Image Management Service · e A shared image is a private image shared by another user and can be used as your own private image. Low Free You can choose an image as follows: If you

Image Management Service

FAQs

Issue 11

Date 2020-11-28

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2021. All rights reserved.

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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respectiveholders. NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei andthe customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not bewithin the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements,information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guaranteesor representations of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Issue 11 (2020-11-28) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

Contents

1 Image Consulting.................................................................................................................... 11.1 How Do I Select an Image?................................................................................................................................................. 11.2 What Do I Do If I Cannot Find a Desired Image?........................................................................................................ 31.3 What Do I Do If I Want to Set Up an OpenVPN or PyTorch Environment But No Public ImageContaining OpenVPN or PyTorch Is Available?.................................................................................................................... 41.4 How Do I Increase the Image Quota?............................................................................................................................. 41.5 What Are the Differences Between Images and Backups?.......................................................................................51.6 How Can I Back Up the Current Status of an ECS for Restoration in the Case of a System Fault?........... 71.7 Can I Use Private Images of Other Tenants?................................................................................................................. 8

2 Image Creation.........................................................................................................................92.1 Image Creation FAQs............................................................................................................................................................. 92.2 Full-ECS Image FAQs........................................................................................................................................................... 102.3 How Can I Use a Backup to Create an EVS Disk or ECS?....................................................................................... 112.4 Is There Any Difference Between the Image Created from a CSBS/CBR Backup and That Created froman ECS? ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 122.5 Why Can't I Find an ISO Image When I Want to Use It to Create an ECS or Change the OS of an ECS?............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 122.6 How Do I Create a Full-ECS Image Using an ECS That Has a Spanned Volume?..........................................122.7 Why Is Sysprep Required for Creating a Private Image from a Windows ECS?.............................................. 132.8 What Do I Do If the ECS Created from a Windows Image Fails to Start After Running Sysprep?...........13

3 Image Sharing........................................................................................................................ 163.1 Image Sharing FAQs............................................................................................................................................................ 163.2 How Do I Share a Full-ECS Image Created from a CSBS Backup with Other Tenants?...............................183.3 What Do I Do If the Share Option Is Unavailable for My Image?.......................................................................19

4 OS..............................................................................................................................................204.1 How Do I Select an OS?..................................................................................................................................................... 204.2 How Is BIOS Different from UEFI?..................................................................................................................................204.3 How Do I Delete Redundant Network Connections to a Windows ECS?..........................................................214.4 What Do I Do If an ECS Starts Slowly?......................................................................................................................... 224.5 What Do I Do If the One-Click Password Resetting Plug-In Failed to Start?.................................................. 234.6 Why Can't I Find My Private Image When I Want to Use It to Create an ECS or Change the OS of anECS?.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25

5 Image Importing....................................................................................................................26

Image Management ServiceFAQs Contents

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5.1 Can I Use Images in Formats Other Than Those Specified in This Document?..............................................265.2 What Are the Impacts If I Do Not Pre-configure an ECS Used to Create a Private Image?.......................265.3 How Do I Import an OVF or OVA File to the Cloud Platform?.............................................................................275.4 What Do I Do If I Configure an Incorrect OS or System Disk Size During Private Image RegistrationUsing an Image File?.................................................................................................................................................................. 285.5 Why Does the Error Message Displayed on Task Center Indicates That the System Disk Size of theExternal Image File Exceeds the Maximum System Disk Size When a VHD Image File Failed to BeUploaded?....................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

6 Image Exporting.................................................................................................................... 306.1 Can I Download My Private Images to a Local PC?..................................................................................................306.2 Can I Install the Exported System Disk Image of an ECS on a Physical Server?............................................ 306.3 Why Is the Image Size in an OBS Bucket Different from That Displayed in IMS?.........................................306.4 Can I Download a Public Image Provided by HUAWEI CLOUD to My Local PC?...........................................316.5 Comparison Between Import and Fast Import, and Between Export and Fast Export.................................316.6 What Do I Do If the Export Option Is Unavailable for My Image?..................................................................... 34

7 Image Optimization..............................................................................................................357.1 Why Do I Need to Install and Update VMTools for Windows?............................................................................ 357.2 What Changes Will Be Made to an Image File Used for Registering a Private Image?.............................. 367.3 What Initial Configuration Needs to Be Performed on the ECS, BMS, or Image File Before It Is Used toCreate an Image?......................................................................................................................................................................... 377.4 What Do I Do If the Initial Configurations of a Windows External Image File Are Not CompletedBefore the File Is Exported?...................................................................................................................................................... 407.5 What Do I Do If the Initial Configurations of a Linux External Image File Are Not Completed Beforethe File Is Exported?.................................................................................................................................................................... 437.6 How Do I Set NIC Multi-Queue for an Image?.......................................................................................................... 467.7 How Do I Configure an ECS to Dynamically Acquire IPv6 Addresses?...............................................................517.8 How Do I Optimize a System Disk Image So That It Can Be Used to Create ECSs Quickly?.....................63

8 Image Replication................................................................................................................. 65

9 Image Deletion...................................................................................................................... 68

10 Image Encryption................................................................................................................ 69

11 Accounts and Permissions.................................................................................................7011.1 How Do I Create an IAM Agency?................................................................................................................................70

12 Cloud-Init.............................................................................................................................. 7312.1 What Can I Do with a Cloud-Init ECS?........................................................................................................................7312.2 What Do I Do If Injecting the Key or Password Using Cloud-Init Failed After NetworkManager IsInstalled?......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7412.3 How Do I Install growpart for SUSE 11 SP4?........................................................................................................... 7412.4 How Do I Configure a Linux Private Image That Can Automatically Expand Its Root Partition?..........75

13 ECS Creation......................................................................................................................... 8113.1 Can I Change the Image After Successfully Purchasing an ECS?.......................................................................81


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13.2 Can an ECS Created from a Private Image Have Different Hardware Specifications from the ECSUsed to Create the Private Image?........................................................................................................................................ 8113.3 Can I Specify the System Disk Size When I Create an ECS Using an Image?................................................8113.4 What Do I Do If No Partition Is Found During the Startup of an ECS Created from an ImportedPrivate Image?.............................................................................................................................................................................. 8213.5 What Do I Do If the Disks of an ECS Created from a CentOS Image Cannot Be Found?.........................8413.6 What Do I Do If an ECS Created from a Windows Image Failed to Start When I Have Selected EnableAutomatic Configuration During Image Registration?................................................................................................... 8613.7 What Do I Do If an Exception Occurs When I Start an ECS Created from an Image Using the UEFIBoot Mode?.................................................................................................................................................................................... 86

14 Billing..................................................................................................................................... 8814.1 What Are the Charging Standards of IMS?............................................................................................................... 88

15 Change History.................................................................................................................... 90


Issue 11 (2020-11-28) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iv

1 Image Consulting

1.1 How Do I Select an Image?When creating an ECS or BMS, you can select an appropriate image from multipleimage types with different OSs based on the following factors:

● Region and AZ● Image Type● Image Fee● OS

Region and AZAn image is a regional resource. You cannot use an image to create an instanceacross regions. For example, when creating an instance in CN North-Beijing1, youcan select an image only from CN North-Beijing1. For more regions, see Regionand AZ.

If you want to use an image in another region to create an instance, copy theimage to the current region first. For details, see Replicating Images AcrossRegions.

Image TypeImages are classified into public images, private images, shared images, andMarketplace images.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 1 Image Consulting

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Table 1-1 Image types

ImageType

Description Availability/Security

Billing

Publicimage

A public image is a standard, widelyused image. It contains an OS andpreinstalled public applications and isavailable to all users. Public images arehighly stable and officially authorized.

High Free

Marketplaceimage

The Marketplace is a store where youcan purchase third-party images thathave the OS, application environment,and software preinstalled. You can usethe images to deploy websites andapplication development environmentswith a few clicks. No additionalconfiguration is required.

Medium high Free/Charged

Privateimage

A private image contains an OS orservice data, preinstalled publicapplications, and private applications. Itis available only to the user whocreated it.

Medium Free

Sharedimage

A shared image is a private imageshared by another user and can beused as your own private image.

Low Free

You can choose an image as follows:

● If you only need an OS, select a public image.

● If you need a complete software environment, such as a Magento e-commerce system, choose a Marketplace image.

● If you want to clone an existing ECS, choose a private image.

● If you want to use an image shared by others, choose a shared image.

Image Fee

You may be charged for using an image. For details, see What Are the ChargingStandards of IMS?

OS

When selecting an OS, consider the following factors:

● Architecture types



SystemArchitecture

ApplicableMemory

Constraints

32-bit Smaller than 4GB

● If the instance memory is greaterthan 4 GB, the 32-bit OS cannot beused.

● A 32-bit OS allows addressing onlywithin a 4 GB memory range. An OSwith more than 4 GB memorycannot be accessed.

64-bit 4 GB or larger If your application requires more than 4GB memory or the memory may needto be expanded to more than 4 GB, usea 64-bit OS.

● OS types

OS Type Applicable Scenario Constraints

Windows ● Runs programs developed onWindows (forexample, .NET).

● Supports databases such asSQL Server. (You need toinstall the database.)

The system disk mustbe no less than 40 GB,and the memory mustbe no less than 1 GB.

Linux ● Runs high-performanceserver applications (forexample, Web) and supportscommon programminglanguages such as PHP andPython.

● Supports databases such asMySQL. (You need to installthe database.)

The system disk mustbe no less than 40 GB,and the memory mustbe no less than 512MB.

1.2 What Do I Do If I Cannot Find a Desired Image?HUAWEI CLOUD supports the following public images: Windows, CentOS, Debian,openSUSE, Fedora, Ubuntu, EulerOS, and CoreOS. You can view the OS type andversion on the Public Images page on the management console. If you cannotfind a desired image, perform the following operations:

● Download the image file from the official OS website and then create aprivate image from the image file. For details, see Creating a WindowsSystem Disk Image from an External Image File or Creating a LinuxSystem Disk Image from an External Image File. The external image filecan be in the VMDK, VHD, QCOW2, RAW, VHDX, QED, VDI, QCOW, ZVHD2, orZVHD format.







● If you already have an ISO file and the OS is supported by the cloud platform(for details, see Formats and OSs Supported for External Image Files), youcan use either of the following methods to create a private image:

a. Create a private image on the management console. For details, seeCreating a Windows System Disk Image from an ISO File or Creatinga Linux System Disk Image from an ISO File.

b. Use VirtualBox to create a private image. For details, see Creating aWindows Image Using VirtualBox and an ISO File or Creating a LinuxImage Using VirtualBox and an ISO File.

● If other tenant has the image, ask the tenant to share it with you. For detailsabout image sharing, see Sharing Specified Images.

● Find it in Marketplace.

If you fail to create a private image after the preceding operations, you areadvised to create a service ticket to contact HUAWEI CLOUD technical support.

1.3 What Do I Do If I Want to Set Up an OpenVPN orPyTorch Environment But No Public Image ContainingOpenVPN or PyTorch Is Available?

A public image does not contain applications such as OpenVPN and PyTorch. Youneed to manually set up the environment or install the applications from animage on the Marketplace.

1.4 How Do I Increase the Image Quota?

What Is Quota?Quotas are enforced for service resources on the platform to prevent unforeseenspikes in resource usage. Quotas can limit the number or amount of resourcesavailable to users, such as the maximum number of ECSs or EVS disks that can becreated.

If the existing resource quota cannot meet your service requirements, you canapply for a higher quota.

How Do I View My Quotas?1. Log in to the management console.

2. Click in the upper left corner and select the desired region and project.3. In the upper right corner of the page, choose Resources > My Quotas.

The Service Quota page is displayed.



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https://console-intl.huaweicloud.com/ticket/?locale=en-us#/ticketindex/createIndex

Figure 1-1 My Quotas

4. View the used and total quota of each type of resources on the displayedpage.If a quota cannot meet service requirements, apply for a higher quota.

How Do I Apply for a Higher Quota?1. Log in to the management console.2. In the upper right corner of the page, choose Resources > My Quotas.

The Service Quota page is displayed.

Figure 1-2 My Quotas

3. Click Increase Quota.4. On the Create Service Ticket page, configure parameters as required.

In Problem Description area, fill in the content and reason for adjustment.5. After all necessary parameters are configured, select I have read and agree

to the Tenant Authorization Letter and Privacy Statement and clickSubmit.

1.5 What Are the Differences Between Images andBackups?

CBR and Image Management Service (IMS) have some complementary functionsand can be used together in certain scenarios. Like CBR, IMS can also be used toback up ECSs.



Differences Between Backups and ImagesTable 1-2 lists the differences between them.

Table 1-2 Differences between backups and images

Item CBR IMS

Concept A backup contains the status,configuration, and data of acloud server or disk stored ata specific time point forrecovery in case of a fault. It isused to ensure data securityand improve availability.

An image provides allinformation required for startinga cloud server. It is used tocreate a cloud server and deploysoftware environments inbatches. A system disk imagecontains an OS and pre-installedapplication software for runningservices. A data disk imagecontains service data. A full-ECSimage contains both a systemdisk image and data diskimages.

Usagemethod

● Data storage location:Unlike server or disk data,backups are stored in OBS.Deleting a disk will notclear its backups.

● Operation object: A serveror disk can be backed up ata given point in time. CBRsupports automatic backupand automatic deletion byconfiguring backup policies.

● Usage: Backups can beused to restore data to theoriginal server or disk, or tocreate a new disk or full-ECS image.

● Support exporting to alocal PC: No

● Data storage location: Unlikeserver or disk data, backupsare stored in OBS. If a serveror disk that is created usingan image is deleted, theimage will not be cleared.

● Operation object: The systemdisk and data disks of aserver can be used to createprivate images. You can alsocreate private images usingexternal image files.

● Usage: System disk images orfull-ECS images can be usedto create new servers, anddata disk images can be usedto create new disks for servicemigration.

● Support exporting to a localPC: Yes However, full-ECSimages cannot be exported toa local PC.



Item CBR IMS

Applicationscenarios

CBR applies to the followingscenarios:● Data backup and

restoration● Rapid service deployment

and migration

IMS applies to the followingscenarios:● Server migration to the cloud

or between clouds● Deploying a specific software

environment● Deploying software

environments in batches● Backing up server operating

environments

Advantages Supports automatic backup.Data on a server or disk at acertain time point can beretained periodically orquantitatively. You can backup on-premises VMware VMs,synchronize the backups tothe cloud, and then use thebackups to restore data tonew ECSs.

Supports system disk backup.You can import the data diskimage of a local server or aserver provided by another cloudplatform to IMS and then usethe image to create an EVS disk.

NO TE

Although backups and images are stored in OBS, you cannot view backup and image datain OBS, because they do not occupy your resources. Backup fees are charged according toCBR's billing standard, and image storage fees are charged according to OBS's billingstandard.

Relationship Between Backups and Images1. You can use an ECS backup to create a full-ECS image.2. Before creating a full-ECS image for an ECS, you need to back up the target

ECS.3. A backup is compressed when it is used to create an image. Therefore, the

size of the generated image is smaller than that of the backup.

1.6 How Can I Back Up the Current Status of an ECS forRestoration in the Case of a System Fault?

You can back up the ECS in either of the following ways:

● (Recommended) Use CBR to create a scheduled backup task for the ECS.When the ECS is faulty, select the backup corresponding to the time point towhich the ECS is to be restored, create a full-ECS image from the backup, anduse the image to apply for a new ECS. Alternatively, you can change theimage of the faulty ECS.



● Create a system disk image from the ECS. When the ECS is faulty, use thesystem disk image to apply for a new ECS or change the image of the faultyECS.

● Create a snapshot for the system disk of the ECS. When the ECS is faulty, youcan roll it back from the snapshot.

1.7 Can I Use Private Images of Other Tenants?Yes.

Other tenants can share a private image with you. You can use it after acceptingit. For details about image sharing, see Sharing Specified Images.




2 Image Creation

2.1 Image Creation FAQs

How Many Private Images Can I Create Under an Account?At present, you can create a maximum of 50 private images under an accountwithin a region. To create more private images, submit a service ticket to increaseyour quota. For details, see How Do I Increase the Image Quota?.

Should I Stop the ECS Before Using It to Create a Private Image?No. You can create an image from a running ECS. However, if data is written tothe ECS during image creation, the data is not contained in the created image.

Where Can I View the Image Creation Progress? How Long Does It Take toCreate an Image?

Log in to the management console. Choose Computing > Image ManagementService and click the Private Images tab. View the image creation progress in theStatus column.

The image creation involves the installation of Xen and KVM drivers, OS kernelloading, and GRUB boot configuration, which may take a long time. In addition,the network speed, image file type, and disk size have an impact on the imagecreation duration.

Can I Select a Private Image Created Under a Subaccount When Creating anECS Under the Main Account?

Yes.

Private images created under a subaccount are visible to the main account and allthe other subaccounts (if any) under the main account.

● If the private image is a system disk image or full-ECS image, you can selectPrivate Image for Image when creating an ECS. Then, select this image fromthe drop-down list.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 2 Image Creation


● If the private image is a data disk image, select Create from image for SelectData Source when creating an EVS disk. Then, select this image in thedisplayed dialog box.

In addition, private images created under the main account are visible to all of itssubaccounts.

2.2 Full-ECS Image FAQs

What Is a Full-ECS Image?A full-ECS image contains the OS, applications, and service data of an ECS.Generally, a full-ECS image is used to migrate all data of an ECS. For example:

● Sharing an ECS with other tenants● Migrating an ECS from CN North-Beijing1 to CN South-Guangzhou● Migrating data from an old ECS to a new one

Why Do I Have to Select a Vault When Creating a Full-ECS Image? Do INeed to Pay for the Vault?

When creating a full-ECS image from a CBR backup, you must select a vault. Thevault functions as a storage container, in which images and backups are stored.You need to pay for the vault.

When creating a full-ECS image from a CSBS backup, the storage space of the full-ECS image is occupied. Vaults are not open to users.

Therefore, no matter which backup type you select, you need to pay for the vault.Selecting a vault does not mean that you need to pay extra fees for the vault.

Where Can I View the Data Disk Information of a Successfully Created Full-ECS Image?

After a full-ECS image is created, only the system disk information (DiskCapacity) is displayed in the image list and image details. You can view the datadisk information in CSBS or CBR. Whether to view the data disk details in CSBS orCBR depends on the type of backup from which the full-ECS image is created.

The following describes how to view the data disk details in CBR:

1. In the private image list, click the full-ECS image name.Image details are displayed.

2. Locate Source and click the backup ID following it.The CBR details page is displayed.



Figure 2-1 Image details

3. Click the Disk Backup tab. Details about the system disk and data disks aredisplayed.

Figure 2-2 Disk backup

What Are the Restrictions on Using a Full-ECS Image?● A full-ECS image cannot be published as a Marketplace image.● A full-ECS image cannot be exported. You are advised to create images for the

system disk and data disks separately and then export the images.● Only the full-ECS image created from a CBR backup is shareable with other

tenants.● Full-ECS images cannot be replicated within the same region.

2.3 How Can I Use a Backup to Create an EVS Disk orECS?

You can use CSBS backups to create ECSs and use VBS backups to create EVSdisks.

● CSBS backups cannot be directly used to create ECSs. You need to use abackup to create a private image and then use the private image to createECSs.For details about how to create a private image from a CSBS backup, seeCreating a Full-ECS Image from a CSBS Backup. For details about how tocreate ECSs from a private image, see Creating an ECS from an Image.

● VBS backups can be directly used to create EVS disks. For details, see Using aBackup to Create a Disk.





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2.4 Is There Any Difference Between the Image Createdfrom a CSBS/CBR Backup and That Created from anECS?

No.

You can create a full-ECS image from an ECS, a CSBS backup, or a CBR backup.

When you create a full-ECS image from an ECS, the system first creates a backupfor the ECS and then uses the backup to create an image. Therefore, the image isessentially created from an ECS backup no matter you use an ECS or a CSBS/CBRbackup.

2.5 Why Can't I Find an ISO Image When I Want to UseIt to Create an ECS or Change the OS of an ECS?

The ISO image created from an ISO file is used only for creating a temporary ECSand is unavailable on the ECS console. That is, you cannot use it to create ECSs orchange ECS OSs. You need to install an OS on the temporary ECS and use the ECSto create a system disk image which can be used to create ECSs or change ECSOSs. (The temporary ECS has limited functions and you are not advised to use itas a normal ECS.)

For details about how to create a private image using an ISO file, see:

● Creating a Windows System Disk Image from an ISO File● Creating a Linux System Disk Image from an ISO File

2.6 How Do I Create a Full-ECS Image Using an ECSThat Has a Spanned Volume?

An ECS used to create a Windows full-ECS image cannot have a spanned volume.Otherwise, data may be lost when the full-ECS image is used to create ECSs.

If the ECS has a spanned volume, back up the data in the spanned volume andthen delete this volume from the ECS. Use the ECS to create a full-ECS image. Usethe full-ECS image to create an ECS. Then, use the backup to create a spannedvolume if necessary.

NO TE

If a Linux ECS has a volume group or a logical volume consisting of multiple physicalvolumes, back up the data in the volume group or logical volume and delete the volumegroup or logical volume before creating a full-ECS image using this ECS. This prevents dataloss.





2.7 Why Is Sysprep Required for Creating a PrivateImage from a Windows ECS?

Why Is Sysprep Required?For a user that needs to be added to a domain and uses the domain account tolog in to Windows, the Sysprep operation is required before a private image iscreated. Otherwise, the image will contain information about the original ECS,especially the SID. ECSs with the same SID cannot be added to a domain. IfWindows does not require any user or ECS to be added to the domain, you do notneed to run Sysprep.

CA UTION

● Before running Sysprep, ensure that Windows is activated.● For details about Sysprep, visit https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-

versions/windows/it-pro/windows-vista/cc721940(v=ws.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN.

Restrictions on Running SysprepDue to OS limitations, Sysprep can only be used for configuring a new Windowsinstallation. You can run Sysprep multiple times to install and configure Windows.However, you can reset and activate a Windows OS only three times, and you arenot allowed to use Sysprep to re-configure an existing Windows OS.

NO TE

In the Windows command line, enter the following command to check how many timesyou can run Sysprep in the displayed Windows Script Host dialog box:slmgr /dlvIf the value of Remaining Windows rearm count is 0, you cannot run Sysprep.

2.8 What Do I Do If the ECS Created from a WindowsImage Fails to Start After Running Sysprep?

Symptom1. After Sysprep is executed, the following message is displayed when you start

the ECS.



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Figure 2-3 Message displayed

Then, the following information is displayed in the dialog box:Windows could not parse or process the unattend answer file for pass [specialize]. A component or setting specified in the answer file does not exist. The error was detected while processing settings for component [Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup].

2. Click OK. The following information is displayed in the dialog box:The computer accidentally restarts or encounters an error. Windows installation cannot continue. Click OK to restart the computer and restart the installation.

3. Open setupact.log in C:\Windows\Panther and check whether the logcontains the following information.

Figure 2-4 Viewing ECS logs

Solution1. Create an ECS from a public image. (You are advised to use a public image to

create another ECS because Sysprep can be executed only for certain times.)2. Create an Unattend.xml file or modify the Unattend.xml file provided by the

system.– If you create an Unattend.xml file, ensure that the created file is used

when you run Sysprep. For details about the file, visit:

▪ https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/update-windows-settings-and-scripts-create-your-own-answer-file-sxs

▪ https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/sysprep--system-preparation--overview

– If you modify the Unattend.xml file (in the C:\Program Files\CloudbaseSolutions\Cloudbase-Init\conf directory), delete the RunSynchronouspart from the file.

Figure 2-5 Deleting the RunSynchronous part



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3. Run Sysprep. For details, see Running Sysprep.

NO TICE

If you use the Unattend.xml file created by yourself, check the Unattend.xmlpath when running Sysprep to ensure that the newly created Unattend.xmlfile is used.

4. Create an image from the ECS where Sysprep has been executed.




3 Image Sharing

3.1 Image Sharing FAQs

How Many Tenants Can I Share an Image with at Most?A system disk image or data disk image can be shared with a maximum of 128tenants, and a full-ECS image can be shared with a maximum of 10 tenants.

How Many Shared Images Can I Obtain at Most?There is no limit.

Can I Share Images Between My Accounts of the China Site andInternational Site?

Yes. You can share images between your accounts of the China and internationalsites, but only in regions that are available at both sites. For example, you cannotshare images in the CN North-Beijing4 region of the China site with your accountof the international site which does not have this region.

Do Shared Images Affect My Private Image Quota?No.

I Shared an Image to an Account But the Account Did Not Accept or Rejectthe Image. Will My Image Sharing Quota Be Consumed?

No.

Where Can I View Images Shared with Me?Switch to the region where the shared image is located, choose Service List >Computing > Image Management Service > Images Shared with Me.

If the image is not accepted, a red dot is displayed on the Images Shared withMe tab page (as shown in Figure 3-1) and a message is displayed, asking you

Image Management ServiceFAQs 3 Image Sharing


whether to accept the shared image. After the image is accepted, it is displayed inlist on the Images Shared with Me tab page.

Figure 3-1 Images Shared with Me

If I Want to Share a System Disk Image to Another Account, Should theAccount Purchase an ECS in Advance?

No. The account can use the shared image to apply for ECSs.

Is There Any Restriction on the Region When I Create ECSs Using a SharedImage?

Yes. You can only create ECSs in the same region as the shared image.

Can I Share Accepted Shared Images with Other Tenants?

You cannot directly share such images with other tenants. If you do need to do so,you can replicate the shared images to private images and share the privateimages.

Can I Use an Image I Have Shared with Others to Create an ECS?

Yes. After sharing an image with other tenants, you can still use the image tocreate an ECS and use the created ECS to create a private image.

What Are the Risks of Creating ECSs Using a Shared Image?

The image owner can view, stop sharing, or delete the image at any time. Afterthe shared image is deleted, you will be unable to reinstall the OSs of the ECSscreated from the shared image or create ECSs with the same configurations usingthe shared image.

HUAWEI CLOUD does not ensure the integrity and security of the images sharedby other accounts. To prevent risks, you are advised to choose images shared bytrusted accounts.

What Are the Risks of Sharing Images with Other Tenants?

Data, files, and software may be disclosed. Before sharing images, you must deletesensitive data and important files. The image recipient can use the shared imageto create ECSs and use the created ECSs to create private images. If the createdprivate images are shared with other tenants, data is disclosed in a wider range.



How Do I Share an Image with an IAM User?In the Share Image dialog box, add the account name of the IAM user. For details,see Sharing Specified Images. After the image is shared, log in to the IAMmanagement console and choose Image Management Service > Images Sharedwith Me to view the shared image to be accepted. That is, after an image isshared with an IAM account, all IAM users under the account can receive theshared image.

How Do I Replicate an Image Between Projects in a Region?Cross-region image replication allows you to replicate images between regions.Image sharing allows you to replicate images between projects in the sameregion.

In the Share Image dialog box, enter your account name, select the target project,and click Add, as instructed in Sharing Specified Images. After the image isshared, switch to the target project. On the Image Management Service >Images Shared with Me page, you can view the shared image to be accepted.

Can I Specify a Region or an AZ for Sharing an Image?No. When sharing an image, you can specify only an account name and cannotspecify a region or an AZ. That is, an image can be shared only in the same region.In addition, an image can be used in any AZ in a region.

How Can I Use a Rejected Image?If you have rejected an image shared by another tenant, but now want to use it,two methods are available:

● Method 1Ask the image owner to add you to the tenants the image is shared with. Fordetails, see Adding Tenants Who Can Use Shared Images.

● Method 2Accept the rejected image again. For details, see Accepting Rejected Images.

3.2 How Do I Share a Full-ECS Image Created from aCSBS Backup with Other Tenants?

ScenariosOnly full-ECS images created from CBR backups can be shared. To share a full-ECSimage created from a CSBS backup, you must migrate the CSBS backup to the CBRservice. This section describes the migration process.

Procedure1. Log in to the management console.2. Under Storage, click Cloud Backup and Recovery.

The CBR console is displayed.





http://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/usermanual-ims/ims_01_0311.html

http://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/usermanual-ims/ims_01_0309.html

3. In the upper right corner, click Migrate to CBR. The window shown in Figure3-2 is displayed.

Figure 3-2 Notice

4. Click Yes and wait until the backup data is successfully migrated.

After the migration is successful, the full-ECS image created from the CSBS backupcan be shared with other tenants. Select the full-ECS image and click Share.

3.3 What Do I Do If the Share Option Is Unavailable forMy Image?

Some images cannot be shared. Therefore, the Share option is not provided forthem in the Operation column. The following images cannot be shared:

● Marketplace image● Encrypted image● Full-ECS image created from a CSBS backup



4 OS

4.1 How Do I Select an OS?● Windows

Used for development platforms or operating services that run Windows.The system disk must be no less than 40 GB, and the memory must be no lessthan 1 GB.Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL Server can be installed.

● LinuxUsed for development platforms or operating services that run Linux. CentOSand Ubuntu are provided. CentOS is recommended.The system disk must be no less than 40 GB, and the memory must be no lessthan 512 MB.

● OS with greater than 4 GB memoryBecause 32-bit OSs allow addressing only within a 4 GB memory range, if therequired memory capacity is 4 GB or larger, select a 64-bit OS.

4.2 How Is BIOS Different from UEFI?

Table 4-1 Differences between the UEFI and BIOS boot modes

BootMode

Description Highlight

BIOS Basic Input Output System(BIOS) stores important basicinput/output programs of ECSs,system settings, self-testprograms upon system startup,and automatic startup programs.

Provides basic settings and controlfor ECSs.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 4 OS


BootMode

Description Highlight

UEFI UEFI, an acronym for UnifiedExtensible Firmware Interface, isa specification that defines asoftware interface between anOS and platform firmware. UEFIcan be used to automaticallyload an OS from a pre-bootoperating environment.

Shortens the OS startup time andthe time that the OS needs torecover from the sleep state.

4.3 How Do I Delete Redundant Network Connectionsto a Windows ECS?

Method 11. Press Win+R. In the displayed dialog box, enter regedit and press Enter to

open the registry editor.2. Open the following registry key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkList\ProfilesProfiles may contain multiplesubitems, and the subitem names contain digits and letters. Click eachsubitem in sequence and query the Data column of ProfileName in the rightpane.

3. Double-click ProfileName and set Value Data to the name of the network tobe changed.

4. Restart the ECS for the modification to take effect.

Method 21. Press Win+R. In the displayed dialog box, enter regedit and press Enter to

open the registry editor.2. Open the following registry keys:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkList\ProfilesHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\NetworkList\Signatures\Unmanaged

3. Delete the directories shown in the following figure:



Figure 4-1 Registry directory

4.4 What Do I Do If an ECS Starts Slowly?

Symptom

If an ECS starts slowly, you can change the default timeout duration to speed upthe startup.

Solution1. Log in to the ECS.2. Run the following command to switch to user root:

sudo su3. Run the following command to query the version of the GRUB file:

rpm -qa | grep grub

Figure 4-2 Querying the GRUB file version

4. Set timeout in the GRUB file to 0.– If the GRUB file version is earlier than 2:

Open /boot/grub/grub.cfg or /boot/grub/menu.lst and set timeout to0.

– If the GRUB file version is 2:Open /boot/grub2/grub.cfg and set the value of timeout to 0.



Figure 4-3 Modifying the timeout duration

4.5 What Do I Do If the One-Click Password ResettingPlug-In Failed to Start?

Scenarios

If the plug-in failed to start after it has been installed, you need to add thefollowing content to the rc file:

/CloudrResetPwdAgent/bin/cloudResetPwdAgent.script start/CloudResetPwdUpdateAgent/bin/cloudResetPwdUpdateAgent.script start

NO TE

● If exit 0 is displayed at the end of the file, add the preceding content to the line justbefore exit 0: If exit 0 is not displayed, add the preceding content at the end of the file.

● ECSs created using a SUSE 11 SP4 image must have 4 GB or a larger memory.

Procedure● For a CoreOS, run the following commands to start the plug-in:

cat >/etc/systemd/system/cloudResetPwdAgent.service <<EOT[Unit]Description=cloudResetPwdAgent serviceWants=local-fs.targetRequires=local-fs.target[Service]Type=simpleExecStart=/CloudrResetPwdAgent/bin/cloudResetPwdAgent.script startRemainAfterExit=yesExecStop=/CloudrResetPwdAgent/bin/cloudResetPwdAgent.script stopKillMode=none[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOTsystemctl enable cloudResetPwdAgent.servicecat >/etc/systemd/system/cloudResetPwdUpdateAgent.service <<EOT[Unit]Description=cloudResetPwdUpdateAgent serviceWants=local-fs.targetRequires=local-fs.target[Service]Type=simpleExecStart=/CloudResetPwdUpdateAgent/bin/cloudResetPwdUpdateAgent.script startRemainAfterExit=yesExecStop=/CloudResetPwdUpdateAgent/bin/cloudResetPwdUpdateAgent.script stopKillMode=none[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOTsystemctl enable cloudResetPwdUpdateAgent.service

● SUSE, Ubuntu, and Debian



a. Run the following command to open the rc file:vi /etc/init.d/rc

b. Press i to enter editing mode and add the following content at the end ofthe file:/CloudrResetPwdAgent/bin/cloudResetPwdAgent.script start/CloudResetPwdUpdateAgent/bin/cloudResetPwdUpdateAgent.script start

c. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter to save the configuration and exit.● CentOS Linux 7

a. Run the following commands to open the rc.local file:chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.localvi /etc/rc.d/rc.local


c. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter to save the configuration and exit.● openSUSE 13

a. Run the following command to open the boot.local file:vi /etc/init.d/boot.local


c. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter to save the configuration and exit.● Debian 8

a. Run the following commands to open the rc.local file:vi /etc/rc.local


c. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter to save the configuration and exit.● Fedora 20

a. Run the following commands to open the rc.local file:touch /etc/rc.d/rc.localchmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.localvi /etc/rc.d/rc.local


c. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter to save the configuration and exit.● Other OSs

a. Run the following command to open the rc.local file:vi /etc/rc.d/rc




c. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter to save the configuration and exit.

4.6 Why Can't I Find My Private Image When I Want toUse It to Create an ECS or Change the OS of an ECS?

When I create an ECS or change the OS of an ECS, some of my private images areinvisible to me. The possible cause is that the x86 and ARM architectures areincompatible with each other, or the UEFI and BIOS boot modes are incompatiblewith each other. The details are as follows:

● If a private image is created from a x86 ECS, this image will be invisible to youwhen you create an ARM (Kunpeng) ECS or change the OS of an ARM(Kunpeng) ECS. Similarly, a private image created from an ARM (Kunpeng)ECS will be invisible to you when you create a x86 server or change the OS ofa x86 server.

● If you use an external image file to create a private image and select the x86architecture, this image will be invisible to you when you create an ARM(Kunpeng) ECS or change the OS of an ARM (Kunpeng) ECS. Similarly, if youselect the ARM architecture, this image will be invisible to you when youcreate a x86 ECS or change the OS of a x86 ECS.

● If a private image is created from an ECS in BIOS boot mode, this image willbe invisible to you when you create an ECS in UEFI boot mode or change theOS of an ECS in UEFI boot mode. Similarly, a private image created from anECS in UEFI boot mode will be invisible to you when you create an ECS inBIOS boot mode or change the OS of an ECS in BIOS boot mode.

● If you use an external image file to create a private image and select the BIOSboot mode, this image will be invisible to you when you create an ECS in UEFIboot mode or change the OS of an ECS in UEFI boot mode. Similarly, if youselect the UEFI boot mode, the image will be invisible to you when you createan ECS in BIOS boot mode or change the OS of an ECS in BIOS boot mode.



5 Image Importing

5.1 Can I Use Images in Formats Other Than ThoseSpecified in This Document?

No. Currently, only the VMDK, VHD, RAW, QCOW2, VHDX, QED, VDI, QCOW,ZVHD2, ISO, and ZVHD formats are supported.

Images of the -flat.vmdk format and image file packages containing snapshotvolumes or delta volumes are not supported. You can use qemu-img to convertthe format of an image into a supported one before uploading it to the cloudplatform.

NO TE

For details about image file format conversion, see Converting the Image Format Usingqemu-img.

5.2 What Are the Impacts If I Do Not Pre-configure anECS Used to Create a Private Image?

Before using an ECS or external image file to create a private image, you need topre-configure the VM where the ECS or image file is located. If you do notperform the pre-configuration, there will be the following impacts:

1. If you do not set the IP address obtaining mode to DHCP for the ECS NICs ordo not delete residual udev rules, ECSs created from the registered privateimage retain the configuration of the source image file, or the ECS NICs donot start from eth0. In this case, you need to remotely log in to the ECS toconfigure it.

2. If you do not configure the image used to create a Linux ECS, the followingissues may occur during the ECS creation:– Customized passwords cannot be injected.– Certificates cannot be injected.– Other customized configurations cannot be implemented on the ECS.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 5 Image Importing




3. If you do not delete the automatic attaching detection information of userdisks from the fstab file, the ECSs created from the private image may fail tostart.

5.3 How Do I Import an OVF or OVA File to the CloudPlatform?

Scenarios

Open Virtualization Appliance (OVA) is a single file (with the .ova extension) thatarchives all the files making up an Open Virtualization Format (OVF). OVF is afolder that contains the files required for defining and deploying VMs. An OVFfolder always includes the .ovf, .mf, and .vmdk files.

● An .ovf file is an XML descriptor that defines metadata of a VM, such as thename and hardware requirements, and contains reference information aboutother files in the OVF folder.

● An .mf file contains the SHA hash codes of all the files in the folder and isused to prevent the image file from being tampered with.

● A .vmdk file is a virtual disk file that is used to create a disk image. An OVFfolder can contain multiple .vmdk files.

This section describes how to import OVF and OVA files to the cloud platform.

Procedure

Manually extract VMDK files from an OVF or OVA template and upload them toan OBS bucket. Then, you can select one from the bucket when you use anexternal file to create a system or data disk image.

NO TE

The following assumes that the OVF or OVA template contains only one VMDK file. If thereare multiple VMDK files (for example, there are three VMDK files, one used as a systemdisk image file and the others as data disk image files), upload them to an OBS bucket andregister them as the system disk image and data disk images, respectively.

● The VM runs the Windows OS.

– If you choose to export an OVF template and save it to the OvfLib folderin drive C, the template name is MyVm. After the export is complete, thegenerated folder content is as follows (the VMDK file can be uploaded tothe cloud platform):├C│ ├OvfLib│ ├MyVm│ ├MyVm.ovf│ ├MyVm.mf│ ├MyVm-disk1.vmdk

– If you choose to export an OVA template and define the template nameas MyVm, the C:\MyVm.ova file will be generated. The VMDK fileobtained after decompression can be uploaded to the cloud platform.



NO TE

You can import an image file in the VHD, VMDK, QCOW2, RAW, VHDX, QCOW,VDI, QED, ZVHD, or ZVHD2 format to create a private image.

For details, see Creating a Windows System Disk Image from an ExternalImage File or Creating a Data Disk Image from an External Image File.

● The VM runs the Linux OS.– If you choose to export an OVF template, upload the VMDK file

generated in the folder to the cloud platform.– If you choose to export an OVA template and define the template name

as MyVm, perform the following operations:

i. Run the following command to view the OVA file:file MyVm.ovaThe command output is as follows:MyVm.ova: POSIX tar archive (GNU)

The command output contains the following two files:$tar tf MyVm.ovaMyVm.ovfMyVm.vmdk

ii. Run the following command to decompress the OVA package:tar xvf MyVm.ovaThe extracted folder contains the following files:MyVm.ovfMyVm.vmdk

The image file in the VMDK format can be uploaded to the cloudplatform.

NO TE

You can import an image file in the VHD, VMDK, QCOW2, RAW, VHDX,QCOW, VDI, QED, ZVHD, or ZVHD2 format to create a private image.

For details, see Creating a Linux System Disk Image from an ExternalImage File or Creating a Data Disk Image from an External Image File.

5.4 What Do I Do If I Configure an Incorrect OS orSystem Disk Size During Private Image RegistrationUsing an Image File?

If you select an incorrect OS, ECSs may fail to be created from the private image.If the configured system disk size is less than the system disk size in the imagefile, the image will fail to be created.

In such cases, delete the incorrect image and create a private image again usingthe correct parameter settings.









5.5 Why Does the Error Message Displayed on TaskCenter Indicates That the System Disk Size of theExternal Image File Exceeds the Maximum System DiskSize When a VHD Image File Failed to Be Uploaded?

If you fail to register an external image file as a private image and the errormessage displayed on Task Center indicates that the system disk size of theexternal image file exceeds the maximum system disk size you have configured,possible causes include:

1. The system disk size you have configured is less than the system disk size ofthe VM on the original platform. Confirm the system disk size of the imagefile and register it again.

2. The VHD image file is generated using qemu-img or similar tools and thevirtual size of the VHD image is inconsistent with that of the original VM. Fordetails, see https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1490611.In this case, run the qemu-img info command.[xxxx@xxxxx test]$ qemu-img info 2g.vhdimage: 2g.vhdfile format: vpcvirtual size: 2.0G (2147991552 bytes)disk size: 8.0Kcluster_size: 2097152

Check whether the virtual size value is an integer in GB. As shown in thepreceding command output, 2147991552 bytes (2.0004 G) is larger than 2 G.Therefore, you need to configure a value larger than 2 GB for the system disksize.



https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1490611

6 Image Exporting

6.1 Can I Download My Private Images to a Local PC?Yes. You can download private images in VMDK, VHD, QCOW2, or ZVHD formatas instructed in Exporting Images.

6.2 Can I Install the Exported System Disk Image of anECS on a Physical Server?

No. The system disk image of an ECS is a VM file that contains a system runningenvironment and does not have an installation boot program. Therefore, theimage cannot be directly installed on a physical server.

6.3 Why Is the Image Size in an OBS Bucket Differentfrom That Displayed in IMS?

SymptomAfter a private image is exported to an OBS bucket, the image size in the bucket isdifferent from that displayed in IMS. For example, the size of a private image is1.04 GB on the IMS console. After it is exported to an OBS bucket, the size isdisplayed as 2.91 GB.

Figure 6-1 Example

Image Management ServiceFAQs 6 Image Exporting



Cause AnalysisThe size of an image in an OBS bucket varies depending on the storage format ofthe image file in the bucket.

6.4 Can I Download a Public Image Provided byHUAWEI CLOUD to My Local PC?

Currently, you cannot directly download a public image provided by HUAWEICLOUD. You can use the public image to create an ECS, use the ECS to create aprivate image, export the private image to your OBS bucket, and download theprivate image to your local PC.

Helpful links are as follows:

● Creating a System Disk Image from a Windows ECS or Creating a SystemDisk Image from a Linux ECS

● Exporting Images

NO TE

Windows and SUSE Linux public images and the private images created from these publicimages cannot be exported.

6.5 Comparison Between Import and Fast Import, andBetween Export and Fast Export

Item Description Related Operation

Import Import an external image file toHUAWEI CLOUD for creating a privateimage.External image files in the followingformats can be imported: VMDK, VHD,QCOW2, RAW, VHDX, QED, VDI, QCOW,ZVHD2, and ZVHD.The maximum file size is 128 GB.During the import, optimizationoperations such as driver injection areperformed in the background.Therefore, the import takes a longertime than fast import.

● Creating a WindowsSystem Disk Imagefrom an ExternalImage File

● Creating a LinuxSystem Disk Imagefrom an ExternalImage File

● Creating a Data DiskImage from anExternal Image File


















Item Description Related Operation

Fastimport

When importing an external image filein the RAW or ZVHD2 format toHUAWEI CLOUD, you can select EnableFast Create, as shown in Figure 6-2. Inthis case, the system does not performoptimization operations such as driverinjection. Verify that:● The image file converted to the RAW

format has been optimized asrequired and a bitmap file has beengenerated for it.

● The image file converted to theZVHD2 format has been optimizedas required.

The maximum file size is 1 TB.

Quickly Importing anImage File

Export You can export private images fromHUAWEI CLOUD to OBS buckets anddownload them to your local PC forfurther use on other cloud platforms.The image file size must be less than128 GB.You can specify the format of theexported image file. Currently, onlyQCOW2, VMDK, VHD, and ZVHD aresupported.

Exporting Images

Fastexport

On the Export Image page, selectEnable following Fast Export, as shownin Figure 6-3. In this case, you cannotspecify the export format. You can usethe image conversion tool to convertthe exported image to the requiredformat.The image file size is not limited.Encrypted images cannot be exportedthrough fast export.

Exporting Images







Figure 6-2 Fast import

Figure 6-3 Fast export



6.6 What Do I Do If the Export Option Is Unavailablefor My Image?

Some images cannot be exported. Therefore, the Export option is not provided forthem in the Operation column. The following images cannot be exported:

● Public image● Full-ECS image● ISO image● Private image created from a Windows or SUSE public image● Private image created from a Marketplace image



7 Image Optimization

7.1 Why Do I Need to Install and Update VMTools forWindows?

Why Do I Need to Install VMTools?

VMTools is a VirtIO driver (para-virtualization driver) that provides high-performance disks and NICs for ECSs.

● A standard Windows OS does not have the VirtIO driver.

● Public images provided on the platform have VMTools by default.

● You need to install VMTools for private images. For details, see Installing UVPVMTools.

Why Do I Need to Update VMTools?

The platform periodically synchronizes issue-fixed versions from the virtiocommunity and releases updated versions every month. This ensures that knownissues found in the community or R&D tests can be avoided on the latest driver.

When Do I Need to Update VMTools?● If a major error is fixed, you are advised to update VMTools immediately. (This

has not happened by now.) If other issues are fixed, choose whether toupdate VMTools based on your needs.

● The platform updates the VMTools stored in the OBS bucket on a regularbasis to ensure that the VMTools you download when creating private imagesis the latest version.

● Public images on the platform are updated on a regular basis to ensure thatthe latest version of VMTools is installed.

● The document is updated on a regular basis in accordance with VMTools inthe OBS bucket to ensure that the download link of VMTools provided in thedocument is the latest.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 7 Image Optimization




What Operations Do I Need to Perform?● Update Windows private images or drivers in running Windows ECSs as

prompted.● If you have any technical issue or question, contact the customer service.

7.2 What Changes Will Be Made to an Image File Usedfor Registering a Private Image?

If you enable automatic configuration when registering a private image using animage file, the system will perform the following operations:

Linux● Check whether drivers related to the PV driver exist. If yes, delete them.● Modify the grub and syslinux configuration files to add the OS kernel boot

parameters and change the disk partition name (UUID=UUID of the diskpartition).

● Change the names of the disk partitions in the /etc/fstab file (UUID=UUID ofthe disk partition).

● Check whether the initrd file has the Xen and IDE drivers. If no, load the Xenand IDE drivers.

● Modify X Window configuration file /etc/X11/xorg.conf to prevent displayfailures.

● Delete services of VMware tools.● Record the latest automatic modification made to the image into /var/log/

rainbow_modification_record.log.● Linux OSs automatically copy the built-in VirtIO driver to initrd or initramfs.

For details, see Formats and OSs Supported for External Image Files.

NO TE

For image files in the following scenarios, this function does not take effect after Enableautomatic configuration is selected:● Image files whose /usr directory is an independent partition● Fedora 29 64-bit, Fedora 30 64-bit, and CentOS 8.0 64-bit image files that use the XFS

file system● Image files that use SUSE 12 SP4 64bit and the ext4 file system

Windows● Restore the IDE driver to enable the system to use the IDE driver for its initial

start.● Delete the registry keys of the mouse and keyboard and generate the registry

keys on the new platform to ensure that the mouse and keyboard areavailable.

● Restore the PV driver registry key to rectify driver installation failures and Xendriver conflicts.

● Inject the VirtIO driver offline to solve the problem that the system cannotstart when UVP VMTools is not installed.



https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/productdesc-ims/en-us_topic_0030713143.html

● Restore DHCP. The system dynamically obtains information such as the IPaddress based on the DHCP protocol.

7.3 What Initial Configuration Needs to Be Performedon the ECS, BMS, or Image File Before It Is Used toCreate an Image?

ECS or Image File Configurations

Table 7-1 ECS configurations

OS Configuration Item Reference

Windows ● Setting the NIC to DHCP● Enabling remote desktop

connection● Installing the one-click

password reset plug-in● (Optional) Installing

Cloudbase-Init● Installing the Guest OS drivers,

including the PV driver and UVPVMTools

● Running Sysprep

Creating a System DiskImage from a Windows ECS

Linux ● Setting the NIC to DHCP● Installing the one-click

password reset plug-in● (Optional) Installing Cloud-Init● Deleting files in the network

rule directory● Changing the disk identifier in

the GRUB configuration file toUUID

● Changing the disk identifier inthe fstab file to UUID

● Installing native Xen and KVMdrivers

● Detaching data disks from theECS

Creating a System DiskImage from a Linux ECS







Table 7-2 Image file configurations


Windows ● Setting the NIC to DHCP● Enabling remote desktop

connection● Installing the Guest OS drivers,

including the PV driver andUVP VMTools

● (Optional) InstallingCloudbase-Init

● (Optional) Enabling NIC multi-queue

● (Optional) Configuring an IPv6address

Preparing an Image File(Windows)

Linux ● Deleting files in the networkrule directory

● Setting the NIC to DHCP● Installing native Xen and KVM

drivers● Changing the disk identifier in

the GRUB configuration file toUUID

● Changing the disk identifier inthe fstab file to UUID

● Deleting the automaticattachment information ofnon-system disks fromthe /etc/fstab file

● (Optional) Installing Cloud-Init● (Optional) Enabling NIC multi-

queue● (Optional) Configuring an IPv6

address

Preparing an Image File(Linux)

NO TE

● When registering an external image file as a private image, you are advised to performthe preceding operations on the VM where the external image file is located.

● When registering a Windows external image file as a private image, if the Guest OSdrivers are installed, the cloud platform will check the image file after you select Enableautomatic configuration. If the GuestOS drivers are not installed, the cloud platformwill try to install them.







BMS or Image File Configurations

Table 7-3 BMS configurations


Windows ● Installing the bms-network-config software package

● Installing Cloudbase-Init● Deleting residual files in the OS

Creating a Private Imagefrom a BMS

Linux ● Installing the bms-network-config software package

● Installing Cloud-Init● Deleting residual files in the OS

Creating a Private Imagefrom a BMS

Table 7-4 Image file configurations


Windows ● Installing the V5 server driver● Installing Cloudbase-Init● Installing the bms-network-

config software package● (Optional) Installing the SDI

iNIC driver● (Optional) Installing the One-

Click Password Reset Plug-in● Setting the Windows time zone● Setting the virtual memory● (Optional) Configuring

automatic Windows update● Configuring the SID

Private Image CreationGuide



https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/usermanual-bms/bms_01_0026.html




https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/bpicg-bms/en-us_topic_0081116754.html



Linux ● Installing and configuringCloud-Init.

● Modifying the hardware devicedriver that boots the OS

● Installing the bms-network-config software package

● (Optional) Installing the SDIiNIC driver

● (Optional) Installing theHi1822 NIC driver

● (Optional) Installing the IBdriver

● (Optional) Installing the V5server driver

● (Optional) Installing theUltraPath software

● (Optional) Installing the one-click password reset plug-in

● Performing securityconfiguration

● Configuring remote login to theBMS

● Configuring automatic rootpartition expansion

Private Image CreationGuide

7.4 What Do I Do If the Initial Configurations of aWindows External Image File Are Not CompletedBefore the File Is Exported?

The ECS where the external image file is located is not configured as instructed inWindows image file requirements before the image file is exported. You areadvised to follow the process in Figure 7-1 to configure the ECS.





https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/usermanual-ims/ims_01_0204.html#table85212269215

CA UTION

The proper running of ECSs depends on the XEN Guest OS driver (PV driver) andKVM Guest OS driver (UVP VMTools). If the drivers are not installed, theperformance of ECSs will be affected and some functions will be unavailable.Ensure that the two drivers have been installed for the image file before it isexported from the original platform. Otherwise, the ECSs created from the imagewill fail to start and cannot be configured.● Install the PV driver. For details, see Installing the PV Driver.● Install UVP VMTools. For details, see Installing UVP VMTools.

Figure 7-1 Image creation process

Step 1: Upload the Image File

Upload the external image file to the OBS bucket. For details, see Uploading anExternal Image File (Windows).

Step 2 Register the External Image File as a Private Image

On the management console, select the uploaded image file and register it as anuninitialized private image. For details, see Registering an External Image File asa Private Image (Windows).

Step 3: Create an ECS1. Log in to the management console.2. Under Computing, click Image Management Service.

The IMS console is displayed.









3. Click the Private Images tab to display the image list.4. Locate the row that contains the uninitialized private image and click Apply

for Server in the Operation column.5. Set parameters as promoted to create the ECS. Pay attention to the following:

– You are advised to select Pay-per-use for Billing Mode because the ECSwill be deleted when you finish with it.

– Bind an EIP to the ECS so that you can upload installation packages tothe ECS or download installation packages from the ECS.

– You must add inbound rules for security groups of the ECS to ensure thatthe ECS can be accessed.

– If the image file has Cloudbase-Init installed and configured, set apassword and log in to the ECS using the password as prompted. IfCloudbase-Init is not installed, use the password or certificate containedin the image file to log in the ECS.

For details, see Purchasing an ECS.6. Perform the following steps to check whether the private image is available:

a. Check whether the ECS can be successfully started. If the start succeeds,the Guest OS drivers have been installed for the external image file onthe original platform or the drivers have been automatically installed forthe private image on the cloud platform. If the start failed, install theGuest OS drivers for the image file and register it as a private imageagain.

b. Check whether you can log in to the ECS using your configured passwordor key. If yes, Cloudbase-Init has been installed. If no, use the password orkey contained in the image file to log in to the ECS and install Cloudbase-Init as instructed in Installing and Configuring Cloudbase-Init.

c. Check whether the NICs are set to DHCP by referring to 2 in Step 4:Configure the ECS.

d. Use MSTSC to log in to the ECS. If the login is successful, remote desktopconnection is enabled on the ECS. If the login fails, enable remotedesktop connection by referring to 3 in Step 4: Configure the ECS.

If the ECS meets the preceding requirements, the private image is available.You can clear the environment as instructed in (Optional) Clear theEnvironment.

Step 4: Configure the ECS

Remotely log in to the ECS created in Step 3: Create an ECS to configure thenetwork and install software.

1. Log in to the ECS.2. Check whether the NICs are set to DHCP. If the ECS is configured with a static

IP address, change its IP address assignment mode to DHCP as instructed inSetting the NIC to DHCP.

3. Enable remote desktop connection for the ECS as needed. For details abouthow to enable this function, see Enabling Remote Desktop Connection.

4. (Optional) Configure value-added functions.



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– Install and configure Cloudbase-Init. For details, see Installing andConfiguring Cloudbase-Init.

– Enable NIC multi-queue. For details, see How Do I Set NIC Multi-Queuefor an Image?

– Configure an IPv6 address. For details, see How Do I Configure an ECSto Dynamically Acquire IPv6 Addresses?

Step 5: Create an Image from the ECSCreate a private image from the ECS. For details, see Creating a System DiskImage from a Windows ECS.

(Optional) Clear the EnvironmentIn the preceding steps, storage fees are charged for the uninitialized image file,and extra fees are charged for the created ECS. Therefore, you are advised to clearthe environment after the image is registered.

● Delete the uninitialized image registered in Step 2 Register the ExternalImage File as a Private Image.

● Delete the ECS created in Step 3: Create an ECS.● Delete the image files stored in the OBS bucket.

7.5 What Do I Do If the Initial Configurations of aLinux External Image File Are Not Completed Beforethe File Is Exported?

The ECS where the external image file is located is not configured as instructed inLinux image file requirements before the image file is exported. You are advisedto follow the process in Figure 7-2 to configure the ECS.

CA UTION

The proper running of ECSs depends on the XEN and KVM drivers. If the driversare not installed, the performance of ECSs will be affected and some functions willbe unavailable. Ensure that the two drivers have been installed for the image filebefore it is exported from the original platform. Otherwise, the ECSs created fromthe image will fail to start and cannot be configured.For details, see Installing Native Xen and KVM Drivers.







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Figure 7-2 Image creation process

Step 1: Upload the Image File

Upload the external image file to the OBS bucket. For details, see Uploading anExternal Image File (Linux).

Step 2 Register the External Image File as a Private Image

On the management console, select the uploaded image file and register it as anuninitialized private image. For details, see Registering an External Image File asa Private Image (Linux).

Step 3: Create an ECS

Create an ECS from the uninitialized private image.

1. Log in to the management console.

2. Under Computing, click Image Management Service.

The IMS console is displayed.

3. Click the Private Images tab to display the image list.

4. Locate the row that contains the uninitialized private image and click Applyfor Server in the Operation column.

5. Set parameters as promoted to create the ECS. Pay attention to the following:

– You are advised to select Pay-per-use for Billing Mode because the ECSwill be deleted when you finish with it.

– You must add inbound rules for security groups of the ECS to ensure thatthe ECS can be accessed.







– If Cloud-Init has been installed in the image file, set a login password asprompted. If Cloud-Init is not installed, use the password or certificatecontained in the image file to log in.

For details, see Purchasing an ECS.6. Perform the following steps to check whether the private image is available:

a. Check whether the ECS can be successfully started. If the start succeeds,the XEN and KVM drivers have been installed for the external image fileon the original platform or the drivers have been automatically installedfor the private image on the cloud platform. If the start failed, install theXEN and KVM drivers for the image file and register it as a private imageagain.

b. Check whether you can log in to the ECS using your configured passwordor key. If yes, Cloud-Init has been installed. If no, use the password or keycontained in the image file to log in to the ECS and install Cloud-Init asinstructed in Installing Cloud-Init.

c. Check the network configuration by referring to Step 4: Configure theECS.

If the ECS meets the preceding requirements, the private image is available.You can clear the environment as instructed in (Optional) Clear theEnvironment.

Step 4: Configure the ECS

Remotely log in to the ECS created in Step 3: Create an ECS to configure thenetwork and install software.

1. Log in to the ECS.2. Configuring the network.

– Run the ifconfig command to check whether the private IP address ofthe ECS is the same as that displayed on the console. If they areinconsistent, delete files in the network rule directory as instructed inDeleting Files in the Network Rule Directory.

– Check whether the NICs are set to DHCP. If the ECS is configured with astatic IP address, change its IP address assignment mode to DHCP asinstructed in Setting the NIC to DHCP.

– Run the service sshd status command to check whether SSH is enabled.If it is disabled, run the service sshd start command to enable it. Ensurethat your firewall (for example, Linux iptables) allows SSH access.

3. Configure a file system.– Change the disk identifier in the GRUB configuration file to UUID. For

details, see Changing the Disk Identifier in the GRUB ConfigurationFile to UUID.

– Change the disk identifier in the fstab file to UUID. For details, seeChanging the Disk Identifier in the fstab File to UUID.

– Clear the automatic attachment information of non-system disks inthe /etc/fstab file to prevent impacts on subsequent data diskattachment. For details, see Detaching Data Disks from an ECS.

4. (Optional) Configure value-added functions.











– Install and configure Cloud-Init. For details, see Installing Cloud-Init andConfiguring Cloud-Init.

– Enable NIC multi-queue. For details, see How Do I Set NIC Multi-Queuefor an Image?

– Configure an IPv6 address. For details, see How Do I Configure an ECSto Dynamically Acquire IPv6 Addresses?

Step 5: Create an Image from the ECSCreate a private image from the ECS. For details, see Creating a System DiskImage from a Linux ECS.

(Optional) Clear the EnvironmentIn the preceding steps, storage fees are charged for the uninitialized image file,and extra fees are charged for the created ECS. Therefore, you are advised to clearthe environment after the image is registered.

● Delete the uninitialized image registered in Step 2 Register the ExternalImage File as a Private Image.

● Delete the ECS created in Step 3: Create an ECS.● Delete the image files stored in the OBS bucket.

7.6 How Do I Set NIC Multi-Queue for an Image?

ScenariosWith the increase of network I/O bandwidth, a single vCPU cannot meet therequirement of processing NIC interruptions. NIC multi-queue enables multiplevCPUs to process NIC interruptions, thereby improving network PPS and I/Operformance.

ECSs Supporting NIC Multi-QueueNIC multi-queue can be enabled on an ECS only when the ECS specifications,virtualization type, and image OS meet the requirements described in this section.

● For details about the ECS specifications that support NIC multi-queue, see ECSTypes.

NO TE

If the number of NIC queues is greater than 1, NIC multi-queue is supported.

● Only KVM ECSs support NIC multi-queue.● The Linux public images listed in Table 7-6 support NIC multi-queue.







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NO TE

● Windows OSs have not commercially supported NIC multi-queue. If you enableNIC multi-queue in a Windows image, starting an ECS created using such an imagemay be slow.

● You are advised to upgrade the kernel version of the Linux ECS to 2.6.35 or later.Otherwise, NIC multi-queue is not supported.

Run the uname -r command to obtain the kernel version. If the kernel version isearlier than 2.6.35, contact technical support to upgrade the kernel.

Table 7-5 Windows ECSs that support NIC multi-queue

OS Image Status

Windows Windows Server 2008 WEB R2 64bit Supported usingprivate images

Windows Server 2008 Enterprise SP264bit

Supported usingprivate images

Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard/Datacenter/Enterprise 64bit


Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise64bit_WithGPUdriver


Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard64bit_WithGPUdriver


Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard/Datacenter 64bit


Table 7-6 Linux ECSs that support NIC multi-queue

OS Image Status NIC Multi-QueueEnabled byDefault

Linux Ubuntu 14.04/16.04 Server64bit

Yes Yes

openSUSE 42.2 64bit Yes Yes

SUSE Enterprise 12 SP1/SP264bit

Yes Yes

CentOS6.8/6.9/7.0/7.1/7.2/7.3/7.4/7.5/7.6 64bit

Yes Yes

Debian 8.0.0/8.8.0/8.9.0/9.0.064bit

Yes Yes

Fedora 24/25 64bit Yes Yes



OS Image Status NIC Multi-QueueEnabled byDefault

EulerOS 2.2 64bit Yes Yes

Operation InstructionsThe ECS described in the following section is assumed to meet the requirementson specifications and virtualization type.

● If the ECS was created using a public image listed in ECSs Supporting NICMulti-Queue, NIC multi-queue has been enabled on the ECS by default.Therefore, you do not need to perform the operations described in thissection.

● If the ECS was created using a private image and the external image file islisted in ECSs Supporting NIC Multi-Queue, perform the followingoperations to enable NIC multi-queue:

a. Import an External Image File to the IMS Consoleb. Set NIC Multi-Queue for the Imagec. Create an ECS from the Private Imaged. Run the Script for Configuring NIC Multi-Queue

Import an External Image File to the IMS ConsoleFor details, see Registering an External Image File as a Private Image (Linux).After the image file is imported, view the value of NIC Multi-Queue on the pageproviding details about the image.● If the value is Supported, go to Create an ECS from the Private Image.● If the value is Not supported, go to Set NIC Multi-Queue for the Image.

Set NIC Multi-Queue for the ImageWindows OSs have not commercially supported NIC multi-queue. If you enableNIC multi-queue in a Windows image, starting an ECS created using such animage may be slow.

Use either of the following methods to set the NIC multi-queue attribute.

Method 1:

1. Log in to the management console.2. Under Computing, click Image Management Service.

The IMS console is displayed.3. On the displayed Private Images page, locate the row that contains the

target image and click Modify in the Operation column.4. Set the NIC multi-queue attribute of the image.

Method 2:




1. Log in to the management console.2. Under Computing, click Image Management Service.

The IMS console is displayed.3. On the displayed Private Images page, click the name of the target image.4. In the upper right corner of the displayed image details page, click Modify. In

the displayed Modify Image dialog box, set parameter NIC Multi-Queue.

Method 3: Add hw_vif_multiqueue_enabled to an image through the API.

1. For details about how to obtain the token, see Authentication.2. For details about how to call an API to update image information, see

Updating Image Information (Native OpenStack API).3. Add X-Auth-Token to the request header.

The value of X-Auth-Token is the token obtained in step 1.4. Add Content-Type to the request header.

The value of Content-Type is application/openstack-images-v2.1-json-patch.The request URI is in the following format:PATCH /v2/images/{image_id}The request body is as follows:[ { "op":"add", "path":"/hw_vif_multiqueue_enabled", "value": "true" } ]

Figure 7-3 shows an example request body for setting the NIC multi-queueattribute.

Figure 7-3 Example request body

Create an ECS from the Private ImageUse the registered private image to create an ECS. For details, see Purchasing anECS. Note the following when setting the parameters:● Region: Select the region where the private image is located.● Image: Select Private image and then the desired image from the drop-down

list.



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Run the Script for Configuring NIC Multi-Queue

Windows OSs have not commercially supported NIC multi-queue. If you enableNIC multi-queue in a Windows image, starting an ECS created using such animage may be slow.

For Linux OSs, the script for automatically configuring NIC multi-queue isprovided. If an ECS has multiple NICs, running the script will automatically enablemulti-queue for all the NICs.

1. Log in to the ECS and run the following command to check the number ofqueues supported by and enabled for a NIC:ethtool -l NICExample:[root@localhost ~]# ethtool -l eth0 #View the number of queues used by NIC eth0.Channel parameters for eth0:Pre-set maximums:RX: 0TX: 0Other: 0Combined: 4 #The NIC supports a maximum of four queues.Current hardware settings:RX: 0TX: 0Other: 0Combined: 1 #One queue has been enabled for the NIC.

If the values of the two Combined fields are the same, NIC multi-queue hasbeen enabled. No further action is required.

2. Run the following command to download the configuration script multi-queue-hw:wget https://ecs-instance-driver.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/multi-queue-hwThe download path is https://ecs-instance-driver.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/multi-queue-hw.

3. Run the following command to assign execution permissions to the script:chmod +x multi-queue-hw

4. Run the following command to move the multi-queue-hw script to the /etc/init.d directory:mv multi-queue-hw /etc/init.dEnter y when the following information is displayed:mv: overwrite '/etc/init.d/multi-queue-hw'?

5. Run the following command to run the script:/etc/init.d/multi-queue-hw startThe script takes effect immediately after being executed. However, if you stopan ECS, the NIC multi-queue will become invalid.

6. Add startup configuration for each OS so that NIC multi-queue isautomatically enabled upon the ECS startup.– For CentOS, Red Hat, Fedora, EulerOS, SUSE, and openSUSE, run the

following command:chkconfig multi-queue-hw on



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– For Ubuntu, run the following command:update-rc.d multi-queue-hw defaults 90 10

– For Debian, run the following command:systemctl enable multi-queue-hw

7.7 How Do I Configure an ECS to Dynamically AcquireIPv6 Addresses?

ScenariosIPv6 addresses are used to deal with the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. If anECS uses an IPv4 address, the ECS can run in dual-stack mode after IPv6 isenabled. That is, the ECS has two IP addresses: an IPv4 address and an IPv6address. Both IP addresses can be used to access the intranet or public network.

Some ECSs created according to the network environment requirements inConstraints cannot dynamically acquire IPv6 addresses. If an ECS is created from apublic image, the following requirements must be met:

● By default, dynamic IPv6 address assignment is enabled for Windows publicimages. You do not need to configure it. The operations in Windows are foryour reference only.

● Before enabling dynamic IPv6 address assignment for a Linux public image,check whether IPv6 is supported and then check whether dynamic IPv6address assignment has been enabled. Currently, all Linux public imagessupport IPv6, and dynamic IPv6 address assignment is enabled for the Ubuntu16 OS by default. That is, you do not need to configure dynamic IPv6 addressassignment for the Ubuntu 16 OS. For other Linux public images, you need toenable this function.In addition, this document provides the methods for both automatically andmanually configuring IPv6 addresses (see Linux (Automatic Configurationof IPv6) and Linux (Manual Configuration of IPv6)). The automaticconfiguration is recommended.

Constraints● Ensure that IPv6 has been enabled on the subnet where the ECS works.

For details about how to enable IPv6 on a subnet, see IPv4 and IPv6 Dual-Stack Network.

● Ensure that Self-assigned IPv6 address is selected during ECS creation.

Figure 7-4 Self-assigned IPv6 address

● After the ECS is started, hot-swappable NICs cannot automatically acquireIPv6 addresses.



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● Only ECSs can work in the dual-stack network. BMSs do not support thisfunction.

● Only one IPv6 address can be bound to each NIC.

Windows

Step 1 Run the following command in the CMD window to check whether IPv6 is enabledfor the ECS:

ipconfig

● If IPv6 is enabled, an IPv6 address is displayed.

Figure 7-5 Querying the IPv6 address

● If only an IPv6 local link address is displayed, IPv6 addresses cannot bedynamically acquired. Go to Step 2.

Figure 7-6 IPv6 local link address

● If IPv6 is disabled, no IPv6 address is displayed. Go to Step 3.



Figure 7-7 IPv6 disabled

NO TE

By default, dynamic IPv6 address assignment is enabled for Windows public images(case 1). No special configuration is required.

Step 2 Configure dynamic IPv6 address assignment. (Windows Server 2008 is used as anexample.)

1. Choose Start > Control Panel.2. Click Network and Sharing Center.3. Click Change adapter settings.4. Right-click Local Connection and choose Properties.5. Select Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) and click OK.



Figure 7-8 Configuring dynamic IPv6 address assignment

6. Perform Step 1 to check whether dynamic IPv6 address assignment isenabled.

Step 3 Enable and configure IPv6.

1. Choose Start > Control Panel > Network Connection > Local Connection.2. Select Properties, select the following options, and click Install.



Figure 7-9 Enabling and configuring IPv6

3. Select Protocol and click Add.

Figure 7-10 Adding the protocol

4. Select Microsoft TCP/IP Version 6 and click OK.



Figure 7-11 Network protocols

5. (Optional) Run the following commands depending on your OS.

– If the ECS runs Windows Server 2008, run the following command inPowerShell or CMD:

netsh interface ipv6 set global randomizeidentifiers=disable

Disable the local connection and then enable it again.

To disable the local connection, choose Start > Control Panel > Networkand Internet > Network and Sharing Center > Change AdapterOptions. Right-click the local connection and choose Disable from theshortcut menu.

To enable the local connection, choose Start > Control Panel > Networkand Internet > Network and Sharing Center > Change AdapterOptions. Right-click the local connection and choose Enable from theshortcut menu.

– If the ECS runs Windows Server 2012/2016, run the following commandin PowerShell:

Set-NetIPv6Protocol -RandomizeIdentifiers disabled

6. Perform Step 1 to check whether dynamic IPv6 address assignment isenabled.

----End

Linux (Automatic Configuration of IPv6)

The ipv6-setup-xxx tool can be used to enable Linux OSs to automatically acquireIPv6 addresses. xxx indicates a tool, which can be rhel or debian.

You can also enable IPv6 by following the instructions in Linux (ManualConfiguration of IPv6).



CA UTION

● When the ipv6-setup-xxx tool is running, the network service is automaticallyrestarted. As a result, the network is temporarily unavailable.

● After automatic IPv6 address assignment is configured on an ECS runningCentOS 6.x or Debian, the ECS will be created as a private image. When thisimage is used to create an ECS in an environment that IPv6 is unavailable, theECS may start slow because acquiring an IPv6 address times out. Beforecreating the private image, you can set the timeout duration for acquiring IPv6addresses to 30s by referring to Setting the Timeout Duration for IPv6Address Acquisition.

Step 1 Run the following command to check whether IPv6 is enabled for the ECS:

ip addr

● If IPv6 is disabled, only an IPv4 address is displayed. Enable IPv6 by referringto Step 2.

Figure 7-12 IPv6 disable

● If IPv6 is enabled, you can see an LLA address (starting with fe80).

Figure 7-13 IPv6 enabled

● If IPv6 is enabled and an IPv6 address is acquired, the following is displayed:

Figure 7-14 IPv6 enabled and an IPv6 address acquired

NO TE

IPv6 is enabled for Linux public images by default (case 2). IPv6 is enabled and an IPv6address is acquired for Ubuntu 16 public images by default (case 3). No specialconfiguration is required.

Step 2 Enable IPv6 for the Linux ECS.

1. Run the following command to check whether the kernel supports IPv6:sysctl -a | grep ipv6– If a command output is displayed, the kernel supports IPv6.



– If no information is displayed, the kernel does not support IPv6. In thiscase, go to Step 2.2 to load the IPv6 module.

2. Run the following command to load the IPv6 module:

modprobe ipv6

3. Add the following content to the /etc/sysctl.conf file:

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0

4. Save the configuration and exit. Then, run the following command to load theconfiguration:

sysctl -p

Step 3 Enable automatic configuration of IPv6.

1. Download the required ipv6-setup-rhel or ipv6-setup-debian and upload itto the target ECS.

ipv6-setup-xxx adds or modifies the configuration file of the NIC, adds theconfiguration information for dynamically acquiring IPv6 addresses, andrestarts the NIC or network service. Table 7-7 lists the download paths ofipv6-setup-rhel and ipv6-setup-debian.

Table 7-7 ipv6-setup-rhel and ipv6-setup-debian download paths

Series Release Version How to Obtain

RHEL – CentOS 6/7– EulerOS 2.2/2.3– Fedora 25

https://ecs-instance-driver.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/ipv6/ipv6-setup-rhel

Debian – Ubuntu 16/18– Debian 8/9

https://ecs-instance-driver.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/ipv6/ipv6-setup-debian

2. Run the following command to assign execution permissions to ipv6-setup-xxx:

chmod +x ipv6-setup-xxx

3. Run the following command to enable dynamic IPv6 address assignment for aNIC:

./ipv6-setup-xxx --dev [dev]

Example:

./ipv6-setup-xxx --dev eth0

NO TE

– To enable dynamic IPv6 address assignment for all NICs, run the ./ipv6-setup-xxxcommand.

– To learn how to use ipv6-setup-xxx, run the ./ipv6-setup-xxx --help command.

----End











Linux (Manual Configuration of IPv6)

CA UTION

After automatic IPv6 address assignment is configured on an ECS running CentOS6.x or Debian, the ECS will be created as a private image. When this image is usedto create an ECS in an environment that IPv6 is unavailable, the ECS may startslow because acquiring an IPv6 address times out. Before creating the privateimage, you can set the timeout duration for acquiring IPv6 addresses to 30s byreferring to Setting the Timeout Duration for IPv6 Address Acquisition.

Step 1 Run the following command to check whether IPv6 is enabled for the ECS:

ip addr

● If IPv6 is disabled, only an IPv4 address is displayed. Enable IPv6 by referringto Step 2.

Figure 7-15 IPv6 disabled

● If IPv6 is enabled, you can see an LLA address (starting with fe80).

Figure 7-16 IPv6 enabled

● If IPv6 is enabled and an IPv6 address is acquired, the following is displayed:

Figure 7-17 IPv6 enabled and an IPv6 address acquired

NO TE

IPv6 is enabled for Linux public images by default (case 2). IPv6 is enabled and an IPv6address is acquired for Ubuntu 16 public images by default (case 3). No specialconfiguration is required.

Step 2 Enable IPv6 for the Linux ECS.

1. Run the following command to check whether the kernel supports IPv6:sysctl -a | grep ipv6– If a command output is displayed, the kernel supports IPv6.– If no information is displayed, the kernel does not support IPv6. In this

case, go to Step 2.2 to load the IPv6 module.



2. Run the following command to load the IPv6 module:modprobe ipv6

3. Add the following content to the /etc/sysctl.conf file:net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0

4. Save the configuration and exit. Then, run the following command to load theconfiguration:sysctl -p

Step 3 Enable IPv6 manually. The procedure varies depending on the OS.● Enable dynamic IPv6 address assignment for an ECS running Ubuntu.

NO TE

For Ubuntu 18.04, perform the following steps. For Ubuntu 16.04, skip these stepsbecause IPv6 is enabled by default.

a. Add the following content below iface eth0 inet dhcp in the /etc/network/interface configuration file:iface eth0 inet6 dhcp

b. (Optional) Set the IPv6 LLA generation mode of the NIC to EUI64.nmcli con modify "Wired connection 1" ipv6.addr-gen-mode eui64

c. Run the following commands to restart the network service:ifdown eth0ifup eth0

● Enable dynamic IPv6 address assignment for the ECS running Debian.

a. Add the following content to the /etc/network/interfaces file:auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0iface eth0 inet dhcpiface eth0 inet6 dhcp pre-up sleep 3

b. If there are multiple NICs, add the NIC configurations in the /etc/network/interfaces file. The following uses eth1 as an example:auto eth1iface eth1 inet dhcpiface eth1 inet6 dhcp pre-up sleep 3

c. Run the following command to restart the network service:service networking restart

NO TE

If an IPv6 address cannot be acquired after the NICs are brought down and up,you can run this command to restart the network.

d. Perform Step 1 to check whether dynamic IPv6 address assignment isenabled.

● Enable dynamic IPv6 address assignment for an ECS running CentOS, EulerOS,or Fedora.

a. Open the primary NIC configuration file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0.Add the following configuration items to the file:



IPV6INIT=yesDHCPV6C=yes

b. Edit the /etc/sysconfig/network file to add or modify the following line:NETWORKING_IPV6=yes

c. For the NICs of an ECS running CentOS 6, you need to edit thecorresponding configuration files. For example, if the NIC is eth1, youneed to edit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1.Add the following configuration items to the file:IPV6INIT=yesDHCPV6C=yes

In CentOS 6.3, dhcpv6-client requests are filtered by ip6tables by default.Therefore, modify the ifcfg-eth* file and add an ip6tables rule thatallows the dhcpv6-client request for CentOS 6.3. To do so, perform thefollowing operations:

i. Run the following command to add the ip6tables rule:ip6tables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport546 -d fe80::/64 -j ACCEPT

ii. Run the following command to save the ip6tables rule:service ip6tables save

Figure 7-18 Example command

d. (Optional) For CentOS 7, change the IPv6 LLA address mode of theextension NIC to EUI64.

i. Run the following command to query the NIC information:nmcli con

Figure 7-19 Viewing NIC information

ii. Run the following command to change the IPv6 Link Local Address(LLA) mode of eth1 to EUI64:nmcli con modify "Wired connection 1" ipv6.addr-gen-modeeui64

iii. Run the following commands to bring eth1 down and up:ifdown eth1ifup eth1

e. Restart the network.

i. For CentOS 6, run the following command to restart the network:service network restart

ii. For CentOS 7, EulerOS, and Fedora, run the following command torestart the network:systemctl restart NetworkManager



f. Perform Step 1 to check whether dynamic IPv6 address assignment isenabled.

● Enable dynamic IPv6 address assignment for the ECS running SUSE,openSUSE, or CoreOS.SUSE 11 SP4 does not support dynamic IPv6 address assignment.No special configuration is required for SUSE 12 SP1 or SUSE 12 SP2.No special configuration is required for openSUSE 13.2 or openSUSE 42.2.No special configuration is required for CoreOS 10.10.5.

----End

Setting the Timeout Duration for IPv6 Address AcquisitionAfter automatic IPv6 address assignment is configured on an ECS running CentOS6.x or Debian, the ECS will be created as a private image. When this image is usedto create an ECS in an environment that IPv6 is unavailable, the ECS may startslow because acquiring an IPv6 address times out. Before creating the privateimage, you can set the timeout duration for acquiring IPv6 addresses to 30s byfollowing the instructions in this section.

● CentOS 6.x:

a. Run the following command to edit the dhclient.conf file:vi /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf

b. Press i to enter editing mode and add the timeout attribute to the file.timeout 30;

c. Enter :wq to save the settings and exit.● Debian 7.5:

a. Run the following command to edit the networking file:vi /etc/init.d/networking

b. Press i to enter editing mode and add the timeout attribute.

Figure 7-20 Modification 1



Figure 7-21 Modification 2

● Debian 8.2.0/8.8.0

a. Run the following command to edit the network-pre.conf file:vi /lib/systemd/system/networking.service.d/network-pre.conf

b. Press i to enter editing mode and add the timeout attribute to the file.[Service]TimeoutStartSec=30

● Debian 9.0

a. Run the following command to edit the networking.service file:vi /etc/system/system/network-online.target.wants/networking.service

b. Press i to enter editing mode and change TimeoutStartSec=5min toTimeoutStartSec=30.

7.8 How Do I Optimize a System Disk Image So That ItCan Be Used to Create ECSs Quickly?

Scenarios

If a system disk image supports fast ECS creation, the time required for creatingECSs from it can be greatly reduced. Existing system disk images may not supportfast ECS creation. You are advised to optimize the images using the imagereplication function.

If image A cannot be used to quickly create ECSs, you can replicate it to generateimage copy_A, which can be used to quickly create ECSs.

Constraints

Full-ECS images and ISO images cannot be optimized using this method.

Check Whether an Image Supports Fast ECS Creation1. Log in to the management console.2. Under Computing, click Image Management Service.



The IMS console is displayed.3. Click the Private Images tab to display the image list.4. Click the name of the target image.5. On the displayed image details page, check the value of Fast ECS Creation.

Figure 7-22 Image details

Optimize an Image1. Locate the target system disk image, click More in the Operation column,

and select Replicate from the drop-down list.The Replicate Image dialog box is displayed.

2. Set Replication Mode to Within Region and set other parameters based onReplicating Images Within a Region.

3. After the image is successfully replicated, the generated image can be used toquickly create ECSs.




8 Image Replication

When Do I Need to Replicate an Image?

Image replication includes in-region replication and cross-region replication.

● In-region replicationThis function is used for conversion between encrypted images andunencrypted images or for enabling advanced features (such as fast creation)for images. For details, see Replicating Images Within a Region.

● Cross-region replicationThis function is used for replicating a private image in the current region tothe same account in another region. You can use this private image to deploythe same application environment in the two regions. For details, seeReplicating Images Across Regions.

What Images Can I Replicate?

Only private images can be replicated. The restrictions on image replication are asfollows:

● In-region replicationNeither the private images created from ISO files nor the full-ECS imagessupport in-region replication.

● Cross-region replicationEncrypted images do not support cross-region replication.

Can I Replicate Images Across Regions Between the China Site andInternational Site?

The China site and International site are accessed by using different accounts.Therefore, you cannot replicate images across regions between the two sitesthrough cross-region replication. However, you can do the replication in thefollowing way:

For example, if you want to replicate a system disk image from the AP-Hong-Kongregion of the International site to the CN East-Shanghai1 region of the China site,perform the following operations:

Image Management ServiceFAQs 8 Image Replication




1. Log in to the console of the International site, export the image from the AP-Hong-Kong region to the OBS bucket in the region, and download the imageto a local directory. Assume that the image file is exported as WindowsServer 2012.qcow2.

For details, see Exporting Images.

2. Log in to the console of the China site, switch to the CN East-Shanghai1region, and upload the Windows Server 2012.qcow2 image file to the OBSbucket in the region.

For details, see Uploading an External Image File.

3. Register the image file as a private image

For details, see Registering an External Image File as a Private Image.

How Long Does It Take to Replicate an Image?

The time required for replicating an image depends on the network transmissionspeed and the number of tasks in the queue. Cross-region image replicationtransfers an image file from a region to another through the network. In normalcases, it takes more than 10 minutes to replicate data of 1 GB across regions.

What Is the Charge for Image Replication?● In-region replication

The replicas of system disk and data disk images are stored in OBS bucketsfor free.

NO TE

Full-ECS images cannot be replicated within the same region.

● Cross-region replication

System disk and data disk images: You are charged for the OBS traffic forreplicating images cross regions.

Full-ECS images: You are charged for the CSBS or CBR traffic for replicatingimages cross regions and also charged for the space used to store the CSBS orCBR backups associated with the replicas.

NO TE

The process of cross-region full-ECS image replication is as follows:

1. You replicate the backup of a full-ECS image to the destination region.

2. In the destination region, the system automatically generates a full-ECS imagefrom the backup.

Is There a Limit on the Image Size During Cross-Region Replication?

Yes. An image to be replicated cannot be larger than 128 GB.

If your image file exceeds 128 GB and you want to replicate it between regions,you are advised to export the image to an OBS bucket, import the image to theOBS bucket in the target region, and register it as a private image.






What Is the Maximum Number of Concurrent Cross-Region ImageReplication Tasks?

Five.

How Do I Replicate an Image to a Different Region of Another Account?Replicate the image to the target region under your account and share it with thetarget cloud account. Then, the image will be displayed in the shared image list ofthe target cloud account.

How Do I Replicate an Image Between Subprojects in a Region?Cross-region image replication allows you to replicate images between regions.Image sharing allows you to replicate images between subprojects in the sameregion.

In the Share Image dialog box, enter your account name, select the targetsubproject, and click Add, as instructed in Sharing Specified Images. After theimage is shared, switch to the target subproject. On the Image ManagementService > Images Shared with Me page, you can view the shared image to beaccepted.




9 Image Deletion

Will a Private Image Be Automatically Deleted If I Unsubscribe from orDelete the ECS Used to Create the Image?

Private images created using ECSs are stored in OBS buckets. Unsubscribing ordeleting the ECS used to create a private image does not affect the image.

Can I Delete a Shared Image If My Image Quota Becomes Insufficient?Yes. You can delete a shared image without requiring any operation by the imagerecipient. After you delete the image, the image recipient cannot use it any longer.To prevent impact on the image recipient's services, inform the image recipient inadvance so that the image recipient can back up data.

How Do I Delete a Shared Image? Does This Affect an Existing ECS or EVSDisk?

Reject this image on the Images Shared with Me tab page. This does not affectan existing ECS or EVS disk.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 9 Image Deletion


10 Image Encryption

How Can I Share an Encrypted Image or Publish It in Marketplace?You are not allowed to share an encrypted image or publish it in the Marketplacedirectly. If you want to do this, you can replicate the image to generate anunencrypted one, and share or publish the unencrypted image in the Marketplace.

How Can I Change an Unencrypted Image to an Encrypted One?If you want to store an unencrypted image in an encrypted way, you can select anencryption key and replicate the image to generate an encrypted image.

Constraints● An encrypted image cannot be shared with other tenants, published in the

Marketplace, or replicated across regions.● The key used for encrypting the image cannot be changed.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 10 Image Encryption


11 Accounts and Permissions

11.1 How Do I Create an IAM Agency?

ScenariosDuring cross-region image replication, an agency is required to verify cloud servicepermissions in the destination region. Therefore, you need to create a cloudservice agency in advance. This section describes how to create an IAM agency.

BackgroundAn agency is a trust relationship established between you and other HUAWEICLOUD accounts or cloud services. If you have purchased multiple types of cloudresources on HUAWEI CLOUD, you can create an agency through IAM to establisha trust relationship with a professional company or cloud service for secure andefficient O&M on certain types of your resources.

Procedure1. Log in to the management console.2. In the upper right corner of the page, click the username and select Identity

and Access Management.3. In the navigation pane, choose Agencies.4. Click Create Agency.5. On the Create Agency page, set the following parameters:

– Agency Name: Enter an agency name, such asims_administrator_agency.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 11 Accounts and Permissions


Figure 11-1 Creating an agency

– Agency Type: Select Cloud service.– Cloud Service: This parameter is available if you select Cloud service for

Agency Type. Click Select. In the displayed Select Cloud Service dialogbox, select Image Management Service (IMS) and click OK.

– Validity Period: Select Unlimited.– Description: This parameter is optional. You can enter Agency with IMS

Administrator privileges.– Permissions: Click Assign Permissions. By default, Policy View is

displayed. Enter IMS Administrator in the search box, select the IMSAdministrator check box, select the destination region or sub-project inthe Project [Region] column, and click OK.

CA UTION

Do not select All projects in the Project [Region] column. Otherwise,the created agency will be invalid.

In cross-region image replication, the agency must have the administratorpermissions in both the source and destination regions. For example, ifyou want to replicate an image from CN North-Beijing4 to CN East-Shanghai1, the agency must have the IMS Administrator permissions inboth regions.



Figure 11-2 Configuring permissions

6. Click OK.



12 Cloud-Init

12.1 What Can I Do with a Cloud-Init ECS?

Introduction to Cloud-InitCloud-Init is an open-source cloud initialization tool. When creating an ECS froman image with Cloud-Init, you can use the user data injection function to injectcustomized initialization information (for example, setting the ECS loginpassword). You can also configure and manage a running ECS by querying andusing metadata. If Cloud-Init is not installed, you cannot configure an ECS. As aresult, you can only use the password in the image file to log in to the createdECSs.

Installation MethodsYou are advised to install Cloud-Init or Cloudbase-Init on the ECS to be used tocreate a private image so that new ECSs created from the private image supportcustom configurations.

● For Windows OSs, download and install Cloudbase-Init.For how to install Cloudbase-Init, see Installing and Configuring Cloudbase-Init.

● For Linux OSs, download and install Cloud-Init.For how to install Cloud-Init, see Installing Cloud-Init.For how to configure Cloud-Init, see Configuring Cloud-Init.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 12 Cloud-Init






12.2 What Do I Do If Injecting the Key or PasswordUsing Cloud-Init Failed After NetworkManager IsInstalled?

SymptomA major cause is that the version of Cloud-Init is incompatible with that ofNetworkManager. In Debian 9.0 and later versions, NetworkManager isincompatible with Cloud-Init 0.7.9.

SolutionUninstall the current Cloud-Init and install Cloud-Init 0.7.6 or an earlier version.

For details about how to install Cloud-Init, see Installing Cloud-Init.

12.3 How Do I Install growpart for SUSE 11 SP4?

Scenariosgrowpart for SUSE and openSUSE is an independent toolkit that does not startwith cloud-*. Perform operations in this section to install growpart:

Procedure1. Run the following commands to check whether Cloud-Init and growpart have

been installed:rpm -qa | grep cloud-initThe command output is as follows:cloud-init-0.7.8-39.2

rpm -qa | grep growpartThe command output is as follows:growpart-0.29-8.1

2. Run the following command to uninstall Cloud-Init and growpart:zypper remove cloud-init growpart

3. Run the following commands to clear residual files:rm -fr /etc/cloud/*rm -fr /var/lib/cloud/*

4. Run the following command to install growpart:zypper install http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/garloff:/OTC:/cloudinit/SLE_11_SP4/noarch/growpart-0.27-1.1.noarch.rpm

5. Run the following command to install python-oauth:zypper install http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/garloff:/OTC:/cloudinit/SLE_11_SP4/x86_64/python-oauth-1.0.1-35.1.x86_64.rpm




6. Run the following command to install Cloud-Init:

zypper install http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/garloff:/OTC:/cloudinit/SLE_11_SP4/x86_64/cloud-init-0.7.6-27.23.1.x86_64.rpm

7. Run the following commands to check whether growpart, python-oauth, andCloud-Init have been installed successfully:

rpm -qa | grep growpart

The command output is as follows:growpart-0.27-1.1

rpm -qa | grep python-oauth

The command output is as follows:python-oauthlib-0.6.0-1.5python-oauth-1.0.1-35.1

rpm -qa | grep cloud-init

The command output is as follows:cloud-init-0.7.6-27.19.1

8. Run the following command to check the configuration:

chkconfig cloud-init-local on;chkconfig cloud-init on;chkconfig cloud-config on;chkconfig cloud-final on

12.4 How Do I Configure a Linux Private Image ThatCan Automatically Expand Its Root Partition?

Constraints● An image whose root partition file system is xfs cannot automatically expand

its partitions.

● An image that has the LVM partition cannot automatically expand itspartitions.

● Images whose file system is ext3 or ext4 are recommended.

NO TE

After OS partitions of old versions are expanded, the OS must be restarted to updatethe file system.

Installation of growpart on Different OSs

To enable private images to automatically expand the root partition, installgrowpart.

Table 12-1 growpart installation packages for different OSs

OS Tool Package

Debian/Ubuntu cloud-init, cloud-utils, and cloud-initramfs-growroot



OS Tool Package

Fedora/CentOS cloud-init, cloud-utils, and cloud-utils-growpart

SUSE/openSUSE cloud-init and growpart

NO TE

For Debian 9, use method 1 to install growpart. If the installation fails, use method 2 toinstall growpart.

Method 1:

Run the following command to install growpart:

apt-get install -y -f cloud-init cloud-utils cloud-initramfs-growroot

Method 2:

If method 1 fails, it may be because the installation source of Debian 9.0.0 is faulty.Therefore, you need to download dependent packages cloud-utils and cloud-initramfs-growroot and install them.

1. Run the following command to download the dependent packages:

wget Package download pathYou can obtain the dependent packages from the following paths:

http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/cloud-utils/cloud-utils_0.29-1_all.deb

http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/cloud-initramfs-tools/cloud-initramfs-growroot_0.18.debian5_all.deb

2. Run the following command to rectify the dependent packages:

apt --fix-broken install

3. Run the following command to install the dependent packages:

dpkg -i cloud-utils package path cloud-initramfs-growroot package pathAn example command is dpkg -i /root/cloud-utils_0.29-1_all.deb /root/cloud-initramfs-growroot_0.18.debian5_all.deb.

For other Debian versions, run the following command to install dependent packages:

apt-get update;apt-get install cloud-utils cloud-initramfs-growroot

Procedure

Take the following as two examples of image disk partitioning:

If the root partition is the last partition, see Root partition at the last.

If the root partition is not the last partition, see Root partition not at the last.

NO TE

If the parted command fails, ensure that the parted tool has been installed on the OS.Perform the following operations to install the tool:

● For CentOS, run the following command:

yum install parted

● For Debian, run the following command:

apt-get install parted



http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/cloud-utils/cloud-utils_0.29-1_all.deb



● Root partition at the last (/dev/xvda1: swap and /dev/xvda2: root)For example, if the system disk size of CentOS 6.5 64-bit is 40 GB, perform thefollowing operations to configure a Linux private image that canautomatically expand its root partition:

a. Run the following command to query the partitions of /dev/xvda:parted -l /dev/xvdaAs shown in the command output, the root partition is the secondpartition and is 38.7 GB.Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 42.7GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdos

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags1 1049kB 4296MB 4295MB primary linux-swap(v1)2 4296MB 42.9GB 38.7GB primary ext4 boot

b. Install growpart to ensure that the image can automatically expand itsroot partition.Run the following command to install growpart:yum install cloud-*

NO TE

growpart may be contained in the cloud-utils-growpart/cloud-utils/cloud-initramfs-tools/cloud-init package. You can run the preceding command directlyand then run the growpart command to check whether growpart has beeninstalled successfully.

c. Run the following command to obtain the file system type and UUID:blkidThe command output is as follows:/dev/xvda1: UUID="25ec3bdb-ba24-4561-bcdc-802edf42b85f" TYPE="swap" /dev/xvda2: UUID="1a1ce4de-e56a-4e1f-864d-31b7d9dfb547" TYPE="ext4"

d. Stop the ECS and use it to create a private image.[root@sluo-ecs-e6dc-resizefs ~]# poweroff Connection closed by foreign host.Disconnected from remote host at 11:08:54.Type `help´ to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

e. Use the created image to provision an ECS with a 50 GB system disk. Login to the ECS and run the following command to query the expandedpartitions:parted -l /dev/xvdaAs shown in the command output, the root partition has been expandedautomatically.Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 53.7GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdos

NumberStartEndSizeTypeFile systemFlags1 1049kB 4296MB 4295MB primary linux-swap(v1)2 4296MB 53.7GB 49.4GB primary ext4 boot

f. Run the following command to check whether disks are attached to theECS successfully:df -Th



The command output is as follows:Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/xvda2 ext4 49.4G 2.6G 46.8G 4% /dev/shmtmpfs tmpfs 4295M 0 4295M 0% /

● Root partition not at the last (for example, /dev/xvda1: root and /dev/xvda2:swap)For example, if the system disk size of CentOS 7.3 64-bit is 40 GB, perform thefollowing operations to configure a Linux private image that canautomatically expand its root partition:

a. Run the following command to query the partitions of /dev/xvda:parted -l /dev/xvdaAs shown in the command output, the root partition is the first partitionand is 40.9 GB. The swap partition is the second partition.Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosDisk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags1 1049kB 41.0GB 40.9GB primary ext4 boot2 41.0GB 42.9GB 2000MB primary linux-swap(v1)

b. Run the following command to check the configuration of the /etc/fstabfile:tail -n 3 /etc/fstabAs shown in the command output, UUIDs of the two partitions aredisplayed.#UUID=7c4fce5d-f8f7-4ed6-8463-f2bd22d0ddea / ext4 defaults 1 1UUID=5de3cf2c-30c6-4fb2-9e63-830439d4e674 swap swap defaults 0 0

c. Run the following command to open the /etc/fstab file and press i toenter editing mode:vi /etc/fstab

d. Delete the swap partition configuration, press Esc to exit editing mode,and run the following command to save the configuration:wq!

e. Run the following command to check whether the configuration has beenmodified:tail -n 3 /etc/fstabAs shown in the command output, only the UUID of the root partition isdisplayed.UUID=7c4fce5d-f8f7-4ed6-8463-f2bd22d0ddea / ext4 defaults 1 1

f. Run the following command to stop the swap device:swapoff -a

g. Run the following command to query the partitions of /dev/xvda:parted /dev/xvdaThe command output is as follows:[root@test-0912 bin]# parted /dev/xvdaGNU Parted 3.1Using /dev/xvda



Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.(parted)

h. Run the following command to query the disk partitions:pThe command output is as follows:(parted) p Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosDisk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 4296MB 4295MB primary linux-swap(v1) 2 4296MB 42.9GB 38.7GB primary xfs boot(parted)

i. Run the following command to delete the second partition:rm 2The command output is as follows:(parted) rm 2(parted)

j. Run the following command to query the disk partitions:pThe command output is as follows:(parted) p Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosDisk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags1 1049kB 41.0GB 40.9GB primary ext4 boot

k. Enter quit.l. Run the following command to query the partitions of /dev/xvda:

parted -l /dev/xvdaAs shown in the command output, the swap partition is deleted.Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosDisk Flags:


m. Install growpart to ensure that the image can automatically expand itsroot partition.Run the following command to install growpart:yum install cloud-*

NO TE

growpart may be contained in the cloud-utils-growpart/cloud-utils/cloud-initramfs-tools/cloud-init package. You can run the preceding command directlyand then run the growpart command to check whether growpart has beeninstalled successfully.



n. Run the following command to expand the swap partition of the /dev/xvda disk to the first partition to which the root partition belongs:growpart /dev/xvda 1The command output is as follows:CHANGED: partition=1 start=2048 old: size=79978496 end=79980544 new: size=83873317,end=83875365

o. Run the following command to query the partitions of /dev/xvda:parted -l /dev/xvdaThe command output is as follows:Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosDisk Flags:


p. Run the following command to obtain the file system type and UUID:blkidThe command output is as follows:/dev/xvda1: UUID="7c4fce5d-f8f7-4ed6-8463-f2bd22d0ddea" TYPE="ext4"

q. Stop the ECS and use it to create a private image.[root@sluo-ecs-e6dc-resizefs ~]# poweroff Connection closed by foreign host.Disconnected from remote host at 11:08:54.Type `help´ to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

r. Use the created image to provision an ECS with a 100 GB system disk.Log in to the ECS and run the following command to query the partitionsof /dev/xvda:parted -l /dev/xvdaAs shown in the command output, the root partition has been expandedto 107 GB.Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosDisk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 107GB 107GB primary ext4 boot

NO TE

The value of Size is the size of the expanded root partition.



13 ECS Creation

13.1 Can I Change the Image After SuccessfullyPurchasing an ECS?

Yes.

If you select an incorrect image or your service requirements change, you canchange the image of your ECS.

HUAWEI CLOUD allows you to change the image type (public images, privateimages, shared images, and Marketplace images) and OS. For details, seeChanging the OS.

13.2 Can an ECS Created from a Private Image HaveDifferent Hardware Specifications from the ECS Usedto Create the Private Image?

When you use a private image to create an ECS, you can specify the system disksize of the ECS. However, the disk size must be greater than or equal to thesystem disk size in the image and less than 1024 GB. Specifications of the CPU,memory, bandwidth, and data disks can be different from those in the image ifnecessary.

13.3 Can I Specify the System Disk Size When I Createan ECS Using an Image?

If you use an image to create an ECS, you can specify the system disk size of theECS. However, the disk size must be greater than or equal to the system disk sizein the image and smaller than 1024 GB.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 13 ECS Creation


https://support.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/usermanual-ecs/en-us_topic_0031523135.html

13.4 What Do I Do If No Partition Is Found During theStartup of an ECS Created from an Imported PrivateImage?

Symptom

This may be caused by the disk partition ID change after the cross-platform imageimport. As a result, no partition can be found based on the original disk partitionID in the image. In this case, you need to change the disk partition in the image(UUID=UUID of the disk partition).

Solution

The following uses openSUSE 13.2 as an example to describe how to change thepartition name.

1. Run the following command to query the disk partition ID:ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/The example command output is as follows.total 0lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001 -> ../../xvdalrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part1 -> ../../xvda1lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part10 -> ../../xvda10lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part2 -> ../../xvda2lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part5 -> ../../xvda5lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part6 -> ../../xvda6lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part7 -> ../../xvda7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part8 -> ../../xvda8lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part9 -> ../../xvda9lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 22 01:35 ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00005 -> ../../xvdelrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001 -> ../../xvdalrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part1 -> ../../xvda1lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part10 -> ../../xvda10lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part2 -> ../../xvda2lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part5 -> ../../xvda5lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part6 -> ../../xvda6lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part7 -> ../../xvda7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part8 -> ../../xvda8lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part9 -> ../../xvda9lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jul 22 01:35 scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00005 -> ../../xvde

ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_xxx and scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_xxx indicatethat the disk of the ECS is simulated using Quick EMUlator (QEMU). Thecontent at the left of -> is the disk partition ID, and that at the right of -> isthe partition name.

2. Run the following command to query the disk partition UUID:ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/The example command output is as follows.total 0lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 45ecd7a0-29da-4402-a017-4564a62308b8 -> ../../xvda5lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 55386c6a-9e32-41d4-af7a-e79596221f51 -> ../../xvda9lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 55f36660-9bac-478c-a701-7ecc5347f789 -> ../../xvda8lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 780f36bc-0ada-4c98-9a8d-44570d65333d -> ../../xvda1lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 b3b7c47f-6a91-45ef-80d6-275b1cc16e19 -> ../../xvda6



lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jul 22 01:35 ea63b55d-3b6e-4dcd-8986-956b72bac3e9 -> ../../xvda7lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Jul 22 01:35 eb3cc645-925e-4bc5-bedf-c2a6f3b65809 -> ../../xvda10

The content at the left of -> is the disk partition UUID, and that at the rightof -> is the partition name. Obtain the relationship between the disk partitionname, partition ID, and partition UUID.

3. Run the following command to check the partition names in the /etc/fstabfile:vi /etc/fstabThe example command output is as follows./dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part5 / ext3 defaults,errors=panic 1 1/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part1 /boot ext3 defaults,errors=panic 1 2/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part6 /home ext3 nosuid,errors=panic 1 2/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part10 /opt ext3 defaults,errors=panic 1 2/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part7 /tmp ext3 nodev,nosuid,errors=panic 1 2/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part9 /usr ext3 defaults,errors=panic 1 2/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part8 /var ext3 nodev,nosuid,errors=panic 1 2sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0proc /proc proc defaults 0 0usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0/dev/cdrom /media/ udf,iso9660 noexec,noauto,nouser,nodev,nosuid 1 2tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs noexec,nodev,nosuid 0 0

The values in the first column are the disk partition IDs.4. Press i to enter editing mode. Change the disk partition ID in the row that

contains /dev/disk/xxx in the /etc/fstab file in step 3 to UUID=UUID of thedisk partition based on the query results in step 1 and step 2.The modified content is as follows.UUID=45ecd7a0-29da-4402-a017-4564a62308b8 / ext3 defaults,errors=panic 1 1UUID=780f36bc-0ada-4c98-9a8d-44570d65333d /boot ext3 defaults,errors=panic 1 2UUID=b3b7c47f-6a91-45ef-80d6-275b1cc16e19 /home ext3 nosuid,errors=panic 1 2UUID=eb3cc645-925e-4bc5-bedf-c2a6f3b65809 /opt ext3 defaults,errors=panic 1 2UUID=ea63b55d-3b6e-4dcd-8986-956b72bac3e9 /tmp ext3 nodev,nosuid,errors=panic 1 2UUID=55386c6a-9e32-41d4-af7a-e79596221f51 /usr ext3 defaults,errors=panic 1 2UUID=55f36660-9bac-478c-a701-7ecc5347f789 /var ext3 nodev,nosuid,errors=panic 1 2sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0proc /proc proc defaults 0 0usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0/dev/cdrom /media/ udf,iso9660 noexec,noauto,nouser,nodev,nosuid 1 2tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs noexec,nodev,nosuid 0 0

NO TE

Ensure that the UUIDs are correctly modified. Otherwise, the ECS cannot startproperly.

5. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter. The system saves the configuration andexits the vi editor.

6. Check the partition names in the system boot configuration file.The system boot configuration files for different OSs vary. Confirm the bootconfiguration file of the current OS.– Grand Unified Boot Loader (GRUB) configuration file

▪ /boot/grub/grub.conf

▪ /boot/grub/menu.lst

▪ /boot/grub/grub.cfg



▪ /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

– Syslinux configuration file

▪ /extlinux.conf

▪ /boot/syslinux/extlinux.conf

▪ /boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf

▪ /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

▪ /syslinux/syslinux.cfg

▪ /syslinux.cfg

The boot file in this example is /boot/grub/menu.lst. Run the followingcommand to check it:vi /boot/grub/menu.lstdefault 0timeout 3title xxx Server OS - xxxxxxkernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.101-0.47.52-default root=/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-SATA_QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part5 resume= memmap=0x2000000$0x3E000000 nmi_watchdog=2 crashkernel=512M-:256M console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty0 xen_emul_unplug=allinitrd /boot/initrd-3.0.101-0.47.52-default

7. Press i to enter editing mode and change the partition names in the systemboot configuration file.Change the disk partition name in the /boot/grub/menu.lst file in 6 toUUID=UUID of the disk partition based on the query results in 1 and 2.default 0timeout 3title xxx Server OS - xxxxxxkernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.101-0.47.52-default root=UUID=45ecd7a0-29da-4402-a017-4564a62308b8 resume= memmap=0x2000000$0x3E000000 nmi_watchdog=2 crashkernel=512M-:256M console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty0 xen_emul_unplug=allinitrd /boot/initrd-3.0.101-0.47.52-default

8. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter. The system saves the configuration andexits the vi editor.

13.5 What Do I Do If the Disks of an ECS Created froma CentOS Image Cannot Be Found?

SymptomGenerally, this is because the xen-blkfront.ko module is not loaded during thestartup. You need to modify OS kernel startup parameters. Figure 13-1 shows thestartup screen after the login to the ECS.



Figure 13-1 Startup screen

SolutionPerform the following operations to modify OS kernel boot parameters:

NO TE

These operations must be performed after the OS starts. You are advised to modify kernelboot parameters in the ECS used for creating the image.

1. Run the following command to log in to the OS:lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-`uname -r`.img |grep -i xen– If the command output contains xen-blkfront.ko, contact the customer

service.– If no command output is displayed, go to 2.

2. Back up the GRUB configuration file.– If the ECS runs CentOS 6, run the following command:

cp /boot/grub/grub.conf /boot/grub/grub.conf.bak– If the ECS runs CentOS 7, run the following command:

cp /boot/grub2/grub.cfg /boot/grub2/grub.cfg.bak3. Use the vi editor to open the GRUB configuration file. Run the following

command (using CentOS 7 as an example):vi /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

4. Add xen_emul_unplug=all to the default boot kernel.

NO TE

Search for the line that contains root=UUID= and add xen_emul_unplug=all to theend of the line.

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) with debugging' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64-advanced-bf3cc825-7638-48d8-8222-cd2f412dd0de' { load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='hd0,msdos1' bf3cc825-7638-48d8-8222-



cd2f412dd0de else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bf3cc825-7638-48d8-8222-cd2f412dd0de fi linux16 /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=bf3cc825-7638-48d8-8222-cd2f412dd0de xen_emul_unplug=all ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet systemd.log_level=debug systemd.log_target=kmsg initrd16 /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64.img}

5. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter to exit the vi editor.6. Create an image using the ECS, upload and register the image on the cloud

platform.

13.6 What Do I Do If an ECS Created from a WindowsImage Failed to Start When I Have Selected EnableAutomatic Configuration During Image Registration?

Symptom

This issue is probably caused by the failure of offline VirtIO driver injection.

Solution

When you inject the VirtIO driver for a Windows ECS offline, there are somerestrictions:

● If the boot mode in the image file is UEFI, the VirtIO driver cannot be injectedoffline.

● It is recommended that you disable Group Policy Object (GPO). Some policiesmay cause the failure to inject the VirtIO driver offline.

● It is recommended that you stop the antivirus software. Otherwise, the VirtIOdriver may fail to be injected offline.

To update the VirtIO driver, you must install UVP VMTools. For how to install UVPVMTools, see Optimizing a Windows Private Image.

13.7 What Do I Do If an Exception Occurs When I Startan ECS Created from an Image Using the UEFI BootMode?

Symptom

An ECS created from a private image using the UEFI boot mode cannot start.

Possible Causes

The image OS uses the UEFI boot mode, but the uefi attribute is not added to theimage attributes.




Solution1. Delete the ECS that failed to start.2. Call the API to update the image attributes and change the value of

hw_firmware_type to uefi.API URI: PATCH /v2/cloudimages/{image_id}For details about how to call the API, see Updating Image Information.

3. Use the updated image to create an ECS.




14 Billing

14.1 What Are the Charging Standards of IMS?

Billing of Different Image TypesImage Type Billing

Public image Only Windows Server public images are charged. Otherpublic images are free of charge.

Private image When you create a private image, you will be charged forthe CSBS or CBR storage.● System disk image or data disk image: OBS buckets

invisible to users are provided for free to store theimages.

● Full-ECS image: If the image is created from a CSBS orCBR backup, you will be charged for the space used tostore the CSBS or CBR backup.

Image sharedwith me

● If it is a system or data disk image, you will be chargednothing for the OBS storage space.

● If it is a full-ECS image, you will be charged for thespace used to store the CBR backup.NOTE

Full-ECS images created from a CBR backup can be shared butthose created from a CSBS backup cannot.

Marketplaceimage

Determined by the image provider.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 14 Billing


Billing of Private Image OperationsOperation Billing Item

Uploading an externalimage file to an OBSbucket

OBS storage space (You are advised to deleteunneeded image files.)

Creating an ECS from asystem disk image or full-ECS image

EVS disks attached to the created ECS (The systemdisk image and full-ECS image are free of charge.)For example, when you use a full-ECS image (witha 40 GB system disk and 100 GB data disk) tocreate an ECS, you will be charged based on thetotal size of the system disk and data disk.

In-region replication of asystem or data disk image

Free of charge. OBS buckets are available for freeto store the image copies.

Cross-region replication ofa system or data diskimage

Traffic of OBS cross-region replication

Cross-region replication ofa full-ECS image

● Traffic of CSBS or CBR cross-region replication● Space for storing the CSBS or CBR backup

associated with the newly replicated image

Exporting images OBS space for storing the exported images

Reference● For OBS pricing details, see OBS Pricing Details.● For CSBS pricing details, see CSBS Pricing Details.● For CBR pricing details, see CBR Pricing Details.● For EVS pricing details, see EVS Pricing Details.

Image Management ServiceFAQs 14 Billing


https://www.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/pricing/index.html?tab=detail#/obs

https://www.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/pricing/index.html?tab=detail#/csbs

https://www.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/pricing/index.html?tab=detail#/cbr

https://www.huaweicloud.com/intl/en-us/pricing/index.html?tab=detail#/evs

15 Change History

Released On Description

2020-11-28 This issue is the eleventh official release.Added the following content:● Is There Any Difference Between the Image Created from

a CSBS/CBR Backup and That Created from an ECS?● Why Can't I Find My Private Image When I Want to Use It

to Create an ECS or Change the OS of an ECS?

2020-05-28 This issue is the tenth official release.Added the following content:● Why Can't I Find an ISO Image When I Want to Use It to

Create an ECS or Change the OS of an ECS?● What Do I Do If the Share Option Is Unavailable for My

Image?● Can I Download My Private Images to a Local PC?● What Do I Do If the Export Option Is Unavailable for My

Image?● How Do I Configure an ECS to Dynamically Acquire IPv6

Addresses?● Image DeletionModified the following content:Adjusted the structure of the document.

2020-01-30 This issue is the ninth official release.Added the following content:● How Can I Use a Backup to Create an EVS Disk or ECS?● Can I Install the Exported System Disk Image of an ECS on

a Physical Server?● Can I Download a Public Image Provided by HUAWEI

CLOUD to My Local PC?

Image Management ServiceFAQs 15 Change History



2019-12-30 This issue is the eighth official release.Added the following content:● What Do I Do If I Want to Set Up an OpenVPN or PyTorch

Environment But No Public Image Containing OpenVPNor PyTorch Is Available?

● How Can I Back Up the Current Status of an ECS forRestoration in the Case of a System Fault?

2019-11-30 This issue is the seventh official release.Added the following content:● What Are the Differences Between Images and Backups?● Full-ECS Image FAQsModified the following content:Adjusted the structure of the document.

2019-09-30 This issue is the sixth official release.Added the following content:● What Do I Do If I Cannot Find a Desired Image?● Image Creation FAQs● Image Sharing FAQs● Image Encryption● How Do I Optimize a System Disk Image So That It Can

Be Used to Create ECSs Quickly?

2019-04-30 This issue is the fifth official release.Added the following content:Why Do I Need to Install and Update VMTools for Windows?Deleted the following content:What Do I Do If I Cannot Create an Image in ZVHD2 FormatUsing an API?

2019-04-09 This issue is the fourth official release.Deleted the following content:What Do I Do If the Provided OS Images Cannot Meet MyRequirement?

2019-03-30 This issue is the third official release.Added the following content:What Do I Do If an Exception Occurs When I Start an ECSCreated from an Image Using the UEFI Boot Mode?Modified the following content:What Changes Will Be Made to an Image File Used forRegistering a Private Image?




2019-02-15 This issue is the second official release.Added the following content:● How Do I Increase the Image Quota?● What Can I Do with a Cloud-Init ECS?

2019-01-10 This issue is the first official release.



Documents

Image Management Service · e A shared image is a private image shared by another user and can be used as your own private image. Low Free You can choose an image as follows: If you