Table 3, certain patterns are standard atmosphere indicates no detection,evident in all the tables. At the lowest and climatology specifies some probabilityelevation angles, the radar beam is hitting of detection.

0 6

Note that much of the value associated with The tables also allow users to set upthese tables lies in the direct comparison criteria for variables such as target andbetween the standard atmosphere prediction transmitter heights and minimum probabilityand the climatological prediction. For of detection, then determine at what rangeexample, in Table 3, the probability of these criteria would be met. For example, ifdetection at 25 NM ranges from 69 to 98 the transmitter height is 1,000 feet MSL, thepercent at elevation angles where the target is at 500 feet MSL, and astandard atmosphere indicates detection. At probability of detection of at leas t 9050 NM, the probability of detection only percent is desired, at what range couldranges from 36 to 58 percent. Put another detec~tion be expected? According to Tableway, with a transmitter he-ight of 1,000 feet 3, ~he answcr would be about 25 NM. TheMSL, an elevation angle of -0.40 standard atmosphere, however, implies thatdegrees, and a range of 50 NM, a target at a detection would occur at 50 NM.height of f 00 feet would be detectedaccording to the standard atmosphere. Many other criteria could be established,However, climatology (which is closer to such as critical range and POD for a targetreality) indicates that the target will be at a given altitude. The tables could then bedetected only 36 percent of the time. searched for a transmitter height that would

meet those criteria, providing answers tothese kinds of "what if' questions.

70

SUMMARY

The purpose of this project was to provide This report summarizes the assumptions,system planners a way to determine optimum data, and methods used to create the tables,heights for balloon-borne radar transmitters which are accessible on floppy disk throughin order to maximize target detection. To a user-friendly interactive PC programprovide this information, tables of radar provided with the report. Liistructions fordetection data stratified by transmitter and using the tables are also provided.target heights were created.

I

0 8

PROGRAM DISK

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Farrell, R.J., The Persian Gulf Region - A Refractivity Study, USAFETAC/TN-88/004,USAF Environmental Technical Applications Center, Scott AFB, IL, October 1988.

Patterson, W.L., Effective Use of the Electromagnetic Products of TESS and IREPS,NOSC-TD-1369, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, October 1985.

,quires, M.F., Caribbean Basin Radar Network Raytrace Study, USAPETAC/PR-91/005,USAF Environmental Technical Applications Center, Scott AFB, IL, June 1991,

Squires, M.F., Height-Error Analysis for the FAA-Air Force Replacement RadarProgram (FARR), USAFETAC/PR-91/014. USAF Environmental TechnicalApplications Center, Scott AFB, IL, August 1991.

010

DISTRIBUTION

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AWS,/IDO, 102 W Losey St., Bldg 1521, Scott AFB, IL 62225-5206 ................................. 1Det 4, Hq AWS, Bldg 91027, 595 Independence Rd. Huriburt Fid, FL 32544-5618 ...................... 1Dat 5, HQ AW-S, Wall Studio, Bldg 0902, 709 H St, Ste 201, Keesler AFB MS 39534-2447 ............... 1CL-B, HO AWS (ESC/AVD), Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 -2816......................................1CL-K, HO AWS, NEXRAD Ops Support Facility, 3200 Marshall Dr Ste 100, Norman, OK 73072-8028 ......... 1CL-N, HO AWS, c/o ARL (AMSRL-BE-W), Bldg 1646 Rm 24, White Sands Missile Rng, NM88002-5501 ........................................................................ 1

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HO NATO Staff Meteorological Officer IMS/OPS APO AE 09724 ................................... I1USAFE/DOW, Unit 3050, Box 15, APO AE 09094-5015.........................................1USAFE/DOWO, Unit 3050, Box 500, APO AE 09094-5015 ....................................... 1

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, COMNAVOCEANCOM, Code N312, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529-5000 ............................. 2NAVOCEANO (Bernie Rau), Code OISE, Bldg 8100, Rm 203D, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522-5001 ......... 2NAVOCEANO (Tony Ortolano), Code 9220, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529-5001 ....................... 1Maury Oceanographic Library, Naval Oceanography Office, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522-5001 ............ 1Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA 93943-5006 .......................................... 1Naval Research Laboratory, Code 4323, Washington, DC 20375 ................................... 1Naval Postgraduate School, Chmn, Dept of Meteorology, Code 63, Monterey, CA 93943-5000 ............. 1Naval Air Warfare Center-Weapons Division, Geophysical Sciences Branch, Code 3254,Attn: Mr. Roger Helvey, Point Mugu, CA 93042-5001 ........................................... 1

Army Research Lab Battlefield Environment Dir, ATTN: AMSRL-BE-W,W hite Sands Missile Range, NM 88002-5501 ................................................. 1

NCDC Library (D542X2), Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801-2723 ............................... 1PLFSML, Research Library, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-5000 ..................................... 1USAF Rome Lab Tech Lib, FL2810, Corridor W., Ste 262, RL/SUL, Doc Lib, 26 Electronics Parkway,Bldg 106, G riffiss AFB, NY 13441-4514 ..................................................... 1Technical Library, Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT 84022-5000 ............................... 1NOAA/MASC Library MC5, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303-3328 ................................ 2NIST Pubs Production, Rm A635, Admin Bldg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 ............................. 1

DTIC-FDAC, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA 22304-6145 ....................................... 2AUL/LSE, Maxwell AFB AL 36112-5564 ..................................................... 1AW STL, Scott AFB, IL 62225-5438 ....................................................... 35

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