IMMIGRATION

• Open binder – new page - today’s date

• THINK:From where did your ancestors come to America?Pick any ancestor who came here - when?

Immigration

Great Immigration Wave

Today, almost ½ of U.S. population traces roots to European immigrants of 1880 - 1920

The Statue of Liberty“Mother of Exiles”

1883 – Emma Lazarus’s “The New Colossus” was engraved in the pedestal

Emma Lazarus – immigrant and young poet from New York

The New Colossus (engraved on Statue of Liberty 1883) By Emma Lazarus DON’T COPY)

Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;

Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flameIs the imprisoned lightning, and her nameMother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand

Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes commandThe air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.

"Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries sheWith silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,

The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,

I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

America – Land of Immigrants

Ancient tribes – crossed Bering Strait – wandered south

Eur. explorers/settlers: 16th – 17th Cent.

African slaves: 17th – 18th Cent.

Eur. immigrants: 18th- 19th Cent.

Asians & Latinos: 20th – 21st Cent.

Immigration and Economics

19th Century (1800’s) – unprecedented immigration from diverse cultures

Causes:Not as much of a need for farmersMore industrial workers to aid the growth of

industry in the U.S.Invention of machinesJobless Europeans seeking factory work in

cities

Immigration and Economics4 out of 5 immigrants settled in industrial cities in the

Northeast

Worked for little money

Jobs:

Steel furnaces

Textiles looms

Railroads

Mines

By the 1920’s the need for immigrant labor had diminished, and the U.S. passed laws restricting immigration. Today, almost ½ the population can trace their roots back to the rush of people who came between 1880 and 1920.

Do NOW!!

Open binder to notes from Mon. – Immigration Wave

Write in your notebook: What are the biggest problems that new immigrants to the US faced (today or back then)?

A Change in the Trends

Earlier immigrants of the 1700’s came from Northern and Western Europe

1800’s saw immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe

Large groups of Jews left Russia to escape religious persecution

Poles, Czechs, Hungarians, and Italians came for poverty relief

Spoke little if any English and were unskilled laborers

The Door Closes• 1920’s – less need for immigrant labor

• “Backlash” against immigrants

• New laws restrict immigration

ImmigrationVocabulary / People

• Jacob Riis: immigrant from Denmark (1870) whose photographs of immigrant life brought social and political reforms that helped the poor

• Carl Schurz: German immigrant, fought for freedom by speaking against slavery and the treatment of Native Americans

Jacob Riis

“A Journey Through Chinatown”

Jacob Riis

“How the Other Half Lives”

Task:• Read chapter 22 “Immigrants Speak” • Respond to the following questions in your

notes (either write or restate question):1. What kind of immigrants did America need in the

1800’s?

2. Explain Schurz’s quote: “If you want to be free, there is but one way. It is to guarantee an equally full measure of liberty to all your neighbors.”

3. How did Schurz make full use of his opportunities in America?

4. What were the two largest immigrant groups to come to the U.S. in the middle of the 19th Century?

5. Refer to the graph on p. 114. What might have caused immigration to rise and fall?

Do NOW!!

• 1st @ table? Take handouts for table• Open binder to show HW – completed Ch.

22 questions #1-5• Compare answers @ table

Map Practicelocate and label the following countries:

Major Emigrating Countries:(Label and Color Green)

IrelandGermanyItalyEnglandSwedenAustriaHungaryCzech RepublicTurkeyRussia

Minor Emigrating Countries:(Label and Color Yellow)

Spain PortugalFranceSwitzerlandBelgiumScotlandNorwayHollandDenmarkBulgariaRomaniaGreece

Do NOW!!

• Open to map handout from Wed.• Discuss @ table:

What do you know - or what have you heard - about immigrants from Mexico?

TASK:

• Read Chapter 23 “ More About Immigrants.”

• Complete web: “Opposition to Immigration”- Find reasons for opposition and groups that opposed immigration

• Write small or use pencil – you may change answer later

Immigration Vocabulary

• Emigrate: leave one’s homeland to settle elsewhere• Immigrant: person who has emigrated• Tenement: overcrowded city apartment buildings where

many immigrants lived• Know-Nothing Party: political party against Catholics

and foreigners• Working Men’s Party: anti-Asian hate group• exploit: to take advantage of• Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882 law that denied Chinese

immigration to the U.S.• Economic depression: period of time with very high

unemployment and little business activity

Opposition to Immigration

Economic Depression of the 1860’s and 1870’s

Competition for jobs

Prejudice, racism and discrimination

Police and city services cost tax money

Schools cost tax money

KKKWorkers “exploited” US by sending their $ home

Political Parties:

Know-Nothing

Workman’s Party

The Immigrant Experience

What they expected What they found

                                                                                                                                

THE IMMIGRANT: THE STRANGER AT OUR GATE. 

EMIGRANT.--Can I come in?UNCLE SAM.--I 'spose you can; there's no law to keep you out.

Yick Wo. vs. Hopkins Vocabulary / People• Ordinance: local law• Naturalized citizen: immigrant who becomes a U.S. citizens• Nativism: policy of favoring people born in the U.S. over

immigrants• Civil court: tries cases one person sues another• Criminal court: tries cases where criminal laws have been broken• Local court: first court that tries civil and criminal cases• State court: listens to appeals from local courts• Supreme Court: highest court, hears appeals from local and state

courts, upholds rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution• Jury: group of citizens who listen to evidence and decide case• Defendant: person on trial• Prosecutor: lawyer representing government in criminal case• Appeal: to take to a higher court if not satisfied with the decision of

a lower court.• Brief: written legal argument• Aliens: people who live in the U.S. but are not citizens• Lee Yick: owner of Chinese laundry whose court case decided the

issues of the rights of aliens and the arbitrary enforcement of laws

The Case of Yick Wo vs. Hopkins

Steps of the Court

Defendant

Who was Lee Yick?

What was his case?

Prosecutor

Who was Hopkins?

What was his case?

Has justice been served?

The Case of Yick Wo vs. Hopkins

Steps of the Court

Defendant

Who was Lee Yick?

What was his case?

Prosecutor

Who was Hopkins?

What was his case?

Arrest

Trial in local court

appeal

Trial in California Supreme Court

Has justice been served?Appeal

Trial in U.S. Supreme Court

Yick Wo vs. HopkinsChapters 24-25

• Do the police have the right to enforce the law arbitrarily?

• Should the law treat aliens the same way that it treats American citizens?

• Do you agree with the decision of the lower court? Explain why.

• Do you agree or disagree with the ruling of the Supreme Court? Explain why.

Immigration Trends Today – Sample Page Set-Up

Puppy Names

Bailey 35%

Buc 35%

Buddy 10%

Tampa 20%

Charlie 10%

Buddy

Bailey

Buc

Mrs. LoMonaco

Periods 3,5,8,9

Source: www.denville.org