Illumination Fieldwork 4 Word

8/10/2019 Illumination Fieldwork 4 Word

1/21

July 3, 2014

Engr. Gener G. Restubog

Subject Instructor

Illumination Engineering Lecture

Dear Engr. Restubog:

Greetings in St. La Salle!

Herewith is the output of the fourth field work on the EEET511a

entitled Illumination Design of a Commercial Building. Wehereby

submitted it to the subject instructor for his verification, checking and as

a partial fulfilment on the said subject.

Sincerely Yours:

Onofre E. Algara Jr. Mark David L. Annang

EEE51 EEE51


2/21

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

LORD JESUS CHRIST

For He helped us along the way in our fieldwork and gave us wisdom,

knowledge and understanding.

ONOFRE P. ALGARA SR.

For encouraging, helping and providing tuition fee for his sons studies.

JOVITA E. ALGARA

For helping and taking care and encouraging his son in academics and

lovelife.

EXEQUIEL P. ANNANG

For encouraging, praying for his sons studies listening to his sons

problems in life and providing his familys needs.

MA. AURELIA L. ANNANG

For encouraging, praying for her son in his studies and being patient

with her son .

EEE51 CLASSMATES

For helping us and giving ideas on how to perform the fieldwork.

MAHUSAY FAMILY

For endless generosity to us and for letting us stay in their house.

ENGR. GENER RESTUBOG

For imparting and sharing his expertise in illumination engineering


3/21

MS. KRISTINE ALDAY

For inspiring and helping Onofre to excel in his academic life and social

life

MS. MARIA GRACIA GABRIEL

For she was Mr. Annangsfirst girlfriend and he misses her very much.

ARIEL LUIS L. ANNANG

For being Mr. Ananngs brother bear and helping him in the house.

INTERGRATED INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

For allowing us to attend seminars and quiz shows to enhance our EE

skills and for binding us in the organization. Bind us together IIEE!

DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY-DASMARINAS

For helping us create possibilities. Animo La Salle!

ALEEZA DENISE B. SAYOC

For helping Mr. Annang in his social life

ENGR. PHILIP ERMITA

For giving Mr. Annang a chance to stay in CEAT and this fieldwork will

not be completed without it


4/21

ABSTRACT

In this commercial lighting design, the commercial building floor

plan was examined in terms of its dimensions and design. Since the

fieldwork only required the spacing of the lamps and luminaries in each

floor in the design, the floor plans were revised because there were

many unnecessary symbols and obstructions in each floor plan. In each

floor the rooms and hallways were measured in terms of their

dimensions and also their elevation were also considered in order to be

able to compute other calculations that required the height of each floor.

After the dimensions in each floor plan were measured the reflectances

and cavity ratios were calculated and since the CCR was 0 the

calculation of the cavity ratios were lessened. The luminaire type, lamp

type and the photometric data were also obtained. The parameters

involved in the luminaire data like the llf, maintenance factor and max

S/MH were assumed based on the design. Since the design was made

for commercial purposes the type of luminaires used was recessed type

luminaire surface mounted and pin lighting. The lamp type to be used

was fluorescent tube lamps. The coeffiecient of utilization was calculated

by using the obtained reflectances in each room and also using the

interpolation method in order to calculate the multiplier for the coefficient

of utilization and also its final value. The catalogs were also obtained for

the luminaire and lamp types that were used. The watts per meter


5/21

squared were also calculated by using the lumen output and the area of

each room in each floor plan. The number of luminaires and lamps were

based on the lumen output of each lamp that was chosen for the design

since the value of the lumen output of the lamp affected the number of

luminaires and lamps to be used it was decided that the higher lumen

output for each lamp was chosen in order to reduce the number of

luminaires and lamps to be placed by rows and columns. The number of

luminaires in each floor from basement to 5th floor was 8 to 182, the

lumen output of all the lamps ranged from 13500 to 38500 and watts per

meter squared ranged from 0 to 10 and the power requirement of each

lamp type was 60,150, 950 and 1000 W. The lamp types for the design

were fluorescent tube, metal halide, high sodium pressure and low

sodium lamps.


6/21

OBJECTIVES

1. To determine the number of luminaires and lamp to be used in

each floor in the commercial design.

2. To determine the spacing in each luminaire and lamp

3. To determine the cavity ratios in each floor .

4. To determine the coefficient of ultilization and the reflectance in

each floor.

5. To determine the efficiency or efficacy of the lighting design.


7/21

INTRODUCTION

BASIC LIGHTING PRINCIPLES

Light is the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light

radiates and can travel unlimited distances through space. Light rays

can however, be reflected, transmitted or absorbed when they strike an

object. The visible spectrum is only a small part of the full

electromagnetic spectrum. The main source of our natural light is the

sun, which has a core temperature of approximately 10,000,000 K but a

surface temperature which is a relatively cool 6,000 K. It is this surface

temperature which determines the energy levels at the different

frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light has also laws like

rectilinear propagration of light cosine law and inverse square law.

Rectilinear propagation of light means that light travels in straight lines. It

travels at 300,000 km/S and requires no medium for propagation.

Inverse square law means that for every square distance that light

travels it would be inversely proportional to the illumination level .Cosine

law is applied to light that does not fall on the surface normally and this

would reduce the illumination level that falls on the surface or work plane

because of the reflectances of the walls, ceilings and floors. When light

falls on a surface, one or more of the following may occur:


8/21


9/21

not a single color, but a combination of many colors. Light sources

that are deficient in certain colors may change the apparent color

of an object. The Color Rendition Index (CRI) is a 1100 scale that

measures a light source's ability to render colors the same way

sunlight does. The top value of the CRI scale (100) is based on

illumination by a 100-watt incandescent lightbulb. A light source

with a CRI of 80 or higher is considered acceptable for most indoor

residential applications.

6. Glare - The excessive brightness from a direct light source that

makes it difficult to see what one wishes to see. A bright object in

front of a dark background usually will cause glare. Bright lights

reflecting off a television or computer screen or even a printed

page produces glare. Intense light sources -- such as bright

incandescent lamps -- are likely to produce more direct glare than

large fluorescent lamps. However, glare is primarily the result of

relative placement of light sources and the objects being viewed.

7. Ambient Lighting- Provides general illumination indoors for daily

activities, and outdoors for safety and security.

8. Task lighting - Facilitates particular tasks that require more light

than is needed for general illumination, such as under-counter

kitchen lights, table lamps, or bathroom mirror lights.


10/21

9. Accent lighting- Draws attention to special features or enhances

the aesthetic qualities of an indoor or outdoor environment

COMMERCIAL LIGHTING DESIGN

The initial focus should always be on building a good, clean space,

walls, flooring and ceiling. Considering about the brand and if it needs a

cool or warm colour pallet, apply soft, neutral hues to the shell of the

space. If the interior needs to stand out, this is not the place and

simplicity is the key.

A good reception/service counter is very important. A priority is

making sure it is manufactured to suit the needs of staff and business.

Also, The placement and finish as it needs to be easily spotted by the

customer must also be considered. Choose materials that will stand out.

This doesnt have to be in colour, a neutral tone in a gloss finish can also

be effective.

Good, concise logo/branding is going to lift a beautiful, simple

canvas and making sure the brand chosen is bold and centrally located.

One well executed brand hit is better than multiple, poorly placed logos.

As a basic guide, its effective to designan interior merchandising

at a similar price point to the product or service to be sold. If selling to

the higher end of the market, the consumer must feel impressed by the

space, pick high end displays, have statement furniture pieces, and dont


11/21

create an overwhelming, cluttered environment. This doesnt mean if the

product/service is low cost and the interior needs to be cheap and

nasty., Using simple fixtures and displays, then make a statement with

the signage and brand.

Its often overlooked as a priority, but shouldnt be. Under lit rooms

are dull and lifeless, yet over lit spaces feel stark and uninviting. Where

possible let in natural light and make sure to consult with a lighting

specialist to get the best possible lighting solution for the space.


12/21

LIGHTING DESIGN CRITERIA

Standards Used

In the commercial lighting design, the standard to be used would

be the IESNA standard and this standard in commercial lighting is also

useful for students and engineers when it comes to designing the

commercial lighting schemes and other parameters are also included in

the standard such as the type of lamps and luminaries that will be used

in each room type in the commercial lighting design and also the rating

of each lamp type in terms of the color rendering index, efficacy,

efficiency, lumen output etc and also the calculations that are used in

commercial lighting design conference rooms. The second standard to

be used in the commercial lighting design is the illumination level in each

room type is also mentioned and this standard also advocates the

energy efficiency of each lamp type and luminaire to be used in the

lighting design.

Formula on Calculation

In lighting design, the lumen method, (also called zonal cavity method),

is a simplified method to calculate the light level in a room. The method

is a series of calculations that uses horizontal illuminance criteria to

establish a uniform luminaireslayout in a space. In its simplest form, the

lumen method is merely the total number of lumens available in a room


13/21

divided by the area of the room. In order to perform this calculation,

many factors, coefficients, lamp lumen data and other quantities must be

gathered. Despite the scientific impression of the lumen method

equations, there are inaccuracies and assumptions built into the method.

Therefore, the lumen method should not typically be used as a

standalone, final solution; it should be used as a tool in particularly

uniform settings of lighting design if a simple, rough technique of

illuminance quantification is desired.

Cavity Ratios

RCR= 5hrc X (L +W)/(L X W)

FCR= 5hfc X (L +W)/(L X W)

CCR= 5hcc X (L +W)/(L X W)

Average Illumination, Number of luminaries and Area/ Luminaire


14/21

The LLF is mainly the product of the ballast factor (BF), lamp lumen

depreciation factor (LLD), the luminaire dirt depreciation factor (LDD),

the room-surface dirt depreciation factor (RSDD), and lamp burnout

factor (LBO).

LLF = BF x LLD x LDD x RSDD x LBO

Luminaire Spacing

The mounting height (MH) is measured from the bottom of the luminaire

to the top of the work plane

(Max S / MH) = 1.3 to 1.5 x (Actual S / MH)

Average Square Spacing

The preliminary spacing of luminaires in a given area can be determined

using the following formula:

No of Rows = Room Width / Luminaire

Spacing No of Luminaire / Row = Total Luminaires / No of Rows


15/21

OBSERVATION

In the summary table of the calculation of the illumination level

using zonal cavity method in order to get the required values, it was

observed that the required number of luminaires in each floor ranged

from 8 to 182 in different floors from basement to 5th floor of the

commercial building. The number of luminaires or fixtures was

determined by the lumen output of the lamp used in each room type of

each floor in the commercial building the lumen output ranged from

13500 lumens to 38500 lumens and this range included the rating of

different lamps used in the design like fluorescent tube lamps, metal

halide lamps, low sodium lamps and high pressure sodium lamps in

different rooms and different floors. The other parameters used in the

computation like the LLF, ceiling, wall and floor reflectances, max S/MH,

maintenance factor, actual S/MH, actual spacing and the effective

reflectances were the same throughout the calculation. It was also

observed that the lumen output greatly affected the number of luminaires

to be used when the lumen output of each lamp started around

approximately 13000 lumens the number of luminaires started to

decrease and this decrease allowed better spacing and efficient

installation of each lamp because when the lumen output was low the

number of luminaires increased and became approximately greater than

200 to 300. So in order to find a solution, it was decided that the lamp


16/21

type to be chosen had a very high lumen output and since the lumen

output would degrade at a certain point in time the adjustment in the

lumen requirement of each room in each floor would be achieved and it

was anticipated the dirt and dust accumulation in each lamp and

luminaire would decrease the lumen output that would result to

degradation of the illumination level. The illumination level wasnt too

high and low but in the designing of the commercial lighting it was

decided to choose an efficient lamp with low power requirement in order

to comply with the application needed in each room type of each floor

plan. Since the life span of each lamp had a very high lumen output this

also resulted to last for 1 year or more and this increased life span of

each type of lamp would be an effective way for efficient lighting and this

would also reduce the cost of buying lamps. The watts per square meter

in each room in each floor ranged approximately from 0 to 10 watts per

square meter. This meant that the power consumed by each lamp type

in order to illuminate a square meter was low and this would mean that

the type of lamp used was efficient because of low power requirement

resulted to high lumen output but this would decrease at a certain point

in time taking into consideration the first few months of the operation of

the lamp from the day of installation


17/21

CONCLUSION

In this fieldwork it is concluded that the commercial lighting design

is accomplished because the average spacing of each luminaire is

obtained which can be seen on the data provided, the illumination level

in each room of each floor plan is also calculated and its dimensions are

also obtained, the efficacy and efficiency are obtained in watts per

squared. These parameters must be obtained in order to calculate the

number of luminaires and lamps to be used. The value of the watts per

square meter would be small if the lumen output is high and the power

requirement is low. In order to achieve a good illumination design the

lamp that must be used in a certain application should not have a low

lumen output because it will greatly affect the number of luminaires in

each room in each floor plan when it comes to commercial lighting

design. The higher the lumen output of the lamp to be used in each

room of each floor would significantly decrease the number of luminaires

to be used. The number of luminaires and lamps to be used must be

regulated also in order to avoid the overlapping of luminaires and lamps

with others as well. In order to avoid poor and unbalanced illumination

level there must be a preventive and proper maintenance of lamps and

luminaires in order to achieve the required illumination level.


18/21

BILL OF MATERIALS

LAMP TYPE BRAND QUANTITY PRICE PER PIECE (Php) TOTAL COST (Php)

Metal Halide SYLVANIA BT37 METALARC SUPERSAVER EX39 MOGUL 29 660 19140


High Pressure Sodium ED18 CERAMALUX COMFORT HIGH PRESSURE 4 3344 13376High Pressure Sodium ED18 CERAMALUX COMFORT HIGH PRESSURE 200 3344 668800

High Pressure Sodium ED18 CERAMALUX COMFORT HIGH PRESSURE 32 3344 107008

Low Pressure Sodium Philips T17 DC Bay 15116-7 SOX180 2 1496 2992

Fluorescent Tube G.E High Output T-12 100 2500 250000

Fluorescent Tube Philips High Output T-12 Fluorescent Lamp 173 2992 517616





FIXTURE TYPE BRAND QUANTITY PRICE PER PIECE (Php) TOTAL COST (Php)

Recessed Ceiling Cooper Industries 4 Lamp Recessed 1 3080 3080






Recessed Ceiling Lite Tech Industries 2 Lamp Recessed 64 3000 192000

Recessed Ceiling Lite Tech Industries 2 Lamp Recessed 45 3000 135000

Recessed Ceiling Lithonia Spec Beam FSB 654L 150 500 75000




19/21

RECOMMENDATION

It is also recommended for illumination engineers to have many

catalogs as possible for the information needed for the calculation of

number of luminaires and lamps, coefficient of utilization, reflectances

and cavity ratios. The photometric data in each catalog must be

complete as much as possible and this must include the polar diagram of

the lamp and the standard reflectances for walls, floors and ceilings. The

lamps and luminaires to be bought must be commercially available in the

market and since most of the lamps and fixtures that are used in the

design like G.E, Philips and Osram. The illumination engineer must also

coordinate with the architect in order to comply with the visual

environment requirements and ambiance in each room of each floor.

Commercial lighting design is an arduous work and must be done step

by step in order to avoid poor, unbalanced and inefficient lighting design


20/21

REFERENCES

https://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/usace_lightinglevels.pdf

http://www.pioneerlighting.com/new/pdfs/IESLuxLevel.pdf

http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/lightlevel.htm

http://www.devonbuy.com/lux-level-requirements/

http://www.diynot.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=1380101

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/light-level-rooms-d_708.html

http://www.usa.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/us_en/connect/tools_literature/downloads/137521.pdf

http://www.probuilder.com/showvillage/2014/products/pdf/Philips%20Lighting%20Catalog.pdf

http://www.egl-energy.biz/downloads/PhilipsSOX.pdf

http://www.osram.com/media/resource/HIRES/337546/14992065/led-

programm-gb.pdf

http://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/ll/documents/specsheets/2rt8s-2x4.pdf

http://www.lightolier.com/MKACatpdfs/1101.PDF

http://www.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/main/connect/tools_literature/application-inspiration-office-led-lighting-interactive-guide-int.pdf
https://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/usace_lightinglevels.pdfhttp://www.pioneerlighting.com/new/pdfs/IESLuxLevel.pdfhttp://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/lightlevel.htmhttp://www.devonbuy.com/lux-level-requirements/http://www.diynot.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=1380101http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/light-level-rooms-d_708.htmlhttp://www.usa.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/us_en/connect/tools_literature/downloads/137521.pdfhttp://www.usa.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/us_en/connect/tools_literature/downloads/137521.pdfhttp://www.probuilder.com/showvillage/2014/products/pdf/Philips%20Lighting%20Catalog.pdfhttp://www.probuilder.com/showvillage/2014/products/pdf/Philips%20Lighting%20Catalog.pdfhttp://www.egl-energy.biz/downloads/PhilipsSOX.pdfhttp://www.osram.com/media/resource/HIRES/337546/14992065/led-programm-gb.pdfhttp://www.osram.com/media/resource/HIRES/337546/14992065/led-programm-gb.pdfhttp://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/ll/documents/specsheets/2rt8s-2x4.pdfhttp://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/ll/documents/specsheets/2rt8s-2x4.pdfhttp://www.lightolier.com/MKACatpdfs/1101.PDFhttp://www.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/main/connect/tools_literature/application-inspiration-office-led-lighting-interactive-guide-int.pdfhttp://www.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/main/connect/tools_literature/application-inspiration-office-led-lighting-interactive-guide-int.pdfhttp://www.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/main/connect/tools_literature/application-inspiration-office-led-lighting-interactive-guide-int.pdfhttp://www.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/main/connect/tools_literature/application-inspiration-office-led-lighting-interactive-guide-int.pdfhttp://www.lightolier.com/MKACatpdfs/1101.PDFhttp://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/ll/documents/specsheets/2rt8s-2x4.pdfhttp://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/ll/documents/specsheets/2rt8s-2x4.pdfhttp://www.osram.com/media/resource/HIRES/337546/14992065/led-programm-gb.pdfhttp://www.osram.com/media/resource/HIRES/337546/14992065/led-programm-gb.pdfhttp://www.egl-energy.biz/downloads/PhilipsSOX.pdfhttp://www.probuilder.com/showvillage/2014/products/pdf/Philips%20Lighting%20Catalog.pdfhttp://www.probuilder.com/showvillage/2014/products/pdf/Philips%20Lighting%20Catalog.pdfhttp://www.usa.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/us_en/connect/tools_literature/downloads/137521.pdfhttp://www.usa.lighting.philips.com/pwc_li/us_en/connect/tools_literature/downloads/137521.pdfhttp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/light-level-rooms-d_708.htmlhttp://www.diynot.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=1380101http://www.devonbuy.com/lux-level-requirements/http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/index_files/lightlevel.htmhttp://www.pioneerlighting.com/new/pdfs/IESLuxLevel.pdfhttps://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/usace_lightinglevels.pdf


21/21

College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

De La Salle UniversityDasmarias

Engineering DepartmentElectrical Engineering

EEET511a: Illumination Engineering Lecture

Field Work No. 4:

ILLUMIBATION DESIGN OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING

Date:

September 9, 2014, 2014

Onofre E. Algara Jr.Mark David L. Annang

Student Name

Engr. Gener G. Restubog

Professor

Documents

Illumination Fieldwork 4 Word