Illustrated Glossary for Transport Statistics

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Illustrated Glossary for Transport Statistics4th edition

M e t h o d o l o g i e s a n d

W o r k i n g p a p e r s

ISSN 1977-0375


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Europe Direct is a service to help you fnd answers

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More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu).

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2010

ISBN 978-92-79-17082-9

ISSN 1977-0375

doi:10.2785/58454

Cat. No. KS-RA-10-028-EN-N

Theme: Transport

Collection: Methodologies and working papers

European Union, ITF, UNECE 2010


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Glossaryfor Transport Statistics

Illustrated

4th EDITION

UNITED

NATONS

ECONOMIC

COMMISSION

FOR

EUROPE


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IGlossary for Transport StatisticsEUROSTAT - ITF - UNECE

Glossary Introduction

Te Glossary or ransport Statistics was published or the

frst time in 1994 with the purpose o assisting membercountries during the collection o data on transport using theCommon Questionnaire developed by the UNECE, IF andEurostat.

Te present ourth edition is the result o continuing valuablecooperation between the three organisations, that throughthe action o the Intersecretariat Working Group (IWG.rans.) has put a sustained eort into meeting the needto har monise transport statistics at the international level.Te Glossary now comprises 735 defnitions and represents apoint o reerence or all those involved in transport statistics.By ollowing the guidance contained within these defnitions,

a considerable contribution will be given to the improvementin both the quality and comparability o the data.

In this ourth edition, the rail, road, inland waterway,pipelines and intermodal chapters have been substantiallyrevised. A new air transport chapter has been added. In rail,the revision takes account o the changing environmentacing rail operators, especially in Europe. In addition, acompletely new rail accidents section has been added. Teroad and inland waterway chapters have also benefted rom athorough revision to reect current concerns. For the inlandwaterway chapter, an accident section has been added. Tepipeline chapter has been extended to cover gas as well as

oil pipelines, given their growing importance in supplyingthe energy market. Te new air transport chapter ollowsthe guidance given by ICAO but with some extra input romIAA and ACI.

All three bodies were consulted during the preparation o the

chapter and provided useul eedback. In the other domainstoo, there was ull consultation with the relevant internationalsectoral bodies. All these revisions take ull account o recentEuropean legal acts in each specifc domain and also providesome support the collection o data in this more particularcontext.

As well as adding material, a decision was taken to simpliythe sections dealing with Enterprises, Economic Perormanceand Employment. Tis was not because such material wasthought to be unimportant, ar rom that. It more reectedthe reality that the transport data collection activities o thethree sponsoring bodies were less ocussed in these areas

than in the pure transport side.

In this edition, only minor changes were possible in thechapter on maritime transport. However, work will continuein the context o IWG.rans. A ocus or uture work will bethe addition o an accident section in relation to maritimeas well as ensuring that the terminology continues to reectdevelopments in the other sectors. Te environmental impacto transport is another area where progress could be madealthough this was not possible on this occasion.

Te third edition has been translated into all the o ciallanguages o the European Union and Russian. Tis will

also be the case or this new ourth edition. Another newdevelopment is the preparation o an illustrated version. Teobjective is to provide users with a better understanding othe concepts underlying the defnitions on the basis that onepicture is worth a thousand words.

For any inormation on this publication, please contact:

UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE (UNECE)Oud Khou SidAhmedPalais des NationsCH-1211 Geneva 10E-mail: [email protected]: www.unece.org/trans/

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUMMario Barreto2/4 rue Louis DavidF-75016 ParisE-mail: [email protected]: www.oecd.org/cem & www.internationaltransportorum.org

EUROSTATHans Strelowransport Statistics UnitL-2920 LuxembourgE-mail: [email protected]: europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/

Notice:Te explanatory notes in italics, given below some o the defnitions, are intended to help understanding o them and to assistcountries in flling in questionnaires. Te notes are not part o the defnitions themselves.


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Acknowledgements

Te present edition was prepared by the Intersecretariat Working Group (IWG.rans), comprising o Messrs. Ould Khou

SidAhmed (UNECE), Mario Barreto (IF) and Hans Strelow (Eurostat).

Numerous national experts and o cials o international and non-governmental organisations were consulted on the dierentchapters. Te revisions process was reviewed and approved by the members o the UNECE Working Party on ransportStatistics (WP.6) at its meeting in May 2008.

Te main work on the revisions was undertaken by a team o experts. Te team consisted o:

Mr Roland Fischer who took the lead on railway transport and assisted with air transport,-

Mr Erik Grib who led on road transport and intermodal,-

Mr Franz Justen, responsible or inland waterways and pipeline transport,-

Mr Lars Sjberg who assisted on railway transport,-

Mr Richard Butchart who took the lead on air transport and coordinated the technical element o the project and-

Ms Karen Irah (Artemis Inormation Management), responsible or research, co-ordination o the non-technical aspects-o the project and the linguistic revision.


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Table o Contents

Glossary Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................I

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................II

A. RAILWAY TRANSPORT 7

A.I INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................................9

A.II TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................... 14

A.II.A VEHICLES .....................................................................................................................................14

A.II.B CONTAINERS ..............................................................................................................................20

A.III ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT .........................................23

A.IV TRAFFIC ...................................................................................................................................................25

A.V TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT ...........................................................................................................27

A.VI ENERGY CONSUMPTION ...................................................................................................................32

A.VII ACCIDENTS ............................................................................................................................................34

B. ROAD TRANSPORT 37

B.I INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................39

B.II TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................... 43

B.II-A VEHICLES .....................................................................................................................................43

B.II-B CONTAINERS ETC. .....................................................................................................................52

B.III ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT .........................................55

B.IV TRAFFIC ...................................................................................................................................................58

B.V TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT ...........................................................................................................60

B.VI ENERGY CONSUMPTION ...................................................................................................................66

B.VII ACCIDENTS .............................................................................................................................................68

C. INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT 71

C.I INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................73

C.II TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................................................76

C.II.A VESSELS ....................................................................................................................................... 76

C.II.B CONTAINER, ETC. ......................................................................................................................79

C.III ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT .........................................82


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C.IV TRAFFIC ....................................................................................................................................................84

C.V. TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT ...........................................................................................................86

C.VI ENERGY CONSUMPTION ...................................................................................................................91C.VII ACCIDENTS ............................................................................................................................................92

D. PIPELINE TRANSPORT 95

D.I /II INFRASTRUCTURE/ TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT ............................................................................97

D.III ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT .........................................99

D.IV/V TRAFFIC/ TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT ......................................................................................100

D.VI ENERGY CONSUMPTION ..................................................................................................................102

E. MARITIME TRANSPORT 105

E.I INFRASTRUCTURE ..............................................................................................................................107

E.II TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT (VESSELS) ............................................................................................111

E.II.A VESSELS .....................................................................................................................................111

E.II.B CONTAINERS ............................................................................................................................115

E.III ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT .......................................118

E.IV TRAFFIC ..................................................................................................................................................121

E.V TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT .........................................................................................................123

E.VI ENERGY CONSUMPTION ..................................................................................................................129

F. AIR TRANSPORT 131

F.I INFRASTRUCTURE ..............................................................................................................................133

F.II TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT (AIRCRAFT) .........................................................................................136

F.III ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT .......................................138

F.IV TRAFFIC ..................................................................................................................................................141

F.V TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT .........................................................................................................146

F.VI ENERGY CONSUMPTION ..................................................................................................................151

F.VII ACCIDENTS ...........................................................................................................................................152

G. INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT 155

G.I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................157

G.II EQUIPMENT ..........................................................................................................................................160


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ARailway Transport

A. RAILWAY TRANSPORT


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A.I INFRASTRUCTURE

A.I-01 Track

A pair o rails over which rail borne vehicles can run.

rack gauge: Distance between a pair o rails measured between theinside edges o the rail heads.

Te ollowing track gauges are in use:

Standard gauge: 1.435 m-

Large gauge: 1.520 m (example Commonwealth o-Independent States)

1.524 m (example Finland)

1.600 m (example Ireland)

1.668 m (example Spain, Portugal)

Narrow gauge: 0.60 m, 0.70 m, 0.75 m, 0.76 m, 0.785 m, 0.90 m, 1.00 m.-

Large gauge is sometimes reerred to as broad gauge.

A.I-02 Electrifed track

rack provided with an overhead catenary or a conductor rail to permit electric traction.

Te ollowing types o electric current are in use:

AC 25 000 Volts, 50 Hz-

15 000 Volts, 16 2/3 Hz

DC 3 000 Volts-

1 500 Volts

750 Volts

660 Volts

630 Volts.

A.I-03 Running track

A track providing end-to-end line continuity designed or trains between stations or places indicated in tarisas independent points o departure or arrival or the conveyance o passengers or goods.

A.I-04 Sidings

racks branching o running tracks.

Te length o sidings is included in the length o tracks i the sidings are managed by the inrastructure manager,private sidings being excluded.

A.I-05 Private siding

rack or set o tracks which are not managed by the inrastructure manager but are linked up with the track oan inrastructure manager so that:

Railway transport operators or supportive unctions can perorm necessary activities.a)

Industrial, commercial or port, etc. establishment or group o establishments can be served by railb)without transhipment.


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A.I-06 Line

One or more adjacent running tracks orming a route betweentwo points. Where a section o network comprises two or

more lines running alongside one another, there are as manylines as routes to which tracks are allotted exclusively.

A.I-07 Electrifed line

Line with one or more electrifed running tracks.

Te ollowing types o electric current are in use:

AC 25 000 Volts, 50 Hz-

15 000 Volts, 16 2/3 Hz

DC 3 000 Volts-

1 500 Volts

750 Volts

660 Volts

630 Volts

Sections o lines adjacent to stations that are electrifed only to permit shunting and not electrifed as ar as the nextstations are to be counted as non-electrifed lines.

A.I-08 Metro line / subway

An electric rail line mainly or urban transport with the capacity or heavy volumes o tra c involving veryrequent train movements. Metro lines are also characterised by closely spaced stations, normally with around1 000 m between the stations.

Also known as subway, metropolitan railway, heavy rail, rapid rail, rapid transit, metro or

underground.

A.I-09 Light rail line

A rail line mainly or urban transport o passengers oen electrifed. Stations/halts are generally less than1 200 m apart.

In comparison to metros, light rail is more lightly constructed, is designed or lower tra c volumes and usuallytravels at lower speeds. Normally the power is drawn rom an overhead electric line via a trolley or a pantograph. Itis sometimes di cult to make a precise distinction between light rail and trams; trams are generally not separatedrom road tra c, whereas light rail may be separated rom other systems.


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A.I-10 Tramline (streetcar)

A railway mainly installed on and well integrated intothe urban road system. Te tramcars are powered either

electrically or by diesel engine, particularly or special railborne road vehicles.

Also known as trolley car.

A.I-11 Railway line

Line o communication made up by rail exclusively or the use o railway vehicles.

Line o communication is an area equipped or the perormance o rail transport.

A.I-12 Main railway line

Main railway lines comprise the high-speed railway lines and important major conventional railway lines asdefned by national or international authorities.

Within the European Community or example guidelines defne a specifc main rail-network within the trans-European transport network (EN), which is considered to be important at community level.

A.I-13 Conventional railway line

All railway lines that are not classifed as dedicated high speed lines or upgraded high speed railwaylines.

A.I-14 Dedicated high speed railway line

A line specially built to allow tra c at speeds generally equal to or greater than 250 km/h or the mainsegments.

High speed lines may include connecting lines, in particular connecting segments into town centre stations locatedon them, on which speeds may take account o local conditions.

A.I-15 Upgraded high speed railway line

A conventional line specially upgraded to allow tra c at speeds o the order o 200 km/h or the mainsegments.

Tey include specially upgraded high speed lines which have specifc eatures as a result o topographical, relie ortown-planning constraints, on which the speed must be adapted or each case.

A.I-16 Length o lines operated

Te total length o line operated or passenger transport, goods transport, or both.

When a line is operated simultaneously by several railway enterprises it will be counted only once.


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A.I-17 Railway network

All railways in a given area.

Tis does not include stretches o road or water even i rolling stock is conveyed over such routes, e.g. by wagon-

carrying trailers or erries. Lines solely used or tourism are excluded as are railways constructed solely to servemines, orests or other industrial or agricultural undertakings and which are not open to public tra c.

A.I-18 Railway network segment

Specifc railway line connecting two or more geographical reerence points. Each segment has a start and anend, being a track crossing, a country border or a railway station.

A.I-19 Maximum operating speed

Te highest speed allowed on commercial service taking into account technical characteristics o theinrastructure.

A.I-20 Rail loading gauge

Te profle through which a railway vehicle and its loads must pass, taking into account tunnels and track sideobstacles.

Tere are 3 international gauges, agreed by UIC:

A GAUGE: otal height 3.85 m above the rail and 1.28 m on either side o the track axle-

B GAUGE: otal height 4.08 m above the rail and 1.28 m on either side o the track axle-

C GAUGE: otal height 4.65 m above the rail and 1.45 m on either side o the track axle.-

Another gauge o particular signifcance is the B+ GAUGE, or which the total height is 4.18 m above the rail and1.36 m on either side o the track axle.

More generally, there are many other gauges recognised by rail networks.

A.I-21 Railway station

A railway establishment which is either open or not to the public, generally staed and which is designed orone or more o the ollowing operations:

ormation, dispatch, reception and temporary stabling o trains-

stabling and marshalling o rolling stock-

boarding and alighting o passengers-

generally, where open to public, providing acilities or the purchase o tickets-

loading and unloading o goods.-

A.I-22 Joint railway station

Junction station between railway companies, the operation o which is governed by an agreement between theStates or companies concerned.

A.I-23 Halt

Stop-o point generally open to passenger tra c only and not usually staed.


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A.I-24 Marshalling yard

Station or part o a station especially equipped with a number o tracks or other equipment or railway vehiclemarshalling (switching) operations.

Sometimes reerred to as classifcation yard.

A.I-25 Intermodal rail transport terminal

Place equipped or the transhipment and storage o intermodal transport units (IUs) between modes, one owhich is rail.

Te Hub and Spoke concept relates to collection through a central point (the hub) and distribution in variousdirections (the spokes). Te hub is a central point or the collection, sorting, transhipment and distribution o goodsor a particular region.


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A.II TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

A.II.A VEHICLES

A.II.A-01 Railway vehicle

Mobile equipment running exclusively on rails, moving either under its own power (tractive vehicles) or hauledby another vehicle (coaches, railcar trailers, vans and wagons).

Te ollowing vehicles are included in the statistics or a railway enterprise:

All railway vehicles belonging to the railway enterprise and hired by it and actually at its disposal, including-those under or waiting or repair, or stored in working or non working-order, and oreign vehicles at thedisposal o the enterprise and vehicles o the enterprise temporarily abroad and engaged in the normal courseo running

Private owners wagons, i.e. those not belonging to the railway enterprise but authorized to be operated by it-

under specifed conditions, together with wagons hired out by the railway enterprise to third parties and beingoperated as private owners wagons.

Statistics or a railway enterprise exclude vehicles not at its disposal, i.e.-

Foreign vehicles or vehicles not belonging to the railway enterprise circulating on the railway network-

Vehicles which are on hire to, or otherwise at the disposal o, other railway bodies-

Vehicles reserved exclusively or service transport condemned or intended or sale or, breaking-up.-

A.II.A-02 High speed railway vehicle

A railway vehicle designed to operate at a speed o at least 250 km/h on dedicated high speed lines.

A.II.A-03 Tilting high speed railway vehicle

A railway vehicle with a tilting system designed to have an operating speed o 200 km/h or above on upgradedhigh speed lines.

A.II.A-04 Conventional high speed railway vehicle

Any railway vehicle not specially designed to run on dedicated or upgraded high speed lines but still being ableto reach a maximum operating speed o approximately 200 km/h.

A.II.A-05 Trainset

Indivisible block o railcar(s) and railcar trailer(s) or

locomotive(s) and passenger railway vehicle(s).

Included are trainsets that are technically divisible but arenormally kept in the same confguration. One trainset may becoupled to another one. Each trainset may have more than onetractive vehicle.


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A.II.A-06 Tractive vehicle

A vehicle equipped with prime mover and motor, or with motor only, intended either or hauling other vehicles(a locomotive) or or hauling other vehicles and or the carriage o passengers and/or goods (a railcar).

A.II.A-07 Locomotive

ractive railway vehicle with a power o 110 kW and above at the draw hook equipped with prime mover andmotor or with motor only used or hauling railway vehicles.

Light rail motor tractors are excluded.

ypes o locomotives

Electric locomotive-

Locomotive with one or more electric motors, deriving current primarily rom overhead wires or-conductor rails or rom accumulators carried on the locomotive.

A locomotive so equipped which also has an engine (diesel or other) to supply current to the electricmotor when it cannot be obtained rom an overhead wire or rom a conductor rail is classed as an electriclocomotive.

Diesel locomotive-

Locomotive, the main source o power o which is a diesel engine, irrespective o the type o transmission-installed.

However, diesel-electric locomotives equipped to derive power rom an overhead wire or rom a conductorrail are classed as electric locomotives.

Steam locomotive-

Locomotive, whether cylinder or turbine driven, in which the source o power is steam irrespective o-the type o uel used.

A.II.A-08 Light rail motor tractor

ractive railway vehicle with a power o less than 110 kW at the draw hook (coupler).

Normally used or shunting or or work trains and short-distance or low-tonnage terminal services. Te defnitionso the various categories o locomotives (electric, diesel) apply, mutatis mutandis, to light rail motor tractors.

A.II.A-09 Railcar

ractive railway vehicle with motor constructed or theconveyance o passengers or goods by rail.

Te defnition o the various categories o locomotives (electric,

diesel) applies, mutatis mutandis, to railcars.

A block composed o railcars and railcar trailers can be reerredto as:

Multiple unit i it is modular-

rainset i it is fxed.-

In tractive vehicle statistics, each railcar in an indivisible set iscounted separately; in statistics o passenger vehicles and goodsvehicles, each body ftted to carry passengers or goods (tractiveand non tractive) is counted as one unit. Independent o driverscompartments installed or not, any unit with tractive power must be considered as a tractive vehicle. When tworailcar units have a common tractive bogie, both units are considered as a tractive vehicle.


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A.II.A-10 Passenger railway vehicle

Railway vehicle or the conveyance o passengers, even i it comprises one or more compartments with spacesspecially reserved or luggage, parcels, mail, etc.

Tese vehicles include special vehicles such as sleeping cars, saloon cars, dining cars, ambulance cars and vanscarrying accompanied road passenger vehicles. Each separate vehicle o an indivisible set or the conveyanceo passengers is counted as a passenger railway vehicle. Included are railcars i they are designed or passengertransport.

A.II.A-11 Metro vehicle

Electric railway vehicle designed or use on a metroline.

Usually drawing power rom a third rail.

A.II.A-12 Tram (streetcar)

Passenger or reight road vehicle designed or use on a tramline.

A.II.A-13 Light rail vehicle

Rail vehicle designed or use on a light rail line.

A.II.A-14 Railcar trailer

Non-tractive passenger railway vehicle coupled to one or more railcars.

Vehicles or the transport o goods, even when pulled by a railcar, are reerred to as wagons.

A.II.A-15 Coach

Passenger railway vehicle other than a railcar or a railcar

trailer.


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A.II.A-16 Passenger carrying capacity: seats and berths

Te number o seats and/or berths available in a passenger vehicle when perorming the service or which itis intended.

Seats in dining coaches and buet compartment places are excluded.

A.II.A-17 Passenger carrying capacity: standing places

Te number o authorized standing places available in a passenger vehicle when perorming the service orwhich it is intended.

A.II.A-18 Van

Non-tractive railway vehicle orming part o a passenger or goods train and used by the train crew as well asor the conveyance o luggage, parcels, bicycles, accompanied road passenger vehicles etc.

Vehicles possessing one or more passenger compartments are not counted as vans but as passenger railway vehicles.

Mail vans are included under vans when they do not have a passenger compartment.

A.II.A-19 Freight wagon or wagon

Railway vehicle normally intended or the transport ogoods.

A.II.A-20 Railway enterprise-owned wagon

Any wagon belonging to a railway enterprise.

Excluded are privately-owned wagons.

A.II.A-21 Privately-owned wagon

Wagon not belonging to a railway enterprise, but at its disposal and authorized to run or it under specifedconditions, or wagon hired out by a railway enterprise to third parties.

A.II.A-22 Covered wagon

Wagon characterized by its closed construction with a roo and ully enclosed sides, capable o being lockedand/or sealed.

Wagons with an opening roo as well as those insulated, heated and rerigerated are included.


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A.II.A-23 Insulated wagon

Covered wagon the body o which is built with insulating walls, doors, oor and roo, to limit heat exchangebetween the interior o the wagon and the outside so that the overall coe cient o heat transer (K coe cient),

allows the equipment to be assigned to one or other o the ollowing two categories:IN = Normally insulated: characterized by a K coe cient equal to or less than 0.7 W/m 2C-

IR = Heavily insulated: characterized by a K coe cient equal to or less than 0.4 W/m 2C.-

A.II.A-24 Rerigerated wagon (Reeer)

Insulated wagon using a source o cooling. Such sources include:

Natural ice, with or without the addition o salt-

Eutectic plates; dry ice, with or without sublimation control-

Liquefed gases, with or without evaporation control, other than a mechanical or absorption unit.-

Such a wagon is capable, with a mean outside temperature o + 30C, o lowering the temperature inside the emptybody to, and thereaer maintaining it, with the aid o appropriate rerigerants and fttings:

At + 7C maximum in the case o class A-

At -10C maximum in the case o class B-

At -20C maximum in the case o class C-

At 0C maximum in the case o class D.-

A.II.A-25 Mechanically rerigerated wagon

Insulated wagon either ftted with its own rerigerating device, or serviced jointly with other such units by anexternal rerigerating system. Such rerigerating devices include:

Mechanical compressors-

Absorption units.-

A mechanically rerigerated wagon should be capable, with a mean outside temperature o + 30C, o lowering thetemperature inside the empty body to, and thereaer maintaining it continuously at levels in conormity with thestandards defned below:

Class A. Te internal wagon temperature should be maintained between +12C and 0C inclusive-

Class B. Te internal wagon temperature should be maintained between +12C and -10C inclusive-

Class C. Te internal wagon temperature should be maintained between +12C and -20C inclusive.-

A.II.A-26 Heated wagon

Insulated wagon ftted with a heater.

Class A. Heated equipment or use when the mean outside temperature is - 10C-

Class B. Heated equipment or use when the mean outside temperature is - 20C.-

A.II.A-27 High sided wagon

Wagon with no roo and with rigid sides higher than 60 cm.

A.II.A-28 Flat wagon

Wagon without roo or sides, or wagon without roo but with sides not higher than 60 cm, or swing-bolster

wagon, o ordinary or special type.


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A.II.A-29 Tank wagon

Wagon designed or the bulk transport o liquids or gases.

A.II.A-30 Silo wagonWagons or the transport in bulk o powdered products such as cement, our, plaster, etc.

A.II.A-31 Wagon or intermodal transport (see G.II-10)

Wagon specially built or equipped or the transport ointermodal transport units (IUs) or other goods roadvehicles.

ypes o wagons are:

Pocket wagon: Rail wagon with a recessed pocket to accept-the axle/wheel assembly o a semi-trailer

Basket wagon: Rail wagon with a demountable sub rame,-ftted with devices or vertical handling to allow the loadingand unloading o semi-trailers or road motor vehicles

Spine wagon: Rail wagon with a central chassis designed to-carry a semi-trailer

Low oor wagon: Rail wagon with a low loading platorm-built to carry, inter alia IUs

Rolling-Road wagon: Rail wagon with low oor throughout-which, when coupled together, orm a rolling-road

Double stack wagon: Rail wagon designed or the transport-o containers stacked on top o each other

Bimodal semi-trailer: A road semi-trailer that can be-converted into a rail wagon by the addition o rail bogies.

A.II.A-32 Wagon carrying capacity

Te carrying capacity o wagon is the maximum authorized weight it can carry.

A.II.A-33 Age o railway vehicle

Years since frst registration o a railway vehicle, irrespective o the country o registration.


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A.II.B CONTAINERS

A.II.B-01 Loading unit

Container, swap body.

Flats (see A.II.B-09 below) used in maritime transport are included as a special type o container.

A.II.B-02 Intermodal transport unit (ITU)

Container, swap body or semi-trailer/goods road motor vehicle suitable or intermodal transport.

A.II.B-03 Container

Special box to carry reight, strengthened and stackable and allowing horizontal or vertical transers.

A more ormal technical defnition o a container is:

Article o transport equipment which is:O a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable or repeated usea)

Specially designed to acilitate the carriage o goods, by one or more mode o transport, without intermediateb)reloading

Fitted with devices permitting its ready handling, particularly its transer rom one mode o transport toc)another

So designed as to be easy to fll and emptyd)

Stackable ande)

Having an internal volume o 1 m) 3 or more.

Swap bodies are excluded.

Although without internal volume, and thereore not satisying criterion ( ) above, ats (see A.II.B-09 below) usedin maritime transport should be considered to be a special type o container and thereore are included here.

A.II.B-04 Sizes o containers

Te main sizes o containers are:

20 Foot ISO container (length o 20 eet and width o 8 eet)a)

40 Foot ISO container (length o 40 eet and width o 8 eet.b)

ISO container over 20 eet and under 40 eet o lengthc)

ISO container over 40 oot long;d)

Super high cube container (oversize containere)

Air container (container conorming to standards laid down or air transportation).)

Containers are normally 8 oot height but other heights also exist High cube containers are containers witha height o 9.5 oot. Super high cube containers are containers exceeding the ISO dimensions. Tey includecontainer lengths o 45 oot, 48 oot and 53 oot. Containers sizes classifed under a) to c) are reerred to as largecontainers.


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A.II.B-05 Tare weight o container

Te tare weight o a container is included in the total weight o the containerised goods transported, also calledthe gross-gross weight o goods. Te gross weight o containerised goods transported can be calculated romthe gross-gross weight by deducting the tare weight o the container and vice versa. I inormation about thetare weight is not available then the tare weight may be estimated using the averages below.

Te tare weight o a container may be estimated as:

20 Foot ISO container 2.3 tonnes

40 Foot ISO container 3.7 tonnes

ISO container over 20 eet and under 40 eet o length 3.0 tonnes

ISO container over 40 eet o length 4.7 tonnes.

A.II.B-06 Types o containers

Te main types o containers, as defned by ISO Standards Handbook on Freight Containers are:

1. General purpose containers

2. Specifc purpose containers

Closed ventilated container-

Open top container-

Platorm based container open sided-

Platorm based container open sided with complete superstructure-

Platorm based container open sided with incomplete superstructure and fxed ends-

Platorm based container open sided with incomplete superstructure and olding ends-

Platorm (container)-

3. Specifc cargo containers

Termal container-

Insulated container-

Rerigerated container (expendable rerigerant)-

Mechanically rerigerated container-

Heated container-

Rerigerated and heated container-

ank container-

Dry bulk container-

Named cargo container (such as automobile, livestock and others) and-

Air mode container.-


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A.II.B-07 TEU (Twenty-oot Equivalent Unit)

A statistical unit based on an ISO container o 20 oot length (6.10 m) to provide a standardised measure ocontainers o various capacities and or describing the capacity o container ships or terminals. One 20 FootISO container equals 1 EU.

One 40 Foot ISO container equals 2 EU-

One container with a length over 20 and under 40 oot equals 1.50 EU-

One container with a length o more than 40 oot equals 2.25 EU.-

A.II.B-08 Swap body

A reight-carrying unit optimised to road vehicle dimensions and ftted with handling devices or transerbetween modes, usually road/rail.

Such units were not originally designed to be stacked when ull or top-lied. Many units now can be, although notto the same extent as containers. Te main eature distinguishing them rom containers is that they are optimisedto road vehicle dimensions. Such unit would need UIC approval to be used on rail. Some swap bodies are equippedwith olding legs on which the unit stands when not on the vehicle.

A.II.B-09 Flat

A loadable platorm having no superstructure whatever but having the same length and width as the base o acontainer and equipped with top and bottom corner fttings.

Tis is an alternative term used or certain types o specifc purpose containers - namely platorm containers andplatorm-based containers with incomplete superstructures.

A.II.B-10 Pallet

Raised platorm, intended to acilitate the liing and stacking o goods.

Pallets are usually made o wood, and o standard dimensions:

1 000 mm x 1 200 mm (ISO) and 800mm x 1 200 mm (CEN).

A.II.B-11 Roll cage, roll container, roll pallet

Small, un-stackable, normally boxy unit on wheels intended to acilitate the loading and unloading o goods.

A.II.B-12 Ro-Ro unit

Wheeled equipment or carrying goods, such as a lorry, trailer or semi-trailer, which can be driven or towedonto a vessel or train.


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A.III ENTERPRISES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYMENT

A.III-01 Railway enterprise

Any private or public enterprise acting mainly as a railway transport operator, an inrastructure manager or asan integrated company.

An enterprise whose main business is not related to railways should be included i it has a railway market sharethat is not marginal. Only the activities related to railways should be reported.

A.III-02 Railway transport operator

Any public or private transport operator which provides services or the transport o goods and/or passengersby rail.

Included are all transport operators that dispose o/provide traction. Excluded are railway transport operatorswhich operate entirely or mainly within industrial and similar installations, including harbours, and railways

transport operators which mainly provide local tourist services, such as preserved historical steam railways.Sometimes the term railway undertaking is used.

A.III-03 Inrastructure manager

Any enterprise or transport operator responsible in particular or establishing and maintaining railwayinrastructure, as well as or operating the control and saety systems.

An inrastructure manager can delegate to another railway enterprise the ollowing tasks: maintaining railwayinrastructure and operating the control and saety system.

A.III-04 Integrated company

Railway transport operator also being an inrastructure manager.

A.III-05 Employment

Average number o persons working during a given period in a railway enterprise, as well as persons workingoutside the enterprise but who belong to it and are directly paid by it.

Statistics should include all ull-time equivalent employees perorming all principal and ancillary activities othe railway (operation, renewal, new construction, road and shipping services, electricity generation, hotels andrestaurants, etc.).

A.III-06 Types o employment

Te main categories o employment being considered are:

General administration including central and regional management sta (e.g. fnance, legal, personnel etc.)-and boards o directors

Te management sta o specialist departments (operations and tra c, traction and rolling stock, ways andworks) are excluded but are taken into account in the statistics specifc to each o these services.

Operations and tra c-

Station sta (excluding sta operating control and saety systems), train crews (excluding tractive units crews)and associated central and regional o ces. Includes tourism and advertising.

raction and rolling stock-

ractive units crews, workshop, inspection sta and associated central and regional o ces.

Permanent way development and maintenance-


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Permanent way maintenance and supervision sta (including sta operating control and saety systems)-

Other operations.-

Passenger and goods road services, shipping services, electric power plants, hotel sta etc.

A.III-07 Turnover

otal amount invoiced by a railway enterprise during the period under review. Tis corresponds to marketsales o goods or services supplied to third parties. urnover includes all duties and taxes on the goods orservices invoiced by the enterprise with the exception o VA invoiced by the unit vis--vis its customers. Italso includes all other charges to the customers. Reduction in prices, rebates and discounts as well as the valueo returned packing must be deducted, but not cash discounts.

urnover does not include sales o fxed assets. Operation subsidies received rom public authorities are alsoexcluded.

A.III-08 Investment expenditure on inrastructure

Expenditure on new construction and extension o existing inrastructure, including reconstruction, renewaland major repairs o inrastructure.

Inrastructure includes land, permanent way constructions, buildings, bridges and tunnels, as well as immovablefxtures, fttings and installations connected with them (signalisation, telecommunications, catenaries, electricitysub-stations, etc.) as opposed to rolling stock.

A.III-09 Investment expenditure on rolling stock

Expenditure or purchase o new railway vehicles.

A.III-10 Maintenance expenditure on inrastructure

Expenditure or keeping inrastructure in working order.

A.III-11 Maintenance expenditure on rolling stock

Expenditure or keeping railway vehicles in working order.


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A.IV TRAFFIC

A.IV-01 Railway tra c

Any movement o a railway vehicle on lines operated.

When a railway vehicle is being carried on another vehicle only the movement o the carrying vehicle (activemode) is considered.

A.IV-02 Railway tra c on national territory

Any movement o railway vehicles within a national territory irrespective o the country in which these vehiclesare registered.

A.IV-03 Shunting

Operation o moving a rail vehicle or set o rail vehicles inside a railway station or other railway installations

(depot, workshop, marshalling yard, etc.).

A.IV-04 Railway vehicle journey

Any movement o a railway vehicle rom a specifed point o origin to a specifed point o destination.

A journey can be divided into a number o sections or stages.

A.IV-05 Train

One or more railway vehicles hauled by one or more locomotives or railcars, or one railcar travelling alone,running under a given number or specifc designation rom an initial fxed point to a terminal fxed point.

A light engine, i.e. a locomotive travelling on its own, is not considered to be a train.

A.IV-06 Types o train

Te main categories being considered are:

Goods train: rain or the carriage o goods composed o one or more wagons and, possibly, vans moving-either empty or under load

Passenger train: rain or the carriage o passengers composed o one or more passenger railway vehicles-and, possibly, vans moving either empty or under load

Mixed train: rain composed o passenger railway vehicles and o wagons-

Other trains: rains moving solely or the requirements o the railway enterprise, which involve no payments-to third parties.

A.IV-07 Train-kilometre

Unit o measurement representing the movement o a train over one kilometre.

Te distance to be considered is the distance actually travelled.

A.IV-08 Tractive vehicle-kilometre

Unit o measurement representing any movement o an active tractive vehicle over a distance o onekilometre.

ractive vehicles running light (without hauling a load) are included. Shunting movements are excluded


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A.IV-09 Hauled vehicle-kilometre

Unit o measurement representing any movement o a hauled vehicle over one kilometre.

Railcars movements are included. Shunting movements are excluded.

A.IV-10 Tonne-kilometre oered

Unit o measurement representing the movement o one tonne o capacity available in a wagon when perormingservices or which it is primarily intended over one kilometre.

Te distance to be considered is that actually travelled. Shunting and other similar movements are excluded.

A.IV-11 Wagon-kilometre

Unit o measurement representing any movement o a wagon loaded or empty over a distance o onekilometre.

Te distance to be considered is that actually travelled (each country counts the km perormed on its territory).

Shunting and other similar movements are excluded. All wagon journeys are included irrespective o the ownershipo the wagon.

A.IV-12 Seat-kilometre oered

Unit o measurement representing the movement o one seat available in a passenger railway vehicle whenperorming the services or which it is primarily intended over one kilometre.

Te distance to be considered is that actually travelled. Shunting and other similar movements are excluded.

A.IV-13 Gross-gross tonne-kilometre hauled

Unit o measurement representing the movement over a distance o one kilometre o one tonne o railway

vehicle where the weight o tractive vehicle is included.Included are the weights o: tractive unit, hauled railway vehicle and its load. Passengers and their luggage areexcluded. Shunting and other similar movements are excluded.

A.IV-14 Gross tonne-kilometre hauled

Unit o measurement representing the movement over a distance o one kilometre o one tonne o hauledvehicles (and railcars) and contents.

Te weight o railcars is included, whereas the weight o locomotives is excluded. Passengers and their luggage areexcluded. Shunting and other similar movements are excluded.


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A.V TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT

A.V-01 Railway transport

Any movement o goods and/or passengers using a railway vehicle on a given railway network.

When a railway vehicle is being carried on another rail vehicle only the movement o the carrying vehicle (activemode) is being considered.

A.V-02 Types o railway transport

Te main categories are:

Revenue earning railway transport: ransport conveyed or an outside party against payment-

Service railway transport: ransport which the railway enterprise perorms in order to meet its internal-requirements whether or not such transport is revenue earning.

A.V-03 National railway transport

Railway transport between two places (a place o loading/embarkation and a place o unloading/disembarkation)located in the same country.

It may involve transit through a second country.

A.V-04 International railway transport

Railway transport between a place (o loading/embarkation or o unloading/disembarkation) in one countryand a place (o loading/embarkation or o unloading/disembarkation) in another country.

It may involve transit through one or more additional countries. o avoid double counting, each country onlycounts the pkm or tkm perormed on its territory. Te number o passengers or the weight o the reight transported

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A.V-05 Rail transit

Railway transport through a country between two places (a place o loading/embarkation and a place ounloading/disembarkation) outside that country.

Operations involving Change o Gauge between two dierent track gauges in a country are considered astransit and not as unloading and loading.

ransport operations involving loading/embarkation or unloading/disembarkation o a railway vehicle at therontier o that country rom/onto another mode o transport, or example transition between Railway-transportand Maritime-transport in ports, are not considered as transit.

A.V-06 Rail passenger

Any person, excluding members o the train crew, who makes a journey by rail.

Passengers making a journey solely by railway operated erry or bus services are excluded.

A.V-07 Revenue rail passengerA passenger or whose transportation a rail enterprise receives commercial remuneration.

A.V-08 Rail passenger-kilometre (pkm)

Unit o measurement representing the transport o one rail passenger by rail over a distance o one kilometre.

Te distance to be taken into consideration should be the distance actually travelled by the passenger on thenetwork. o avoid double counting each country should count only the pkm perormed on its territory. I this isnot available, then the distance charged or estimated should be used.

A.V-09 Rail passenger embarked

Passenger who boards a railway vehicle to be conveyed by it.A passenger transer rom one railway vehicle directly to another one, regardless o the railway transport operator,is not regarded as disembarkation / embarkation. Whenever during the transer another mode o transport isused, this is to be regarded as disembarkation rom a railway vehicle ollowed by a subsequent embarkation on arailway vehicle.

A.V-10 Rail passenger disembarked

A passenger alighting rom a railway vehicle aer having been conveyed by it.

A passenger transer rom one railway vehicle directly to another one, regardless o the railway transport operator,is not regarded as disembarkation / embarkation. Whenever during the transer another mode o transport isused, this is to be regarded as disembarkation rom a railway vehicle ollowed by a subsequent embarkation on a

railway vehicle.

A.V-11 Rail passenger journey

Te combination between the place o embarkation and the place o disembarkation o the passengers conveyedby rail whichever itinerary is ollowed on the railway network.

A.V-12 Place o embarkation

Te place in which a railway passenger boards the railway vehicle to be conveyed by it.

A passenger transer rom one railway vehicle directly to another one, regardless o the railway transport operator,is not regarded as disembarkation / embarkation. Whenever during the transer another mode o transport isused, this is to be regarded as disembarkation rom a railway vehicle ollowed by a subsequent embarkation on a

railway vehicle.


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A.V-13 Place o disembarkation

Te place in which a railway passenger leaves the railway vehicle aer being conveyed by it.

A passenger transer rom one railway vehicle directly to another one, regardless o the railway transport operator,

is not regarded as disembarkation / embarkation. Whenever during the transer another mode o transport isused, this is to be regarded as disembarkation rom a railway vehicle ollowed by a subsequent embarkation on arailway vehicle.

A.V-14 Consignment

Collection o goods transported under cover o the same transport document in accordance with regulationsor taris in orce where they exist.

A.V-15 Types o consignment

Te main categories are:

Full train load: Any consignment comprising a train with one or several wagon loads transported together- or one consignor with no change in train composition rom a single point o loading to a single point ounloading

Full wagon load: Any consignment o goods requiring the exclusive use o a wagon through out its journey-whether the ull wagon loading capacity is utilized or not; wagons in a ull train load are excluded

Smalls / small load: Any consignment other than ull train loads or ull wagon loads.-

A.V-16 Goods carried by rail

Any goods moved by rail vehicles.

Tis includes all packaging and equipment, such as containers, swap-bodies or pallets as well as road goods vehiclescarried by rail.

A.V-17 Gross-gross weight o goods

Te total weight o the goods carried, all packaging and the tare weight o the transport unit (e.g. containers,swap bodies and pallets or containing goods as well as road goods vehicles carrying goods and transportedby rail).

Tis is the weight to be used in the compilation o rail transport statistics.

A.V-18 Gross weight o goods

Te total weight o goods carried, including packaging but excluding the tare weight o the transport unit (e.g.containers, swap bodies and pallets or containing goods as well as road goods vehicles carrying goods).

A.V-19 Tare weight

Te weight o a transport unit (e.g. containers, swap-bodies and pallets or containing goods as well as roadgoods vehicles carrying goods and transported by rail) beore any cargo is loaded.

A.V-20 Tonne-kilometre (tkm)

Unit o measurement o goods transport which represents the transport o one tonne o goods over a distanceo one kilometre.

Te distance to be covered is the distance actually travelled on the considered network. o avoid double countingeach country should count only the tkm perormed on its territory. I it is not available, then the distance chargedor estimated should be taken into account.


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A.V-21 Categories o goods carried by rail

Goods in transport may be classifed according to type.

Examples o classifcation schemes are NS 2007 (Standard Goods Nomenclature or ransport Statistics) that

replaces the CSE nomenclature (Commodity Classifcation or ransport Statistics in Europe - UNECE) and theNS/R nomenclature (Standard Goods Nomenclature or ransport Statistics/revised - Eurostat).

A.V-22 Types o cargo carried

Goods in transport may be classifed according to the UNECE Codes or types o cargo, packages andpackaging materials, Recommendation 21, Geneva March 1986. Te cargo classes are:

Liquid bulk-

Solid bulk-

Large reight container-

Other reight container-

Palletised goods-

Pre-slung goods-

Mobile, sel-propelled units-

Other mobile units-

Other cargo types.-

A.V-23 TEU-kilometre

Unit o measurement representing the movement o one EU over one kilometre

A.V-24 Dangerous goods

Te classes o dangerous goods carried by rail are those defned by the feenth revised edition o the UNRecommendations on the ransport o Dangerous Goods, United Nations, Geneva 2007.

Class 1: Explosives-

Class 2: Gases-

Class 3: Flammable liquids-

Class 4: Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, on contact-with water, emit ammable gases

Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides-

Class 6: oxic and inectious substances-

Class 7: Radioactive material-

Class 8: Corrosive substances-

Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles.-

A.V-25 Goods loaded

Goods placed on a railway vehicle and dispatched by rail.

Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transhipments rom one railway vehicle directly to another andchange o tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading/loading. However, i the goods are unloaded rom a railwayvehicle, loaded on another mode o transport and, again loaded on another railway vehicle, this is considered as

unloading rom the frst railway vehicle ollowed by loading on the second railway vehicle.


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A.V-26 Goods unloaded

Goods taken o a railway vehicle aer transport by rail.

Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transhipments rom one railway vehicle directly to another and

change o tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading/loading. However, i the goods are unloaded rom a railwayvehicle, loaded on another mode o transport and, again loaded on another railway vehicle, this is considered asunloading rom the frst railway vehicle ollowed by loading on the second railway vehicle.

A.V-27 International goods transport by rail - loaded (outgoing)

Goods carried by rail between a place o loading located in the reporting country and a place o unloading inanother country.

Goods in transit throughout are not included. Wagons loaded on a railway network and carried by erry to aoreign network are included.

A.V-28 International goods transport by rail - unloaded (incoming)

Goods carried by rail between a place o loading located in a oreign country and a place o unloading in thereporting country.

Goods in transit throughout are not included. Wagons loaded on a oreign railway network and carried by erryto the reporting network are included.

A.V-29 Goods in transit by rail throughout

Goods carried by rail through the reporting country between two places (place o loading/unloading) outsidethe reporting country.

Wagons entering and/or leaving the reporting network by erry are included.

A.V-30 Goods rail transport link

Te combination o the place o loading and the place o unloading o the goods transported by rail whicheveritinerary is ollowed.

Places are defned by using international classifcation systems such as NUS (Nomenclature o erritorial Unitsor Statistics - Eurostat).

A.V-31 Place o loading

Te place taken into account is the place in which the goods are loaded on a railway vehicle to be transportedby it.

Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transhipments rom one railway vehicle directly to another and

change o tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading/loading. However, i the goods are unloaded rom a railwayvehicle, loaded on another mode o transport and, again loaded on another railway vehicle, this is considered asunloading rom the frst railway vehicle ollowed by loading on the second railway vehicle.

A.V-32 Place o unloading

Te place taken into account is the place in which the goods are unloaded rom a railway vehicle aer beingtransported by it.

Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transhipments rom one railway vehicle directly to another andchange o tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading/loading. However, i the goods are unloaded rom a railwayvehicle, loaded on another mode o transport and, again loaded on another railway vehicle, this is considered asunloading rom the frst railway vehicle ollowed by loading on the second railway vehicle.


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A.VI ENERGY CONSUMPTION

A.VI-01 Energy consumption by rail transport

Final energy consumed by tractive vehicles or traction, train services and acilities (heating, air conditioning,lighting etc.).

A.VI-02 Tonne o oil equivalent (TOE)

Unit o measurement o energy consumption: 1 OE = 0.041868 J.

Conversion actors adopted by the International Energy Agency (IEA) or 1991 are the ollowing:

Motor gasoline 1.070-

Gas/diesel oil 1.035-

Heavy uel oil 0.960-

Liquefed petroleum gas 1.130-

Natural gas 0.917.-

Te conversion actor used by the IEA or electricity is: 1 Wh = 0.086 Mtoe.

A.VI-03 Joule

Unit o measurement o energy consumption:

- 1 terajoule = 1012 J = 2.78 x 105 kWh

- 1 terajoule = 23.88459 OE.

A.VI-04 Motor gasoline (petrol)

Light hydrocarbon oil or use in internal combustion engines, excluding those in aircra.

Motor gasoline is distilled between 35C and 215C and is used as a uel or land based spark ignition engines.Motor gasolinne may include additives, oxygenates and octane enhancers, including lead compounds such as EL(etraetyl lead) and ML (etramethyl lead).

Calorifc value: 44.8 J/1 000 t.

A.VI-05 Gas/diesel oil (distillate uel oil)

Oil obtained rom the lowest raction rom atmospheric distillation o crude oil.

Gas/diesel oil includes heavy gas oils obtained by vacuum re-distillation o the residual rom atmospheric distillation.

Gas/diesel oil distils between 200C and 380C, with less than 65 per cent in volume at 250C, including losses,and 80 per cent or more at 350C. Te ashpoint is always above 50C and their density is higher than 0.81.Heavy oils obtained by blending are grouped together with gas oils, provided that their kinematic viscosity doesnot exceed 25 cSt at 40C.

Calorifc value: 43.3 J/1 000 t.

A.VI-06 Heavy uel oil (residual)

Heavy oil that makes up the distillation residue.

Tis comprises all residual uel oils (including those obtained by blending). Te viscosity o heavy uel oil is above25 cSt at 40C. Te ashpoint is always above 50C and their density is higher than 0.90.


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A.VI-07 Liquefed petroleum gases (LPG)

Light hydrocarbons o the para n series which are derived solely rom the distillation o crude oil.

Te LPG comprises propane and butane or a mixture o these two hydrocarbons. Tey can be liquefed under low

pressure (5-10 atmospheres). In the liquid state and at a temperature o 38C they have a relative vapour pressureless than or equal to 24.5 bars. Teir specifc gravity ranges rom 0.50 to 0.58.

A.VI-08 Hard coal

A black, natural ossil organic sediment with a gross calorifc value o more than 23 860 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg)in the ash-ree condition and with the moisture content obtaining at a temperature o 30C and relative airhumidity o 96 per cent, and with a mean random reectance o vitrinite o at least 0.6.

A.VI-09 Brown coal - Lignite

A non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorifc value o less than 23 860 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) in a conditionree o wet ash and containing more than 31 per cent volatile matter on a dry mineral ree basis.

A.VI-10 Electric power

Energy produced by hydro-electric, geothermal, nuclear and conventional thermal power stations, as wellas renewal sources etc. excluding energy produced by pumping stations, measured by the calorifc value oelectricity (3.6 J/GWh).


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A.VII ACCIDENTS

A.VII-01 Accident

Unwanted or unintended sudden event or a specifc chain o such events which have harmul consequences.

Railway accidents are accidents in which at least one moving rail vehicle is involved.

Tey are divided into the ollowing categories:

Collisions-

Derailments-

Level crossing accidents-

Accidents to persons caused by rolling stock in motion-

Fires in rolling stock-

Others.-By defnition suicides are excluded as they are a deliberate act.

For this reason neither the UIC in its rail accident statistics nor the international road accident statistics takethem into account. Because o their importance or rail saety and operations, suicide statistics should be collectedseparately. errorist acts are excluded.

A.VII-02 Suicide

Act to deliberately injure onesel resulting in death, as recorded and classifed by the competent nationalauthority.

A.VII-03 Attempted suicide

Act to deliberately injure onesel resulting in serious injury, but not in death, as recorded and classifed by thecompetent national authority.

A.VII-04 Signifcant accident

Any accident involving at least one rail vehicle in motion, resulting in at least one killed or seriously injuredperson, or in signifcant damage to stock, track, other installations or environment, or extensive disruptions totra c. Accidents in workshops, warehouses and depots are excluded.

Tis defnition is used by the UIC.

A.VII-05 Signifcant damage to stock, track, other installations or environment

Damage that exceeds an internationally agreed threshold.

Te threshold or signifcant damage, adopted by the UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer), was set at150,000 in 2007.

A.VII-06 Extensive disruptions to tra c

Extensive disruption to tra c occurs when train services on at least one main railway line are suspended ormore than six hours.


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A.VII-07 Injury accident

Any accident involving at least one rail vehicle in motion, resulting in at least one killed or injured person.Accidents in workshops, warehouses and depots are excluded.

Tis defnition includes accidents with slightly injured persons and is similar to that used in road accidentstatistics.

A.VII-08 Serious injury accident

Any accident involving at least one rail vehicle in motion, resulting in at least one killed or seriously injuredperson. Accidents in workshops, warehouses and depots are excluded.

Tis defnition is normally used by the UIC or railway accidents and excludes the accidents with slightly injuredpersons. Figures collected under this defnition cannot be compared directly to the number o road accidents whichincludes accidents with slightly injured persons.

A.VII-09 Person killed (Fatality)

Any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result o an accident.

It includes passengers, employees and other specifed or unspecifed persons involved in a rail injury accident.

A.VII-10 Person injured

Person seriously injured

Any person injured who was hospitalised or more than 24 hours as a result o an accident.

Person slightly injured

Any person injured excluding persons killed or seriously injured.

Persons with lesser wounds, such as minor cuts and bruises are not normally recorded as injured.

A.VII-11 Collisions (collision o trains), including collisions with obstacles within the clearance

gauge

Front to ront or ront to end impacts between two trains or a (side) impact between one train and part oanother train not clear o the loading gauge, or a train impacting with:

Shunting movementsa)

Fixed objects such as buer stops orb)

Objects temporarily present at or near the track (except at level crossings), such as rocks, landslides, trees,c)lost parts o railway vehicles, road vehicles and machines or equipment or track maintenance.

A.VII-12 Derailment

Any case in which at least one wheel o a train leaves the rails.

Derailments as a result o collisions are excluded. Tese are classifed as collisions.


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A.VII-13 Level crossing accidents

Any accident at level crossings involving at least one railway vehicle and one or more crossing vehicles, otherusers o the road such as pedestrians or other objects temporarily present at or near the track.

Level crossing- : Any level intersection between a road and a railway, as authorized by the inrastructuremanager and open to public or private road users. Passages between platorms within stations areexcluded.

Road- : For the purpose o Rail Accidents Statistics, any public or private road, street or highway, includingootpaths and bicycle lane.

A.VII-14 Accidents to persons caused by rolling stock in motion

Accidents to one or more persons that are either hit by a railway vehicle or part o it or hit by an object attachedto or that has become detached rom the vehicle. Persons that all rom railway vehicles are included, as well aspersons that all or are hit by loose objects when travelling on-board vehicles.

A.VII-15 Fires in rolling stock

Fires and explosions that occur in railway vehicles (including their load) when they are running between thedeparture station and the destination, including when stopped at the departure station, the destination stationor intermediate stops, as well as during re-marshalling operations.

A.VII-16 Category o person in railway accident statistics

Rail- passenger: Any person, excluding members o the train crew, who makes a trip by rail. For accidentstatistics, passengers trying to embark/disembark onto/rom a moving train are included :

Employees (staf o contractors and sel-employed contractors are included)- : Any person whoseemployment is in connection with a railway and is at work on duty at the time o the accident. It includesthe crew o the train and persons handling rolling stock and inrastructure installations

Level crossing users- : Persons using a level crossing to cross the railway line by any mean o transportationor by oot

Unauthorized persons on railway premises- : Any persons present in railway premises where such presenceis orbidden, with the exception o level crossing users.

A.VII-17 Accident involving the transport o dangerous goods

Any accident or incident that is subject to reporting in accordance with RID/ADR section 1.8.5.


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B.I INFRASTRUCTURE

B.I-01 Road

Line o communication (travelled way) open to public tra c, primarily or the use o road motor vehicles,using a stabilized base other than rails or air strips.

Included are paved roads and other roads with a stabilized base, e.g. gravel roads. Roads also cover streets, bridges,tunnels, supporting structures, junctions, crossings and interchanges. oll roads are also included. Excluded arededicated cycle lanes.

B.I-02 Paved road

Road suraced with crushed stone (macadam) withhydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, with concrete orwith cobblestone.

B.I-03 Unpaved road

Road with a stabilized base not suraced with crushed stone,hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, concrete orcobblestone.

B.I-04 Road network

All roads in a given area.

Te road network may be classifed according to the surace, e.g.

Paved roadsa)

Unpaved roads.b)


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B.I-05 Category o road

Roads are categorised according to three internationally comparable types:

Motorwaya)

Road inside a built-up areab)

Other road (outside built-up area).c)

B.I-06 Motorway / reeway

Road, specially designed and built or motor tra c, whichdoes not serve properties bordering on it, and which:

Is provided, except at special points or temporarily,a)with separate carriageways or tra c in two directions,separated rom each other, either by a dividing strip notintended or tra c, or exceptionally by other means

Has no crossings at the same level with any road, railwayb)or tramway track, or ootpath

Is especially sign-posted as a motorway and is reserved orc)specifc categories o road motor vehicles.

Entry and exit lanes o motorways are included irrespective othe location o the sign-posts.

Urban motorways are also included.

B.I-07 Express road

Road specially built or motor tra c, which does not serve adjacent properties, and:

Does not normally have separation o carriageways or the two directions o tra ca)

Is accessible only rom interchanges or controlled junctionsb)

Is specially sign-posted as an express road and reserved or specifc categories o road motor vehiclesc)

On which stopping and parking on the running carriageway are prohibited.d)

Entry and exit lanes are included irrespective o the location o the sign-posts. Urban express roads are alsoincluded.

B.I-08 Road inside a built-up area: urban road

Road within the boundaries o a built-up area, with entries and exits sign-posted as such.

Roads inside a built-up area oen have a maximum speed limit o around 50 km/h.

Excluded are motorways, express roads and other roads o higher speed traversing the built-up area, i not sign-posted as built-up roads. Streets are included.

B.I-09 Road outside a built-up area

Road outside the boundaries o a built-up area, which is an area with entries and exits sign-posted as such.


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B.I-10 E road

Te international E network consists o a system o reerence roads as laid down in the European Agreementon Main International Arteries, Geneva, 15 November 1975 and its amendments.

Reerence roads and intermediate roads (Class-A roads) have two-digit numbers; branch, link and connectingroads (Class-B roads) have three-digit numbers.

B.I-11 Carriageway

Part o the road intended or the movement o road motorvehicles; the parts o the road which orm a shoulder or thelower or upper layers o the road surace are not part o theroadway, nor are those parts o the road intended or thecirculation o road vehicles which are not sel-propelled oror the parking o vehicles even i, in case o danger, they mayoccasionally be used or the passage o motor vehicles. Tewidth o a carriageway is measured perpendicularly to theaxis o the road.

B.I-12 Lane

One o the longitudinal strips into which a carriagewayis divisible, whether or not defned by longitudinal roadmarkings, which is wide enough or one moving line o motorvehicles other than motor cycles.

B.I-13 Bus lane

Part o a carriageway designated or buses and distinguishedrom the rest o the carriageway by longitudinal road

markings.axis and, in some cases, cars occupied by several passengersmay also be allowed to use a bus lane.


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B.I-14 Tramline

Line o communication made up by a pair o rails designed or use by trams (street-cars).

Tis includes both tramlines laid down on the road used by other road motor vehicles as well as tramlines running

separately rom the road.

B.I-15 (Bi)cycle lane

Part o a carriageway designated or cycles and distinguishedrom the rest o the carriageway by longitudinal roadmarkings.

Mopeds may also be allowed to use a cycle lane.

B.I-16 (Bi)cycle track

Independent road or part o a road designated or cycles andsign-posted as such. A cycle track is separated rom otherroads or other parts o the same road by structural means.

Mopeds may also be allowed to use the cycle track.

B.I-17 Length o road

Te length o the road is the distance between its start and end point.

I one o the directions o the carriageway is longer than the other then the length is calculated as the sum o halo the distances o each direction o the carriageway rom frst entry point to last exit point.

B.I-18 Urban area

Area within the administrative boundary or a set o administrative boundaries o a core city (settlement).

Urban areas may be classifed by size according to number o inhabitants:

10 000 to 49 999 smalla)

50 000 to 249 999 mediumb)

250 000 or more large.c)

Urban areas will comprise territorial units having a larger number o inhabitants, with most o those, but notnecessarily all, living in built-up areas. Built-up areas as defned in B.I-05 may include villages and towns in ruraldistricts.


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B.II TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

B.II-A VEHICLES

B.II.A-01 Road vehicle

A vehicle running on wheels and intended or use on roads.

B.II.A-02 Stock o road vehicles

Number o road vehicles registered at a given date in a country and licensed to use roads open to publictra c.

Tis includes road vehicles exempted rom annual taxes or license ees; it also includes imported second-handvehicles and other road vehicles according to national practices. Te statistics should exclude military vehicles.

B.II.A-03 National road vehicle

A road vehicle registered in the reporting country and bearing registration plates o that country or havingbeen separately registered (trams, trolleybuses, etc.).

Where registration o a road vehicle does not apply in a specifc country, a national road vehicle is a vehicle ownedor leased by a person or company tax resident in that country.

B.II.A-04 Foreign road vehicle

A road vehicle registered in a country other than the reporting country and bearing registration plates o thatoreign country.

B.II.A-05 (Bi)cycleA road vehicle which has two or more wheels and generally is propelled solely by the muscular energy othe persons on that vehicle, in particular by means o a pedal system, lever or handle (e.g. bicycles, tricycles,quadricycles and invalid carriages).

Included are cycles with supportive power unit.

B.II.A-06 Road motor vehicle

A road vehicle ftted with an engine whence it derives its sole means o propulsion, which is normally used orcarrying persons or goods or or drawing, on the road, vehicles used or the carriage o persons or goods.

Te statistics exclude motor vehicles running on rails.

B.II.A-07 Passenger road vehicle

A road vehicle designed, exclusively or primarily, to carry one or more persons.

Vehicles designed or the transport o both passengers and goods should be classifed either among the passengerroad vehicles or among the goods road vehicles, depending on their primary purpose, as determined either by theirtechnical characteristics or by their category or tax purposes.


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B.II.A-08 Passenger road motor vehicle

A road motor vehicle, exclusively designed or primarily, to carry one or more persons.

Included are:

Motorcyclesa)

Mopedsb)

Passenger carsc)

Vans designed and used primarily or transport o passengersd)

axise)

Hire cars)

Ambulancesg)

Buses, coaches and minibusesh)

rami)

Motor Homes.j)

Excluded are light goods vehicles, c. defnition BII.A-22.

B.II.A-09 Moped

wo, three or our-wheeled road motor vehicle which is ftted with an engine having a cylinder capacity o lessthan 50cc (3.05 cu.in) and a maximum authorized design speed in accordance with national regulations.

Registered and non-registered mopeds in use are included, whether or not they have a number plate. Somecountries do not register all mopeds.

B.II.A-10 Motorcycle

wo-, three- or our-wheeled road motor vehicle not exceeding 400 kg (900 lb) o unladen weight. All suchvehicles with a cylinder capacity o 50 cc or over are included, as are those under 50 cc which do not meet the

defnition o moped.


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B.II.A-11 Passenger car

Road motor vehicle, other than a moped or a motor cycle,intended or the carriage o passengers and designed to seat

no more than nine persons (including the driver).Included are:

Passenger carsa)

Vans designed and used primarily or transport ob)passengers

axisc)

Hire carsd)

Ambulancese)

Motor homes.)

Excluded are light goods road vehicles, c. defnition B.II.A-22, as well as motor-coaches and buses, c. defnitionsB.II.A-15, and mini-buses/mini-coaches, c. defnitions B.II.A-17.

"Passenger car" includes microcars (needing no permit to be driven), taxis and passenger hire cars, provided thatthey have ewer than ten seats.

B.II.A-12 Taxi

Licensed passenger car or hire with driver without predetermined routes.

Te method o hire is normally:

Flagging down on the streeta)

Picking up at a designated taxi rankb)

elephoning or collection.c)

B.II.A-13 Caravan

Road vehicle designed as living accommodation or haulage by a motor vehicle.

A caravan is mainly intended or recreational purposes. It is not used or carriage o goods or passengers. Excludedare tent trailers with a built-in tent : they are considered as a trailer or the transport o goods.

B.II.A-14 Motor-coach, mini-coach, bus or mini-bus

Passenger road motor vehicle designed to seat more than nine persons (including the driver).

Included are mini-buses and mini-coaches designed to seat more than 9 persons (including the driver).

B.II.A-15 Bus

Passenger road motor vehicle designed to carry more than 24 persons (including the driver), and with provisionto carry seated as well as standing passengers.

Te vehicles may be constructed with areas or standingpassengers, to allow requent passenger movement, or designedto allow the carriage o

Documents

Illustrated Glossary for Transport Statistics