Ilze Lande: The Role of Critical Discourse Analysis in the ...pure.au.dk/portal/files/12441/Appendices_1-12_Ilze_Lande_2010.pdfIlze Lande: The Role of Critical Discourse Analysis in

Ilze Lande: The Role of Critical Discourse Analysis in the Translation of Political Texts 2010

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Appendix 1 Translation into Latvian

POLITICAL INTERVIEW “HAVE YOUR SAY!" 1. Alans: Šīs dienas intervija noris pasaules pēdējā atlikušajā absolūtajā monarhijā, tomēr arī Svazilandes karaļa vara tiek izaicināta. Šī karaliste, kas robežojas ar Dienvidāfriku un Mozambiku, cieš no hroniskas nabadzības un pārtikas trūkuma. Tajā ir augstākais HIV inficēšanās gadījumu skaits pasaulē. Karalis Msvati (Mswati) III tika kronēts pirms 20 gadiem 18 gadu vecumā. Karalim, kuru sauc Ingvenjama (Ingwenyama), (lauva), ir daudz sievas un viņš dzīvo grezni salīdzinājumā ar saviem pavalstniekiem. Svazilande tiek raksturota kā diktatūras sala demokrātijas jūrā. Opozīcijas partijas ir aizliegtas, un karaļa piekritēji apgalvo, ka demokrātija rada šķelšanos un ka monarhs ir spēcīgs vienojošs spēks. 2. Alans: Jūsu Augstība, sveicinām jūs... Kādi faktori, jūsuprāt, ir palīdzējuši pastāvēt jūsu monarhijai Āfrikā, kamēr tik daudzas citas sistēmas ir kritušas? 3. Karalis: Svazilandes karalis ir tautas karalis. Viss, ko viņš dara, vadot valsti, vienmēr notiek, konsultējoties ar iedzīvotājiem, un ikviens lēmums, ko viņš veic, ir cilvēku ieguldījuma rezultāts. Tādā veidā monarhija ir ciešā saiknē ar cilvēkiem. 4. Alans: Bet tomēr visā Āfrikā līdzīgas sistēmas ir gadu un gadu desmitu laikā tikušas aizvietotas ar republikām, ar vēlētām parlamentārām un presidentālām sistēmām. Vai ir jūtams spiediens izveidot šāda veida sistēmu? 5. Karalis: Dažādās valstīs ir ieviestas savas sistēmas, un tas ir cilvēku ziņā nolemt, ko viņi vēlas. Un šīs valsts iedzīvotāji ir nolēmuši, ka sistēma, kurā viņi dzīvo, ir sistēma, kurā viņi jūtas ērti, ko viņi saprot un ko viņi vēlas atbalstīt. 6. Alans: Redzot izmaiņas, kas ir norisinājušās pēdējo desmit līdz piecpadsmit gadu laikā Dienvidāfrikā un Mozambikā, Jūsu divos tiešajos kaimiņos, rāda ļoti pozitīvu demokratizāciju, un ir labi zināms, ka it īpaši Dienvidāfrika vēlētos redzēt jūsu valsti attīstāmies konstitucionālas monarhijas virzienā. Vai jums ir šādas sarunas ar Dienvidāfrikas valdības pārstāvjiem? 7. Karalis: Mēs esam svazi tauta, un ja mēs esam svazi tauta, tad mēs visu arī paši darām. Svazi tauta ir tie, kas šeit dzīvo un tie, kas vienmēr būs šajā valstī. Viņi ir tie, kas vēlas redzēt to, kas viņiem ir piemērots. Tātad, ja svazi tauta ir nolēmusi, ka tas ir tas, ko viņi vēlas, un tā kā svazi tauta ir nolēmusi, ka tas ir tas, ko viņi vēlas, mēs darīsim atbilstoši tam, kā to vēlas svazi tauta. 8. Allan: Jūsu Augstība, šī ir viena no lietām, kas nepārprotami fascinē cilvēkus visā pasaulē, un lielākā daļa jautājumu, ko mēs esam saņēmusi, bija par poligāmiju un par jūsu ģimeni un jūsu personīgo situāciju. Kāda ir poligāmijas vērtība mūsdienu pasaulē, kad lielākā daļa sabiedrību visā pasaulē ir monogāmas?


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9. Karalis: Katra nācija var nolemt, kuru sistēmu viņi vēlas. Citi var lemt par savādāku sistēmu. Svazi tauta arī ir nolēmusi, ka šī ir tā sistēma, kādā viņi vēlas turpināt dzīvot. Esot no citas sistēmas, tas liekas nedaudz jocīgi, redzot šo sistēmu. Bet tiem, kas ir pieraduši pie šīs vides, tas neliekas neparasti. 10. Alans: Es pieņemu, ka nepazīstamais bieži vien no sākuma ir šokējošs, bet tas ko es Jums vēlos jautāt – kāpēc poligāmija tiek tik ļoti augstu vērtēta svazi tautā? Ko tā dod svazi sabiedrībai? 11. Karalis: Man jājautā daudziem svazi iedzīvotājiem, ko tā viņiem dod, jo viņi ir tie, kas patiesībā ir nolēmuši, ka tas ir tas, ko viņi vēlas. 12. Allan: Un kāpēc Jūs to atbalstāt? Kāpēc Jūs to īstenojat? 13. King: Karalis ir tautas iecelts. Karalis ir vienmēr ar cilvēkiem. Viņam jālīdzinās valsts iedzīvotājiem, ar kuriem viņš dzīvo kopā.


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BBC POLITISKĀ INTERVIJA “HAVE YOUR SAY!"

1. Alans: Šīs dienas intervija notiek pasaulē pēdējā absolūtajā monarhijā, kuras valdnieka Svazilendas karaļa autoritāte nav bez šaubu ēnas. Šī zemes ieskautā karaļvalsts, kas robežojas ar Dienvidāfriku un Mozambiku, cieš no hroniskas nabadzības un pārtikas trūkuma. Valsts ir pirmajā vietā pasaulē HIV saslimstības ziņā. Karalis Mswati III tika kronēts pirms 20 gadiem 18 gadu vecumā. Karalim, sauktam par Ingwenyama (tulkojumā – Lauva), ir vairākas sievas un viņš bauda ievērojami greznākus dzīves apstākļus salīdzinājumā ar saviem pavalstniekiem. Svazilenda tiek dēvēta par diktatūras salu demokrātijas jūrā. Opozīcijas politiskās partijas ir aizliegtas ar likumu, rojālisti apgalvo, ka demokrātija rada šķelšanos un ka monarhs ir stabils vienojošais spēks.

2. Alans: Esiet sveicināts, Jūsu majestāte! Kādi faktori, jūsuprāt, ir palīdzējuši jums

saglabāt pēdējo absolūto monarhisko valsti Āfrikā laikā, kad tik daudzas monarhijas ir kritušas?

3. Karalis: Svazilendas karalis ir tautas karalis. It visā, ko karalis dara, pārvaldot savu

valsti, tas konsultējas ar savu tautu un katrs viņa pieņemtais lēmums ir cilvēku devuma rezultāts. Tādējādi monarhija vienmēr saglabā saikni ar tautu.

4. Alans: Tomēr līdzīgas sistēmas Āfrikā gadu desmitu laikā ir aizstājušas republikas,

parlamentāras vai prezidentālas sistēmas. Vai šāda veida sistēma izjūt spiedienu?

5. Karalis: Dažādās valstīs pastāv dažādas sistēmas un pilsoņi izlemj, kādu sistēmu tie vēlas. Šīs valsts pilsoņi ir izlēmuši, ka, sistēma, kurā tie dzīvo, ir tiem ērta, saprotama un tāda, ko tie vēlas atbalstīt.

6. Alans: Kad jūs atskatāties uz pārmaiņām, kas skārušas jūsu kaimiņvalstis

Dienvidāfriku un Mozambiku pēdējo desmit piecpadsmit gadu laikā, sasniedzot ļoti pozitīvu demokratizācijas līmeni jo īpaši Dienvidāfrikā, vai Jūs vēlētos virzīties konstitucionālas monarhijas virzienā? Vai esat apspriedis šos jautājumus ar Dienvidāfrikas varas pārstāvjiem?

7. Karalis: Mēs esam svazilendieši un rīkojamies kā svazilendieši. Svazilendas

pilsoņi ir tie, kas dzīvo un turpinās dzīvot šajā valstī. Viņi ir tie, kas izlems, kas tiem der labāk. Tādēļ, ja svazilendieši ir izlēmuši, ka vēlas tā dzīvot, un tā kā tie ir izlēmuši, ka to vēlas, mēs rīkosimies saskaņā ar svazilendiešu vēlmēm.

8. Alans: Jūsu majestāte, šī ir viens no jautājumiem, kas bez šaubām piesaista visas

pasaules uzmanību, un lielākā daļa iesūtīto jautājumu bija par poligāmiju, Jūsu ģimeni un Jūsu privāto dzīvi. Kā tiek vērtēta poligāmija mūsdienu pasaulē, kur lielākā sabiedrības daļa ir monogāma?


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9. Karalis: Katra nācija izlemj, kādu sistēmu tā vēlas. Pārējie var izlemt, kādu sistēmu vēlas tie. Svazilendieši ir izlēmuši, ka vēlas turpināt dzīvot šajā sistēmā. Ja esat nācis no citas sistēmas, tad sastapties ar atšķirīgu sistēmu var likties mulsinoši, bet tiem, kas ir pieraduši pie šīs kārtības, tas nešķiet dīvaini.

10. Alans: Es pieņemu, ka nepazīstamais sākotnēji liekas biedējošs, bet tas ko es

vēlējos Jums vaicāt ir, – kādēļ poligāmija ir tādā cieņā starp Svazilendas pilsoņiem? Kādu labumu tā dod Svazilendas sabiedrībai?

11. Karalis: Tad man jājautā daudziem Svazilendas pilsoņiem, ko tā tiem dod, jo viņi

ir tie, kas paši ir izvēlējušies šo ceļu.

12. Alans: Bet kādēļ Jūs to atbalstāt? Kādēļ Jūs to praktizējat?

13. Karalis: Karalis ir tautas karalis. Karalis vienmēr ir kopā ar savu tautu. Viņam jābūt tādam pašam kā savas valsts cilvēkiem.


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Appendix 3

Translation into Latvian

POLITISKA INTERVIJA: “SAKI SAVU VĀRDU!”

1. Alans: Šī intervija notiek pasaules vienīgajā absolūtajā monarhijā, tomēr arī Svazilandes karaļa vara nav pilnīgi droša. Slēgtā karaliste, kurai ir robeža ar Dienvidāfrikas Republiku un Mozambiku cieš no hroniskas nabadzības un bada. Tajā ir vislielākā AIDS izplatība pasaulē. Karalis Mswati III tika kronēts pirms 20 gadiem 18 gadu vecumā. Karalim Ingwenyama (lauva) ir vairākas sievas un viņš dzīvo luksus apstākļos, salīdzinājumā ar saviem pavalstniekiem. Svazilande ir kā diktatūras sala demokrātijas jūrā. Opozīcijas partijas tiek aizliegtas – rojālisti saka, ka demokrātija šķeļ sabiedrību, turpretim monarhs ir spēcīgs vienojošs spēks

2. Alans: Labdien, Jūsu Majestāte…Kādi faktori, Jūsuprāt, ir ietekmējuši to, ka Jūsu

absolūtā monarhija ir pēdējā, kas ir saglabājusies Āfrikā?

3. Karalis: Svazilandes karalis ir tautas karalis. It visā, ko karalis dara, ir jāņem vērā tautas viedoklis, un katrā lēmumā, ko tas pieņem, ir tautas ieguldījums. Tādējādi monarhija nekad nezaudē kontaktu ar tautu.

4. Alans Tomēr līdzīgas sistēmas Āfrikā pēdējo gadu un gadu desmitu laikā ir

nomainītas pret republikām, vēlētām parlamentārām un prezidentālām sistēmām. Vai Jūs tādēļ neizjūtat spiedienu?

5. Karalis: Dažādām valstīm ir atšķirīgas sistēmas, un tas ir tautas ziņā izlemt, ko tā

vēlas. Un šīs valsts iedzīvotāji ir izlēmuši, ka sistēmā, kurā tie dzīvo, viņi jūtas labi, viņi to izprot un vēlas atbalstīt.

6. Alans: Skatoties uz pārmaiņām, kas ir notikušas pēdējo desmit piecpadsmit gadu

laikā Dienvidāfrikā un Mozambikā, abās jūsu kaimiņvalstīs, kurās ir notikusi ļoti pozitīva demokratizācija un ir zināms, ka it īpaši Dienvidāfrika vēlētos, lai jūsu valsts vairāk tuvotos konstitucionālajai monarhijai - vai Jūs esat runājis ar Dienvidāfrikas valdību par šo jautājumu?

7. Karalis: Mēs dzīvojam Svazilandē un Svazi tauta ir tā, kas visu dara. Mūsu tauta ir

tā, kas dzīvo šajā valstī un vienmēr dzīvos, un viņa ir tā, kas lems par to, kas der un kas neder. Un, ja Svazi tauta lems, ka tā vēlas dzīvot šādi, un viņi ir to izlēmuši, tad mēs veidosim valsti tādu, kādi tie vēlas redzēt.

8. Alans: Jūsu Majestāte, viena no lietām, kas fascinē cilvēkus visur pasaulē un par

kuru mēs esam saņēmuši visvairāk jautājumu, ir poligāmija jūsu valstī un Jūsu paša personiskā ģimenes situācija. Kāda ir poligāmijas vērtība mūsdienu pasaulē, kad lielākā daļa sabiedrības pasaulē ir monogāma?

9. Karalis: Katra tauta izlemj pati, kādu sistēmu tā vēlas. Un citi var izlemt, ko tie

vēlas. Arī Svazi tauta ir izlēmusi, ka šī ir tā sistēma, kurā tā vēlas turpināt dzīvot. Nākot no citas sistēmas, atšķirīga sistēma varētu likties dīvaina. Bet tiem, kas ir pieraduši pie šīm apstākļiem, tas neliekas dīvaini.


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10. Alans: Bieži vien svešais no sākuma liekas šokējošs, tādēļ es vaicāju Jums: kādēļ

poligāmija tiek tik augstu vērtēta Svazilandē? Ko tas dod Svazi sabiedrībai?

11. Karalis: Tad ir jājautā daudziem Svazilandē, ko tas viņiem dod, tādēļ ka viņi ir tie, kas izlēma, ka tas ir tas, ko viņi vēlas.

12. Alans: Un kādēļ Jūs pats to atbalstāt? Kādēļ Jūs pats tā dzīvojat?

13. Karalis: Karalis ir tautas karalis. Karalis vienmēr ir ar tautu. Viņam jādzīvo ir tieši

tāpat kā viņa tautai.


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POLITISKĀ INTERVIJA: „IZSAKIES!” 1. Alans: Šodienas intervija notiek vienā no pasaules nedaudzajām absolūtajām

monarhijām, tomēr Svazilandes karaļa varai bijuši arī izaicinājumi. Šī karaļvalsts, kas robežojas ar Dienvidāfriku un Mozambiku, pastāvīgi cieš no nabadzības un pārtikas trūkuma. Tur ir lielākā HIV izplatība pasaulē. Karalis Msvati III tika kronēts pirms divdesmit gadiem, astoņpadsmit gadu vecumā. Karalis Ingvenijama (Lauva) dzīvo greznībā salīdzinot ar pavalstniekiem, un viņam ir vairākas sievas. Svazilandi dēvē par diktatūras saliņu demokrātijas jūrā. Opozicionālās partijas ir aizliegtas ar likumu, iekārtas piekritēji apgalvo, ka demokrātija rada šķelšanos, turpretī monarham ir vienojošs spēks.

2. Alans: Jūsu majestāte, esiet laipni sveicināts… Kādi faktori, jūsuprāt, palīdzējuši

saglabāt pēdējo Āfrikas absolūto monarhiju jūsu valstī, kamēr daudzas citas monarhijas ir kritušas?

3. Karalis: Svazilandes karalis ir tautas karalis. Lai ko arī karalis darītu, tas vienmēr

notiek sarunā ar tautu, katrā lēmumā piedalās arī ļaudis. Tādējādi monarhija vienmēr ir saistīta ar tautu.

4. Alans: Tomēr līdzīgas iekārtas Āfrikā gadu gaitā ir nomainījušas republikas,

vēlētas prezidentālas un parlamentāras iekārtas. Vai šeit ir tieksme pēc šādas sitstēmas?

5. Karalis: Dažādām valstīm ir dažādas sistēmas, tautai ir jāizlemj, ko tā vēlas. Un

šīs valsts tauta ir izlēmusi, ka jūtas ērti pašreizējā iekārtā, izprot un atbalsta to.

6. Alans: Ja palūkojas uz pārmaiņām, kas pēdējo desmit piecpadsmit gadu laikā notikušas jūsu kaimiņvalstīs, Dienvidāfrikā un Mozambikā, redzams, ka notikusi manāma demokratizācija; zināms arī tas, ka īpaši Dienvidāfrika labprāt redzētu jūs virzāmies konstitucionālās monarhijas virzienā. Vai jūs risināt šādas sarunas ar Dienvidāfrikas valdību?

7. Karalis: Mēs esam svazilandieši, un ja reiz tādi esam, tad svazilandieši visu arī

izlems. Šeit dzīvo un vienmēr dzīvos svazilandieši. Viņi gribēs redzēt to, kas tiem piemērots. Tāpēc, ja svazilandieši ir izlēmuši, ka grib šo iekārtu, mēs rīkosimies tā kā viņi vēlas.

8. Alans: Jūsu majestāte, šī tēma nodarbina cilvēkus visā pasaulē, visvairāk jautājumu

esam saņēmuši par poligāmiju, jūsu ģimeni un privāto dzīvi. Kāda ir poligāmijas vērtība mūsdienu pasaulē, kad vairākums sabiedrību ir monogāmas?

9. Karalis: Katra tauta izlemj, kādu sistēmu tā vēlas. Lai citi izlemj, kādu iekārtu viņi

grib. Arī svazilandieši ir izlēmuši, ka turpinās dzīvot šajā iekārtā. Nākot no citas iekārtas, tas var šķist dīvaini. Bet tiem, kas pie apstākļiem pieraduši, tā nešķiet.


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10. Alans: Es pieņemu, ka nepazīstamais sākumā bieži vien šokē, bet jautāju jums, kādēļ svazilandiešiem svarīga poligāmija? Ko tā sniedz valsts sabiedrībai?

11. Karalis: Tas man jājautā svazilandiešiem, jo pati tauta ir izlēmusi, ka to vēlas.

12. Alans: Un kāpēc to atbalstāt jūs? Kāpēc to pikopjat?

13. Karalis: Karalis ir no tautas. Karalis vienmēr ir ar tautu. Viņam ir jābūt tādam

pašam kā ļaudīm viņa valstī.


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PIELIKUMS: Politiska intervija “Izsakiet savu viedokli!"

1. Alans: Šodienas intervija notiek pasaulē pēdējā palikušajā absolūtajā monarhijā, bet Svazilendas karaļa varai nākas saskarties ar izaicinājumiem. Šī sauszemes ieskautā karaliste, kas robežojas ar Dienvidāfriku un Mozambiku, cieš no hroniskas nabadzības un pārtikas trūkuma. Tajā ir augstākā HIV infekcijas izplatība pasaulē. Karalis Msvati III tika kronēts pirms 20 gadiem 18 gadu vecumā. Karalim, sauktam par Ingvenijamu (Lauvu), ir daudzas sievas, un viņš dzīvo ievērojamā greznībā, salīdzinot ar viņa pavalstniekiem. Svazilenda tikusi aprakstīta kā diktatūras sala demokrātijas jūrā. Opozīcijas politiskās partijas ir aizliegtas; rojālisti apgalvo, ka demokrātija rada šķelšanos un ka monarhs ir ietekmīgs apvienojošs spēks.

2. Alans: Jūsu Majestāte, man ir liels gods ar Jums tikties. Kādi faktori, Jūsuprāt, ļauj

pastāvēt Jūsu absolūtajai monarhijai, kas ir pēdējā Āfrikā palikusī, kad tik daudzas ir kritušas?

3. Karalis: Svazilendas karalis ir tautas karalis. Lai ko karalis darītu, vadot valsti,

viņam jāapspriežas ar tautu un katrs lēmums jāpieņem, piedaloties tautai. Tas ļauj monarhijai vienmēr būt tuvu tautai.

4. Alans: Tomēr visā Āfrikā līdzīgas sistēmas gadu un desmitgažu laikā ir nomainītas

pret republikām, pret ievēlētu parlamentu vai prezidentālām sistēmām. Vai šāda sistēma izjūt spiedienu?

5. Karalis: Dažādām valstīm ir dažādas sistēmas, un tautas ziņā ir izlemt, ko tā vēlas.

Un šīs valsts iedzīvotāji ir izlēmuši, ka sistēma, kurā tie šobrīd dzīvo, ir sistēma, kas tos apmierina, kuru tie saprot un vēlas atbalstīt.

6. Alans: Kad raugāmies uz izmaiņām, kas notikušas pēdējo desmit līdz piecpadsmit

gadu laikā Dienvidāfrikā un Mozambikā, Jūsu divās tiešajās kaimiņvalstīs, ir redzama ļoti pozitīva demokratizācija, un ir labi zināms, ka it īpaši Dienvidāfrika vēlētos redzēt Jūs virzāmies uz konstitucionālāku monarhiju. Vai Jums ir bijušas sarunas ar Dienvidāfrikas varas institūcijām?

7. Karalis: Mēs esam svazilendieši, un, ja mēs esam svazilendieši, tad visu darām kā

svazilendieši. Svazilendieši ir tie, kas šeit dzīvo, un tie, kas vienmēr būs šajā valstī. Svazilendieši vēlas redzēt to, kas viņiem ir piemērots. Tātad, ja svazilendieši ir izlēmuši, ka tas ir tas, ko viņi vēlas, un tieši tā viņi arī ir lēmuši, tad mēs rīkosimies tā, kā to vēlas svazilendieši.

8. Alans: Jūsu Majestāte, šī ir viena no lietām, kas nepārprotami pārsteidz cilvēkus

visā pasaulē, un lielākā daļa jautājumu, ko esam saņēmuši, ir bijuši par poligāmiju, Jūsu ģimeni un Jūsu personīgo situāciju. Kāda ir poligāmijas vērtība mūsdienu pasaulē, ja lielais vairums sabiedrību visā pasaulē ir monogāmas?


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9. Karalis: Katra tauta izlemj, kādu sistēmu tā vēlas. Pārējās tautas var noteikt savu sistēmu. Arī svazilendieši ir izlēmuši, ka šī ir sistēma, kādā tie turpinās dzīvot. Katra tauta dzīvo pēc savas sistēmas, un līdz ar to citas sistēmas var šķist mazliet dīvainas. Bet tiem, kas ir pieraduši pie šādas vides, tā vairs nešķiet dīvaina.

10. Alans: Es saprotu, ka nezināmais sākumā bieži liekas šokējošs, bet es vēlos

noskaidrot: kāpēc svazilendieši poligāmijai piešķir tik lielu vērtību? Ko tas dod Svazilendas sabiedrībai?

11. Karalis: Tad man jājautā ļoti daudziem svazilendiešiem, ko tas viņiem dod, jo

patiesībā viņi ir tie, kas ir izlēmuši, ka tas ir tas, ko viņi vēlas.

12. Alans: Un kāpēc Jūs to atbalstāt? Kāpēc Jūs to ieviesāt?

13. Karalis: Karalis ir tautas karalis. Karalis vienmēr ir ar tautu. Viņam ir jābūt identiskam ar cilvēkiem valstī, kurā viņš dzīvo.


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Appendix 6 Translation into Latvian 1. Alans: Šodienas intervijā – pasaulē pēdējās absolūtās monarhijas pārstāvis. Svazilendas karaļa vara ir pieredzējusi arī sarežģījumus. Šī karaļvalsts, kam nav jūras robežas un kas robežojas ar Dienvidāfriku un Mozambiku, cieš no hroniskas nabadzības un pārtikas trūkuma. Tā ieņem pirmo vietu pasaulē HIV infekciju skaita ziņā. Karalis Msvati II tika kronēts pirms 20 gadiem 18 gadu vecumā. Karalim, kuru dēvē par Ingvenjamu (Lauvu), ir daudzas sievas, un viņš, salīdzinot ar saviem padotajiem, dzīvo samērā lielā pārticībā. Svazilendu mēdz dēvēt par diktatoriska režīma salu demokrātijas jūrā. Opozīcijas partijas ir aizliegtas; rojālisti apgalvo, ka demokrātija izraisa šķelšanos un ka monarhs ir stiprs vienotājspēks. 2. Alans: Jūsu Majestāte, esiet sveicināts šīsdienas raidījumā! Kādi faktori, jūsuprāt, noteikuši to, ka esat pēdējais Āfrikas absolūtais monarhs, lai gan daudzi citi ir krituši? 3. Karalis: Svazilendas karalis ir tautas karalis. Visā, ko karalis dara, pārvaldot valsti, vienmēr notiek konsultēšanās ar cilvēkiem, un katra karaļa pieņemtā lēmuma pamatā ir cilvēku sniegtais ieguldījums. Tas ļauj monarhijai saglabāt nemitīgu kontaktu ar tautu. 4. Alans: Tomēr daudzviet Āfrikā līdzīgas sistēmas laika gaitā ir nomainījušas republikas, vēlēti parlamenti un prezidentālas sistēmas. Vai Svazilendā pastāv šāda veida spiediens? 5. Karalis: Katrai valstij ir sava sistēma, un cilvēkiem ir jāizlemj, ko viņi vēlas. Un šīs valsts cilvēki ir izlēmuši, ka sistēma, kurā viņi dzīvo, viņus apmierina, viņi to izprot un vēlas atbalstīt. 6. Alans: Ja raugāmies uz pārmaiņām, kas pēdējos desmit piecpadsmit gados ir notikušas divās Svazilendas kaimiņvalstīs, proti, Dienvidāfrikā un Mozambikā, tad redzam ļoti pozitīvu pāreju uz demokrātisko sistēmu. Zināms, ka īpaši Dienvidāfrika gribētu redzēt jūs virzāmies pa konstitucionālas monarhijas ceļu. Vai jums ir šāda veida sarunas ar Dienvidāfrikas valdību? 7. Karalis: Mēs esam svazilendieši, un, ja mēs esam svazilendieši, tad visu dara svazilendieši. Svazilendieši ir šīs valsts iedzīvotāji, un tieši viņi šai valstī vienmēr dzīvos. Viņu ziņā ir izlemt, kas viņiem der vislabāk. Tāpēc, ja svazilendieši ir nolēmuši, ka vēlas šādu režīmu – un viņi tā ir nolēmuši, – tad mēs virzīsimies pa viņu izvēlēto ceļu. 8. Alans: Jūsu Majestāte, viens no jautājumiem, kas fascinē cilvēkus visā pasaulē (par to arī esam saņēmuši visvairāk jautājumu), ir poligāmija, jūsu ģimene un situācija, kurā pats atrodaties. Kāda ir poligāmijas loma mūsdienu pasaulē, kurā lielākoties valda monogāmija? 9. Karalis: Katra valsts izlemj, kādu sistēmu vēlas. Citi var izlemt, kādu sistēmu vēlas viņi. Svazilendieši ir izlēmuši, ka šo sistēmu vēlas saglabāt arī nākotnē. Raugoties no vienas sistēmas, cita sistēma var likties nedaudz savāda. Taču tiem, kas pie tās pieraduši, tā nešķiet savāda.


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10. Alans: Piekrītu, ka pirmā reakcija uz ko nepazīstamu bieži ir šoks, taču es jautāju ko citu: kāpēc svazilendieši uzskata poligāmiju par vērtīgu? Ko tā dod svazilendiešu sabiedrībai? 11. Karalis: Man jājautā daudziem svazilendiešiem, ko tā viņiem dod, jo tieši viņi ir izlēmuši, ka to vēlas. 12. Alans: Un kāpēc jūs to atbalstāt? Kāpēc jūs to praktizējat? 13. Karalis: Karalis ir tautas karalis. Karalis vienmēr ir tautas pusē. Viņam jābūt identiskam ar tās valsts cilvēkiem, kurā viņš dzīvo.


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Appendix 7 Translation into Danish POLITISK INTERVIEW ”GIV DIN MENING TIL KENDE!”

1. Allan: Dagens interview foregår i et af verdens sidste absolutte monarkier, men kongen af Swazilands magt er blevet udsat for prøvelser. Dette lukkede kongerige, der grænser op til Sydafrika og Mozambique, lider af kronisk fattigdom og mangel på mad. Det har den højeste forekomst af HIV smittede i hele verden. Kong Mswati III blev kronet for 20 år siden, da han var 18 år. Kongen, der kaldes Ingwenyama (løven), har mange koner og bor i vild luksus sammenlignet med hans undersåtter. Swaziland er blevet beskrevet som en diktatorø i et demokratisk farvand. Politiske partier fra oppositionen er blevet forbudte. Royalister mener, at demokrati skaber splittelse, mens et monarki er en stærk samlet styrke.

2. Allan: Hr. Majestæt, jeg byder Dem varmt velkommen. Hvilke faktorer, mener De, har opretholdt Deres absolutte monarkiske Afrika, når så mange andre har fejlet?

3. Kongen: Kongen af Swaziland er folkets konge. Alt hvad kongen gør, når han regerer landet, er sket i samråd med folket, og hver beslutning han tager, er et resultat af folkets bidrag. Så derfor, er monarkiet altid i kontakt med folket.

4. Allan: Ikke desto mindre er lignende styrer over hele Afrika blevet erstattet gennem årene og årtierne af republikker, af valgte præsidenter eller præsidentstyrer. Findes der et lignende pres for at få sådan et system her?

5. Kongen: Forskellige lande har hver deres styre, og det er op til folket at afgøre, hvad de ønsker. Og folket i dette land har bestemt, at det styre de lever under, er et de har det godt med, og et de forstår og de vil gerne støtte det.

6. Allan: Når De ser tilbage på de ændringer, der er sket de sidste 10-15 år i Sydafrika og Mozambique, Jeres to nærmeste naboer, så er det meget positive demokratiseringer, og det er velkendt, at især Sydafrika gerne så Jer gå hen imod et mere konstitutionelt monarki. Har du haft sådanne samtaler med de sydafrikanske myndigheder?

7. Kongen: Vi er swazier, og da vi er swazier bliver alt gjort af swazier. Swazierne er dem, der bor her, og det er dem, der altid vil være her i landet. Det er dem, der vil afgøre, hvad der bedst passer til dem. Så hvis swazierne har bestemt, at det er det, de vil, og siden swazierne har bestemt, at det er det, de vil, så går vi ud fra, hvordan swazierne vil have tingene.

8. Allan: Hr. Majestæt, dette er en af de ting, der åbenlyst fascinerer folk over hele verden, og størstedelen af de spørgsmål, vi har modtaget, handlede om polygami og


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om Deres familie og om deres personlige situation. Hvilken værdi har polygami i verden i dag, hvor størstedelen af verdens samfund er monogame?

9. Kongen: Hvert land bestemmer hvilket styre, de vil have. De andre bestemmer, hvilket styre de ønsker. Swazierne har også bestemt, at dette er det styre, de ønsker at fortsætte med. Når du lever under ét styre, er det en smule svært at se et andet. Men for dem, der er vant til at leve under det, er det ikke svært.

10. Allan: Jeg accepterer, at det ukendte ofte chokerer til at begynde med, men det, jeg spørger om, er: hvorfor er polygami så værdsat af swazierne? Hvad bidrager det med til det swaziske samfund?

11. Kongen: Jeg ville blive nødt til at spørge mange swazier om, hvad det bidrager til hos dem, fordi det er dem, der i grunden har bestemt, at det er det, de ønsker.

12. Allan: Og hvorfor støtter De det? Hvorfor praktiserer De det?

13. Kongen: En konge er konge af folket. Kongen står altid sammen med folket. Han skal være identisk med de mennesker, der bor i det land, han bor i.


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Appendix 8 Translation into Danish

POLITICAL INTERVIEW “HAVE YOUR SAY!”

1. Allan: Dagens interview finder sted i verdens sidste absolutte monarki, men det er nu ikke fordi, kongen af Swazilands magt aldrig er blevet udfordret. Dette kongedømme, der er omkranset af land og grænser op til Sydafrika og Mozambique, lider under kronisk fattigdom og mangel på mad. HIV-smitte er mere udbredt her end noget andet sted på kloden. Kong Mswati III blev kronet for 20 år siden i en alder af 18 år. Kongen, også kaldet Ingwenyama (løven), har mange koner, og lever et liv i luksus sammenlignet med sine undersåtter. Swaziland er blevet beskrevet som en diktatorisk ø i et hav af demokrati. Oppositionspartier er ulovlige, og royalisterne argumenterer for, at demokrati er en kilde til splittelse, mens monarkiet opfordrer til sammenhold.

2. Allan: En varm velkomst, Deres majestæt … hvilke faktorer har efter din mening

været afgørende for at dit, det sidste absolutte monarki i Afrika, består, når så mange andre er faldet?

3. Kongen: Kongen af Swaziland er folkets konge. Når kongen regerer sit land, tager

han altid folket med på råd, og folket bidrager altid til kongens beslutninger. På den måde er monarkiet altid i kontakt med folket.

4. Allan: Lignende systemer over hele Afrika er dog gennem årene blevet erstattet af

republikker, parlamentarisk styre eller folkevalgte præsidenter. Presser folket ikke på for at skifte til et lignende system?

5. Kongen: Forskellige lande ledes forskelligt. Det er op til folket at vælge. Og folket

i dette land har besluttet, at de er tilfredse med det nuværende system, som de forstår, og som de bakker op omkring.


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Appendix 9 Translation into Danish

POLITISK INTERVIEW “GIV DIN MENING TIL KENDE!" 1. Allan: Dagens interview foregår i verdens sidste absolutte monarki, men Kongen af

Swazilands magt har også mødt modstand. Dette lukkede kongerige, der grænser op til Sydafrika og Mozambique, lever i evig fattigdom og mangel på mad. Landet har den højeste HIV-incidens på verdensplan. Kong Mswati III blev kronet for 20 år siden i en alder af 18 år. Kongen, der går under navnet Ingwenyama (Løven, red.), har mange koner og lever en betydelig større luksustilværelse i forhold til sine undersåtter. Swaziland er blevet beskrevet som en diktaturø i et hav af demokrati. Der er forbud mod oppositionspartier, og royalister hævder, at demokrati deler landet op i klasser og at en monark er en stærk samlende kraft”

2. Allan: Deres Majestæt, hjertelig velkommen…Hvilke faktorer, tror De, har

opretholdt det sidste absolutte monarkiske Afrika, når nu så mange andre er faldet?

3. King: Kongen af Swaziland er folkets konge. I alt hvad kongen foretager sig, når han regerer landet, vil der være altid en proces i at rådføre sig med folket, og enhver beslutning, han træffer, er et resultat af folkets bidrag. Det sætter således Monarkiet i stand til altid at være i kontakt med folket.

4. Allan: Ikke desto mindre er lignende systemer i årenes og årtiernes løb over hele

Afrika blevet erstattet af enten republikker, valgte parlamentsmedlemmer eller præsidentsystemer. Er et sådant pres tilstede her for den slags system?

5. King: Forskellige lande har deres systemer, og det er folket, der bestemmer, hvad

de vil have. Og folket i dette land har besluttet, at det system, de lever under, er et system, som de føler sig tilpas i og et system, de forstår godt, og som de gerne vil støtte.

6. Allan: Når De betragter de forandringer, der har fundet sted over de sidste ti til

femten år i Sydafrika og Mozambique, Deres to direkte naboer, og som vidner om en meget positiv demokratisering og i og med, at det er velkendt, at Sydafrika i særdeleshed gerne så Dem rykke nærmere et indskrænket monarki, har De så sådanne samtaler med de sydafrikanske myndigheder?

7. King: Vi er Swazier, og som Swazier bliver alt udført af Swazi-folket. Swazi-folket

er dem, som bor her, og det er dem, som altid vil bo i dette land. Det er dem, som vil vide, hvad der falder i deres smag. Så hvis Swazi-folket har besluttet, at det er sådan, de vil have det, og eftersom Swazi-folket har besluttet, at det er sådan, de vil have det, så vil vi arbejde for, hvordan Swazi-folket gerne vil have det.

8. Allan: Deres Majestæt, dette er én af de ting, som tydeligvis fascinerer mennesker

over hele verden. Størstedelen af de spørgsmål, vi har modtaget, drejer sig om polygami og omkring Deres familie og Deres egen personlige situation. Hvad er værdien i polygami i dagens verden, når langt størstedelen af verdens samfund er monogame?


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9. King: Alle nationer bestemmer, hvilket system de vil have. De øvrige beslutter, hvilket system de vil have. Swazi-folket har ligeledes bestemt, at de vil fortsætte med at have dette system. Når man selv kommer fra et anderledes system, ser det også lidt anderledes ud, når man ser et andet. Men for dem, som er vant til disse omgivelser, virker det ikke anderledes.

10. Allan: Jeg accepterer, at det ukendte ofte virker chokerende ved første øjekast, men

det, jeg spørger Dem om, er: Hvorfor er polygami så højt værdsat hos Swazi-folket? Hvad tilfører det Swazi-samfundet?

11. King: Jeg må spørge mange Swazier, hvad det giver dem, da det er dem, som

egentlig har bestemt, at det er sådan, de vil have det.

12. Allan: Hvorfor støtter De det? Hvorfor praktiserer De det?

13. King: En konge er folkets konge. Kongen er altid hos folket. Han skal være identisk med folket i det land, som han lever i.


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Appendix 10

Translation into Danish

POLITISK INTERVIEW ”FÅ INDFLYDELSE!"

1. Allan: Dagens interview foregår i et af verdens sidste absolutte monarkier, men kongen af Swazilands magt har ikke været ubestridt. Dette kongerige, som er omgivet af land, og som grænser op til Sydafrika og Mozambique, lider under kronisk fattigdom og fødevaremangel.

Det har den højeste forekomst af HIV-infektioner i verden. Kong Mswati III blev kronet for 20 år siden, i en alder af 18. Kongen, som kaldes Ingwenyama (Løven), har mange koner og bor meget luksuriøst i forhold til sine undersåtter. Swaziland er blevet beskrevet som en diktatorisk ø i et ocean af demokrati. Politiske oppositionspartier er forbudte, da royalisterne mener, at demokrati skaber splittelse og at en monark er en stærk forenende kraft.

2. Allan: Deres Majestæt, rigtig hjertelig velkommen…Hvilke faktorer tror De har

bevaret det sidste eksisterende absolutte monarki i Afrika, når så mange andre er faldet?

3. Kongen: Kongen af Swaziland er en konge af folket. Det eneste kongen gør, når

han leder landet, er altid at gennemgå processen, hvor der rådføres med folket og hver eneste beslutning han træffer er et resultat af et bidrag fra folket. Så det gør, at monarkiet altid er i kontakt med folket.

4. Allan: Alligevel er lignende systemer overalt i Afrika i årenes løb blevet erstattet af

republikker, af folkevalgte parlamentariske eller præsidentielle systemer. Er der noget pres her for et sådant system?

5. Kongen: Forskellige lande har deres egne systemer, og det er folket der vælger,

hvad de gerne vil have. Og folket i dette land har besluttet, at det system, som de lever i, er et system, som de trygge ved og et system, som de forstår godt og som de støtter.

6. Allan: Når man kigger på de ændringer, som har fundet sted i de sidste ti til femten

år i Sydafrika og Mozambique, Deres to nærmeste naboer, som har udmundet i en meget positiv demokratisering, og det er velkendt, at især Sydafrika gerne så, at Swaziland nærmede sig et mere konstitutionelt monarki. Taler De med de sydafrikanske myndigheder om dette?

7. Kongen: Vi er swazilændere og fordi vi er swazilændere er alt gjort af

swazilænderne. Det er swazilænderne, som bor her, og det er dem, som altid vil være her i dette land. Det er dem, som vil se, hvad der passer dem. Så hvis swazilænderne har besluttet, at det er det de gerne vil have, og da swazilænderne har besluttet at det er det de vil have, så vil vi følge hvordan swazilænderne vil se tingene.

8. Allan: Deres Majestæt, en af de ting, som tydeligt fascinerer folk i hele verden og

størstedelen af de spørgsmål, som vi har modtaget, handler om polygami og om


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Deres familie og Deres personlige situation. Hvilken værdi har polygami i dag, når størstedelen af verdens samfund er monogame?

9. Kongen: Hver nation beslutter, hvilket system de ønsker. De andre kan beslutte,

hvilket system de ønsker. Swazilænderne har også besluttet, at dette er et system, som de vil fortsætte med. Når man kommer fra et anderledes system ser det lidt mærkeligt ud, når man ser det andet system. Men for dem, som er vant til omgivelserne, virker det ikke mærkeligt.

10. Allan: Jeg accepterer, at det ukendte ofte er chokerende til at starte med, men det

jeg spørger Dem om er: hvorfor er polygami så værdsat af swazilænderne? Hvordan bidrager det til samfundet i Swaziland?

11. Kongen: Jeg bliver nødt til at spørge mange af swazilænderne, hvordan det

bidrager, fordi det er dem, som virkelig har besluttet, at det er det de gerne vil have.

12. Allan: Og hvorfor støtter De det? Hvorfor praktiserer De det?

13. Kongen: En konge er en konge af folket. En konge af altid en konge med folket. Han skal være identisk med folket, som han bor sammen med.


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Appendix 11 SOURCE TEXT IN ENGLISH

1. Allan: Today’s interview is in the world’s last remaining absolute monarchies, but the power of the King of Swaziland has not gone unchallenged. This landlocked kingdom bordered by South Africa and Mozambique suffers from chronic poverty and food shortages. It has the highest incidence of HIV infection in the world. King Mswati III was crowned 20 years ago at the age of 18. The King, called Ingwenyama (the Lion), has many wives and lives in a considerable luxury compared to his subjects. Swaziland has been described as an island of dictatorship in a sea of democracy. Opposition political parties are banned; royalists argue that democracy creates division and that a monarch is a strong unifying force.

2. Allan: Your Majesty, a very warm welcome. What factors, do you think, have

sustained yours the last absolute monarchal Africa, when so many others have fallen?

3. King: The King of Swaziland is the king by the people. All that the king does

whenever he rules the country, there is always the process of consulting the people and every decision he makes is a result of the contribution of the people. So, that makes the monarchy always in touch with the people.

4. Allan: Nonetheless, across Africa similar systems have been replaced over the

years and decades by republics, by elected parliamentary or presidential systems. Is there pressure here for that kind of system?

5. King: Different countries have got their systems and it is within the people to

decide what they want. And the people of this country have decided that the system they are living in, is a system which they are comfortable with and a system they understand well and they want to support.

6. Allan: When you look at the changes that have taken place over the last ten to

fifteen years in South Africa and Mozambique, your two direct neighbors, that amounts to very positive democratization and it is well known that South Africa in particular, would like to see you advance towards a more constitutional monarchy. Do you have those talks with South African authorities?

7. King: We are Swazis and if we are Swazis everything is done by the Swazis. The

Swazis are the ones who live here and they are the ones who will always be here in this country. They are the ones who will want to see what suits them. So, if the Swazis have decided that this is what they want, and since the Swazis have decided that this is what they want, we will go according to how the Swazis want to see things.


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8. Allan: Your Majesty, this is one of the things that clearly fascinate people all over

the world and the majority of questions we have received were about polygamy and about your family and your own personal situation. What is the value of polygamy in today’s world when the vast majority of the societies across the world are monogamous?

9. King: Every nation decides which system they want. The others may decide what

system they want. The Swazis have also decided that this is a system they will continue with. Coming from a different system, it looks a bit awkward when you see another one. But for those who are used to the surroundings, it does not seem awkward.

10. Allan: I accept that the unfamiliar is often shocking at first, but what I am asking

you is: why is polygamy so valued by the Swazis? What does it bring to Swazi society?

11. King: I have to ask a lot of the Swazis what it brings to them, because they are the

ones who really have decided that this is what they want.

12. Allan: And why do you support it? Why do you practice it?

13. King: A king is a king by the people. The king is always with the people. He must be identical to the people of the country who he lives with.


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Appendix 12 BBC RADIO POLITICAL INTERVIEW “HAVE YOUR SAY!" TRANSCRIPT (RECORDED ON SEPTEMBER 29, 2006)

1. Allan: Today’s program was recorded in one of the world’s last remaining absolute monarchies but the power of the King of Swaziland hasn’t gone unchallenged. This landlocked kingdom bordered by South Africa and Mozambique suffers from chronic poverty and food shortages. It has the highest incidence of HIV infection in the world. I put your questions to King Mswati III. He was crowned 20 years ago at the age if 18. The King called who is known as Ingwenyama (the Lion) has many wives and lives in a considerable luxury compared to his subjects. Swaziland has been described as an island of dictatorship in a sea of democracy. Opposition political parties are banned; royalists argue that democracy creates division and that a monarch is a strong unifying force.

2. Allan: Hello and welcome! I am Allan Little with this special edition of Have your

say! from Swaziland. I am in Lozita Royal palace near the capital Mbabane. Our guest today is His Majesty the king Mswati the Third. He came to the throne of the age of just 18 and has ruled this tiny landlocked kingdom for the last 20 years. He doesn’t often give interviews but he has agreed to answer your questions here, on the BBC.

Your Majesty a very warm welcome to “Have your say!”A lot of the e-mails we have received concern the system of government in Swaziland and this one came from Ndikazi Kalua in Zambia and he asks what factors, do you think, have sustained yours the last absolute monarchal Africa, when so many others have fallen?

3. King: You know, the King of Swaziland is king by the people. All that the king

does whenever he rules the country, there is always the process of consulting the people and every decision he makes it is as a result of the contribution of the people. So, that makes the monarchy always in touch with the people.

4. Allan: Nonetheless across Africa, similar systems have been replaced over the

years and decades by republics, by elected parliamentary or presidential systems. Is that pressure here for that kind of system?

5. King: Different countries have got their systems and it’s within the people to

decide what they want. And the people of this country have decided that the system they are living with is the system, which they are comfortable with, and the system they understand it well, is the system they want to support.

6. Allan: You took over as monarch at the age of 18. That’s a very tender age for

somebody to command such widespread executive powers!

7. King: Monarchs in the world have taken, have assumed post at a spe…specific timing. It’s within the people to decide that it is now for the monarchy to become


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the king. And especially cause the monarchy there is a lot of advisers who advise him on issues. The Queen Mother is there, there is the Cabinet, there is the Parliament, there are members of the Swazi National Concern. There are a lot of advisers who advise the King. So the King go, with the age… the age is not so important.

8. Allan: Let me tell you a question from Sweden from Mathew in Uppsala: “Why is

King Mswati III enjoying absolute powers? Is it not time to let the people decide how they should be governed? Any constitution should not ignore the wishes and political aspirations of the people”. That does seem to be the reputation, the image that Swaziland has among many parts of the world!

9. King: It’s unfortunate that a lot of people think of just grabbing these powers. Yet

the powers, the powers are always decided by the people. The people have spoken that they will want the monarchy in this position, and they will want to see the government also taking its own part, you know, with all the three arms of government, which, you know, any democratic world will use and they are being used even today. There are so many structures, which, you know, they are there for the running of the country. So, in terms of saying that the powers are with the King, the powers are shared by many different people.

10. Allan: But the people do not have the power, do they, to challenge their executive,

to overturn their executive in the way they do it in a parliamentary democracy? Because you are the Executive!

11. King: There is the Parliament, there is Cabinet. They are the ones who discuss

most of the issues and most of it starts there. And only after they finish, you know, after they have come to an agreement that they agree with this idea, then they only bring it to me for approval. So, if ever there is anything, which perhaps they do not agree with, they can discuss it amongst themselves until they reach an agreement.

12. Allan: Let me give you a view, which came to us from Swaziland, from somebody

called Zachariah. He says: “All executive powers used to be invested in the King”. In you! “With this new constitution, there are clauses which mean the King can’t exercise executive authority independently. Is the King aware that current constitution, the new one, makes him a constitutional monarch?” Do you think, you have become a constitutional monarch?

13. King: This constitution was looked at by a lot of Swazis. And a lot of Swazis have

been very comfortable with this constitution. They came to me, they addressed the constitution, they also went to Parliament, which… they looked at it very carefully. And many many structures in the country have looked at the constitution. They have all advised that it is a very good constitution.

14. Allan: But the interesting thing about this e-mail is that this is not coming from

somebody who thinks that the constitution doesn’t go far enough… in extending democratic rights to the people; those who say that it just entrenches your even further. This e-mail comes from somebody who thinks that you’ve given away too many powers.


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15. King: Yeah, it is very interesting that this someone thinks like that. A lot of people have a lot of different views. It is a new constitution and since this new, let’s allow it to work, let’s time goes by because any constitution is always open for change.

16. Allan: For twenty years you governed, political parties have been banned! Does the new constitution allow political parties to organize, to fight elections?

17. King: For twenty years we have had Parliament, which has been operating. We

have had elections. It goes back even from 1978 that is when the elections… It’s just that the elections were different. The elections were not the same.

18. Allan: But the Parliament is not much more than a consultative body is it?

19. King: It is! It is a very important institution since 1978. When it came into force, it

became a very important institution. The King has always been advised by the Parliament. All the decision-makings, all has been going through the Parliament before they can get an approval from the King.

20. Allan: I don’t dispute, Your Majesty, that the Parliament is an important institution,

but what I am suggesting to you is that it is a consultative body only, it gives advice, it doesn’t have the power to recall or overturn the executive, because executive powers lie with you.

21. King: The Parliamentarians, because every process starts from there. If there is any

bill, which is to be signed, it goes through Parliament. All the ministers have to go from the Prime Minister to the ministers; they all have to go and be answerable to the Parliament. And, of course, you know the Parliamentarians will ask their questions accordingly the way they want to see the answers and if they still feel that they are unsatisfied, they can say: “We are not satisfied”.

22. Allan: Let me take a question from Uganda from Ahmed Catarega Musazi:

“Shouldn’t King Mswati III initiate reforms himself and turn his kingdom into a constitutional monarchy like that of England or the neighboring Lesotho?”

23. King: I am always consulting the people and I am always advised by the people. I

always listen to the people. I don’t take decisions on my own. So, what is important is that every step I make is as a result of the consultation I have made.

24. Allan: Many human rights activists since Swaziland have protested against the new

constitution simply because they believe that it further entrenches your own power but hides that within the near of constitutionality.

25. King: Well, as I mentioned, people have got different views. People will never all

of them say…it’s a situation where everyone has got their own thinking. There are those who say this and there are those who say… So, we can truly say that’s a reality that most people are thinking differently.

26. Allan: Let me put an e-mail to you from Sweden, Victor Koronga: “I believe that

the media is equally important in preserving the kingdom. But is it true that media does not operate freely in your kingdom? When will you allow other media operators to practice freely in Swaziland?” It is true that all broadcast media is


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controlled by the state and that there are no really truly independent newspapers in Swaziland.

27. King: I think you can find that information even from the media people houses

here. There is the Media Committee, which is responsible for any establishment of anything which has to do with the media. And there are a lot of reporting which are always told about my own country, so I don’t... I don’t think it is quite true to say that the media is controlled by the state. I think the media here, you know, they can do as much as they can on their own without being controlled by no one.

28. Allan: Reporters Without Borders, which is a journalism watchdog, say that the

only private daily newspaper in Swaziland is given over to trivia, entertainment and sport and the criticizing the king in public media is inconceivable.

29. King: It’s not like that! If people feel that the King is an important institution, it’s

within their belief to say that, now, the King is an important institution. But it is not like there is any particular law, which governs to say that you don’t write that or this is what you write. It is within a person and how a person feel, if they want to say whatever they want to say, it is within the heart what they wish to do.

30. Allan: Have you been criticized by any of the Swazi media?

31. King: I have not been informed. So far I’ve been looking at it and I noticed that

they have been very supportive of the system.

32. Allan: Isn’t it awkward that you have a twenty year rule and nothing you’ve ever done has been openly criticized in the media?

33. King: No, in life you always try to look at the good things and trying to promote

very good things so that the country can continue to develop. Every person, you know, will have some challenges there and there. You only concentrate on the positive side, so that things will be positive.

34. Allan: Article 19, also a watchdog group for the media across the world. They say

that the 1997 Media Council Bill brings all media under government control in effect because it promotes a culture of self-censorship. People are simply afraid to criticize the decisions of their executive because that is the same thing as criticizing the King!

35. King: We are in the 2006 now and there is a new constitution, which is the

Supreme Law of the country, which means, you know, all kinds of things, which were there after 2006; that means they have now been replaced by this new Constitution.

36. Allan: Let me put this question from Sad Ragput of Georgia in the United States:

“How much international pressure is there on your country to advance in a democratic direction?”

37. King: A country decides for its own what it wants because the people of that

country are the ones who live there. They are the ones who understand the


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happiness and the sadness of anything that happens which concerns them. So it is up to the people of the particular country to decide how they would like to live because this will always affect them.

38. Allan: When you look at the changes that have taken place over the last ten to fifteen years in South Africa and Mozambique, your two direct neighbors, that amounts to very positive democratization and it’s well known that South Africa in particular would like to see you advance towards more constitutional monarchy. Do you have those talks with South African authorities?

39. King: We are Swazis and if we are Swazis everything is done by the Swazis. The

Swazis are the ones who live here and they are the ones who will always be here in this country. They are the ones who will want to see what will suit them. So if the Swazis have decided that this is what they want, and since the Swazis have decided that this is what they want, we will go accordingly to how the Swazis want to see things.

40. Allan: There were a lot of e-mails, Your Majesty, about economic development.

This is a poor country; many of the people live or depend upon support from outside. The UNDP says 2/3 of your people live under the poverty line in chronic poverty. And from Uganda Bibi writes this: “You are a landlocked country nation that relies on agriculture and forestry, do you think your gross domestic product can support the nation?”

41. King: Any country is always developing and you always find that each year there

are new challenges, each day has got its own challenges which you have to face as a person and you will find that we improve one situation, the next day you find that there is another thing we have to improve. So in life, it is all about making an effort to make sure that you…we improve the conditions of living standard. You find one time we overcome problems of unemployment but the next time you find people now want leisure, so you have to provide all this. But at the moment we are now trying to solve the problems of unemployment and this one issue, which we are still working very hard. We have a lot of programs in place, which is trying to support our people. We are creating many, many industries in the manufacturing, agro-industries and tourism, mining, small, medium enterprises and other industries, which are the infrastructure and so on. So, we are trying but we are trying really with our resources we have and we can only do the best what we can. We also encourage a lot of people from outside our country to come and join us in the fight against poverty because at the end of the day we want to see better living standards for our people.

42. Allan: Why do so many Swazis remain so poor?

43. King: Many Swazis are living OK and we are trying our at most best to provide

them with a lot of things. Even the ones who sometimes cannot afford a lot of things we have provided a lot of schemes for them to support their places. We are encouraging that a lot of people should start businesses. We are educating our people to how to start businesses and how to run them successfully. It’s a process! We are also helping those, you know, who sometimes they experience difficulties because they are lacking their resources and all these things, which at the end of the day not only will they lack resources but also to start businesses but to even run


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their affairs, you know all those things we do provide them so that we give a bit of help. But you know these are things one has to work on every now and again, it’s not just something you can overcome in a short space of time.

44. Allan: Do you think this is an investor-friendly destination for people looking for places to make investments?

45. King: There are a lot of investors who have been here since…for the last past six

years we introduced a lot of…don’t want to say that this started from 2000; I am just taking from the last six years. Starting from 2000 we have seen quite a lot of them coming in the country and a lot are still continuing to come in.

46. Allan: Why they have been coming in since 2000? What changes have you made?

47. King: What we did was that when the whole world was having millennium

programs we then looked at our programs and then we also said let’s go the line which of developing the millennium goals and then we have an action plan and that action plan was to set target of certain particular timing that this is what we need to achieve each year. So, each year there were a lot of things, for instance, if I may make an example like in the manufacturing, we said there must be at least a minimum of ten industries, which should be able to accommodate 200 people, that’s minimum. But for the last past few years, we have seen a tremendous increase, not only the people who were given work were under 200, but they were more than 200, which is a sign. And then, there were a lot of each year, a lot of factories which were constructed just only, only on the manufacturing, not to mention like the agro-industries, the development which is taking place in the rural areas, the infrastructure of bringing water dams so that they can have water, clean water, and water for irrigation to their products and so many things.

48. Allan: And yet there is still no sign that the unemployment rate is coming down or

that the number of people living in chronic poverty is falling!

49. King: Most of our people they live OK. In life you always try to say let me not give up, you know like things are OK, so that, you know keep on having these moments that I work harder and I have to work harder. So if you feel that as if I have done my best, then you stop working harder but if you keep on feeling that I have not done my best, you keep on putting much more spirit in working very hard.

50. Allan: Let me take a question from the United States from Roric Strindberg: “Why

not pursue a policy of liberalization like Botswana? They are one of the most successful countries in Africa. If you don’t liberalize your society and economy, are you not holding your people back?

51. King: We do a lot of things in trying to see how we can improve our economy! We

do a lot of seminars. There was one stage where we invited the whole nation; we discussed the issue where some of the financial institutions made contribution because a lot of people expressed the need for the resources to be available easy. But of course when they access them, they don’t find that, you know, they are asking for all these collectorals and so on. But of course at the same time we have give assurances to the financial institutions that whatever funding they will give to our people is funding that is not just be given to them and then there are problems


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or their projects will not go well. So there has to be a way of looking at each other, supporting each other that whatever we start, we start successfully. No one at the end of the day becomes a failure.

52. Allan: But it’s a very competitive world out there and your neighbors Mozambique and South Africa have embraced fairly competitive capitalist models! And a thrust of this question is that you are still imposing too many restrictions on people who want to come here and invest. And you haven’t unlocked the mineral and mining potential of this country, have you? It’s still locked up!

53. King: Many people have a lot of expressions and views when they come to our

country. But our country it’s a country, which is open to all kinds of things. If you come and then present your case, we are always willing to sit down, look at it very carefully and then decide like many other companies who have already been here in the country. There are a lot of them. Big companies are here, they’ve established themselves. We sit down with them, we discuss and we have made an arrangement and things are going well and a lot of them are very happy. And what is encouraging is to see that even those who are here before, they are not fly-over-nights but they are companies that are staying here and they are making expansions.

54. Allan: Let me ask you about something, which is a very serious problem for your

country – HIV, AIDS. You’re infection rate is something like 40%, which is the highest infection rate in the world. We have a question here from Japan from Alex Zesh in Japan: “How can your country survive with 40% of its people infected with HIV, what are you and your government doing about this potentially fatal crisis?”

55. King: It’s one of the first sad things to see that, you know, that the HIV is one of

the issues, which is hitting very hard our people. Of course, we have to take this very seriously because there are a lot of people who are dying. There are a lot of programs in place. First to educate our people.

56. Allan: Why is it so high, why is it so bad?

57. King: Well, we have to continue the education of our people. I can never say why it

is like that. But the only thing we have to do is to continue educating our people how to live healthy lives, practice healthy practices and so on, and make sure that, you know, whatever situation they are in, they will not spread the problems of HIV Aids. A lot of international organizations are out there and a lot our people; NGOs are there, a lot of our structures, all our traditional structures. We are using every method just to try and fight. Not long ago we had all the young girls who were… we brought up the old practice of abstinence, encouraging abstinence and rate amongst them dropped tremendously, which was very good. So…(Journalist overlap)

58. Allan: Could you issue a decree on it?

59. King: It was not a decree! We just spoke up out that this is what we need

(journalist overlap)…

60. Allan: …and encouraged abstinence…


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61. King: That’s right! (Journalist overlap)

62. Allan: …and it worked! 63. King: And it worked well!

64. Allan: But why are you and so many other African leaders actually so reluctant to

identify the causes explicitly, to stand up and say this is what causes it, you must change you behavior!

65. King: It’s a long, I am sure you know when you look at the problems of it, HIV

AIDS.... They include a lot of things, they need you to provide this, they need you to have this. It’s not just one particular thing! When you look, you know, people have to be engaged from morning to evening to some kind of activity. Which in our case is you find that sometimes it is not there. You know, when you have to wake up and then you have to do nothing the whole day. If your whole day just goes by without yourself being engaged in some kind of activity, then that makes your day not very interesting. So you’re likely to, you know, to start say well, let me look at the other things that I can do and only to find that maybe going the wrong direction. So, it’s many, many things that one needs to look at in order to fight this problem of HIV AIDS.

66. Allan: Promiscuity, isn’t it? That’s the problem! It’s about sexual practice!

67. King: It’s about that you know people need to understand that even though you

don’t have a job, then you don’t have to go out there or if you have nothing at home that you are doing, then that’s why we encourage lot of young people that they must go to school, they must be there from the morning till the afternoon. And even those who cannot even afford to pay themselves, we encourage, we help them, we support them! But of course, you always find that, you know, this problem still continues to be there. But it’s a fight that, you know, you don’t give up! You know in life things do OK there and there and you even wonder why do they even are OK, but it’s something that sometimes comes, it’s unfortunate that it is there. But we hope someday that it will not be there!

68. Allan: Do you ever say publicly the reason our country is the worst in the world for

this is that our sexual practices are… have encouraged it?

69. King: I encourage people to always live and practice healthy lives! Let’s go and do testing, let us make sure that we do not contract HIV AIDS disease. And even encourage those who are suffering from it and encourage them that you must educate others about the dangers of this disease. So, we are making every effort, you know, to fight this problem.

70. Allan: We have a question from the Philippines from Canafey Kornetta and it’s

about the impact of HIV/AIDS on economic development: “Do you think that the increase in growth in HIV/AIDS will affect the development of the country?”

71. King: It does! Especially because you know when you have a lot of the highly

educated people in particular areas where you have a lot of professions, then here come the problems of HIV/AIDS. You find sometimes it also hits them! Because,


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you know, HIV/AIDS has no boundaries, it goes to every corner and it’s wiping out a lot of things. A lot of people are working in the industries, it goes there, it takes amounts! So, it is a very very big thing, a very big challenge.

72. Allan: One of the problems that have arisen as a result of it is the phenomenon of the so-called child headed households; households where both parents have died, leaving the children and in some cases a single child to defend for themselves. There is a question here form Tabisu, it doesn’t say were Tabisu is from but it is pretty clear that this is from Swaziland: “I would like to know if you have any plans for all the orphaned children we have en Swaziland! I really think that the government has to urgently do something about this. Is it possible to provide free education for these children?

73. King: Yes, we are aware that there are a lot of children who are left behind without

no family because the families would move on, not only the children but also the elderly someone you find that there is the children, the elderly with no one to look after. And as a country we try to provide something for them, I mentioned in education, I also mentioned in health if ever they need to be helped with their health institutions we help them. There are a lot of structures which we have also set up also with the support of the UN, we have set up a lot of schemes, which are helping in the communities, we built like a home where all the ones, who their families have moved they can be approached to this in a chief’s area and live with the chief. The chief becomes responsible for them because, you know, there can be no kids which can just grow on their own without the support of an elderly someone.

74. Allan: But there are households all over your country that are doing exactly that!

They are looking after themselves or an older sibling, or somebody in their early teens in effect becomes the parental figure in the household!

75. King: Now, what we are encouraging is that if there is a particular situation like

that, then because there are communities, there are committees which are established to see any social problem, then they should be responsible for those particular issues by taking into, you know, taking whatever situation into their hands and make sure that they solve it. And they shouldn’t leave young kinds all by themselves because the structure does provide a lot of things, the government and of course with the help of the Global Fund. They’ve also been very supportive in helping us setting up all the structures.

76. Allan: UNICEF say they think that the number of AIDS orphans will increase by

10 % in Swaziland in the course of this year 2006. Do you know how many AIDS orphans there are now?

77. King: Not quite, we are still about to pick survey in this particular issue, so that we

can also could get our own figures, which you know we can count every person.

78. Allan: Do you know roughly how many there are?

79. King: I am not so sure so far.

80. Allan: But it runs into tens of thousands!


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81. King: I will have to ask the ministers.

82. Allan: Let me ask you, let me put to you a question, this one from London Allison

Marsiniyak in the United Kingdom:”People look up to their officials and see them as role models. How can you justify having so many wives, when having multiple partners is one of the social behaviors that exacerbates the spread of HIV/AIDS.

83. King: Well, you know I mentioned HIV has no boundaries whether you have many

wives or you have one wife, or you have no wife. HIV is if you don’t practice healthy practices, it catches up with you. I don’t think that there is anyone out there in the world who is looking to shorten their life. Every person wants to make sure that you live a long, long life until you are an old person. I would say that, you know, look at practice of healthy lives!

84. Allan: But this is a question! This is not about infidelity or promiscuity! This is

about something quite different, this is about polygamy. Is there any connection between polygamy as it’s practiced in Swaziland and the spread of HIV/AIDS?

85. King: There is no connection because any nation has got its own structures and if

the structure is in the system they are is to live with this system accordingly and live proper life. You know, you don’t live a life that will create problems for yourself. So it’s important that whichever system you are in, this system also makes sure that provides healthy life.

86. Allan: Your Majesty, this is one of the things that clearly fascinate people all over

the world and the majority of questions we have received were about polygamy and about your family and your own personal situation. What is the value of polygamy in today’s world when the vast majority of the societies across the world are monogamous?

87. King: Well, every nation, you know, decides which system they want. The others

may decide this is the system we want. The Swazis have also decided that this is a system they will continue. You know, coming of course from a different system it looks a bit awkward when you see another one. And that one too when he goes to that other system, they also find it awkward. So, you can see that you know when you go to a system which is completely different or you go to any environment, which is completely different, you feel a bit awkward there. But those who are used to the surroundings it doesn’t seem awkward.

88. Allan: But I accept that the unfamiliar is often shocking at first, but what I am

asking you is, why is polygamy so valued by the Swazis? What does it bring to Swazi society?

89. King: (laughs) I have to ask a lot of the Swazis what does it brings to them because

they are the ones who really have decided that this is what they want.

90. Allan: And why do you support it? Why do you practice it?


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91. King: A king is a king by the people. The king is always you know with the people. He must be identical to the people of the country who he lives with and so on.

92. Allan: You have thirteen wives?

93. King: I don’t know… I don’t know the number if I have thirteen, I am not so sure.

But it’s not something, which I always discuss how many I have.

94. Allan: Not even with your own people?

95. King: No, we don’t. It’s just within, it stay within… it’s inside the household to know how many.

96. Allan: Over the last period we have seen the annual “Reed Dance”, the ceremony

of the reeds. It is a central event in the ceremonial calendar, Swazi culture. What’s it about? What happens?

97. King: It’s one of the important occasions, which we have. We have one for the

women and this month we have one for the girls. In two months to come we will have different occasions for the men and young men. So, every Swazi has to take part in our ceremonial activities, our cultural values because we believe we should participate in our traditions and culture because that’s our identity.

98. Allan: The one we had this month, the one we saw in the last few days was the

young women (King interrupts: That’s; right!) of Swaziland pay tribute to you and to the Queen Mother (King: Exactly!) and historically the King chooses a new bride of the Reed Dance.

99. King: No, it’s an annual event, which always happens!

100. Allan: So it doesn’t happen…so you don’t choose a bride every year?

101. King: No, it happens during my first time until you know you have moved on

from this world. And then also during my time, it’s continuing to happen. It’s not an event where, you know, this has to take place. But it’s an event that this is for the women, this is for the girls to take part, and this is for the men, this is for the young men.

102. Allan: Did you choose a new bride this year from the Reed Dance?

103. King: No, I didn’t.

104. Allan: When was the last time you chose a new bride from the Reed Dance?

105. King: Oh, I can’t remember very well. I have to recall my memory!

106. Allan: Why are you so reluctant to talk about this when there is such observation

all over the world?


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107. King: To talk about…?

108. Allan: About your own polygamous marriages!

109. King: About my private life? No, my private life, you know stay within. It’s not for everyone to see or to find out!

110. Allan: But don’t you think your people have a right to know even how many

wives you have? 111. King: The people of Swaziland are the ones who say the King can’t talk about

how many wives he has.

112. Allan: So they support your right to privacy in this?

113. King: I am sure they would say that!

114. Allan: Let me take another e-mail from the United States. Maduri in New York: “I have no problem with the concept of polygamy, but I would like to ask King Mswati about the double standards that exist in most polygamous societies. Why are men permitted to have many wives, but women may only have one husband?”

115. King: They have to ask also the Swazis why this situation. Because the Swazis

are the ones who can really answer best.

116. Allan: And what is your opinion?

117. King: (laughs) My opinion is all I find out from them what they think about this because as a king I can’t make the decision because they are the ones who must make those decisions.

118. Allan: Let’s descend about this in your own royal household, your own first born

daughter Princess Sikanisu has criticized this practice, she too thinks that it is discriminatory against women. What your reaction to that?

119. King: Well, I cannot comment about something I did not hear! There are a lot of

rumors. So one cannot answer gossip, something, which you just hear that oh, someone said this! And that I really have no proof that….

120. Allan: Your Majesty, this isn’t really gossip! This was a public statement that she

chose to give quite deliberately and it was reported widely in the newspapers across Southern Africa in which she said: “Polygamy brings all advantages in a relationship to men and this to me is unfair and evil!”

121. King: Well, as I say I did not see her making that public statement. I was not

there and I did not read a text that she actually said it like that. So I am not so sure how you know the story came about.

122. Allan: Is she entitled to give her opinion as a member of the royal household?


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123. King: Each time you know when anyone is to do… We always invite them, we invite the media or if they ever want to find out any information, they send a message that they would like to have an interview with so on so in this regard and of course it will always be permitted. In this case I am not so sure how it came about!

124. Allan: It was reported in at least one of the South African newspapers that you

were furious when you heard those comments. Is that true?

125. King: I don’t know when they saw me because I was not with them anyhow!

126. Allan: So you weren’t furious!

127. King: So, how could they say I’m furious when they did not even see me? It’s a question to be asked the South African media not me!

128. Allan: We had some e-mails about the question about women’s rights especially

under the new constitution. Julia Smith in Liberia which is you know is the only country in Africa and the first country in Africa to have an elected woman president. Julia Smith writes: “What are your plans to allow modern democracy in which female candidates will be allowed to contest for higher offices in your kingdom?”

129. King: Women here have always played an important role. My mother, she’s the

Queen Mother, she becomes the head of state sometimes. So, to us it’s not something new. This is an old practice and comes from a long long time and in most of the traditional structures, the women they have played a very important role. They know that they have their place, they can assume any post.

130. Allan: Are there any women in the Cabinet?

131. King: Even in the Cabinet, in all the government structures. Even if you go to the

private sector, to companies you find women being in charge in many many places.

132. Allan: You’re a young man so this is a long way off! But is it conceivable that one of your daughters might one day succeed you as head of state?

133. King: That will be decided by the Swazi people if they are willing and if they are

ready. But accordingly for information in the past it’s not something, which has perhaps ever taken place, but when the Swazis may look at it and decide it is within the people of this country to decide.

134. Allan: As the King you’re the embodiment of the Swazi tradition and Swazi life.

But you have another life as well, you are international statesmen, you were educated and partly grew up in England, you had an English public school education. How do you inhabit these two so radically different values systems?

135. King: I have always believed that traditions and culture and modernity, it is all

about blending these two together, so that you can be very successful. My father used to talk about this, used to talk about playing a piano that if you are to produce


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a good music in a piano you have to play both keys. And in our case, we see that the traditions and the modernity are like the piano which is the both keys in order for one to produce good music. So in order for one to be successful you have to blend these two things together. Then they will work well!

136. Allan: Do you accept that you have a bit of image problem here because, take the

Reed Dance for example. What the world especially the developed world Europe and North America and Japan, what they see is an ancient Swazi practice and a King in effect choosing a bride half his age from among the population. In a way seems very arbitrary and very almost dictatorial. Do you accept that that’s the way the world sees this tradition?

137. King: Well, it’s a pity that the world will see things in a different line instead of

coming here and find out for themselves the real truth how the situation is like. Once you have been here, you understand fully and you appreciate but when you are far away….

138. Allan: But I am here now and I asking you personally and you don’t want to talk

to me about it!

139. King: Which one I didn’t want to talk to you…

140. Allan: You don’t want to talk to me about polygamy! You said, you invoked your right to a private life, so that’s a part of the problem isn’t it? That the world, because you don’t want to talk about it publicly, because you don’t want to be pressed, the world sees it the way it sees it!

141. King: Well, how the world, you know, feels about that. There are certain things of

course are never for the world to talk about and I am sure every person in this world there are certain things in their lives, which they don’t just talk about with the world and it’s just within themselves. And this is one of the things, which is within myself! This is one of the issues, which are kept inside!

142. Allan: Just to clear one thing out, these marriages are never forced, are they?

143. King: No, not at all!

144. Allan: Voluntarily?

145. King: Absolutely! The women are willing to be involved.

146. Allan: There were a lot of questions as well, Your Majesty, about your own

lifestyle and the inequality and wealth that exists in your country. Grace in Switzerland writes: “Your country has a very high poverty rate and high HIV prevalence and yet we read reports in media that you are spending a lot of money on palaces and cars for you and your family. I would like to know whether these reports are true and if they are how you justify that spending?”

147. King: You know people they like say: oh, this one lives like that, this one lives

like that! Allan, you have been here yourself, have you seen anything like that?


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148. Allan: But it is true that your wives and their children live in luxurious

accommodations in comparison to where the most of the Swazis live! You are building palaces, aren’t you?

149. King: I think once you see the situation, you understand fully. But to gossip and

to say oh this is what… When you have never been there… Because I have not seen them coming into the houses. So, since they have never seen them coming to houses, how did they see the houses? I mean to talk about somewhere you have never been, then you say I have been there, when I know that you have never been. How can you justify something like that?

150. Allan: But it is true that your wives need somewhere to live!

151. King: Definitely! Every person needs a place to live in!

152. Allan: And that the Swazi people carried a burden for paying for all of that!

153. King: The Swazi people always look after the King. They are the ones who say

this is how the King should live. They decide and look at ways and means of how the king should live. It’s within the people of Swaziland to decide how the king of Swaziland, you know, with his family should live!

154. Allan: Mary from Budapest in Hungary writes: “The gap between you and your

subject’s lifestyle is gigantic. What personal sacrifices are you willing to make in order to eliminate poverty in your nation?”

155. King: I make every effort helping, supporting every Swazi who wants to start

something. All of us in the family go out there to the different communities to talk to them, find out about their problems, find out about their needs, trying to help them. There are many of the schemes I have mentioned before. These are the schemes which as a result of hearing the difficulties which a lot of people face out there. We come back here, we sit and we look at ways of how we can help and how we can support and in our effort we do something to help them to start a lot of things.

156. Allan: Swaziland has never had a war or a violent revolution, has it?

157. King: No, we have always been very peaceful. We are a peaceful, loving nation.

That’s because also the communication amongst ourselves is so big. The communication with the people and the monarchy is so vast. Every Swazi person has the chance to go and talk to the king and present their cases and so on. And like in my itinerary there are always special days when to say today I can see, because there are different times, and I can see this all the institutions of the country as well as I have seen the Swazi person with all this connection everyone feels that if I have a problem at least I can go and present it to my King and my King will give me an ear and will support whatever I am requesting through the structures. You know the structures to encourage the structures that so and so has this particular program they need or communities if they need some help. So, in that way! Even if


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people have got something they wish to express at least there are proper directions which they can go about.

158. Allan: So you think that there is a connection between the long-standing peace that this kingdom has enjoyed and the decision to preserve these traditional structures of authority the chieftaincies, the monarchy and so on.

159. King: Oh, yes they are very important! They also play a great part in maintaining

peace and stability. Even all these ceremonies we are performing every now and again they bring many, many people from all corners of our country they come together and now it even goes beyond our country. Everyone comes together just to enjoy, just to laugh at each other and this is what the world needs these days.

160. Allan: Sam Smith from Los Angeles in the United States asks: “Does King

Mswati III of Swaziland agree with me that the democracy and traditional African systems of governing could be fused together?” This is a big question, isn’t it? This is at the heart of not just Swaziland’s challenge but Africa’s problems. How do you preserve traditional values, traditional ways of living with western style of democracy?

161. King: What is very helpful is that, you know, with the broad minded of our

people who understand our traditions and who also understand the western style of doing things. They bring all this information together and they work around it and come out with a very good solution.

162. Allan: But it’s not a western model is it? People can’t remove their chiefs by

ballot, by looking for somebody else!

163. King: No, the chief is born. It’s heritage! So, because of that structure. But the way the chief is chosen is so interesting. That’s the process! And when the chief has been now given the authority that he is the chief, the way he handles the affairs, he doesn’t just decide on his own. He still has a committee! The committee is to advise him. He works with that committee; he cannot just take a decision all by himself, simply to say that I am in this position and so for that I just take a decision. There are still people who are around him who help him.

164. Allan: There is a lot of interesting wildlife in this part of Southern Africa. There is

a question from Czech Republic Dr. Paul Cale: “There was a lot of concern in the international community about Swaziland’s decision to sell free living elephants to zoos in America in 2003. Are you going to use your influence to prevent further abuses of your country’s wildlife?”

165. King: We are one country, which is very much supportive of wild life. We have

looked after our wild life. We lost some certain years ago the big five, but they all have been brought back in the country.

166. Allan: All the big five are here now?

167. King: All the big five are here now! But there are only limitations of how many

we can take at certain time. So, at certain times you will find that, you know, the other wild life you have to keep them moving, otherwise the place is no longer


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manageable very well. So, these are that type of things which you know wild life does now and again. When they manage the land or managing the wild life, they have to make sure that the number of wild life or the number of species which are there are not too much, so much that they start overgrazing the area and not helping each other. We still need to see more, we still need them in many, many years to come.

168. Allan: So, Africa’s forging of eco-tourism is a big part of the South African

economy. Can you develop that as well?

169. King: Yes, we are in that direction because that is our interest that we should create as many, many things as we can for if tourists come for a visit here, then we can show them a lot of things. So, we are looking at ways and means of how to attract a lot of tourists.

170. Allan: Since we are on the subject of tourism, the 2010 World Cup is coming to

South Africas you know and Stewart Smith at Princeton, USA writes: “Tourism is the future for Africa and the football World Cup in 2010 will bring more than a million visitors to the region. Swaziland is in the number one travel region in Africa. Would you consider plans to develop tourism in Swaziland?”

171. King: We’ve a lot of programs for, you know, after we had that South Africa’s

wonder bid, we were very much happy because South Africa even if we are not far away from there in terms of traveling and so on. And then we are doing a lot of things, putting up a lot of things even for the teams to come and practice. So that they familiarize to themselves with the climate, the site. They can come and play around here, so we are putting on all the necessary things they will require.

172. Allan: Do you think Swaziland will qualify?

173. King: Oh yes, I am sure. All the things we are putting up. It will make us to

qualify really.

174. Allan: There is a question from the Swazi Diasporas: “All those Swazis leave their country to improve their lives!” From Duniso who is clearly a member of this Diaspora and now lives in London in the United Kingdom. “How do you intend on facilitating the African Diaspora in Europe to encourage them to take a role in Swaziland’s future?” It does say something about a country, doesn’t it? When so many of its people, often the most talented and enterprising get up and leave?

175. King: Well, people, you know go out, because they want to have exposure. If you

go in a different place, you see how things are running there, and you will help yourself. It’s more like an education process! Then you can come back in your own country and what you have learnt outside you can come and apply here and apply it very successfully.

176. Allan: Ben O’Former in Dublin, in Ireland asks: “What is your vision for your

country? Where do you see Swaziland in the next 50 years?”


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177. King: I see Swaziland very successful and I hope, I want to encourage that many, many people should be successful. Their living standards, I hope, by then will also be very successful. But life is full of challenges! You solve, you overcome one problem one day, the next day is another one!

178. Allan: Your Majesty, thank you very much in deed!

179. King: It’s my pleasure!

180. Allan: And that brings to an end this special edition of Have your say! from inside

the royal palace here in Swaziland…

Documents

Ilze Lande: The Role of Critical Discourse Analysis in the ...pure.au.dk/portal/files/12441/Appendices_1-12_Ilze_Lande_2010.pdfIlze Lande: The Role of Critical Discourse Analysis in