Immigration, Progressive Reform,

Suffrage

European Immigrants

• Came through Ellis Island

• 1892-1924 – 17 million immigrants were processed

http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/irish.html

Physical and Mental Test

Asian Immigrants

• Angel Island

• 1910-1940 – 50,000 Chinese Immigrants

Mexican and West Indies (Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico) Immigrants

• El Paso, Texas • 1880-1920 – 260,000 immigrants

African Immigrants

• 300 years of slave trade - 15 million to 20 million Africans were transported to the Americas.

• 400,000 to United States

What is your story?http://www.ancestry.com/facts/Dunne-immigration.ashx http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/videos/index.html

ResearchInterview family members.Dig through family documents, pictures, etc.Research online.

PaperSummarize findings. MUST BE TYPED!!!!!Describe your family. Where are they from? How

far back were you able to go? Any unique stories? Anything surprising about your research?

Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving

Tenement Life

• Run down buildings• Overcrowded- An entire family living in

one room; multiple families living on the same floor

• Little light or ventilation• Horrible sanitation: No garbage pick-up;

no plumbing, smelly• Conditions caused disease that was easily

spread

Dumbbell TenementDumbbell Tenement

Triangle Shirtwaist Co. Fire• 1911- New York City, 10-story building

• Doors locked from the outside

• One fire escape- rusted and collapsed

• Workers jumped to their deaths or perished in the smoke and flames

• 146 workers died

Muckrakers• Derogatory name: “earn their livelihood by telling

scandalous falsehoods about honest men”

• Many brought attention to tragic truth:– Living conditions– Working conditions– Business Practices– Child Labor– Conditions of food processing factories– Corruption in government– Prison Conditions

Municipal (City) Reform

• Cities take over Utilities – Water, gas, electricity– Regulate/eliminate monopolies

• Many cities began providing welfare services– work relief programs, free kindergartens, housing

for homeless, etc.

State Reform

Reforms in the Workplace1. Curbed hazards

2. Accident insurance and compensation systems

3. Limited working hours

4. 2/3 of states eliminated child labor

5. Minimum wages were established

Federal Reform

• Constitutional Amendments–16th = Federal income taxes–17th = Direct election of senators

–18th = Abolition of alcohol

• Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act (Roosevelt influence by the Jungle)

Chicago Meat Inspectors 1906

Beginnings of the Suffrage Movement

First formally demanded right to vote at Seneca Falls Convention (1848)– Not allowed to vote – Husbands had legal power over their wives– Working women paid only a fraction of what men

earned – Women had no means to gain an education since

no college would accept women students – Women were robbed of their self-confidence and

self-respect, and were made totally dependent on men

Anti-Suffrage Movement

National American Women Suffrage

Association (NAWSA)

Leaders:

Goals:

Methods Used:

Congressional Union (CU)

Leaders:

Goals:

Methods Used:

Nineteenth Amendment

• 1920

• Extended the right to vote to women