Imerman Final

8/9/2019 Imerman Final

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Cl|{}db Fg{d{g`c C|iml}8 Z=141Y L_FD Fg~ 715

Fdvl C`8 D=/=117/=466

M;/=141/1467 . 14;1

F@\][ @N DQQLDB %FG^GB KG^GVG@C'

@C DQQLDB N]@I [EL EGOE F@\][ @N H\V[GFL

I} H|v{gfl Ldkw

Z=117Y L_EF =1=; %TM'

I} H|v{gfl I`wbdc

Z=117Y L_EF 6;5> %Ndi'

Z=117Y L_EF >; %Ndi'

]`wdb F`|}{v `n H|v{gflV{}dck" B`ck`c" _F=D =BB

Kd{l8 =7/1?/=141

Mln`}l 8

IDV[L] @N [EL ]@BBV

B@]K H\V[GFL I@VLV

dck

B@]K H\V[GFL I\CMW

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Ml{llc 8

4# ]`ml}{ [felco|gx

=# ^gcflc{ [felco|gx

6# [gi IfFbldc

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Fed}blv E`d}k TF" Dc{`cw _eg{l TF dck B`}cd Vjgccl} %gcv{}|f{lk mw E|oelv N`bl}

Fd}}|{el}v' n`} {el Dqqlbbdc{

Hdilv [|}cl} TF dck Kd~gk Vel}m`}cl %gcv{}|f{lk mw _g{el}v BBQ' n`} {el ]lvq`cklc{

Eld}gco kd{lv 8 41"44 . 4= Idw =141

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Dqq}`~lk H|koilc{


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H|koilc{ Dqq}`~lk mw {el f`|}{ n`} edckgco k`c# Gil}idc

B`}k Cl|ml}ol} I]8

4# [egv gv {el h|koilc{ `n {el f`|}{ {` egfe dbb iliml}v ed~l v|mv{dc{gdbbw f`c{}gm|{lk#

Gc{}`k|f{`}w

=# [elvl d}l gc{l}b`f|{`}w dqqldbv# [elw d}gvl gc {el f`c{lu{ `n dcfgbbd}w }lbgln

q}`fllkgcov ml{llc ^g~gdc Gil}idc dck Lbgxdml{e [felco|gx Gil}idc# [elw }dgvl

n|ckdilc{dbbw giq }{dc{ t|lv{g`cv gc }lbd{g`c {` {el v`)fdbblk Egbklm}dck}|blv8 vll

Egbklm}dck ~ Egbklm}dckZ477=Y 4 NB] =;;# D q}lbgigcd}w `~l}~gl gbb elbq {`

gklc{gnw {el jlw gvv|lv egfe d}gvl#

6# Nld}gco {ed{ {elg} m}`{el} gc bd `|bk f`cfldb egv dvvl{v" `cl `n I}v Gil}idcv {`

m}`{el}v" q`vvgmbw g{e {el elbq `n `{el}v" dfflvvlk d vl}~l} gc dc `nngfl egfe {elw

ved}lk g{e I} Gil}idc dck f`qglk gcn`}id{g`c dck k`f|ilc{v egfe I} Gil}idc

edk v{`}lk {el}l# N}ì {ed{ id{l}gdb {elw q}gc{lk `|{ lbl~lc ngblv dck edcklk {eli {`

{elg} v`bgfg{`}" I} Xdgdbbd" e` d}}dcolk n`} d md}}gv{l} {` vgn{ {el k`f|ilc{v n`}{e`vl gc }lvqlf{ `n egfe g{ dv {e`|oe{ I} Gil}idc f`|bk fbdgi blodb q}`nlvvg`cdb

q}g~gblol" egfe }lv|b{lk gc vl~lc ngblv `n k`f|ilc{v# I} Xdgdbbd {elc qdvvlk {e`vl

ngblv `c {` _g{el}v" {el v`bgfg{`}v df{gco n`} I}v Gil}idc gc el} kg~`}fl" e` edk

db}ldkw gvv|lk N`}i D" og~gco c`{gfl `n I}v Gil}idcv gc{lc{g`c {` vllj dcfgbbd}w

ngcdcfgdb }lbgln# _g{el}v {elc vlc{ f`qglv `n {el vl~lc ngblv {` {el v`bgfg{`}v df{gco n`}

I} Gil}idc gc {el kg~`}fl q}`fllkgcov#

;# Gc v|iid}w q}`fllkgcov gc {el T|llcv Mlcfe Kg~gvg`c dodgcv{ {el klnlckdc{v e`

edk odgclk dfflvv {` I} Gil}idcv k`f|ilc{v v{`}lk `c {el vl}~l}" Ldkw H `c =? H|bw

=117 }lv{}dgclk {el klnlckdc{v n}ì fìi|cgfd{gco `} kgvfb`vgco {` {eg}k qd}{glv

%gcfb|kgco I}v Gil}idc dck _g{el}v' dcw gcn`}id{g`c f`c{dgclk gc {el k`f|ilc{vdck n}ì f`qwgco `} |vgco dcw `n {el k`f|ilc{v `} gcn`}id{g`c f`c{dgclk {el}lgc# El

dbv` }lt|g}lk {el klnlckdc{v {` edck `~l} dbb f`qglv `n {el k`f|ilc{v {` I} Gil}idc#

[el klnlckdc{v dqqldb#

# [elvl klfgvg`cv kli`cv{}d{l dck idgc{dgc dc dqqd}lc{ f`cnbgf{ ml{llc {el cllk {`

q}lvl}~l I} Gil}idcv }goe{ {` q}`{lf{ {el f`cngklc{gdbg{w `n {el k`f|ilc{v v{`}lk `c

{el vl}~l} dck {` giq`vl vdcf{g`cv n`} |cbdn|b m}ldfelv `n {ed{ }goe{ dck {el cllk {`

lcv|}l {ed{ d h|v{ }lv`b|{g`c `n {el dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov gv dfegl~lk `c {el mdvgv

`n d {}|{en|b dck fìq}lelcvg~l gklc{gngfd{g`c `n {el qd}{glv dvvl{v# Gc ve`}{" I}v

Gil}idc f`c{lckv {ed{ {el bd egfe q}`{lf{v I} Gil}idcv f`cngklc{gdb gcn`}id{g`c

dck k`f|ilc{v ve`|bk wglbk {` {el cllk {` lcv|}l {ed{ el fdcc`{ lvfdql egv {}|lbgdmgbg{w mw f`cfldbgco egv dvvl{v# [el bd ve`|bk" vel vdwv" }lfòcgvl el} }goe{ {`


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{}|{en|b kgvfb`v|}l" l~lc gn {ed{ fdc `cbw ml dfegl~lk mw |cbdn|b il{e`kv# Nld}lk

kgve`clv{w h|v{gnglv vlbn)elbq" l~lc el}l {ed{ vlbn)elbq gv |cbdn|b# I`wbdc H

dfjc`blkolk {egv" Ldkw H kgk c`{# Gn {el klnlckdc{v df{lk |cbdn|bbw" l ed~l {`

f`cvgkl} el{el} {el vqlfgdb }|blv gc id{}gi`cgdb q}`fllkgcov n`} kl{l}igcgco {el

dvvl{v `c {el mdvgv `n egfe }lbgln gv og~lc" dck {el vqlfgdb }`bl `n {el f`|}{ gc {ed{

q}`flvv `n gklc{gngfd{g`c" h|v{gnw {el |cbdn|b ildv|}lv %klvf}gmlk" gc dc d{{liq{ {`kgvd}i" dv vlbn)elbq' {djlc {` `m{dgc {el gcn`}id{g`c dck k`f|ilc{v#

?# [el gvv|lv {e}`c |q mw {elvl d}o|ilc{v d}l vgocgngfdc{" m`{e dv d id{{l} `n q}gcfgqbl

dck gc q}df{gfl# [elw }lt|g}l f`cvgkl}d{g`c `n {el bd `n f`cngklcfl" m`{e gc olcl}db

dck dv ml{llc e|vmdck dck gnl: {el q`l} `n {el f`|}{ {` lufb|kl `} dkig{

}`con|bbw `m{dgclk k`f|ilc{v dck gcn`}id{g`c: dck {el q}`ql} d{{g{|kl egfe {el

f`|}{" dck bdwl}v dk~gvgco qd}{glv" ve`|bk dk`q{ gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov elc

`cl `n {el qd}{glv gv" `} idw ml" f`cfldbgco dvvl{v" `} elc {el `{el} qd}{w idw ed~l

|cbdn|bbw `m{dgclk k`f|ilc{v egfe idw }l~ldb v|fe dvvl{v# _egbl {elvl gvv|lv

gc~`b~l kìlv{gf q`gc{v `n lt|g{w" fìi`c bd" fg~gb q}`flk|}l" dck v{d{|{ }w

f`cv{}|f{g`c" d}{gfblv >" 5" dck 41 `n {el L|}`qldc F`c~lc{g`c `c E|idc ]goe{v %gcv|iid}w {l}iv" {el }goe{ {` d ndg} {}gdb" {el }goe{ {` }lvqlf{ n`} q}g~dfw" dck {el }goe{ {`

n}llkì `n vqllfe" }lvqlf{g~lbw' d}l dbv` lcodolk#

5# _el}l l kgvf|vv {elvl gvv|lv gc }lbd{g`c {` dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov" gc `}kl} {`

luq}lvv `|}vlb~lv fbld}bw dck vgiqbw" l gbb k` v` `c {el mdvgv {ed{ g{ gv {el gnl e`

gv vlljgco dcfgbbd}w }lbgln n}ì {el e|vmdck# _egbl {ed{ gv c`}idbbw {el fdvl" g{ gv c`{

gcn}lt|lc{" dck l v|vqlf{ g{ gbb mlfìl i`}l n}lt|lc{" {ed{ e|vmdckv vllj dcfgbbd}w

}lbgln n}ì g~lv# Vìl{gilv" ldfe idw vllj dcfgbbd}w }lbgln n}ì {el `{el}#

[el }lbl~dc{ ndf{v

7# ^g~gdc Gil}idc dck Lbgxdml{e [felco|gx l}l id}}glk gc =114: g{ dv d vlf`ck

id}}gdol n`} ldfe `n {eli# Ve`}{bw mln`}l {el id}}gdol" I} Gil}idc dfflq{lk dc

gc~g{d{g`c n}ì egv q}`vqlf{g~l m}`{el}v gc bd" ]`ml}{ dck ^gcflc{ [felco|gx" {`

ved}l {elg} B`ck`c `nngfl d{ 45 \qql} O}`v~lc`} V{}ll{ gc Idwndg}# _elc ]`ml}{

[felco|gx }lb`fd{lk egv `nngfl d ve`}{ kgv{dcfl {` Blf`cnglbk E`|vl" F|}x`c V{}ll{" gc

=116" I} Gil}idc i`~lk g{e egi# Gc =11>" ^gcflc{ [felco|gx i`~lk egv `nngfl {`

6< Qd}j Bdcl# N}ì =116 {` Nlm}|d}w =117" I} Gil}idc" {òl{el} g{e egv

liqb`wllv" lch`wlk n}ll |vl `n {el `nngfl vqdfl d{ Blf`cnglbk E`|vl %{el @nngfl'"

dck n}ll |vl `n {el fìq|{l} vwv{li vl}~gco {el @nngfl" {el vwv{li mlgco bgcjlk {`

{ed{ vl}~gco ^gcflc{ [felco|gxv `nngfl gc Qd}j Bdcl#

41# I} Gil}idc edk egv `c qdvv`}k)q}`{lf{lk fìq|{l} %db{e`|oe {el lnngfdfw `n {el

q}`{lf{g`c dqqld}v {` ed~l mllc k|mg`|v' dck egv `c lidgb dff`|c{" dck el" dck egv

liqb`wllv" |vlk egv fìq|{l} n`} egv ql}v`cdb dck m|vgclvv q|}q`vlv" gcfb|kgco gc

f`cclf{g`c g{e fìqdcglv gc egfe el edk d v|mv{dc{gdb gc{l}lv{ dck g{e egv ndigbw

{}|v{v# Dv el jcl" egv fìq|{l} dv v|qq`}{lk mw d vl}~l} %gcfb|kgco d vlqd}d{l

mdfj)|q vwv{li'" {` egfe l vedbb }lnl} olcl}gfdbbw dv {el vl}~l}# M`{e {el @nngfl

dck {el vl}~l} l}l `clk `} bldvlk mw ]`ml}{ [felco|gx" e` {el}ln`}l gc q}df{gfl

edk |c}lv{}gf{lk dfflvv {` {el vl}~l}# G{ dqqld}v bgjlbw {ed{ ^gcflc{ [felco|gx dbv` edk

|c}lv{}gf{lk dfflvv {` {el vl}~l}" egfe vl}~lk egv `nngfl G[ vwv{li dv lbb# M`{e

]`ml}{ dck ^gf{`} [felco|gx l}l dck d}l gc d v|mv{dc{gdb dw `n m|vgclvv" dck I}

dck I}v Gil}idc ldfe dqqld}v {` ed~l mllc gcklqlcklc{bw }gfe#


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44# I}v Gil}idc ql{g{g`clk n`} kg~`}fl `c 61 Klfliml} =115# Vìl vl~lc lljv bd{l}"

I} Gil}idc dv l~gf{lk n}ì {el @nngfl mw ]`ml}{ [felco|gx#

4=# Ildcegbl" `c dm`|{ cgcl `ffdvg`cv" ml{llc > Hdc|d}w dck =; Nlm}|d}w =117"

|cjc`c {` I} Gil}idc" ]`ml}{ [felco|gx" g{e {el q`vvgmbl gc~`b~lilc{ `n I}

IfFbldc %{el q}gcfgqdb G[ idcdol} `n ]=1 B{k" d fìqdcw `clk mw ]`ml}{[felco|gx dck `ql}d{gco `|{ `n Blf`cnglbk E`|vl'" dck I} @mdwkd %dc G[ idcdol}

liqb`wlk mw ]=1 B{k'" dfflvvlk {el vl}~l} dck idkl lblf{}`cgf f`qglv `n lidgbv dck

`{el} k`f|ilc{v v{`}lk mw I} Gil}idc `c egv fìq|{l}" dck elcfl `c {el vl}~l}# El

{elc {``j n|}{el} f`qglv `n {egv id{l}gdb `c ~d}g`|v kgog{db v{`}dol ilkgd" gcfb|kgco

{` \VM ili`}w v{gfjv dck `cl ed}k k}g~l# [el q}lfgvl lu{lc{ `n {el id{l}gdb

gc~`b~lk gv d id{{l} `n kgvq|{l" m|{ g{ dqqld}v {` ed~l mllc ~dv{" {el lt|g~dblc{ `n

ml{llc =# D vgocgngfdc{ t|dc{g{w `n {egv id{l}gdb" f`cvgv{gco `n {e`vl k`f|ilc{v egfe l}l

{e`|oe{ {` ml `n qd}{gf|bd} }lbl~dcfl {` I}v Gil}idc gc dcw dcfgbbd}w }lbgln

q}`fllkgcov" l}l q}gc{lk `|{ dck edcklk `~l} gc lbl~lc bl~l} d}fe ngblv {` I}

Xdgdbbd" e` gcv{}|f{lk d md}}gv{l} {` ludigcl {eli dck }li`~l dcw k`f|ilc{v gc

}lvqlf{ `n egfe g{ dqqld}lk {ed{ I} Gil}idc f`|bk fbdgi q}g~gblol# [egv lul}fgvl

dv fd}}glk `|{ `c 7 Nlm}|d}w =117" dck {el }lidgcgco k`f|ilc{v %{el vl~lc ngblv'l}l f`bbd{lk gc vl~lc bl~l} d}fe ngblv" egfe l}l f`qglk dck qdvvlk `c {` _g{el}v"


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{el v`bgfg{`}v df{gco n`} I}v Gil}idc gc el} kg~`}fl" e` edk db}ldkw og~lc c`{gfl `n

I}v Gil}idcv gcg{gd{g`c `n dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov# @c 45 Nlm}|d}w =117"

_g{el}v vlc{ f`qglv `n {el vl~lc ngblv {` Iv E|oelv `n E|oelv N`bl} Fd}}|{el}v" {el

v`bgfg{`}v df{gco n`} I} Gil}idc gc {el kg~`}fl q}`fllkgcov#

4?# Iv E|oelv edk gcg{gd{lk f`c{df{ g{e Iv Qd}jl} `n _g{el}v gc f`cclf{g c g{e {elkg~`}fl q}`fllkgcov i`}l {edc vl~lc lljv ld}bgl}" `c < Hdc|d}w =117" elc vel

dvjlk {` ml q}`~gklZkY g{e dbb Egbklm}dckk`f|ilc{v# Iv Qd}jl} }lqbglk d lljbd{l}" }dgvgco ~d}g`|v q gc{v" gcfb|kgco d }lfgq}`fdb }lt|lv{ n } Egbklm}dckk`f|ilc{v" dck d v{d{lilc{ {ed{ vel `|bk gvv|l d N`}i D dqqbgfd{g`c }dgvgco I}v

Gil}idcv dcfgbbd}w }lbgln fbdgiv# [el f`}}lvq`cklcfl f`c{gc|lk g{e ldfe v`bgfg{`}

vlljgco dvv|}dcflv {ed{ {el}l `|bk ml c` kgvq`vdb `} f`cfldbilc{ `n dvvl{v mw {el

`{el}v fbglc{# Gc d bl{{l} `n == Hdc|d}w =117" Iv Qd}jl} idkl }lnl}lcfl {` vqlfgngf

dvvl{v `n I} Gil}idc" q}lv|idmbw dv d }lv|b{ `n ed{ vel edk mllc {`bk mw I}v

Gil}idc" mdvlk `c gcn`}id{g`c vel edk mllc og~lc mw ]`ml}{ [felco|gx n`bb`gco

ql}|vdb `n vìl `n {el id{l}gdb `m{dgclk n}ì {el vl}~l}# [egv fd|vlk Iv E|oelv {`

dvj" gc d bl{{l} }g{{lc {el n`bb`gco kdw" q}lfgvlbw e` ZIv Qd}jl} edk fìlY mw{egv gcn`}id{g`c" i`v{ `n egfe gv c`{ d id{{l} `n q|mbgf }lf`}k# Gc {el vdil bl{{l}"

Iv E|oelv }`{l {ed{ I} Gil}idc gbb q}`~gkl d i`v{ elbqn|b dck n|bb N`}i L"

dck luq}lvvlk {el e`ql {ed{ I}v Gil}idc `|bk }lfgq}`fd{l#

45# Iv Qd}jl} kgk c`{ dcvl} Iv E|oelvv }lt|lv{ gc {el =6 Hdc|d}w bl{{l}" v` g{ dv

}lqld{lk mw Iv E|oelv `c 61 Hdc|d}w =117# Gc ndf{" c` dcvl} dv og~lc {` {egv

}lt|lv{ |c{gb 45 Nlm}|d}w =117" elc {el f`qglv `n {el vl~lc ngblv l}l vlc{ {` Iv

E|oelv# [egv blk {` dc gckgocdc{ bl{{l} n}ì Iv E|oelv" vlljgco d n|bb luqbdcd{g`c dv

{` e` {el id{l}gdb gc {el vl~lc ngblv edk mllc `m{dgclk dck {e}ld{lcgco q}`fllkgcov#

Iv Qd}jl} }lqbglk {el clu{ kdw" =? Nlm}|d}w =117" luqbdgcgco {ed{ clg{el} _g{el}v c`}

I}v Gil}idc edk fìigvvg`cZlk `}Y qd}{gfgqd{lZkY gc {el q}`flvv mw egfe {el {eg}kqd}{w e` `m{dgclk {elvl k`f|ilc{v kgk v`" dck }lhlf{Zgco {elY dvvl}{g`c {ed{ {el

df{g`c mw egfe {elw l}l v` `m{dgclk dv gbblodb# Iv Qd}jl} dbv` v{d{lk {ed{ vel edk

kgvfb`vlk f`qglv `n dbb {el vl~lc ngblv g{e egfe vel edk mllc n|}cgvelk#

47# Ildcegbl" c => Nlm}|d}w =117" I} Gil}idc gvv|lk q}`fllkgcov dodgcv{ ]`ml}{ dck

^ggcflc{ [felco|gx" I} IfFbldc" I} @mdwkd" dck I} Xdgdbbd %{el n`|}

klnlckdc{v' gc {el T|llcv Mlcfe Kg~gvg`c# ^d}g`|v gc{l}b f|{ }w dqqbgfd{g`cv dck

`}kl}v l}l idkl }lv{}dgcgco {el klnlckdc{v n}ì |vgco gcn`}id{g`c `m{dgclk n}ì

{el k`f|ilc{v# Gc qd}{gf|bd}" dc gc{l}b`f|{`}w gch|cf{g`c dv o}dc{lk mw Ldkw H `c =1

Id}fe =117 }lv{}dgcgco {el edckgco `~l} {` I}v Gil}idc `} _g{el}v `n d }lq`}{

q}lqd}lk mw {el n`}lcvgf dff`|c{dc{v mdvlk `c gcn`}id{g`c `m{dgclk n}ì {elk`f|ilc{v idkl d~dgbdmbl {` {eli {e}`|oe I} Xdgdbbd#

=1# N } q}lvlc{ q|}q`vlv" {el dqqbgfd{g`c `n flc{}db giq }{dcfl gc {el T|llcv Mlcfe

q}`fllkgcov gv dc dqqbgfd{g`c eld}k mw Ldkw H gc H|cl =117# G{ dv I} Gil}idcv

dqqbgfd{g`c n`} v|iid}w h|koilc{ n`} `}kl}v q}lfb|kgco ldfe `n {el klnlckdc{v n}ì

fìi|cgfd{gco `} kgvfb`vgco {` {eg}k qd}{glv %gcfb|kgco I}v Gil}idc dck _g{el}v'

dcw gcn`}id{g`c f`c{dgclk gc {el k`f|ilc{v" }lv{}dgcgco {el klnlckdc{v n}ì f`qwgco

`} |vgco dcw `n {el k`f|ilc{v `} gcn`}id{g`c f`c{dgclk {el}lgc" dck }lt|g}gco {el

klnlckdc{v {` edck `~l} dbb f`qglv `n {el k`f|ilc{v {` I} Gil}idc# Gc d }lvl}~lk

h|koilc{ `c =? H|bw =117" dn{l} d {e}ll kdw eld}gco" Ldkw H dfflklk {` {ed{

dqqbgfd{g`c# [el ng}v{ dqqldb mln`}l |v gv {el klnlckdc{v fedbblcol {` {ed{ klfgvg`c"

q|}v|dc{ {` ql}igvvg`c o}dc{lk mw {egv f`|}{#


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=4# K|}gco {egv ql}g`k" {el dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov l}l ol{{gco |ckl} dw gc {el

Ndigbw Kg~gvg c# I}v Gil}idc edk gvv|lk el} N`}i D dqqbgfd{g`c" dck ~d}g`|v

kgvq|{lv dck gc{l}b`f|{`}w dqqbgfd{g`cv lcv|lk# @n qd}{gf|bd} }lbl~dcfl n`} q}lvlc{

q|}q`vlv gv dc dqqbgfd{g c mw I} Gil}idc" idkl dv d }lv|b{ `n d }ln|vdb `n Iv

E|oelvv }lt|lv{ {` Iv Qd}jl} n`} {el }l{|}c `n {el vl~lc ngblv# [egv dqqbgfd{g`c dv

n`} }l{|}c `n {el vl~lc ngblv" dck dcw f`qglv idkl {el}l`n" dck n`} dc `}kl} lch`gcgcoI}v Gil}idc dck _g{el}v n}ì |vgco dcw `n {el gcn`}id{g`c `m{dgclk {el}ln}ì#

==# I} Gil}idcv dqqbgfd{g`c fdil `c mln`}l I`wbdc H gc C`~liml} =117" e`" dn{l} d

{e}ll kdw eld}gco" od~l h|koilc{ `c 44 Klfliml} =117" egfe gv {el `{el} klfgvg`c

fedbblcolk mln`}l |v# El klfgklk {ed{ {el vl~lc ngblv ve`|bk ml edcklk mdfj {` I}

Gil}idc n`} {el q|}q`vl `n lcdmbgco egi {` }li`~l dcw id{l}gdb n`} egfe el

fbdgilk q}g~gblol" m|{ {ed{ I} Gil}idc `|bk {elc ed~l {` }l{|}c {el }lidgckl} `n

{el vl~lc ngblv {` I}v Gil}idc n`} |vl mw el} gc f`cclf{g`c g{e {el id{}gi`cgdb

q}`fllkgcov# _g{e {el ql}igvvg`c `n {egv f`|}{" I} Gil}idc dqqldbv dodgcv{ {ed{

klfgvg`c# I}v Gil}idc f}`vv)dqqldbv dodgcv{ {el klfgvg`c" vlljgco %d' i`}l f`c{}`b

`~l} {el q}`flvv mw egfe I} Gil}idc fdc dvvl}{ q}g~gblol" dck %m' d }l~l}vdb `nI`wbdc Hv }ln|vdb {` }lv{}dgc I} Gil}idc n}ì kgvq`vgco `n fl}{dgc ili`}w v{gfjv#

=6# _l ve`|bk v{}lvv `cl `{el} q}`flk|}db id{{l}# @c =7 Hdc|d}w =141 I} Gil}idc dck

I}v Gil}idc ngblk dck lufedcolk {elg} }lvqlf{g~l N`}iv L gc {el dcfgbbd}w }lbgln

q}`fllkgcov# _l liqedvgvl {egv ndf{ mlfd|vl g{ dv `cbw {elc {ed{" |ckl} {el }lbl~dc{

q}`~gvg`cv `n {el Ndigbw Q}`fllkgcov ]|blv 4774 %dv dilcklk'" {el {gil edk fìl n`}

I} Gil}idc {` og~l kgvfb`v|}l `n egv dvvl{v dck kgvfb`v|}l %kgvf`~l}w' `n k`f|ilc{v

dck n`} I}v Gil}idc {` q}`{lv{ d{ dcw gcdklt|dfw gc egv kgvfb`v|}l#

=;# G{ gv f`c~lcglc{ d{ {egv v{dol" ng}v{" {` vl{ `|{ {el }lbl~dc{ qd}{v `n {el Ndigbw

Q}`fllkgcov ]|blv dck" {elc" {` vl{ `|{ ed{ l |ckl}v{dck mw {el Egbklm}dck }|blv"gcfb|kgco `|} dcdbwvgv `n {el f|}g`|v q}`flvv" ed{ l ~lc{|}l {` v|oolv{ gv {el

|cq}gcfgqblk dck cl~l} q}`ql}bw d}{gf|bd{lk q}`flvv" mw egfe ed{ idw q}`ql}bw ml

klvf}gmlk dv {el }|bl gcEgbklm}dck mlfdil {}dcvn`}ilk gc{` {el %~l}w kgnnl}lc{' v`)

fdbblk Egbklm}dck}|blv#

[el Ndigbw Q}`fllkgcov ]|blv

=# Bg~lvlw %n`}il}bw Hlcjgcv' ~ Hlcjgcv Z475


8/49


bdn|bbw `} q}`ql}bw lul}fgvl Zg{vY kgvf}l{g`c Z|ckl} vlf{g`cv =6 dck =; `n {el Df{Y# G{

gv `}{e }liliml}gco {ed{ ed{ {el gnl edk ndgblk {` kgvfb`vl gc {ed{ fdvl" dck ed{

blk {` {el vl{{gco dvgkl `n {el f`cvlc{ dcfgbbd}w }lbgln `}kl} mw {el E`|vl `n B`}kv" dv

{el ndf{ `n el} gc{lcklk }lid}}gdol" c`{ vìl ndgb|}l {` og~l q}`ql} kgvf`~l}w#

=?# [el f`c{lc{ `n dck cllk n`} fìqbgdcfl g{e N }i L d}l }lo|bd{lk mw }|bl =#>4M `n{el Ndigbw Q}`fllkgcov ]|blv# N`}i L }lt|g}lv {el vq`|vl fìqbl{gco g{ {` o` `c `d{e

{ed{ {el gcn`}id{g`c f`c{dgclk gc g{ gv d n|bb" n}dcj" fbld} dck dff|}d{l kgvfb`v|}l `n

iw ngcdcfgdb dck `{el} }lbl~dc{ fg}f|iv{dcflv# [el }|m}gf `c {el ng}v{ qdol `n N`}i

L kldbv g{e m`{e kgvfb`v|}l dck kgvf`~l}w dv n`bb`v8

W`| ed~l d k|{w {` {el f`|}{ {` og~l d n|bb" n}dcj dck fbld}

kgvfb`v|}l `n dbb w`|} ngcdcfgdb dck `{el} }lbl~dc{ fg}f|iv{dcflv

W`| i|v{ d{{dfe k`f|ilc{v {` {el n`}i el}l {elw d}l

vqlfgngfdbbw v`|oe{ dck w`| idw d{{dfe `{el} k`f|ilc{v el}lg{ gv clflvvd}w {` luqbdgc `} fbd}gnw dcw `n {el gcn`}id{g`c {ed{

w`| og~l#

Lvvlc{gdb k`f|ilc{v {ed{ i|v{ dffìqdcw {egv V{d{lilc{" d}l

kl{dgblk gc {el n`}i#

Gc `{el} `}kv" N`}i L gv f`cfl}clk q}gid}gbw g{e kgvfb`v|}l `n gcn`}id{g`c#

Kgvf`~l}w `n k`f|ilc{v gv f`cngclk {` %d' {e`vl egfe N`}i L g{vlbn gklc{gnglv dv

k`f|ilc{v {ed{ i|v{ ml q}`~gklk dck %m' {e`vl egfe d}l clflvvd}w {` luqbdgc `}

fbd}gnw#

=5# Q}`flk|}l gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln fdvlv gv }lo|bd{lk mw {el Ndigbw Q}`fllkgcov ]|blv# ]|bl

=#


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%g~' {` {el ngcdcfgdb q`vg{g`c `n ldfe qd}{w:

%k' lcv|}gco {ed{ g{ gv kldb{ g{e luqlkg{g`|vbw dck ndg}bw:

dck

%l' dbb`{{gco {` g{ dc dqq}`q}gd{l ved}l `n {el f`|}{v}lv`|}flv" egbl {djgco gc{` dff`|c{ {el cllk {` dbb`{ }lv`|}flv

{` `{el} fdvlv#

%6' [el f`|}{ i|v{ vllj {` og~l lnnlf{ {` {el `~l}}gkgco

`mhlf{g~l elc g{

%d' lul}fgvlv dcw q`l} og~lc {` g{ mw {el dcfgbbd}w }lbgln

}|blv: `}

%m' gc{l}q}l{v dcw }|bl#

%;' [el qd}{glv d}l }lt|g}lk {` elbq {el f`|}{ {` n|}{el} {el

`~l}}gkgco `mhlf{g~l#

%


10/49


=7# V` nd} dv gv id{l}gdb n`} q}lvlc{ q|}q`vlv {el }lbl~dc{ }|blv d}l }|blv =#>4M" =#>4K"

=#>4L dck =#>=# ]|bl =#>4M vl{v `|{ {el q}`flk|}l mln`}l {el ng}v{ dqq`gc{ilc{# V` nd}

dv id{l}gdb g{ q}`~gklv dv n`bb`v8

%4' M`{e qd}{glv i|v{" d{ {el vdil {gil" lufedcol g{e

ldfe `{el}" dck ldfe ngbl g{e {el f`|}{" d v{d{lilc{ gc N`}i L"egfe

%d' gv vgoclk mw {el qd}{w e` idkl {el v{d{lilc{:

%m' gv v`}c {` ml {}|l" dck

%f' f`c{dgcv {el gcn`}id{g c dck edv d{{dfelk {` g{ {el

k`f|ilc{v }lt|g}lk mw {ed{ N`}i#

%=' N`}i L i|v{ ml lufedcolk dck ngblk c`{ blvv {edc 64K kldbv g{e {el ng}v{ dqq`gc{ilc{# V` nd} dv id{l}gdb g{ q}`~gklv dv n bb`v8

%4' [el ng}v{ dqq`gc{ilc{ i|v{ ml f`ck|f{lk g{e {el

`mhlf{g~l `n klngcgco {el gvv|lv dck vd~gco f`v{v#

%=' D{ {el ng}v{ dqq`gc{ilc{ {el kgv{}gf{ h|kol

%d' i|v{ kl{l}igcl

%g' {el lu{lc{ {` egfe dcw t|lv{g`cv vlljgco gcn`}id{g`c

|ckl} }|bl =#>4M i|v{ ml dcvl}lk" dck

%gg' ed{ k`f|ilc{v }lt|lv{lk |ckl} }|bl =#>4M i|v{ ml

q}`k|flk"

dck og~l kg}lf{g`cv n`} {el q} k|f{g c `n v|fe n|}{el}k`f|ilc{v dv idw ml clflvvd}w:

%m' i|v{ og~l kg}lf{g`cv dm`|{

%ggg' l~gklcfl {` ml dkk|flk mw ldfe qd}{w

%6' Dn{l} {el ng}v{ dqq`gc{ilc{" d qd}{w gv c`{ lc{g{blk {`

q}`k|f{g`c `n dcw n|}{el} k`f|ilc{v luflq{ gc dff`}kdcfl g{e

kg}lf{g`cv og~lc |ckl} qd}do}dqe %='%d' dm`~l `} g{e {elql}igvvg`c `n {el f`|}{#

%;' D{ dcw v{dol8

%d' d qd}{w idw dqqbw n`} n|}{el} kg}lf{g`cv :

%m' {el f`|}{ idw og~l n|}{el} kg}lf{g`cv

64# ]|bl =#>4L kldbv g{e {el ngcdcfgdb kgvq|{l }lv b|{g`c %NK]' dqq`gc{ilc{# V` nd} dv

id{l}gdb g{ q}`~gklv dv n`bb`v8

%5' D{ {el f`cfb|vg`c `n {el NK] dqq`gc{ilc{" {el f`|}{

idw idjl dc dqq}`q}gd{l f`cvlc{ `}kl}" m|{ `{el}gvl i|v{


12/49


og~l kg}lf{g`cv n`} {el n|{|}l f`|}vl `n {el q}`fllkgcov"

gcfb|kgco" el}l dqq}`q}gd{l" {el ngbgco `n l~gklcfl

6=# ]|bl =#>= kldbv g{e {el v|mv{dc{g~l eld}gco# V` nd} dv id{l}gdb g{ q}`~gklv dv n`bb v8

%;' D{ {el eld}gco `n dc dqqbgfd{g`c n`} dcfgbbd}w }lbgln {elkgv{}gf{ h|kol idw {djl l~gklcfl `}dbbw dck idw d{ dcw v{dol

`n {el q}`fllkgcov" el{el} mln`}l `} k|}gco {el eld}gco" `}kl}

{el d{{lckdcfl `n dcw ql}v`c n`} {el q|}q`vl `n mlgco ludigclk

`} f}`vv)ludigclk dck `}kl} {el kgvfb`v|}l dck gcvqlf{g`c `n

dcw k`f|ilc{ `} }lt|g}l n|}{el} v{d{lilc{v#

%?' Dcw qd}{w idw dqqbw {` {el f`|}{ n`} dc `}kl} {ed{ dcw

ql}v`c k` d{{lck dc dqq`gc{ilc{ %dc gcvqlf{g`c dqq`gc{ilc{'

mln`}l {el f`|}{ dck q}`k|fl dcw k`f|ilc{v {` ml vqlfgnglk `}klvf}gmlk gc {el `}kl}" {el gcvqlf{g`c `n egfe dqqld}v {` {el

f`|}{ {` ml clflvvd}w n`} kgvq`vgco ndg}bw `n {el dqqbgfd{g`c n`}

dcfgbbd}w }lbgln `} n`} vd~gco f`v{v#

]|bl =#>>%;' og~lv {el vdil q`l}v {` {el h|kol elc {el fdvl edv mllc {}dcvnl}}lk

n`} eld}gco mw d h|kol }d{el} {edc d kgv{}gf{ h|kol#

66# Gc }lbd{g`c {` {elvl ]|blv l idjl {` olcl}db `mvl}~d{g`cv# Ng}v{" {ed{ {el ]|blv k`

c`{ q}`~gkl n`} dcw kgvfb`v|}l `n gcn`}id{g`c `} kgvfb`v|}l %kgvf`~l}w' `n k`f|ilc{v

|c{gb d vq`|vl edv b`kolk egv N`}i L# Vlf`ck" dck l~lc i`}l vgocgngfdc{bw" {ed{ {el

q}`flvv `n kgvfb`v|}l %kgvf`~l}w' `n k`f|ilc{v m`{e {elc dck {el}ldn{l} gv fb`vlbw}lo|bd{lk mw {el ]|blv dck" gc dff`}kdcfl g{e {el ]|blv" mw {el f`|}{# Db{e`|oe {el}l

gv d olcl}db dck f`c{gc|gco k|{w {` idjl n|bb kgvfb`v|}l `n dbb }lbl~dc{ gcn`}id{g`c"

{el}l gv" klvqg{l {el k|{w giq`vlk `c {el f`|}{ mw vlf{g`c =< `n {el 47?6 Df{" c` k|{w

`n olcl}db kgvfb`v|}l %kgvf`~l}w' `n k`f|ilc{v `n {el jgck }lt|g}lk gc `}kgcd}w fg~gb

q}`fllkgcov mw {el Fg~gb Q}`flk|}l ]|blv# Dck el}ldv gc `}kgcd}w fg~gb q}`fllkgcov

{el qd}{glv fdc c`}idbbw fe``vl ed{ k`f|ilc{d}w l~gklcfl {` {lckl}" g{ gv {el f`|}{

egfe f`c{}`bv ed{ k`f|ilc{v d}l {` ml kgvfb`vlk dck {lckl}lk mw dw `n l~gklcfl

gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov#

6;# [e|v" h|kolv klfgkgco v|fe dqqbgfd{g cv ed~l d nd} o}ld{l} f`c{}`b {edc {elw ed~l

|ckl} {el FQ] gc c`}idb fg~gb q}`fllkgcov" `~l} egfe k`f|ilc{v ve`|bk `} ve`|bkc`{ ml q}`k|flk gc l~gklcfl#

6


13/49


|ckl} {el v{d{|{ }w `mbgod{g`c giq`vlk mw vlf{g`c =< {` gc~lv{god{l dck kgvf`~l} {el

{}|l lu{lc{ `n {el qd}{glv ngcdcflv" d }`bl klvf}gmlk mw [e`}ql BH dv t|dvg)

gct|gvg{`}gdb8Qd}}d ~ Qd}}d Z=11=Y L_FD Fg~ 455>" Z=116Y 4 NB] 7;=" qd}d Z==Y#

[elEgbklm}dck}|blv

6># _ed{ ed~l mlf`il jc`c dv {el Egbklm}dck }|blv n`}i {el mdvgv `n dk~gfl mw

bdwl}v {` {elg} fbglc{v g{e {el dqqd}lc{ dqq}`~db `n {el h|kolv `n {el Ndigbw

Kg~gvg`c# Gc lvvlcfl fbglc{v d}l lcf`|}dolk {` dfflvv k`f|ilc{v mlb`cogco {` {el

`{el} vq`|vl" el{el} {elw l}l f`cngklc{gdb `} c`{" q}`~gklk n`}fl gv c`{ |vlk# @cfl

dfflvv {` v|fe k`f|ilc{v `} gcn`}id{g`c edv mllc odgclk" {el vq`|vl idw }l{dgc dck

|vl f`qglv" {e`|oe c`{ {el `}gogcdbv" m|{ {e`vl f`qglv ve`|bk ml kgvfb`vlk elc d

t|lv{g`ccdg}l gv vl}~lk" `} ld}bgl} gn lg{el} qd}{w idjlv ed{ edv mlf`il d v{dckd}k

}lt|lv{#

6?# Dc dff|}d{l v{d{lilc{ `n {elEgbklm}dck}|blv dv f|}}lc{bw |ckl}v{``k dv og~lc mw

_d}k BH gc _eg{l ~ _g{el}v BBQ dck Kld}bl Z=117Y L_FD Fg~ 44==" Z=141Y 4 NB]5


14/49


;4# Egbklm}dck ~ Egbklm}dckg{vlbn gv dff`}kgcobw c` d|{e`}g{w n`} {el q}`q`vg{g`c {ed{ d

vq`|vl idw" gc fg}f|iv{dcflv {ed{ `|bk `{el}gvl ml |cbdn|b" {djl" f`qw dck }l{dgc

f`qglv `n f`cngklc{gdb k`f|ilc{v# Gc `{el} `}kv" g{ gv c` d|{e`}g{w n`} {el v`)fdbblk

Egbklm}dck}|blv# _gbv`c BH" e` dv f`|cvlb edk v|fflvvn|bbw d}o|lk gcEgbklm}dck ~

Egbklm}dck{ed{ {el f`|}{ ve`|bk c`{ df{ gc d dw egfe igoe{ dqqld} {` f`ck`cl v|fe

f`ck|f{ %qdol =


15/49


;;# D nl i`c{ev bd{l} _gbv`c H od~l h|koilc{ gc [ ~ [ %Gc{l}flq{g`c `n K`f|ilc{v'Z477;Y = NB] 4156" el}l {el gnl edk vlf}l{bw qe`{`f`qglk ngcdcfgdb k`f|ilc{v

jlq{ mw el} e|vmdck gc {el e`il" `m{dgclk k`f|ilc{v mw m}ldjgco {el k``} `}

gck` `n el} e|vmdckv `nngfl" vf`|}lk d k|v{mgc" `qlclk bl{{l}v dck" `c `cl

`ffdvg`c" vcd{felk egv kgd}w egbv{ el dv gc egv `nngfl# Vel edk kgvfb`vlk v`il m|{

c`{ dbb `n {el f`qglv vel }l{dgclk#

;


16/49


l~gklcfl c` id{{l} e` {elw l}l q}`f|}lk# [el Id{}gi`cgdb

Fd|vlv Df{ 47?6 fdc ml gc~`jlk {` h|v{gnw dkig{{gco {el

l~gklcfl f`c{dgclk gc {el k`f|ilc{v8 m|{ `cl fdcc`{ f`cv{}|l

{el Df{ dv d|{e`}gvgco {el f`iigvvg`c `n {el {`}{v `n {}lvqdvv `}

f`c~l}vg`c# [e|v g{ vlliv {` il {` }lv`}{ {` vlbn)elbq gv {` {djl

d }gvj#

Z


17/49


qd}{gf|bd} {el bd `n {`}{# Dv d ndigbw bdwl} `n q}df{gfdb

kgvq`vg{g c" G ed~l vìl f`cngklcfl {ed{" gc {el dqq}`q}gd{l

fdvl" {elw gbb g{ev{dck {ed{ {lv{# Gn {el vq`|vl %vdw d gnl'

e`" gc fg}f|iv{dcflv `n }ldv`cdmbl k`|m{ dv {` el} e|vmdckv

gbbgcoclvv {` fìqbw g{e egv k|{glv `n kgvfb`v|}l {` {el f`|}{"

m`}}`v v|fe `n egv k`f|ilc{v dv el edv dqqld}lk {` ml f`c{lc{{` bld~l dfflvvgmbl {` el} g{e`|{ el} cllk {` }lv`}{ {` n`}fl"

`|bk {el c {g c `n d bgflcfl clod{l dcw f`cfb|vg c" gn

`{el}gvl dq{" {ed{ vel edk {el}lmw fìig{{lk d {}lvqdvv `}

f`c~l}vg`c gc }lvqlf{ `n {e`vl k`f|ilc{v0 @} `|bk {el bd

q}lnl} {` }lfòcgvl d q|mbgf q`bgfw luflq{g`c {` {el `}kgcd}w

bdv `n {}lvqdvv {` fed{{lbv dck/`} f`c~l}vg`c `n {eli0 V|fe dc

luflq{g`c `|bk ml n`|cklk `c {el `}kv `n v =


18/49


{ed{ {` k` v` gbb dvvgv{ gc q}l~lc{gco `} f|}gco d blvv {edc n}dcj kgvfb`v|}l mw el}

e|vmdck `n egv dvvl{v# _gbv`c BH klvf}gmlk egivlbn dv d ndigbw bdwl} `n q}df{gfdb

kgvq`vg{g`c" m|{ k`lv {ed{ lc{dgb ql}ig{{gco d qd}{w {` `m{dgc dc dk~dc{dol mw vlbn)elbq

gc m}ldfe `n {el bd0


19/49


: dck |q`c {egv o}`|ck G {egcj {el Qbdgc{gnnv {g{bl {` {el

gch|cf{g`c v`|oe{ {` ml kgvfed}olk" n|bbw lv{dmbgvelk#


20/49


kl}g~lv |ckl} {ed{ m}ldfe `n ndg{e dck `n f`c{}df{" dck G {egcj el

fdc odgc c` {g{bl mw g{ {el fdvlv `n [gqqgco ~ Fbd}jl dck

Q}gcfl Dbml}{ ~ V{}dcol vel {ed{ {el lt|g{w q}l~dgbv dodgcv{

qd}{glv kl}g~gco |ckl} {el m}ldfe `n f`c{}df{ `} k|{w#

G{ igoe{ gckllk ml kgnnl}lc{ gn {el Klnlckdc{ dv d q|}fedvl}n`} ~db|l `n {el vlf}l{ g{e`|{ c`{gfl `n dcw `mbgod{g`c dnnlf{gco

g{: dck {el Klnlckdc{v fdvl dv d{{liq{lk {` ml q|{ |q`c {egv

o}`|ck m|{ G k` c`{ {egcj {ed{ {egv ~gl `n {el fdvl fdc d~dgb

egi V` nd} dv {el vlf}l{ gv f`cfl}clk el gv d il}l ~`b|c{ll}

kl}g~gco |ckl} d m}ldfe `n {}|v{ `} `n f`c{}df{#

>1# Q}gcfl Dbml}{ ~ V{}dcol %45;7' 4 Idf . O =< dck I`}gv`c ~ I`d{%454# Idcw `n {el fdvlv `c {el |vl `n f`cngklc{gdb gcn`}id{g`c d}l f`cn|vlk mw {el ndf{ {ed{

{el k`f|ilc{v f`cfl}clk c`{ `cbw f`c{dgc f`cngklc{gdb gcn`}id{g`c m|{ l}l

q}g~gblolk# [ed{ dv {el q`vg{g`c gc `cl `n {el mlv{ jc`c fdvlv `c {el {`qgf" B`}kDvem|}{`c ~ Qdql Z4746Y = Fe ;>7# Gc {ed{ fdvl d {eg}k qd}{w e` edk }lflg~lk {elf`cngklc{gdb dck q}g~gblolk k`f|ilc{ n}ì {el qbdgc{gnnv fbl}j dv }lv{}dgclk n}ì

|vgco g{ dck }lt|g}lk {` edck g{ mdfj {` {el qbdgc{gnn# [el f`|}{ dqq}`dfelk {el fbdgi

`c {el mdvgv {ed{ g{ dv mdvlk `c f`cngklcfl" q}lv|idmbw `c {el vìled{ d}fedgf

mdvgv {ed{ q}g~gblol edk mllc b`v{8 vll Fdbf}dn{ ~ O|lv{Z4575Y 4 TM ?=# GcK|felvv `n D}owbb ~ K|jl `n D}owbbZ47>?Y Fe 61=" \co`lk)[eìdv H o}dc{lk {el

qbdgc{gnn dc gch|cf{g`c {` }lv{}dgc {el klnlckdc{" el} n`}il} e|vmdck" n}ì q|mbgvegco

vlf}l{v `n {el qbdgc{gnn }lbd{gco {` el} q}g~d{l bgnl" ql}v`cdb dnndg}v `} q}g~d{l f`ck|f{"

fìi|cgfd{lk {` {el ng}v{ klnlckdc{ gc f`cngklcfl k|}gco {el v|mvgv{lcfl `n egv

id}}gdol {` {el qbdgc{gnn dck c`{ eg{el}{` idkl q|mbgf q}`ql}{w# El vdgk %qdol 6=='

{ed{8


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{el f`|}{ gc {el lul}fgvl `n g{v lt|g{dmbl h|}gvkgf{g c gbb

}lv{}dgc d m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl gcklqlcklc{bw `n dcw }goe{ d{

bd#

Bd{l} %qdol 666' el dkklk8

dc gch|cf{g`c idw ml o}dc{lk {` }lv{}dgc {el q|mbgfd{g`c `n

f`cngklc{gdb gcn`}id{g`c c`{ `cbw mw {el ql}v`c e` dv d

qd}{w {` {el f`cngklcfl m|{ mw `{el} ql}v`cv gc{` e`vl

q`vvlvvg`c {ed{ gcn`}id{g`c edv giq}`ql}bw fìl#

>6# G[F Ngbi Kgv{}gm|{`}v B{k ~ ^gkl` Lufedcol B{k Z475=Y Fe ;64 dv d fdvl el}l dklnlckdc{ edk o`{ q`vvlvvg`c `n egv `qq`clc{v qdql}v" gcfb|kgco fl}{dgc q}g~gblolk

id{l}gdb" mw d {}gfj# Ed~gco }lnl}}lk {` B`}k Dvem|}{`c ~ Qdql Z4746Y = Fe# ;>7"_d}cl} H %qdol ;65' vdgk {egv8

{ed{ dv c`{ dc gv`bd{lk klfgvg`c m|{ gv gbb|v{}d{g~l `n d olcl}db}|bl {ed{" el}l D edv giq}`ql}bw `m{dgclk q`vvlvvg`c `n d

k`f|ilc{ mlb`cogco {` M" {el f`|}{ gbb" d{ {el v|g{ `n M" `}kl}

D {` }l{|}c {el k`f|ilc{ {` M dck {` klbg~l} |q dcw f`qglv `n g{

{ed{ D edv idkl" dck gbb }lv{}dgc D n}ì idjgco dcw |vl `n

dcw v|fe f`qglv `} `n {el gcn`}id{g`c f`c{dgclk gc {el

k`f|ilc{#

El dkklk %qdol ;;1' {ed{" edk {el qbdgc{gnn dqqbglk gc {gil n`} }lbgln dodgcv{ {el

klnlckdc{ `c {el bgclv `n {ed{ o}dc{lk gc B`}k Dvem|}{`c ~ Qdql Z4746Y = Fe# ;>7" Ged~l bg{{bl k`|m{ {ed{ {elw `|bk ed~l mllc elbk lc{g{blk {` g{#

>;# G{ dv `cbw vìl {lc{w wld}v do` {ed{ {el bd `n f`cngklcfl dv d|{e`}g{d{g~lbw

lu{lcklk {` dqqbw {` fdvlv el}l {el klnlckdc{ edk fìl mw {el gcn`}id{g`c g{e`|{

{el f`cvlc{ `n {el fbdgidc{# [ed{ lu{lcvg`c" egfe edk mllc kgvf|vvlk gc dfdkligf

d}{gfblv" dv lv{dmbgvelk gc {el vqllfe `n B`}k O`nn `n Fegl~lblw gc D{{`}clw Olcl}db

~ O|d}kgdc Clvqdql}v B{k %C` =' Z4771Y 4 DF 417# El vdgk %qdol =54' {ed{

f`cngklcfl f`|bk ml gc~`jlk el}l dc `m~g`|vbw f`cngklc{gdb k`f|ilc{ gv dn{lk mw

dc lblf{}gf ndc `|{ `n d gck` `} gv k}`qqlk gc d q|mbgf qbdfl" dck gv qgfjlk |q

mw d qdvvl})mw#

>


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mdvlk `c igv|vl `n q}g~d{l gcn }id{g c edv mllc ve`le`}clk gc{ {el bd `n

f`cngklcfl#

>># Dv B`}k Qegbbgqvv `mvl}~d{g`c v|oolv{v" {el}l d}l kdcol}v gc f`cnbd{gco {el

kl~lb`qgco bd `n q}g~dfw |ckl} d}{gfbl 5 dck {el {}dkg{g`cdb bd `n f`cngklcfl#

E`l~l}" {el {`|fev{`cl v|oolv{lk mw B`}k Cgfe`bbv `n Mg}jlceldk dck B`}k E`ql `nF}dgoeldk gc Fdiqmlbb" qd}do}dqev Z=4Y" Z5?# Dv v{d{lk gc V{dcblw `c [el Bd `n F`cngklc{gdbg{w8 D ]lv{d{lilc{%=115'" qdol ;"

Fdvlv dvvl}{gco dc `bk ndveg`clk m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl idwlbb ml dkk}lvvlk mw f`cvgkl}gco lv{dmbgvelk d|{e`}g{w

Zel}ldv fYdvlv }dgvgco gvv|lv `n ql}v`cdb q}g~dfw egfe igoe{

lcodol d}{gfbl 5 ### gbb }lt|g}l vqlfgngf n`f|v `c {el fdvl bd `n

{el L|}`qldc F`|}{ `n E|idc ]goe{v#

E`l~l}" og~lc {ed{ {el kìlv{gf bd `c f`cngklc{gdbg{w edk db}ldkw v{d}{lk {`

lcfìqdvv q}g~dfw lbb mln`}l {el 4775 Df{ fdil gc{` n`}fl" dck {ed{" g{e {el 4775

Df{ c` gc n`}fl" q}g~dfw gv v{gbb fbdvvgnglk dv qd}{ `n {el f`cngklc{gdbg{w olc|v" {el bdve`|bk ml kl~lb`qlk dck dqqbglk f`cvgv{lc{bw dck fèl}lc{bw gc m`{e q}g~dfw dck `bk

ndveg`clk f`cngklcfl fdvlv" l~lc gn {elw vìl{gilv idw ed~l kgnnl}lc{ nld{|}lv#

F`cvgv{lcfw dck fèl}lcfl d}l dbb {el i`}l giq`}{dc{ og~lc {el v|mv{dc{gdbbwgcf}ldvlk n`f|v `c {el }goe{ {` q}g~dfw dck f`cngklc{gdbg{w" dck {el f`}}lvq`ckgco

blodb kl~lb`qilc{v gc {egv d}ld" `~l} {el qdv{ {lc{w wld}v#

>5# Gn f`cngklcfl dqqbglv {` d klnlckdc{ e` dk~lc{g{g`|vbw" m|{ g{e`|{ d|{e`}gvd{g`c"

`m{dgcv gcn`}id{g`c gc }lvqlf{ `n egfe el i|v{ ed~l dqq}lfgd{lk {ed{ {el fbdgidc{

edk dc luqlf{d{g`c `n q}g~dfw" g{ i|v{" d n`}{g`}g" lu{lck {` d klnlckdc{ e`gc{lc{g`cdbbw" dck g{e`|{ d|{e`}gvd{g`c" {djlv v{lqv {` `m{dgc v|fe gcn`}id{g`c# G{

`|bk vlli {` |v {` n`bb` {ed{ gc{lc{g`cdbbw `m{dgcgco v|fe gcn`}id{g`c" vlf}l{bw dck

jc`gco {ed{ {el fbdgidc{ }ldv`cdmbw luqlf{v g{ {` ml q}g~d{l" gv g{vlbn d m}ldfe `n

f`cngklcfl# [el c`{g`c {ed{ b``jgco d{ k`f|ilc{v egfe `cl jc`v {` ml f`cngklc{gdb

gv g{vlbn fdqdmbl `n f`cv{g{|{gco dc df{g`cdmbl }`co %dbmlg{ ql}edqv `cbw gc lt|g{w' gvdbv` f`cvgv{lc{ g{e {el klfgvg c `n {el V{}dvm`|}o f`|}{ {ed{ i`cg{ }gco q}g~d{l

{lblqe`cl fdbbv fdc gcn}gcol {el d}{gfbl 5 }goe{v `n {el fdbbl}8 vll F`qbdck ~ \cg{lk

Jgcokì %=11?' =< ME]F =4>#

>7# Gc `|} ~gl" g{ `|bk ml d m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl n`} d klnlckdc{" g{e`|{ {el d|{e`}g{w

`n {el fbdgidc{" {` ludigcl" `} {` idjl" }l{dgc" `} v|qqbw f`qglv {` d {eg}k qd}{w `n" d

k`f|ilc{ e`vl f`c{lc{v d}l" dck l}l %`} `|oe{ {` ed~l mllc' dqq}lfgd{lk mw {el

klnlckdc{ {` ml" f`cngklc{gdb {` {el fbdgidc{# G{ gv `n {el lvvlcfl `n {el fbdgidc{v

}goe{ {` f`cngklc{gdbg{w {ed{ el fdc fe``vl el{el}" dck" gn v`" {` eì dck gc ed{

fg}f|iv{dcflv dck `c ed{ {l}iv" {` }l~ldb {el gcn`}id{g`c egfe edv {el q}`{lf{g`c

`n {el f`cngklcfl# G{ vlliv {` |v" dv d id{{l} `n q}gcfgqbl" {ed{" dodgc gc {el dmvlcfl `ndcw klnlcfl `c {el qd}{gf|bd} ndf{v" d fbdgidc{ e` lv{dmbgvelv d }goe{ `n f`cngklcfl gc


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fl}{dgc gcn`}id{g`c f`c{dgclk gc d k`f|ilc{ ve`|bk ml dmbl {` }lv{}dgc dcw {e}ld{ mw

dc |cd|{e`}gvlk klnlckdc{ {` b``j d{" f`qw" kgv{}gm|{l dcw f`qglv `n" `} {`

fìi|cgfd{l" `} |{gbgvl {el f`c{lc{v `n {el k`f|ilc{ %`} dcw f`qw'" dck dbv` ml dmbl

{` lcn`}fl {el }l{|}c %`} klv{}|f{g`c' `n dcw v|fe k`f|ilc{ `} f`qw# _g{e`|{ {el f`|}{

ed~gco {el q`l} {` o}dc{ v|fe }lbgln" {el gcn`}id{g`c gbb" {e}`|oe {el |cd|{e`}gvlk

df{ `n {el klnlckdc{" lg{el} b`vl g{v f`cngklc{gdb fed}df{l}" `} gbb d{ bldv{ ml d{ }gvj `nk`gco v`# [el fbdgidc{ ve`|bk c`{ ml d{ }gvj" {e}`|oe {el |cd|{e`}gvlk df{ `n {el

klnlckdc{" `n ed~gco {el f`cngklc{gdbg{w `n {el gcn`}id{g`c b`v{" `} l~lc q`{lc{gdbbw

b`v{#

?1# Gc {egv f`cclf{g c" l l}l {djlc {` {el `mvl}~d{g c `n Ldkw H gc _eg{l ~ _g{el}v

BBQZ=115Y L_EF =5=4 %TM'" qd}d Z5Y" {ed{ {el il}l }lflgq{ `n k`f|ilc{v mw {el

v`bgfg{`}v n}ì {elg} fbglc{ dck {elg} f`c{gc|lk }l{lc{g`c gc f`cclf{g`c g{e {el

id{}gi`cgdb q}`fllkgcov vgiqbw fdcc`{ og~l }gvl {` d fd|vl `n df{g`c# Gc `|} ~gl"

{ed{ `mvl}~d{g`c %egfe idw gc dcw l~lc{ ed~l mllc bgig{lk {` d fd|vl `n df{g`c gc

kdidolv' ve`|bk ml {djlc dv dqqbwgco `cbw {` {el }lflgq{ `n k`f|ilc{v mw v`bgfg{`}v

n}ì {elg} fbglc{: n|}{el}" g{ ve`|bk c`{ ml {djlc dv v|oolv{gco {ed{ {el fbdgidc{ f`|bkc`{ }lf`~l} {el k`f|ilc{v n}ì {el v`bgfg{`}v#

?4# [el ndf{ {ed{ {el bd `n f`cngklc{gdbg{w dv lu{lcklk gc Fdiqmlbbn`} {el q|}q`vl `n

og~gco lnnlf{ {` d}{gfbl 5 gc Lcobgve bd" fdcc`{" dv l vll g{" ildc {ed{ {el bd `n

f`cngklc{gdbg{w edv vìle` mllc fg}f|ivf}gmlk gc `{el} }lvqlf{v# [el ndf{ {ed{

igv|vl `n q}g~d{l gcn`}id{g`c edv" dv Ldkw H vdgk gc _eg{l ~ _g{el}v" mlfìl

}lfòcgvlk `~l} {el bdv{ nl wld}v dv d }`co df{g`cdmbl gc Lcobgve bd k`lv c`{

ildc {ed{ {el}l edv {` ml v|fe igv|vl mln`}l d fbdgi n`} m}ldfe `n f`cngklc{gdbg{w fdc

v|ffllk" |cblvv {ed{ dv {el q`vg{g`c mln`}l {el E|idc ]goe{v Df{ 4775 fdil gc{`

n`}fl" egfe g{ dv c`{# %G{ gv `cbw ndg} {` ilc{g c" {ed{ gc _eg{l ~ _g{el}v {el dqqldb

dodgcv{ Ldkw Hv klfgvg`c dv c`{ q|}v|lk `c {el gvv|l `n f`cngklc{gdbg{w8 Z=141YL_FD Fg~ 44==" Z=141Y 4 NB] 5


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lblf{}`cgf" {el ~db|l `n {el kl~gfl `c egfe {el id{l}gdb gv v{`}lk gbb `n{lc dbv` ml

{gcw" `}" el}l g{ gv c`{" {el gcn`}id{g`c %dck dcw dvv`fgd{lk il{dkd{d' fdc ml klbl{lk

dck {el kl~gfl }l{|}clk#

?;# D fbdgi mdvlk `c f`cngklc{gdbg{w gv dc lt|g{dmbl fbdgi# Dff`}kgcobw" {el c }idb

lt|g{dmbl }|blv dqqbw# [e|v" egbl `cl `|bk c`}idbbw luqlf{ d f`|}{ {` o}dc{ {el{wqlv `n }lbgln l ed~l mllc kgvf|vvgco" g{ `|bk ed~l d kgvf}l{g`c el{el} {` }ln|vl

vìl `} dbb v|fe }lbgln `c ndigbgd} lt|g{dmbl q}gcfgqblv# Lt|dbbw" {el q}lfgvl cd{|}l `n

{el }lbgln egfe `|bk ml o}dc{lk i|v{ klqlck `c dbb dvqlf{v `n {el qd}{gf|bd} fdvl8

lt|g{w ndveg`cv {el dqq}`q}gd{l }lbgln {` ng{ {el }goe{v `n {el qd}{glv" {el ndf{v `n {el

fdvl" dck" d{ bldv{ vìl{gilv" {el gkl} il}g{v# M|{" dv l ed~l c`{lk" el}l {el

f`cngklc{gdb gcn`}id{g c edv mllc qdvvlk mw {el klnlckdc{ {` d {eg}k qd}{w" {el

fbdgidc{v }goe{v gbb q}l~dgb dv dodgcv{ {el {eg}k qd}{w" |cblvv el dv d m`cd ngklq|}fedvl} `n {el gcn`}id{g`c g{e`|{ c`{gfl `n g{v f`cngklc{gdb cd{|}l#

?< %Fe': Z=116Y = Dbb L] =# Fìi|cgfd{g`cv egfe d}l f`cfl}clk g{e dc gckg~gk|dbv q}g~d{l bgnl" gcfb|kgco egv

ql}v`cdb ngcdcflv" ql}v`cdb m|vgclvv kldbgcov" dck %q`vvgmbw' egv `{el} m|vgclvv

kldbgcov d}l {el v{|nn `n ql}v`cdb f`cngklc{gdbg{w" dck d}l vqlfgngfdbbw f`~l}lk mw

d}{gfbl 5 `n {el F`c~lc{g c" egfe f`cnl}v {el }goe{ {` }lvqlf{ n`} q}g~dfw dck

luq}lvvbw ilc{g`cv f`}}lvq`cklcfl#

??# Gc {egv fdvl" d{ nd} dv l fdc vll" {el}l gv c` t|lv{g c m|{ {ed{ I} Gil}idc edk dc

luqlf{d{g`c `n q}g~dfw gc }lvqlf{ `n {el idh`}g{w `n egv k`f|ilc{v v{`}lk `c {el

vl}~l}" v` {ed{ gvv|l fdc q}`ql}bw ml dcvl}lk gc egv nd~`|} l~lc d{ {egv gc{l}b`f|{`}w

v{dol# I} [|}cl} TF" dqqld}gco n`} I}v Gil}idc gc {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg`c dqqldb"

}ldbgv{gfdbbw kgk c`{ v|oolv{ `{el}gvl# Dn{l} dbb" {el ~l}w h|v{gngfd{g`c `nnl}lk n`} {eldf{g`cv `n el} m}`{el}v mw I}v Gil}idc dv {el nld} {ed{ I} Gil}idc `|bk vllj {`

idgc{dgc {el vlf}lfw `n {el gcn`}id{g`c egfe vel v`|oe{ mw fbdcklv{gcl ildcv# G{

vlliv fbld} {ed{ i|fe `n {el gcn`}id{g`c f`c{dgclk gc {el k`f|ilc{v dv" d{ bldv{ gc

{el dmvlcfl `n d o``k }ldv`c {` {el f`c{}d}w" f`cngklc{gdb {` I} Gil}idc# Idcw

lidgbv vlc{ {` dck mw dck `c mledbn `n I} Gil}idc" el{el} f`cclf{lk g{e egv

ndigbw `} q}g~d{l bgnl" egv ql}v`cdb dck ndigbw dvvl{v" `} egv m|vgclvv kldbgcov i|v{ ml

`n d q}g~d{l dck f`cngklc{gdb cd{|}l#

?5# E`l~l}" d{ bldv{ gc {el }g{{lc v|migvvg cv idkl `c mledbn `n {el klnlckdc{v gc {el

T|llcv Mlcfe Kg~gvg`c dqqldb" g{ dv f`c{lcklk {ed{" |c{gb I} Gil}idc edk

vqlfgngfdbbw gklc{gnglk {el k`f|ilc{v egfe f`c{dgclk f`cngklc{gdb gcn`}id{g`c" dck{el o}`|ckv n`} fbdgigco f`cngklc{gdbg{w" egv fbdgi gc f`cngklcfl ve`|bk ml }lhlf{lk#


25/49


26/49


ndigbw dvvl{v dck m|vgclvv `} gc~lv{ilc{ dvvl{v# [egv `mvl}~d{g`c dv vdgk {`

v|qq`}{ {el c`{g`c {ed{ {el}l dv" gc lnnlf{" d fìi|cg{w `n gc{l}lv{ ml{llc e|vmdck

dck gnl v|fe {ed{ clg{el} edk }goe{v" `} d{ bldv{ }goe{v `n f`cngklcfl" dodgcv{ {el `{el}#

_l k` c`{ f`cvgkl} {el `mvl}~d{g`c edv dcw mld}gco `c {el gvv|l# [el fdvl dv

f`cfl}clk g{e {el q}`ql} dqq}`dfe {` {el kgv{}gm|{g`c `n dvvl{v dn{l} {el m}ldjk`c

`n d id}}gdol" dck edk c`{egco {` k` g{e {el blodb dck lt|g{dmbl `cl}vegq `} }goe{v`n id}}glk f`|qblv gc{l} vl k|}gco {el id}}gdol# I} M}`clv v|migvvg`c gv dbv`gcf`cvgv{lc{ g{e Md}`clvv Edbl `n ]gfei`ckv v{d{lilc{ %qd}d Z4=6Y' {ed{ Lcobgve

bd v{d}{v n}ì {el q}gcfgqbl `n vlqd}d{l q}`ql}{w k|}gco id}}gdol# Ldfe vq`|vl gv

blodbbw gc f`c{}`b `n egv `} el} q}`ql}{w egbl {el id}}gdol bdv{v# Dck db{e`|oe" dv

vel lc{ `c {` q`gc{ `|{" {el gckg~gk|db gcfìlv `n e|vmdck dck gnl d}l" {wqgfdbbw"

|vlk n`} {el mlclng{ `n {el e`bl ndigbw8

[el}l d}l idcw kgnnl}lc{ dwv `n k`gco {egv" n}ì q``bgco

{elg} e bl gcfìlv" {` q` bgco d q}`q`}{g`c n`} e`|vle`bk

q|}q`vlv" {` `cl idjgco dc dbb`dcfl {` {el `{el}" {` `cl

edckgco `~l} {el e`bl dol qdfjl{ {` {el `{el}#

5=# [el c`{g`c {ed{ d e|vmdck fdcc`{ lch w }goe{v `n f`cngklcfl dv dodgcv{ egv gnl gc

}lvqlf{ `n gcn`}id{g`c egfe `|bk `{el}gvl ml f`cngklc{gdb dv dodgcv{ el} gn {elw

l}l c`{ id}}glk" vlliv {` |v {` ml vgiqbw |cv|v{dgcdmbl# [el gkld {ed{ d e|vmdck dck

d gnl ve`|bk ml }lod}klk dv d vgcobl |cg{ gc bd dv d ngf{g`c egfe {el bd edv mllc

dmdck`cgco n`} d b`co {gil# [e|v" i`}l {edc {` flc{|}glv do`" gc Md}lbb ~ M}``jv

%4?5;' 6 K`|o 6?4" qdol 6?6" B`}k Idcvnglbk FH vdgk {ed{ Z{Yel ndveg`c `n {el {gilv

edv gc{}`k|flk dc db{l}d{g`c" dck c` e|vmdck dck gnl idw" n`} idcw q|}q`vlv" ml

vlqd}d{lk" dck q`vvlvv vlqd}d{l q}`ql}{w" d q}df{gfl |cjc`c {` {el `bk bd# [el bdv{

}lbgf `n {el k`f{}gcl `n {el |cg{w `n e|vmdck dck gnl dv luqb`klk dv {el ngf{g`c g{

dbdwv edk mllc gc Igkbdck Mdcj [}|v{ F` B{k ~ O}llc %C` 6' Z47?7Y Fe ;7># Dck gc] ~ ] Z477=Y 4 DF


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ved}lk id{}gi`cgdb bgnl# [egv" dn{l} dbb" gv ed{ `cl `|bk luqlf{# G{ gv" i`}l`~l}"

giqbgfg{ gc {el q}`{lf{g c egfe d}{gfbl 5 dnn`}kv ldfe vq`|vl gc }lbd{g c {` egv `} el}

ql}v`cdb dck gckg~gk|db q}g~d{l bgnl" gc f`c{}dv{ {` {elg} ved}lk ndigbw bgnl#

5


28/49


[e|v {el gnl igoe{ lbb ml dmbl {` idgc{dgc" dv dodgcv{ el} e|vmdck" {el

f`cngklc{gdbg{w `n el} ql}v`cdb kgd}w `} h`|}cdb" l~lc {e`|oe g{ dv jlq{ ~gvgmbl dck

|cb`fjlk `c el} k}lvvgco {dmbl#

57# M|{ g{ gv giq`}{dc{ {` liqedvgvl {ed{ {el }lbd{g cvegq ml{llc {el qd}{glv dck {el

fg}f|iv{dcflv gc egfe {el gcn`}id{g`c `} k`f|ilc{ gv `m{dgclk gv }lbl~dc{ `cbw {`{el t|lv{g`c dv {` el{el} {el gcn`}id{g`c `} k`f|ilc{ gv {` ml fb`djlk g{e

f`cngklc{gdbg{w# @cfl g{ gv kl{l}igclk {ed{ {el k`f|ilc{ gv q}`ql}bw {` ml }lod}klk dv

f`cngklc{gdb {` `cl vq`|vl m|{ c`{ {` {el `{el}" {el }lbd{g cvegq edv c` n|}{el}

}lbl~dcfl gc }lbd{g`c {` {el }lilkw n`} m}ldfe `n {ed{ f`cngklc{gdbg{w#

Dbblolk m}ldfelv `n {el f}gigcdb bd

71# V` nd} dv f`cfl}cv {el f}gigcdb bd" {el v|}}lq{g{g |v }li`~db `n qdql}v idw"

klqlckgco `n f`|}vl |q`c {el fg}f|iv{dcflv" gc~`b~l `nnlcflv v|fe dv {eln{ `}

m|}obd}w" {e`|oe c`{egco `n {ed{ v`}{ gv dbblolk el}l# M|{ el}l" dv gc {egv fdvl"

gcn`}id{g c gv v|}}lq{g{g`|vbw k`cb`dklk n}ì d fìq|{l}" {el}l idw dbv` mlf}gigcdb `nnlcflv |ckl} {el Fìq|{l} Igv|vl Df{ 4771 dck {el Kd{d Q}`{lf{g`c Df{

4775#

74# @c mledbn `n I} Gil}idc" g{ gv f`c{lcklk {ed{" gc dkkg{g`c {` gcn}gcogco egv }goe{v `n

f`cngklcfl" {el klnlckdc{v" `} vìl `n {eli" gc dfflvvgco egv fìq|{l} }lf`}kv

g{e`|{ egv f`cvlc{" l}l gc m}ldfe `n v{d{|{`}w k|{w |ckl} {el 4775 Df{" dck

fìig{{lk f}gilv |ckl} {el q}`~gvg`cv `n {el 4771 Df{ dck 4775 Df{#

Dbblolk f}gigcdbg{w |ckl} {el 4771 Df{

7=# Vlf{g`c 4%4' `n {el 4771 Df{ q}`~gklv {ed{ g{ gv dc `nnlcfl n`} d ql}v`c {` fd|vl ### dfìq|{l} {` ql}n`}i dcw n|cf{g`c g{e gc{lc{ {` vlf|}l dfflvv {` dcw q}ò}di `} kd{d

elbk gc dcw fìq|{l}" el}l {el dfflvv ### gv |cd|{e`}gvlk dck el jc`v d{ {el

{gil #### {ed{ {ed{ gv {el fdvl# Mw ~g}{|l `n vlf{g`c 4?%='" vlf|}gco dfflvv gcfb|klv

{djgco f`qglv `n dcw kd{d" `} i`~gco dcw kd{d {` dcw v{`}dol ilkg|i" `} |vgco v|fe

kd{d# Vlf{g`c 4?%5' q}`~gklv {ed{ dc df{ gv |cd|{e`}gvlk" gn {el ql}v`c k`gco Zg{Y ### gv

c`{ Zdck k`lv c`{ ed~l {el d|{e`}g{w `nY d ql}v`c e` edv }lvq`cvgmgbg{w n`} {el

fìq|{l} dck gv lc{g{blk {` kl{l}igcl el{el} {el df{ idw ml k`cl#

76# @c {el mdvgv `n {el d}o|ilc{v {ed{ ed~l mllc" }lbd{g~lbw m}glnbw" q}lvlc{lk { |v c {el

gvv|l" {el}l k`lv vlli {` ml d }ldb q`vvgmgbg{w {ed{ {e`vl klnlckdc{v }lvq`cvgmbl n`}

dfflvvgco I} Gil}idcv fìq|{l} }lf`}kv v{`}lk `c {el vl}~l} gc ld}bw =117 l}lo|gb{w `n dc `nnlcfl |ckl} vlf{g`c 4 `n {el 4771 Df{# [el}l idw f`cflg~dmbw ml d

klnlcfl mdvlk `c {el q}`q`vg{g`c {ed{ {elw mlbgl~lk {ed{ {elw edk %`} {ed{ {elw df{|dbbw

edk' d|{e`}g{w {` dfflvv I} Gil}idcv k`f|ilc{v v{`}lk `c vl}~l}" g{egc {el

ildcgco `n {el Df{" mlfd|vl {elw edk" {` egv jc`blkol" qewvgfdbbw |c}lv{}gf{lk

dfflvv {` {el vl}~l}#

7;# G{ gv" gc q}gcfgqbl" |cklvg}dmbl dck" gc q}df{gfl" kgnngf|b{ {` idjl dc |cdimgo|`|v

ngckgco" d{ dc gc{l}b`f|{`}w v{dol gc fg~gb q}`fllkgcov" dv {` el{el} `} c`{ d f}gil

dv fìig{{lk# Gc dkkg{g`c" l~lc gn g{ dv lv{dmbgvelk {ed{ d f}gil edv mllc

fìig{{lk" g{ mw c` ildcv clflvvd}gbw og~lv }gvl {` d fg~gb fd|vl `n df{g c#

Dff`}kgcobw" d{ {egv v{dol" egbl l q}`ql}bw fdc" dck k`" f`cfb|kl {ed{ {el}l gv d }ldbq`vvgmgbg{w {ed{ dc `nnlcfl |ckl} {el 4771 Df{ dv fìig{{lk elc ]`ml}{ [felco|gx


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`m{dgclk f`qglv `n I} Gil}idcv k`f|ilc{v k`cb`dklk n}`i {el vl}~l} gc ld}bw

=117" g{ gv c`{ q`vvgmbl dck c`{ clflvvd}w {` }ldfe d ngcdb f`cfb|vg`c `c {ed{ gvv|l# G{

gv c`{ clflvvd}w mlfd|vl n`} {el q|}q`vlv `n f`cvgkl}gco {el giqdf{ `n I}v#

Gil}idcv dck el} m}`{el}vv|migvvg`cv g{ gv `cbw clflvvd}w {` mld} gc igck {ed{" gn

vel gv f`}}lf{" vel fdc `m{dgc {el dk~dc{dol `n {el }l{lc{g`c `n f`qglv `n {el vl~lc ngblv

c`{g{ev{dckgco {elg} f}gigcdb df{g~g{glv#

Dbblolk m}ldfe `n v{d{|{`}w k|{w |ckl} {el 4775 Df{

7


30/49


Gil}idc f`|bk ed~l dqqbglk {` {el f`|}{ n`} d vld}fe dck vlgxl `}kl} `} d q}lvl}~d{g`c

`}kl} }d{el} {edc el} m}`{el}" `} m}`{el}v" {djgco {el bd gc{` egv" `} {elg}" `c edckv#

411# [el klnlckdc{v bd}olbw {``j {elg} v{dck `c {el d}o|ilc{ {ed{ {el id{l}gdb dfflvvlk kgk

c`{ gcfb|kl ql}v`cdb kd{d" og~lc {el cd}}` ildcgco `n {ed{ luq}lvvg`c" db{e`|oe {elw

kgk c`{ f`cflkl dcw `{el} q`gc{v# @c {el mdvgv `n {el d}o|ilc{v l ed~l eld}k" g{ gvfbld} {ed{ I} Gil}idc edv d q`l}n|b fdvl {` {el lnnlf{ {ed{" gc dfflvvgco dck f`qwgco

egv f`iq|{l} }lf`}kv" ]`ml}{ [felco|gx dv gc m}ldfe `n egv v{d{|{`}w k|{w |ckl}

vlf{g`c ;%;' `n {el 4775 Df{" dck {ed{ ^gcflc{ [felco|gx idw dbv` ed~l mllc bgdmbl#

414# M|{ {el}l gv c` cllk {` }lv`b~l {el gvv|l# ]lv b|{g`c `n {el gvv|lv `n f`cngklc{gdbg{w

dck g{v m}ldfe gc {el f`c{lu{ `n dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov idjl g{ |cclflvvd}w {`

}lv`b~l {el vqlfgngf t|lv{g`c `n m}ldfe `n v{d{|{`}w k|{w# G{ gv" e`l~l}" }lbl~dc{ {`

`mvl}~l" h|v{ dv gc }lbd{g`c {` dbblolk f}gigcdbg{w" {ed{ {el t|lv{g`c el{el} {el}l gv d

mdvgv n`} f`ck`cgco |cbdn|b df{g~g{w gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov i|v{ lim}dfl {el

}ldb q`vvgmgbg{w `n f`ck`cgco d m}ldfe `n v{d{|{`}w k|{w#

Dbblolk f}gigcdbg{w |ckl} {el 4775 Df{

41=# Vlf{g`c


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{el Bd `n [`}{v" lk =4" qdol 7< dck gc qd}{gf|bd}[e|}v{`c ~ Fed}blv %4717#

[el }lbl~dcfl `n {elEgbklm}dck}|blv

41># G{ gv d{ {egv q gc{" dck ed~gco o`{ {` {egv v{dol gc {el dcdbwvgv" {ed{ {el q}l~g |vdfflq{dcfl `n d vq`|vlv |cbdn|b f`ck|f{ mw ~g}{|l `n {el dvv|ilk h|}gvq}|klc{gdb

dfflq{dmgbg{w `n {el Egbklm}dck }|blv gc {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg c }lt|g}lv qd}{gf|bd}vf}|{gcw# [el dvv|iq{g`c edv eg{el}{` mllc {ed{" q}`~gklk c` n`}fl gv |vlk" d vq`|vl

idw q}`ng{ n}ì dc |cbdn|b m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl %`} {`}{' {` {el lu{lc{ {ed{" egbv{

vel gbb ml }lt|g}lk {` }l{|}c `}gogcdbv dck kgvfb`vl {el lugv{lcfl `n f`qglv" vel idw

}l{dgc {e`vl f`qglv# [ed{" dn{l} dbb dv {el }|bgco `n I`wbdc H" l~lc {e`|oe el

}lod}klk I}v Gil}idcv mled~g`|} dv mlgco d{ {el lu{}lil lck `n {el }dcol `n

mled~g`|} el edk vllc gc 61 wld}v#

41?# D}l {el f`|}{v {` f`ck`cl {el gbblodbg{w `n vlbn)elbq f`cvgv{gco n m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl

%`} {`}{'" mlfd|vl g{ gv nld}lk {ed{ {el `{el} vgkl gbb g{vlbn mled~l |cbdn|bbw dckf`cfldb {ed{ egfe ve`|bk ml kgvfb`vlk0 [el dcvl}" gc `|} h|koilc{" fdc `cbw ml8

C`#

415# [el q}`mbli edv mllc ludfl}md{lk mw {el ndf{ {ed{ {el ndigbw f`|}{v ed~l mllc ndflk

g{e {el ndg{ dffìqbg {ed{ {el gnl edv }l{dgclk f`qglv `n |cbdn|bbw `m{dgclkgcn`}id{g`c `} k`f|ilc{v dck ed~l edk {` f`cvgkl} {el lu{lc{ {` egfe vel igoe{ |vl{eli {` kli`cv{}d{l el} e|vmdckv bdfj `n fdck`|}# [e|v {el t|lv{g`c `n }lilkw n`}

m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl `} {el |cbdn|b f`ck|f{ dv f`cvgkl}lk %gn d{ dbb' gc {el f`c{lu{

`n {el kgve`clv{w `c {el qd}{ `n {el `{el} vq`|vl egfe {ed{ gcn`}id{g`c edk }l~ldblk#

[el ndigbw f`|}{ dv mw {ed{ v{dol |ckl}v{dckdmbw i`}l f`cfl}clk g{e lcv|}gco {ed{

{el vq`|vl o|gb{w `n d{{liq{gco {` f`cfldb egv dvvl{v dv c`{ {` ml dbb`lk {` ol{ ddwg{e g{#

417# M|{ {egv fdvl f`cfl}cv {el bògfdbbw q}g`} t|lv{g`c `n {el dqq}`q}gd{l }lilkw n`}

|cbdn|b df{g~g{w dck m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl mln`}l dcw t|lv{g`c d}gvlv dv {` {el |vl {`

egfe {el gcn`}id{g`c `} k`f|ilc{v igoe{ ml q|{# V` g{ gv {` {ed{ gvv|l {ed{ l c`

{|}c# _l vedbb kldb bd{l} g{e {el t|lv{g`c `n {el |vl %gn dcw'{` egfe v|fe |cbdn|bbw

`m{dgclk gcn`}id{g`c dck k`f|ilc{v fdc ml q|{ gc l~gklcfl#

441# [el}l gv c` k`|m{" dck l d}l ~l}w dbg~l {` {el ndf{" {ed{ {el bdfj `n fdck`|} `c {el

qd}{ `n vq`|vlv kl{l}igclk {` f`cfldb {el {}|l ~db|l `n {elg} dvvl{v n}ì {el f`|}{ gv d

~l}w }ldb q}`mbli" {e`|oe gc {el cd{|}l `n {egcov g{ gv kgnngf|b{ {` t|dc{gnw {el lu{lc{ `n{el q}`mbli# Dn{l} dbb" {el ~l}w lugv{lcfl `n {el v`)fdbblk Egbklm}dck }|blv gv d


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}lfòcg{g`c `n {el vl}g`|vclvv `n {el q}`mbli dck `n {el cllk {` k` vìl{egco dm`|{

g{#

444# GcD}doefegcfeg ~ D}doefegcfeg Z477?Y = NB] 4;=" _d}k BH }lnl}}lk %qdol 4;>' {`8

d fd{lo`}w `n fdvlv egfe idjlv g{v dw }lo|bd}bw {e}`|oe {elkg~`}fl f`|}{v" el}l {el f`|}{ o}dqqblv g{e {el kgve`clv{ dck

kl~g |v e|vmdck kl{l}igclk {` f`cfldb egv dvvl{v dck

kl{l}igclk {` n}|v{}d{l m`{e {el f`|}{ dck {el dqqbgfdc{ vlljgco

dcfgbbd}w }lbgln#

44=# ^l}w }lflc{bw" gc NX ~ VX dck `{el}v Z=141Y L_EF 4>61 %Ndi'" I`v{wc H" e`vqldjv" dv {el h|cg`} q|gvcl h|kol gc {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg`c" g{e {el dk~dc{dol `n {el

i`v{ |q){`)kd{l luql}glcfl `n v|fe q}`mbliv d{ {el Md}" vdgk {egv %qd}d Z51Y'" }lnl}}gco

{` {el q}lvlc{ dqqldbv8

G e`ql ~l}w i|fe {ed{ {el F`|}{ `n Dqqldb gbb c`{ `|{bd {el|vl `n Egbklm}dck id{l}gdb# Gc idcw fdvlv gc egfe G dv

gc~ b~lk elc gc q}df{gfl {el lugv{lcfl `n v|mv{dc{gdb

|ckgvfb`vlk n|ckv" gc vìl fdvlv }|ccgco {` igbbg`cv `n q`|ckv"

dv }l~ldblk mw ~g}{|l `cbw `n {el gnl ed~gco `m{dgclk

Egbklm}dck k`f|ilc{v# M|{ n } {el `m{dgcilc{ `n {el

k`f|ilc{v {el n|ckv `|bk c`{ ed~l mllc n`|ck dck d o}`vv

gcgt|g{w ql}ql{}d{lk `c m`{e {el gnl dck {el f`|}{#

446# Gckllk %qd}d Z5=Y'" el dk~`fd{lk dc lu{lcvg c `n {elEgbklm}dck }|blv" vdwgco {ed{ gcegv ~gl {elw ve`|bk ml lu{lcklk {` d ndigbw fìq|{l} |vlk mw m`{e qd}{glv egfe gv

c { qdvv }k q}`{lf{lk" dkkgco {ed{ k`f|ilc{v `c v|fe d idfegcl fdc mlblog{gid{lbw f`qglk gc {el vdil dw dv k`f|ilc{v bwgco d}`|ck {el eìl# [djgco

f`qglv n}ì v|fe v`|}flv ve`|bk c`{" el vdgk" ml }lod}klk dv d id{{l} `n f}g{gfgvi m|{

dv qd}{ `n {el d}q dck ln{ `n dcfgbbd}w }lbgln bg{god{g`c# El lc{ `c {` fìilc{

{ed{ d gnl e` m}ldjv b`fjv `} m}ldfelv d qdvv`}k `c el} e|vmdckv fìq|{l}

{djlv d fdbf|bd{lk }gvj {ed{ vel gbb ml q}l~lc{lk n}ì |vgco {el k`f|ilc{v gc {el

q}`fllkgcov" {e`|oe `mvl}~gco {ed{ c` q}`flvv f`|bk l~l} }li`~l el} jc`blkol `n

ed{ vel edv n`|ck `|{#

44;# G{ dqqld}v fbld} {ed{ {el}l gv }ldb f`cfl}c di`co h|kolv dck q}df{g{g`cl}v gc {egv nglbk

{ed{ idcw }gfe e|vmdckv d}l kgve`clv{bw egkgco {elg} dvvl{v g{e d ~gl {` d~`gkgco

{elg} }lvq`cvgmgbg{glv#

44


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l~gklcfl n`} {el q|}q`vl `n n|{|}l blodb q}`fllkgcov" fbdgidc{v" `} q`{lc{gdb

fbdgidc{v" vìl{gilv }lv`}{ {` ildv|}lv `n vlbn)elbq" mw f`qwgco" vlgxgco"

`} d{{liq{gco {` dfflvv kgog{db f`qglv `n k`f|ilc{v# [el `{el} qd}{w gc v|fe

d fdvl" gc {egv fdvl {el e|vmdck" edv }goe{v" gcfb|kgco q}g~dfw"

f`cngklc{gdbg{w dck blodb q}`nlvvg`cdb q}g~gblol" gc }lbd{g`c {` }lbl~dc{

k`f|ilc{v# [el }goe{v `n q}g~dfw dck f`cngklc{gdbg{w %m|{ c`{ dcw }goe{ `nq}g~gblol' idw ml `~l}}gkklc mw {el fìql{gco q|mbgf gc{l}lv{ {ed{ dcw {}gdb

ve`|bk ml f`ck|f{lk `c n|bb l~gklcfl el}l {el k`f|ilc{v d}l }lbl~dc{#

M|{ |cblvv d k`f|ilc{ `} gcn`}id{g`c gv }lbl~dc{ {` {el df{|db `} gc{lcklk

q}`fllkgcov gc t|lv{g`c" {el }goe{v `n q}g~dfw dck f`cngklc{gdbg{w gbb c`{ ml

`~l}}gkklc d{ {el gcv{dcfl `n {el q`{lc{gdb `} df{|db fbdgidc{" el}l {el gnl#

[elvl ildv|}lv `n vlbn)elbq {el}ln`}l og~l }gvl {` blodb kgnngf|b{glv#

Z=Y [el kgnngf|b{glv {ed{ ildv|}lv `n vlbn elbq og~l }gvl {` gc {egv f`c{lu{

gcfb|kl {el kdcol} {ed{ {el e|vmdckv }goe{v gbb ml `~l}}gkklc" elc {elw

`|bk c`{ ml `~l}}gkklc gn {el id{{l} edk mllc {el v|mhlf{ `n dc dqqbgfd{g`c

n } d q}lvl}~d{g c `} vld}fe `}kl} idkl {` {el f`|}{# ]goe{v `nf`cngklc{gdbg{w" dck blodb q}`nlvvg`cdb q}g~gblol" ed~l b`co mllc q}`{lf{lk

mw {el fìi`c bd# Ildv|}lv `n vlbn)elbq f`|bk gc {el qdv{ gc~`b~l {el

fìigvvg`c `n fg~gb }`cov" v|fe dv {}lvqdvv" m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl dck

m}ldfe `n f`qw}goe{# Gc {el bdv{ =1 wld}v `} v` {el blodb q}`{lf{g`c `n

gcn`}id{g`c edv mllc o}ld{bw gcf}ldvlk# [egv edv gc bd}ol ildv|}l mllc gc

}lvq`cvl {` {el kl~lb`qilc{ `n fìq|{l}v dck {elg} |vl n`} }k

q}`flvvgco dck vlckgco `n lblf{}`cgf ilvvdolv# [el di`|c{ `n gcn`}id{g`c

{ed{ fdc ml v{`}lk `c d bdq{`q gv ~dv{" dck {lfecgt|lv n`} f`qwgco d}l t|gfj

dck vgiqbl n`} luql}{v# V` {el q`{lc{gdb n}|g{v `n vlbn)elbq d}l `n d kgnnl}lc{

`}kl} n}ì {e`vl `n n`}il} kdwv# [elvl kl~lb`qilc{v ed~l og~lc }gvl {` {el

t|lv{g`c `n {el lu{lc{ {` egfe ildv|}lv `n vlbn)elbq d}l dbv` gc m}ldfe `n

{el f}gigcdb q}`~gvg`cv `n {el bd klvgoclk {` q}`{lf{ {el kd{dmdvlv

f`c{dgclk gc kgog{db n`}i gc fìq|{l}v#

44># _l ed~l fed}df{l}gvlk {el f`ck|f{ gc~`b~lk gc v|fe fdvlv dv |cbdn|b# M|{ ed{ `n

{el d}o|ilc{v" egfe vlli {` ed~l dqqldblk gc _eg{l ~ _g{el}v {` Vlkblw BH dck

_gbv`c BH" {e`|oe c`{ {` _d}k BH" {ed{ v|fe f`ck|f{ gv gc ndf{ bdn|b" lg{el} `c {el

mdvgv `n vìl" dbmlg{ q}l~g`|vbw |c}lfòcgvlk" v|mv{dc{g~l klnlcfl" dv Vlkblw BH q|{

g{" `}" dv _gbv`c BH v|oolv{lk" mlfd|vl `n vìl q|mbgf q`bgfw luflq{g`c n`|cklk `c

{el `}kv `n vlf{g`c =< `n {el 47?6 Df{0

44?# _g{e o}ld{ }lvqlf{ {` m`{e `n {eli l fdcc { do}ll g{e lg{el} Vlkblw BH `} _gbv`c

BH# @c {el f`c{}d}w" l ngck _d}k BHv dcdbwvgv %qd}do}dqev Z6Y' fìqlbbgco#

_l do}ll g{e _d}k BH {ed{ {el v`)fdbblkEgbklm}dck}|blv fdcc`{ gc bd ml h|v{gnglk

`c dcw `n {el mdvlv v|oolv{lk" el{el} `c {el mdvgv `n bdn|b luf|vl" vlbn)elbq `}

q|mbgf gc{l}lv{" `}" gckllk" l `|bk dkk" `c dcw `{el} mdvgv# [el {`}{ `n {}lvqdvv {`

fed{{lbv edv mllc jc`c {` `|} bd vgcfl {el Igkkbl Dolv dck {el bd `n f`cngklcfl

n`} d{ bldv{ =11 wld}v" wl{ c` egc{ `n dcw klnlcflv `n {el jgck c` mlgco v|oolv{lk gv

{` ml n`|ck dcwel}l gc {el m``jv# Vlbn)elbq edv d cd}}` dck hldb`|vbw q`bgflk }`bl

{` qbdw" n`} ludiqbl" gc {el n`}i `n {el }goe{ gc fl}{dgc fg}f|iv{dcflv {` dmd{l d

c|gvdcfl" m|{ g{ gv nd} {`` bd{l {` v|oolv{ {ed{ vlbn)elbq ve`|bk ml lu{lcklk gc{` {el

{l}}g{`}w l d}l el}l f`cfl}clk g{e# Dn{l} dbb" blogvbd{g~l q}ègmg{g`c `n vlbn)elbq"lcn`}flk g{e f}gigcdb qlcdb{glv" kd{lv mdfj {` {el V{d{|{l `n Id}bm`}`|oe `n 4=>?#


34/49


Vlf{g`c 4" egfe gv v{gbb `c {el v{d{|{l m``j" dn{l} q}`~gkgco {ed{ dbb ql}v`cv" dv lbb

`n egoe dv `n b` lv{d{l" vedbb }lflg~l h|v{gfl gc {el Jgcov f`|}{" q}ègmg{v dcw`cl

{djgco }l~lcol `} kgv{}lvv `n egv `c d|{e`}g{w" g{e`|{ dd}k `n {el Jgcov f`|}{

dck q}`~gklv n`} {el q|cgveilc{ `n `nnlckl}v mw ngcl# _l k` c`{ v|oolv{ {ed{ {egv

q}`~gvg c gv kg}lf{bw dqqbgfdmbl gc d fdvl v|fe dv {egv: }d{el} l q`gc{ {` g{ dv

gbb|v{}d{g~l `n {el bdv b`co)v{dckgco d~l}vg`c {` |c}lo|bd{lk vlbn)elbq#

445# V` nd} dv f`cfl}cv {el vqlfgdb }`bl `n {el f`|}{ gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln fdvlv" l dfflq{ {ed{

{el h|}gvkgf{g`c gv gct|gvg{`}gdb dck c`{ q|}lbw dk~l}vd}gdb" v` {ed{ {el lbb)jc`c

`mvl}~d{g`cv `n Bd{`c BH gc Ew{}df F`c~lw`}v B{k ~ F`c~lw`}v Gc{l}cd{g`cdb B{kZ4756Y 4 _B] ;;" qdol ;?" i|v{ ml }ldk gc {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg`c g{e {egv giq`}{dc{

fd~ld{ gc igck# M|{ {egv fdcc`{ ml d h|v{gngfd{g`c n`} }gkgco }`|oeve`k `~l} lv{dmbgvelk

blodb }goe{v c`} n`} ql}ig{{gco d bg{godc{ g{e`|{ vdcf{g`c {` l~dkl mw bdblvv }lf`|}vl

{` vlbn)elbq {el vdnlo|d}kv `n {elDc{`c Qgbbl}%vld}fe `}kl}' h|}gvq}|klcfl %kgvf|vvlk

gc qd}do}dqev Z4=?Y)Z46>Y mlb`'" egfe d}l c`{ il}lbw lcve}gclk gc `|} kìlv{gf

bd m|{ d}l gckllk lvvlc{gdb gn {el}l gv {` ml q}`ql} fìqbgdcfl g{e {el F`c~lc{g`c8

vll Fedqqlbb ~ \cg{lk Jgcokì %4757' 4= LE]] 4#

447# C`}" gc `|} h|koilc{" dck g{e o}ld{ }lvqlf{ {` _gbv`c BH" k` l {egcj {ed{ vlf{g`c =" {el }ldkgclvv `n {el ndigbw f`|}{ gc k}dgco

dqq}`q}gd{lbw vl~l}l dk~l}vl gcnl}lcflv el}l d e|vmdck edv ndgblk {` og~l n|bb dck

n}dcj kgvfb`v|}l# ]lnl}}gco {` N ~ N %Kg~`}fl8 Gcv`b~lcfw8 Dcc|bilc{ `n Mdcj}|q{fw@}kl}' Z477;Y 4 NB] 6


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gc {el q}lvlc{ fdvl" el gv dbi`v{ gc~d}gdmbw `}kl}lk {` qdw {el

`{el}v f`v{v `c {el gcklicg{w mdvgv" {el v{}d{low" klvgoclk

kgve`clv{bw {` }lk|fl egv ngcdcfgdb luq`v|}l {` {el `{el} qd}{w"

|v|dbbw gcv{ldk bldkv {` dc lcbd}olilc{ `n g{#

4=Y)Z4?Y" d fdvl gc~`b~gco ed{ {el h|kol klvf}gmlk dv d

cl{`}j `n `nnve`}l" bd}olbw Bgml}gdc" f`}q`}d{g`cv# El f`c{gc|lk8

C`{egco gv i`}l fdbf|bd{lk {` vl{ {el mlbbv }gcogco gc d

vqlfgdbgv{ bdwl}v igck {edc {` ml ndflk mw v|fe ldb{e

f`c{dgclk g{egc v|fe d v{}|f{|}l# G{ gv klvgoclk dck gc{lcklk {`

ml giqlcl{}dmbl dck elc g{ v|qq`}{v d bd~gve v{dckd}k `n bg~gco

g{ gv gc~d}gdmbw bgjl d }lk }do {` d m|bb#

Gc `}kl} {` q}l~lc{ {el gcv{god{g`c `n dc lued|v{g~lbw vld}fegcolct|g}w" }lvq`cklc{v {` v|fe dqqbgfd{g`cv d}l }lt|g}lk {` ml

n}ì {el `|{vl{ ql}edqv l~lc n|bbl} dck n}dcjl} gc {el luq`v|}l

dck luqbdcd{g`c `n {elg} dvvl{v {edc gc f`c~lc{g`cdb `cve`}l

fdvlv# @{el}gvl vj|bk|ool}w gv gcv{dc{bw q}lv|ilk# Dqqbgfdc{v

h|v{gngdmbw mlbgl~l {ed{ dk~dc{dol gv mlgco {djlc {` egkl dvvl{v

n}ì ~gl di`cov{ fìqblu f`}q`}d{l |ckl}o}`{e# [` mlogc

{el q}`flvv `n kgvfb`v|}l" dv el}l" mw" g{e`|{ i`}l" klcwgco

blodb dck mlclngfgdb `cl}vegq `n dbb)giq`}{dc{ dvvl{v gc {el

fdvl mw ~g}{|l `n v|fe d}}dcolilc{v gv" t|g{l vgiqbw" n``bgve

dck |celbqn|b# Dck `cfl dqqbgfd{g`cv `n {egv jgck ol{ `nn `c {el

}`co n``{ {elw cl~l} }lodgc lt|gbgm}g|i#

4=># C` ~glv idw kgnnl} dv {` e` vgocgngfdc{ d } bl gv qbdwlk gc {egv f`c{lu{ mw

Egbklm}dckk`f|ilc{v %dck {elw l}l" dv l }lfòcgvl" dc giq`}{dc{ nld{|}l gc m`{e

Ide`c dck H ~ ^'# _l dbv` ed~l ~l}w i|fe gc igck ed{ _gbv`c BH" g{e egv ~dv{

luql}glcfl `n v|fe id{{l}v" vdgk gc Fed}idc ~ Fed}idc Z=111>"Z=11>Y 4 _B] 41


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{el v`)fdbblk Egbklm}dck }|blv" gv {el lu{}lil }d}g{w gc {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg`c `n dcw

dqqbgfd{g`c n`} dcDc{`c Qgbbl}`}kl}" vìl{egco egfe gv dbb {el i`}l q|xxbgco og~lc{el }lbd{g~l n}lt|lcfw g{e egfe Id}l~d %n}llxgco' `}kl}v d}l m`{e v`|oe{ dck

o}dc{lk gc {el Kg~gvg`c# Db{e`|oe gc~`b~lk gc idcw fdvlv el}l el `} `{el} h|kolv gc

{el Kg~gvg c edk o}dc{lk d n}llxgco `}kl}" el{el} |ckl} vlf{g`c 6? `n {el

Id{}gi`cgdb Fd|vlv Df{ 47?6 `} vlf{g`c 6? `n {el Vlcg`} F`|}{v Df{ 4754" B`}kH|v{gfl I|cmw fdcc`{ }lfdbb d vgcobl `ffdvg`c k|}gco vìl cgcl wld}v gc {el Kg~gvg`c

elc el dv dvjlk {` idjl dc Dc{`c Qgbbl}`}kl}# Dck I} [|}cl} dck I} E`d}k"

ldfe g{e ~l}w f`cvgkl}dmbl luql}glcfl `n dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}df{gfl" {`bk |v i|fe {el

vdil# Clg{el} edk mllc gc~`b~lk gc i`}l {edc d f`|qbl `n fdvlv el}l Dc{`c Qgbbl}`}kl}v edk mllc lg{el} v`|oe{ `} o}dc{lk#

4=5# Dn{l} dbb" gn vel gv f }}lf{ dck {el}l lugv{v l~gklcfl `n dc gc{lc{g c {` vdb{ ddw dvvl{v

v` dv {` klflg~l {el f`|}{" I}v Gil}idc gv v|}lbw c`{ g{e`|{ }lilkw# Dc giq`}{dc{

dck }lbl~dc{ }lilkw n`} d gnl" l~lc {e`|oe g{ vlliv {` ed~l ndbblc gc{` klv|l{|kl gc

{egv d}ld" gv {el f`|}{v q`l} {` o}dc{ vld}fe dck vlgxl" n}llxgco" q}lvl}~d{g`c" dck

`{el} vgigbd} `}kl}v" {` lcv|}l {ed{ dvvl{v d}l c`{ }`cobw f`cfldblk `} kgvvgqd{lk" dck{ed{ l~gklcfl gv c`{ }`cobw klv{}`wlk `} f`cfldblk# V|fe `}kl}v d}l c`{ gcn}lt|lc{bw

v`|oe{" c`}idbbw g{e`|{ c`{gfl" gc {el T|llcv Mlcfe Kg~gvg c dck Fedcfl}w

Kg~gvg`c" el}l d fbdgidc{ dbblolv" `} edv }ldv`c {` mlbgl~l" {ed{" n`} gcv{dcfl" d

klnlckdc{ gv vlljgco {` idjl egivlbn h|koilc{)q}``n" edv igvdqq}`q}gd{lk i`clw `}

`{el} dvvl{v dck gv gc{lckgco {` f`cfldb `} kgvvgqd{l {el q}`fllkv" edv `m{dgclk

f`cngklc{gdb gcn`}id{g`c n}ì {el fbdgidc{ egfe el gv gc{lckgco {` |vl" edv d}{gfblv

egfe gcn}gcol {el fbdgidc{v gc{lbblf{|db q}`ql}{w }goe{v" `} %qd}{gf|bd}bw ol}idcl

el}l' edv k`f|ilc{v egfe d}l }lbl~dc{ {` d kgvq|{l g{e {el fbdgidc{ egfe

k`f|ilc{v el gc{lckv {` f`cfldb `} klv{}`w# [el}l gv c` }ldv`c ew v|fe `}kl}v

ve`|bk c`{ ml v`|oe{ `} o}dc{lk gc {el vdil dw gc {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg`c gc dcfgbbd}w

}lbgln fdvlv el}l d gnl edv l~gklcfl {ed{ el} e|vmdck gv {e}ld{lcgco {` f`cfldb `}

kgvvgqd{l dvvl{v `} {` f`cfldb `} klv{}`w }lbl~dc{ k`f|ilc{v#

4=7# G{ edv mllc v|oolv{lk {ed{ {el f`|}{ `|bk ml i`}l }lb|f{dc{ {` o}dc{ v|fe `}kl}v gc

{el ndigbw f`c{lu{" mld}gco gc igck {el i`}l li {g`cdbbw fed}olk cd{|}l `n {el

}lbd{g`cvegq ml{llc {el qd}{glv {edc gc {el fìil}fgdb f`c{lu{# _l d}l |cf`c~gcflk

mw {ed{ d}o|ilc{" og~lc {ed{ {el db{l}cd{g~lv {` d f`|}{ `}kl} d}l lg{el} d v{}`co mlbgln

`c {el qd}{ `n {el gnl {ed{ vel gv mlgco kln}d|klk mw el} e|vmdck" `} d e|vmdckv

q}g~d{l }lf`}kv mlgco |cbdn|bbw" l~lc f}gigcdbbw" dck c`}idbbw |ckl}edcklkbw"

dfflvvlk mw {el gnl# [el dqqbgfdmbl q}gcfgqblv" dck {el }lt|g}lilc{v egfe d

fbdgidc{ edv {` vd{gvnw" el}l {el f`|}{ gv gc~g{lk {` o}dc{ }lbgln d}l c` kgnnl}lc{ gc {el

Ndigbw Kg~gvg`c n}ì {e`vl gc {el `{el} {` Kg~gvg`cv `n {el Egoe F`|}{" db{e`|oe" `n

f`|}vl" gc dbb {e}ll Kg~gvg`cv" {el dqqbgfd{g`c `n {el q}gcfgqblv edv {` ml idkl {` {el

ndf{v dck nld{|}lv `n {el qd}{gf|bd} fdvl mln`}l {el f`|}{#

461# _l l}l {djlc {` {e}ll }lq`}{lk fdvlv `c {el q`gc{"Lidc|lb ~ Lidc|lb dck dc`{el}%475=' 6 NB] 647" M|}olvv ~ M|}olvv Z477>Y = NB] 6; dck D}doefegcfeg ~

D}doefegcfeg Z477?Y = NB] 4;=" egfe g{ dv v|oolv{lk gbb|v{}d{lk {el }lb|f{dcfl `n{el h|kolv {` o}dc{ v|fe `}kl}v gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln fdvlv# _l k` c`{ do}ll#

464# Gc Lidc|lb ~ Lidc|lb dck dc`{el} %475=' 6 NB] 647 dc Dc{`c Qgbbl}`}kl} dvidkl mw _``k H `c {el o}`|ckv %qdol 6=?' {ed{ g{ dv dc luflq{g`cdb fdvl gc egfe

{el e|vmdck dv fbld}bw }ldkw {` nb`|{ Z{el }lq`}{ igvq}gc{v {el `}k dv nbd|c{Y {el

d|{e`}g{w `n {el f`|}{ dck {` igvbldk g{ gn el {egcjv g{ gv {` egv dk~dc{dol v` {` k`: {el


38/49


c`}idb q}`flvv `n bd dv bgdmbl {` ml }lckl}lk c|od{`}w mlfd|vl {el}l gv d o}d~l

kdcol} {ed{ l~gklcfl gbb ml }li`~lk `} klv{}`wlk# _``k H dkklk {ed{ G fdcc`{

{egcj {ed{ }ldb ed}i gbb ml fd|vlk {` {el Ze|vmdckY n}`i idjgco {el `}kl}" dv {el

`cbw k`f|ilc{v v`|oe{ d}l {e`vl egfe el `|oe{ q}`ql}bw {` q}`k|fl dck" gckllk" {`

ed~l q}`k|flk gc {el qdv{#

46=# G{ dv v|oolv{lk {ed{ {el klfgvg`c n {egv f`|}{ gcD}doefegcfeg ~ D}doefegcfeg Z477?Y

= NB] 4;= kli`cv{}d{lk {ed{" l~lc el}l {el}l dv d v{}`co q}gid ndfgl fdvl n`} dvld}fe dck vlgxl `}kl}" g{ `|bk ml }ln|vlk# _l k` c`{ do}ll g{e {egv dcdbwvgv `n {ed{

klfgvg`c# [el }ldv`c {ed{ ql}liq{`}w }lbgln dv }ln|vlk gc {ed{ fdvl dv %qdol 4;>l)o'

{ed{ g{ dv c`{ clflvvd}w n`} {el k`f|ilc{v gc t|lv{g`c {` ml vlgxlk" dv {el}l dv

dc`{el} dw `n ol{{gco {eli# G{ gv ndg} {` vdw {ed{ {el h|koilc{ `n _d}k BH gc {ed{

qdvvdol" g{e g{v }lnl}lcfl {` {el K}df`cgdc gcc`~d{g`c cd{|}l `n {el `}kl} v`|oe{"

idw ed~l `ql}d{lk {` kgvf`|}dol v|fe dqqbgfd{g`cv#

466# G{ gv dbv` {}|l {ed{" gcM|}olvv ~ M|}olvv Z477>Y = NB] 6;" _dg{l BH v|oolv{lk {ed{ d

vld}fe dck vlgxl `}kl} dv d }d}l ldq`c n`} |vl `cbw gc lu{}lil `} luflq{g`cdbfdvlv# Gn %dv l mlbgl~l' _dg{l BH {el}lmw ildc{ {ed{ v|fe dc `}kl} `|bk }d}lbw ml

v`|oe{ gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov dck ve`|bk `cbw ml v`|oe{ elc g{ dv

q}`q`}{g`cd{l" h|v{ dv gc q}`fllkgcov gc {el T|llcv Mlcfe dck Fedcfl}w Kg~gvg`cv"

{elc l `|bk do}ll# E`l~l}" gn %egfe l k`|m{' el ildc{ {ed{ v|fe `}kl}v ve`|bk

ml i`}l kgnngf|b{ {` `m{dgc gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov {edc gc `}kgcd}w fg~gb

q}`fllkgcov" l `|bk kgvdo}ll#

46;# Gc `|} ~gl" d{ bldv{ gc olcl}db" v|fe dqqbgfd{g`cv ve`|bk ml vl}g`|vbw f`cvgkl}lk

el}l {el}l d}l v|mv{dc{gdb }ldv`cv n`} mlbgl~gco {ed{ d e|vmdck gv f`cfldbgco `}

kgvvgqd{gco dvvl{v" `} gc{lckgco {` f`cfldb `} klv{}`w k`f|ilc{v# Gc v|fe d fdvl"

v|mhlf{ `n f`|}vl {` dcw `{el} ndf{`}v egfe d}l }lbl~dc{" v|fe dv el{el} dc `}kl}"dck gn v` ed{ `}kl}" gv q}`q`}{g`cd{l" d ql}liq{`}w `}kl} {` q}`{lf{ {el gnlv }goe{v

`|bk `n{lc ml h|v{gnglk#

46


39/49


felfjlk" q}lvl}~lk" vlc{ {` _g{el}v" `} |vlk mw I}v Gil}idc" `} l}l {` ml v|mhlf{ {`

vìl `{el} `}kl}" `|bk ed~l mllc kl{l}igclk" v|ql}~gvlk" }lo|bd{lk dck dqq}`~lk

mw {el f`|}{" dck dcw v|fe lul}fgvl" ed~gco mllc dqq}`~lk mw {el f`|}{" `|bk ml

bdn|b" m`{e gc kìlv{gf bd" dck gc {el lwlv `n {el V{}dvm`|}o F`|}{8 Fedqqlbb ~

\cg{lk Jgcokì %4757' 4= LE]] 4# Dv q`gc{lk `|{ mw [|olcked{ H gc B ~ B Z=11?Y

L_EF 4;1 %TM'" Z=11?Y = NB] 4?4" qd}d Z76Y" {egv `|bk ml nd} i`}l vd{gvndf{`}w{edc dc |cd|{e`}gvlk" gclt|g{dmbl" {`}{g`|v" dck t|g{l q`vvgmbw f}gigcdb" dfflvvgco"

f`qwgco" kgvvligcd{g`c dck q}`q`vlk |vl" `n {el k`f|ilc{v" dv edqqlclk gc {egv fdvl

n}ì > Hdc|d}w =117#

46?# [el `mhlf{g c `n {e`vl q}df{gvgco gc {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg c }lbglv `c {el bgflcfl {` feld{

egfe {elEgbklm}dck}|blv vllj {` q}l~lc{# M|{ {el}l gv c` mdvgv n`} dcw vqlfgdb }|blv#

Idcw bg{godc{v gc dbb h|}gvkgf{g`cv d}l k}g~lc mw {elg} o}llk `} `{el} |c`}{ew i`{g~lv

{` bgl dck feld{# [el }|blv" dck {el h|kolv dqqbgfd{g`c `n {el }|blv" i|v{ ml }`m|v{ {`

q}l~lc{ v|fe f`ck|f{# M|{ ed{ v|}lbw fdcc`{ ml dbb`lk gv d vwv{li `n vlbn)elbq

`|{g{e {el bd v` dv {` fg}f|i~lc{ {el }|blv" dck {egv" dn{l} dbb" gv {el ewq`{elvgv |q`c

egfe {elEgbklm}dck}|blv ed~l {` ml h|v{gnglk" n`} `{el}gvl {el }lilkw `|bk ml {`gc~`jl {el dvvgv{dcfl `n {el f`|}{# E` fdc {el bd e` fdc {el h|kolv

f`|c{lcdcfl }lf`|}vl {` vlbn)elbq gc fg}f|iv{dcflv el}l {el f`|}{ g{vlbn klfbgclv {`

df{" dck elc {` k` v` `|bk ml c`{ il}lbw |cq}gcfgqblk m|{ dc |ch|v{gngdmbl gc~dvg`c

`n vìl`clv }goe{v0 Gc {el gcv{dc{ dqqldb I}v Gil}idc dv c`{ lc{g{blk {` {el

f`cngklc{gdb gcn`}id{g`c d{ {el v{dol vel `m{dgclk g{# [el Ndigbw Q}`fllkgcov ]|blv

q}l~lc{lk g{# [el bd n`}mgkv g{# Vel ve`|bk c`{ ml dbb`lk {` `m{dgc dc dk~dc{dol

`~l} el} e|vmdck e`" n`} dbb {el f`|}{ jc`v" `|bk ed~l mllc e`clv{ elc {el {gil

fdil n`} egi {` ml e`clv{" cdilbw d{ {el {gil {el ]|blv }lt|g}lk egi {` kgvfb`vl egv

dvvl{v {e}`|oe N`}i L#

465# [el n`}lcvgf }ldbg{w gv {ed{ {elvl q}`mbliv d}l c`{ |cgt|l {` {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg`c" dq}`q`vg{g c lbb gbb|v{}d{lk mw K|mdg Db|igcg|i F` B{k ~ Db)Dbdg Z4777Y 4 _B]47>;# Gc {ed{ fdvl" f`cngklc{gdb k`f|ilc{v edk mllc `m{dgclk mw q}g~d{l gc~lv{god{`}

dolc{v idjgco v`)fdbblk q}l{lu{ fdbbv {` mdcjv gc fg}f|iv{dcflv el}l {el}l dv" dv

{el h|kol elbk" d v{}`co q}gid fdvl `n f}gigcdb `} n}d|k|blc{ f`ck|f{ gc {el `m{dgcgco

`n {el gcn`}id{g`c gc~`b~gco lg{el} m}ldfelv gc Lcobdck `n {el Kd{d Q}`{lf{g`c Df{

475; `} gc Vg{xl}bdck `n g{v mdcjgco vlf}lfw bdv# ]gu H fìilc{lk %qdol 47>7'8

G{ vlliv {` il {ed{ gn gc~lv{god{g~l dolc{v liqb wlk mw

v`bgfg{`}v n`} {el q|}q`vl `n bg{god{g`c l}l ql}ig{{lk {` m}ldfe

{el q}`~gvg`cv `n v|fe v{d{|{lv `} {` gck|bol gc n}d|k `}

giql}v`cd{g`c g{e`|{ dcw f`cvlt|lcfl d{ dbb n`} {el f`ck|f{`n {el bg{god{g`c" {elc {el f`|}{v `|bk ml o`gco nd} {` vdcf{g`c

v|fe f`ck|f{# @n f`|}vl" {el}l gv dbdwv {el vdcf{g`c `n

q}`vlf|{g`cv `} fg~gb v|g{v" dck {e`vl i|v{ dbdwv }lidgc {el

q}gid}w vdcf{g`c n`} dcw m}ldfe `n {el f}gigcdb `} fg~gb bd#

M|{ g{ vlliv {` il {ed{ f}gigcdb `} n}d|k|blc{ f`ck|f{ n`} {el

q|}q`vlv `n dft|g}gco l~gklcfl gc `} n`} bg{god{g`c fdcc`{

q}`ql}bw lvfdql {el f`cvlt|lcfl {ed{ dcw k`f|ilc{v olcl}d{lk

mw `} }lq`}{gco `c v|fe f`ck|f{ dck egfe d}l }lbl~dc{ {` {el

gvv|lv gc {el fdvl d}l kgvf`~l}dmbl dck ndbb `|{vgkl {el

blog{gid{l d}ld `n blodb q}`nlvvg cdb q}g~gblol# G{ gv c`{ dv

{e`|oe {el}l d}l c`{ blog{gid{l d~lc|lv egfe fdc ml v`|oe{


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g{e {el dgk `n {el f`|}{ {` gc~lv{god{l %n`} gcv{dcfl' mdcjgco

k`f|ilc{v# [ed{ dqqd}lc{bw gv {}|l gc Vg{xl}bdck dv lbb# Gc

dcw l~lc{" {el id{l}gdb mlgco gc~lv{god{lk gv |v|dbbw id{l}gdb

egfe ndbbv g{egc {el `{el} qd}{wv q`vvlvvg`c `} f`c{}`b" dck

egfe gc dbb q}`mdmgbg{w el gbb gc k|l f`|}vl ml `mbgolk {`

kgvfb`vl egivlbn# Gc v|fe fg}f|iv{dcflv" g{ k`lv c`{ vlli {` il{` ml {`` o}ld{ dc gc{}|vg`c `c blodb q}`nlvvg`cdb q}g~gblol {`

}lt|g}l {ed{ k`f|ilc{d{g`c v|fe dv gv gc t|lv{g`c gc {egv fdvl

ve`|bk ml kgvfb`vlk# @{el}gvl {el q`vg{g`c `|bk ml {ed{ {el

qd}{w liqb`wgco {el f}gigcdb `} n}d|k|blc{ dolc{ `|bk ed~l g{

lc{g}lbw g{egc egv `c q`l} {` klfgkl egfe `n {el f}gigcdbbw

`} n}d|k|blc{bw dft|g}lk gcn`}id{g c el dv gbbgco {` }lbw `c

dck kgvfb`vl dck egfe el dv c`{# _el}l v|fe d qd}{w gbb ml

dvjgco {el f`|}{ {` idjl gcnl}lcflv n}`i v|fe id{l}gdb" g{ gv

`cbw ndg} {ed{ v|fe id{l}gdb ve`|bk ml vllc dv d e`bl#

Egv dqq}`dfe edv mllc lck`}vlk mw {egv f`|}{ gc Ili`}w F`}q`}d{g`c Qbf ~ Vgke|%C` =' Z=111Y 4 _B] 4;;6 dck gcJ|dg{ Dg}dwv F`}qc ~ G}dtg Dg}dwv F` %C` >'Z=11" Z=11


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4;=# @n f`|}vl d fbdgi n } m}ldfe `n f`cngklc{gdbg{w idw ml klnld{lk mw ve`gco {ed{ {el

k`f|ilc{v `} gcn`}id{g`c }l~ldblk |cbdn|b f`ck|f{ `} gc{lcklk |cbdn|b f`ck|f{ mw

{el fbdgidc{8 vllGv{gb# M|{ gc {el gcv{dc{ dqqldb g{ gv c`{ v|oolv{lk {ed{ {el k`f|ilc{v

{elivlb~lv kgvfb`vl ildv|}lv {djlc {` klnld{ {el gnlv fbdgi# ]d{el} g{ gv {el lu{l}cdb

l~gklcfl `n I} Gil}idcv gc{lc{g`cv dv }l~ldblk {` {el m}`{el}v `c egfe }lbgdcfl gv

qbdflk# Gn {ed{ dv v|nngfglc{ {` lv{dmbgve v|fe dc gc{lc{g`c {elc I}v Gil}idc ve`|bked~l v`|oe{ d n}llxgco gch|cf{g`c dck/`} d vld}fe `}kl}# G{ `|bk c`{ ed~l mllc `qlc

{` el} {` {djl {el bd gc{` el} `c edckv" dck g{ dv c`{ `qlc {` el} m}`{el} {` k` v`

n`} el} mlclng{# Gn vel edk v|nngfglc{ l~gklcfl {` `m{dgc d vld}fe `}kl} n}ì {el f`|}{"

g{ fdcc`{ ml }goe{ n`} d h|kol lnnlf{g~lbw {` vdcf{g`c el} fìig{{gco d blodb }`co mw

mw)qdvvgco {el f`|}{v q}`flk|}lv dck edfjgco gc{` el} e|vmdckv fìq|{l} }lf`}kv

v{`}lk `c {el vl}~l}# Gn vel kgk c`{ ed~l v|nngfglc{ l~gklcfl {` `m{dgc d vld}fe `}kl}" g{

`|bk ml l~lc i`}l `nnlcvg~l gn d h|kol lnnlf{g~lbw vdcf{g`clk el} %`} el} m}`{el}'

edfjgco gc{` el} e|vmdckv fìq|{l} }lf`}kv#

4;6# _l dbv` liqedvgvl {ed{ g{ dv c { `qlc {` el} {` q}l)liq{ f`cvgkl}d{g`c `n {el

e|vmdckv kgvfb`v|}l gc N`}i L# _l ed~l db}ldkw f`cfb|klk {ed{ {el}l d}l c` }|blvegfe kgvqlcvl g{e {el }lt|g}lilc{ {ed{ d vq`|vl `mlwv {el bd# [el `cbw }lilkw

egfe fdc ~gckgfd{l I} Gil}idcv }goe{ {` q}lvl}~l {el f`cngklc{gdbg{w `n egv

k`f|ilc{v dck gcn`}id{g`c |c{gb v|fe {gil dv {el bd }lt|g}lv egi {` idjl n|bb dck

n}dcj kgvfb`v|}l gv {` }lt|g}l I}v Gil}idc {` klbg~l} |q {el f`qglv f`c{dgcgco {el

gcn`}id{g`c vel `m{dgclk q}lid{|}lbw dck |cbdn|bbw#

4;;# G{ gv dbv` }goe{ {` mld} gc igck {ed{ {egv dv dc lu{}lil fdvl `n }`con|b dfflvv {`

f`cngklc{gdb id{l}gdb# C`{ `cbw k`lv g{ vlli t|g{l q`vvgmbl {ed{ {el dfflvvgco `n I}

Gil}idcv k`f|ilc{v gc~`b~lk m}ldfe `n v{d{|{`}w k|{w dck v{d{|{`}w f}gilv |ckl}

{el 4771 dck 4775 Df{v" m|{ g{ {``j qbdfl `c cgcl `ffdvg`cv `|{vgkl {el ndigbw eìl"

d{ egv qbdfl `n m|vgclvv" dck g{ gc~`b~lk d ~dv{ c|iml} `n k`f|ilc{v %{el idh`}g{w `negfe gbb ed~l edk c` mld}gco `c {el dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov" bl{ db`cl {el

Blf`cnglbk E`|vl gvv|l'" egfe l}l {elc lblf{}`cgfdbbw f`qglk" dck" gc idcw fdvlv"

f`qglk `c{` qdql}# I`wbdc H klvf}gmlk {el fdvl dv mlgco d{ {el lu{}lil lck `n {el

}dcol `n mled~g`|} egfe G ed~l vllc k|}gco {el f`|}vl `n {el bdv{ 61 wld}v# _ed{

edqqlclk gc {egv fdvl dv dc gc~dvg`c `n q}g~dfw gc dc |ckl}edck dw dck `c dc

gckgvf}gigcd{l vfdbl#

4;


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{ed{" l ve`|bk liqedvgvl {ed{" gc n|{|}l" {egv ve`|bk c`{ ml vllc dv d o``k }ldv`c n`}

c`{ ed~gco v`|oe{ ql}liq{`}w }lbgln#

N`}i `n }lbgln

4;?# _l ed~l f`cfb|klk {ed{ {el }goe{ `}kl} {` idjl gc }lbd{g`c { {el vl~lc ngblv gv {ed{{elw %{òl{el} g{e dcw f`qglv" el{el} lblf{}`cgf `} qdql}' ve`|bk ml edcklk `~l} {`

I} Gil}idcv v`bgfg{`}v" E|oelv N`bl} Fd}}|{el}v" `c {l}iv {ed{" |cblvv I}v

Gil}idcv v`bgfg{`}v do}ll gc }g{gco" {elw d}l c`{ {` qd}{ g{e dcw `n {e`vl

k`f|ilc{v g{e`|{ {el ql}igvvg`c `n {el f`|}{# V` b`co dv E|oelv N`bl} Fd}}|{el}v

f`c{gc|l {` df{ n`} I} Gil}idc" {elw gbb ml `mbgolk {` {djl }ldv`cdmbl v{lqv {`

f`cvgkl} dck dk~gvl `c dcw k`f|ilc{d{g`c egfe gv q}`~gklk {` {eli" g{e d ~gl {`

lcv|}gco {ed{ {elg} fbglc{ fìqbglv g{e egv kgvfb`v|}l `mbgod{g`cv" el{el} |ckl} {el

]|blv `} q|}v|dc{ {` `}kl}v `n {el f`|}{" dck el{el} gc }lbd{g`c {` dvvl{v `}

k`f|ilc{v# Gc fdvl I} Gil}idc fldvlv {` gcv{}|f{ E|oelv N`bl} Fd}}|{el}v %el{el}

n`} c`}idb `} vgcgv{l} }ldv`cv'" I}v Gil}idc ve`|bk ml lc{g{blk {` jc` {ed{ {elw gbb

ml `mbgolk {` }l{dgc {el qdql}v" |cblvv {el f`|}{ `{el}gvl `}kl}v `} vel `{el}gvldo}llv#

4;5# _l fdcc`{ do}ll g{e I`wbdc H {ed{ I}v Gil}idc" } el} v bgfg{ }v" ve`|bk ml lc{g{blk

{` }l{dgc dcw f`qglv `n dcw qd}{ `n {el vl~lc ngblv# G{ `|bk og~l el} dfflvv {` id{l}gdb

egfe dv f`cngklc{gdb {` I} Gil}idc" dck edk mllc |cbdn|bbw {djlc n}ì egi mw

el} m}`{el} dck v|qqbglk {` el}" gc fg}f|iv{dcflv el}l g{ gv c`{ {el f`|}{ `} I}

Gil}idc" m|{ el} m}`{el}v" e` vlblf{lk {el k`f|ilc{v" el}l {el}l dv c`

fìqlbbgco l~gklcfl {ed{ el dv d~`gkgco egv }lvq`cvgmgbg{glv {` el}" dck el}l vel

gbb ml q}`{lf{lk mw dc `}kl} egfe lcv|}lv {ed{ dbb {el k`f|ilc{v gbb ml q}lvl}~lk

dck gbb }lidgc gc {el q`vvlvvg`c `n I} Gil}idcv v`bgfg{`}v# Gc k|l f`|}vl" g{ idw ml

dqq}`q}gd{l n`} I}v Gil}idc {` dqqbw n`} dc `}kl} {ed{ vìl `n {el k`f|ilc{v mlq}`k|flk {` el} `} {` {el f`|}{" m|{ {el}l gv c` h|v{gngfd{g`c n`} dcw v|fe `}kl} c`#

4;7# [el `}kl} l q}`q`vl vlljv {` dfegl~l d ndg} mdbdcfl" `} d{ bldv{ dv ndg} d mdbdcfl dv

fdc ml dfegl~lk gc {el fg}f|iv{dcflv" ml{llc {` fìql{gco f`cfl}cv# @c {el `cl

edck" {el}l gv `m~g`|v h|v{gfl gc vlljgco {` lbgigcd{l" `} d{ bldv{ {` igcgigvl" {el

mlclng{ {` I}v Gil}idc" dck {el kgvdk~dc{dol {` I} Gil}idc" `n el} mlgco dmbl {`

|vl egv f`cngklc{gdb k`f|ilc{v" egfe vel ve`|bk c`{ ed~l vllc" dck egfe l}l

dfflvvlk dck f`qglk |cbdn|bbw# @c {el `{el} edck" {el}l gv dbv` `m~g`|v h|v{gfl gc

vlljgco {` lcv|}l {ed{ I} Gil}idc fdcc`{ kgvq`vl `n `} egkl k`f|ilc{v egfe el gv

`} idw mlfìl `mbgolk {` q}`k|fl {` {el f`|}{ `} {` I}v Gil}idc |ckl} {el ]|blv `}

q|}v|dc{ {` d f`|}{ `}kl}" dck {ed{ el gbb d{ bldv{ ngck g{ i`}l kgnngf|b{ {` egkl egvdvvl{v %gn {ed{ gv ed{ el edv k`cl `} gc{lckv {` k`'#

4


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4


44/49


k`lv {el cllk {` fd}}w `|{ v|fe d mdbdcfgco lul}fgvl }lt|g}l {ed{ {el fdvl edv {` o` {` d

n|bb {}gdb# G{ k`lv c`{8 E]E Q}gcfl `n _dblv ~ Dvv`fgd{lk Clvqdql}v B{k Z=11>YL_EF


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{` {djl {el ~gl {ed{ I} Gil}idc ve`|bk ml o}dc{lk q}`{lf{g~l }lbgln dodgcv{ {eli

c`{ bldv{ dv {elw od~l egi c` dvv|}dcfl {` {ed{ lnnlf{ elc el v`|oe{ g{#

41# [el vlf`ck gvv|l d}gvlv n}ì I} Gil}idcv {lblqe`cl f`c~l}vd{g`c g{e ^gcflc{

[felco|gx# G{ dv d}o|lk {ed{" gc {el bgoe{ `n ed{ I} Gil}idc vdgk gc {ed{f`c~l}vd{g`c" egv q|}v|g{ `n {el dqqldb dodgcv{ {el Ndigbw Kg~gvg`c `}kl}" dck egv

fbdgi dodgcv{ I} Xdgdbbd gc {el T|llcv Mlcfe q}`fllkgcov" d}l ldfe dc dm|vl `n

q}`flvv#

4>4# [el}l gv c`{egco gc {egv q`gc{# [el vìled{ h`f|bd}" dck d{ {gilv {dv{lblvv" l~lc

`nnlcvg~l" f`c{lc{v `n {el {lblqe`cl f`c~l}vd{g`c d}l vdgk {` ve` {ed{ I} Gil}idc

k`lv c`{ }ldbbw fd}l el{el} {el vl~lc ngblv d}l }l{dgclk mw I}v Gil}idc" `} {ed{ el

`|bk ml q}lqd}lk {` bl{ el} jllq {el ngblv gn `{el} k`f|ilc{v gc el} q`vvlvvg`c l}l

q}`~gklk {` egi# _l dfflq{ {ed{" gn `cl {djlv {el `kk v{d{lilc{" gc {el f`|}vl `n d

b`cogve {lblqe`cl f`c~l}vd{g`c" `|{ `n f`c{lu{" g{ f`|bk ml vdgk {` ve` {ed{ I}

Gil}idc dqqld}lk {` ml ndg}bw }lbdulk dm`|{ {el ndf{ {ed{ egv gnl edk }lflg~lk {elvl~lc ngblv" m|{ {ed{ gv `n c` }lbl~dcfl8 el f`|bk ed~l mllc q|{{gco d m}d~l ndfl `c

{egcov" mb|nngco" `} vlljgco {` giq}`~l egv clo`{gd{gco q`vg{g`c" {` gklc{gnw `cbw vìl

q`vvgmgbg{glv# @cl {egco el dv c`{ k`gco dv og~gco |q egv }goe{ {` q|}v|l {elvl

dqqbgfd{g`cv `} dqqldbv# Vgigbd}bw g}}lbl~dc{ gv {el ndf{ {ed{ el igoe{ ed~l mllc

q}lqd}lk {` {}dkl dcw }goe{ el edk {` `mhlf{ {` I}v Gil}idc |vgco {el vl~lc ngblv gc

}l{|}c n`} egv mlgco og~lc fl}{dgc k`f|ilc{v dck gcn`}id{g`c8 {el ndf{ {ed{ el igoe{

ed~l mllc q}lqd}lk {` vl{{bl egv fbdgi k`lv c`{ ildc {ed{ el ve`|bk c`{ ml dbb`lk {`

q|}v|l g{#

4>=# [el `nnlcvg~l }lid}jv gc {el {lblqe`cl f`c~l}vd{g c }lbd{lk {` I} Xdgdbbd" dck k`

c`{ cllk {` ml }lqld{lk gc {egv h|koilc{# _egbl kgv{dv{ln|b dck }lq}lelcvgmbl" {elw{djl id{{l}v c` n|}{el} lg{el}" dv {elw k` c`{ ol{ cld} lv{dmbgvegco {ed{ {el v`bl

q|}q`vl" `} l~lc `cl `n {el q|}q`vlv" n`} h`gcgco I} Xdgdbbd dv d klnlckdc{ dv c`{

m`cd ngkl#

4>6# [el {eg}k gvv|l f`cfl}cv ed{" d{ bldv{ `c {el ndfl `n g{" gv dc lc{g}lbw vlqd}d{l id{{l}

n}ì {e`vl }dgvlk mw {elvl dqqldbv# G{ gc~`b~lv dc dbblod{g`c mw ]`ml}{ [felco|gx {ed{"

n}d|k|blc{bw dck gc m}ldfe `n ngk|fgd}w k|{w" I} Gil}idc d}}dcolk n`} d fìqdcw

fdbblk _ew{l . Ifjdw {` qdw v|mv{dc{gdb v|iv" n`} vl}~gflv dck `nngfl

dffìi`kd{g`c egfe g{ lch wlk dck `ff|qglk {` d fìqdcw egfe el e bbw

`clk# [egv gv vdgk {` ed~l mllc kgve`clv{ mlfd|vl {el dffìi`kd{g`c gc t|lv{g`c

dv gc {el @nngfl" egfe edk mllc q}`~gklk {` I} Gil}idc mw ]`ml}{ [felco|gx n`}


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c`{egco" dck ]`ml}{ [felco|gx dv jlq{ gc goc`}dcfl `n {el fed}ol idkl {` _ew{l .

Ifjdw#

4>;# [egv v`)fdbblk Blf`cnglbk E`|vl gvv|l gv c` `cbw bg~l gc }lbd{g`c {` f`v{v" dck g{ gv

{el}ln`}l gcdqq}`q}gd{l {` kldb g{e g{ d{ {egv v{dol" db{e`|oe l l}l" vìled{

|clc{e|vgdv{gfdbbw" gc~g{lk {` k` v`# G{ dv ndgc{bw v|oolv{lk {ed{ I} Gil}idcvdbblolk }`co)k`gco gc fed}ogco _ew{l . Ifjdw vìle` q}`~gklk dkkg{g cdb

h|v{gngfd{g`c n`} dfflvvgco egv k`f|ilc{v `c {el vl}~l}# [el}l gv c`{egco gc {ed{

d}o|ilc{# F`cfl}c {ed{ el edk df{lk }`cobw gc fed}ogco d fìqdcw n`} vqdfl egfe

el dv ql}ig{{lk mw ]`ml}{ [felco|gx {` `ff|qw n`} c`{egco" g{e`|{ {lbbgco ]`ml}{

[felco|gx" fdcc`{ mlogc {` h|v{gnw dfflvvgco I} Gil}idcv fìq|{l} }lf`}kv# Gc dcw

l~lc{" {el l~gklcfl v|oolv{v {ed{ g{ dv" d{ mlv{" dc dcfgbbd}w }ldv`c n`} dfflvvgco I}

Gil}idcv }lf`}kv# [el mdvgf l~gklcfl `c {el Blf`cnglbk E`|vl gvv|l dv db}ldkw

d~dgbdmbl {` ]`ml}{ [felco|gx" dck gn %egfe dqqld}v ~l}w |cbgjlbw gckllk' {ed{

l~gklcfl h|v{gnglk d ql}liq{`}w vld}fe `n I} Gil}idcv }lf`}kv" dc dqqbgfd{g`c n`} d

vld}fe `}kl} f`|bk ed~l mllc idkl#

4>?# F`|cvlb ve`|bk do}ll n }iv `n `}kl} egfe }lnblf{ {elvl f`cfb|vg`cv#

[el |vl gc f`|}{ `n |cbdn|bbw `m{dgclk gcn`}id{g`c dck k`f|ilc{v

4>5# _l ed~l bln{ |c{gb {egv v{dol f`cvgkl}d{g`c `n {el n|{|}l |vl gc {el dcfgbbd}w }lbgln

q}`fllkgcov `n {el gcn`}id{g`c dck k`f|ilc{v `m{dgclk mw I}v Gil}idc# _l

kgv{gco|gve ml{llc {el k`f|ilc{v %egfe" mlfd|vl `n {el `}kl} l ed~l idkl" vel

gbb c` b`col} ed~l dfflvv {` |cblvv d{ vìl v{dol el} e|vmdck q}`k|flv {eli" lg{el}

~`b|c{d}gbw `} q|}v|dc{ {` dc `}kl} idkl gc {el dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov' dck dcw

}lbl~dc{ gcn`}id{g`c vel idw ed~l" gcfb|kgco m|{ c`{ bgig{lk {` ed{l~l} vel idw ml

dmbl {` }lfdbb `n {el f`c{lc{v `n {el k`f|ilc{v#

4>7# D{ {egv v{dol {el}l gv c` t|lv{g`c `n dcw |vl d{ dbb# G{ gv q}lid{|}l {` f`cvgkl}

|{gbgvd{g`c `n {el gcn`}id{g`c egfe I}v Gil}idc `m{dgclk |c{gb {el {gil n`} egfe{el ]|blv q}`~gkl# [ed{ gv dn{l} el} e|vmdckv N`}i L edv mllc klbg~l}lk dck gn dck


47/49


elc vel gv gc~g{gco {el f`|}{ {` f`cfb|kl {ed{ egv kgvfb`v|}l edv mllc gcdklt|d{l `}

kgve`clv{# D{ {ed{ v{dol I}v Gil}idc igoe{ ml gc d q`vg{g`c {` fedbblcol {el

dklt|dfw `n egv kgvfb`v|}l `c {el mdvgv `n {el gcn`}id{g`c vel edk q}l~g`|vbw vllc gc

k`f|ilc{v vel edv mllc fìqlbblk {` }l{|}c# @n f`|}vl" fìqlbblk dv vel ve`|bk ml {`

}l{|}c f`qglv" el} }lf`bblf{g`c gbb ml gcdklt|d{l# M|{ gn {el}l gv gcn`}id{g`c" egfe

gbb gcfb|kl {el }lf`}kv `n f`c~l}vd{g`cv g{e el} m}`{el}v" {` v|oolv{ gcdklt|d{lkgvfb`v|}l mw el} e|vmdck" {ed{ gv {el {gil vel fdc klqb`w g{# [el}l gv" dv I`v{wc H

q`gc{lk `|{ %gc {el qdvvdol l ed~l fg{lk d{ Z446Y'" c` q}`flvv mw egfe el}

}lf`bblf{g`c `n ed{ vel edv bld}c{ n}ì {el k`f|ilc{v fdc ml }li`~lk# Dck g{ gv

|cbgjlbw {ed{ {el e|vmdck gbb ml dmbl {` }lvgv{ }lbgdcfl mw {el gnl `c v|fe l~gklcfl

il}lbw mw vdwgco {ed{ qd}{ `n {el gcn`}id{g`c vel }lbglv |q`c edk mllc f|bblk n}ì

k`f|ilc{v |cbdn|bbw `m{dgclk#

4?1# Dn{l} dbb" {el |vl gc f`|}{ dv l~gklcfl `n id{l}gdb egfe edv mllc giq}`ql}bw `m{dgclk

%el{el} gc m}ldfe `n f`cngklcfl" {`}{g`|vbw" `} l~lc f}gigcdbbw' gv ql}igvvgmbl"

{e`|oe v|fe |vl idw ml }ln|vlk mw {el f`|}{ `} ql}ig{{lk `cbw `c {l}iv# V|mhlf{ {`

fl}{dgc luflq{g`cv" c`{dmbw gcn`}id{g`c `m{dgclk mw {`}{|}l" {el fìi`c bd k`lv c`{c`}idbbw f`cfl}c g{vlbn g{e {el dw l~gklcfl dv `m{dgclk elc f`cvgkl}gco

dkigvvgmgbg{w8 vll ] ~ VdcoZ4751Y DF ;1=" }lbwgco `c J|}|id ~ [el T|llc Z47


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4?;# G{ vlliv {` |v {ed{" el}l {el f`|}{ gv vd{gvnglk {ed{ d e|vmdck edv k`f|ilc{v egfe

idw ml }lbl~dc{ {` {el gvv|l mln`}l g{" m|{ {ed{ egv gnl edv" gc vìl dw }l{dgclk

f`qglv `n {e`vl k`f|ilc{v vel edv }`cobw `m{dgclk" g{ `|bk ml `qlc {` {el f`|}{ gc

dc dqq}`q}gd{l fdvl {` }ln|vl {` `}kl} {el e|vmdck {` q}`k|fl {el k`f|ilc{v `c {el

o}`|ck {ed{ {` k` `{el}gvl `|bk }lckl} {el dw g{ kldb{ g{e {el dqqbgfd{g`c |cndg}"

l~lc {djgco gc{` dff`|c{ {el ndf{ {ed{ {el k`f|ilc{v f`c{dgc" `} idw f`c{dgc"gcn`}id{g`c egfe gv }lbl~dc{ {` {el q}`fllkgcov# Lt|dbbw" g{ `|bk ml `qlc {` {el

f`|}{ gc dc dqq}`q}gd{l fdvl {` ql}ig{ {el gnl {` og~l l~gklcfl `n {elg} f`c{lc{v dv d

q}lb|kl {` }kl}gco {el e|vmdck {` q}`k|fl {eli" E`l~l}" `c `|} dcdbwvgv `n {el

bd" g{ gv |cbgjlbw {ed{ t|lv{g`cv dv {` |vl n |cbdn|bbw `m{dgclk k`f|ilc{v gbb d}gvl

gc {el n|{|}l# Eg{el}{` {el ndigbw f`|}{v ed~l" dv l ed~l q`gc{lk `|{ d{ Z415Y"

f`cvgkl}lk {el t|lv{g`c `n {el |vl `n |cbdn|bbw `m{dgclk k`f|ilc{v d{ d {gil elc

c` q}g`} dqqbgfd{g`c edv mllc idkl n`} {elg} klbg~l}w |q" db`co g{e dcw f`qglv# C`"

gn l d}l }goe{" mw {el {gil {el f`|}{ fìlv {` f`cvgkl} {el dklt|dfw `n {el e|vmdckv

kgvfb`v|}l dcw }`con|bbw m{dgclk k`f|ilc{v gbb ed~l mllc }l{|}clk# [el t|lv{g`c

n`} {el f`|}{ gbb ml" gc {el n|{|}l" {el lu{lc{ {` egfe {el gnlv }lf`bblf{g`c `n

gcn`}id{g c kl}g~lk n}ì |cbdn|bbw `m{dgclk k`f|ilc{v idw ml klqb`wlk {`lv{dmbgve {el gcdklt|dfw `n el} e|vmdckv kgvfb`v|}l#

4?# G{ `|bk ml v|}q}gvgco gn {el f`|}{ gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov edk c` q`l} {`

lufb|kl l~gklcfl egfe dv f`cngklc{gdb {` {el e|vmdck dck edk mllc }`cobw

`m{dgclk n}ì egv }lf`}kv" e`l~l} `|{}dol`|v {el fg}f|iv{dcflv `n {el `m{dgcgco `n

{el l~gklcfl dck e`l~l} |cndg} `c {el e|vmdck g{ `|bk ml {` dkig{ {el l~gklcfl# G{

`|bk ml dbb {el i`}l v|}q}gvgco gc {el bgoe{ `n {el E|idc ]goe{v Df{ 4775# Dv dv

luqbdgclk mw _d}k BH gcBgnlbw ~ Bgnlbw Z=115Y L_FD Fg~ 71;" gc d fdvl `n {egv {wql"{el klfgvg`c el{el} {` dkig{ `} lufb|kl l~gklcfl gc~`b~lv lgoegco `cl qd}{wv %gc

{egv fdvl" {el gnlv' d}{gfbl > }goe{ {` d ndg} {}gdb g{e dbb {el d~dgbdmbl l~gklcfl"

dodgcv{ {el `{el} qd}{wv %{el e|vmdckv' d}{gfbl 5 }goe{ {` }lvqlf{ n`} q}g~dfw# %G{ idw

dbv` gc~`b~l {el gnlv }goe{ |ckl} D}{gfbl 41 {` vdw ed{ vel dc{v {` vdw" dck {el

e|vmdckv d}{gfbl > }goe{" `c {el mdvgv {ed{ el igoe{ vdw {el {}gdb dv |cndg} gn g{

lu{lcklk {` l~gklcfl egfe edk mllc }`cobw" l~lc gbblodbbw" `m{dgclk n}ì egi'#

4??# Dff`}kgcobw" l f`cvgkl} {ed{" gc dcfgbbd}w }lbgln q}`fllkgcov" egbl {el f`|}{ fdc

dkig{ v|fe l~gklcfl" g{ edv q`l} {` lufb|kl g{ gn |cbdn|bbw `m{dgclk" gcfb|kgco

q`l} {` lufb|kl k`f|ilc{v e`vl lugv{lcfl edv `cbw mllc lv{dmbgvelk mw |cbdn|b

ildcv# Gc lul}fgvgco {ed{ q`l}" {el f`|}{ gbb ml o|gklk mw ed{ gv clflvvd}w n`}

kgvq`vgco ndg}bw `n {el dqqbgfd{g`c n`} dcfgbbd}w }lbgln `} n`} vd~gco f`v{v" dck gbb

{djl gc{` dff`|c{ {el giq`}{dcfl `n {el l~gklcfl" {el f`ck|f{ `n {el qd}{glv" dck dcw

`{el} }lbl~dc{ ndf{`}v" gcfb|kgco {el c`}idb fdvl idcdolilc{ dvqlf{v# \b{gid{lbw" {egv

}lt|g}lv {el f`|}{ {` fd}}w `|{ d mdbdcfgco lul}fgvl" vìl{egco egfe" l d}l lbb


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dd}l" gv ldvw {` vdw gc olcl}db {l}iv m|{ gv `n{lc ~l}w kgnngf|b{ {` lnnlf{ gc gckg~gk|db

fdvlv gc q}df{gfl#

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