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Immigration to the United States in the Mid-19th
Century
Why do people immigrate?
Are they pushed out by something?
Or are they pulled in by something?
What pulls people to immigrate to another country?
JobsFreedoms (political)Freedoms (religious)Family already thereNew startAdventure
What pushes people to immigrate to another country?
Religious persecutionWarDon’t like the political system or leaderFamine (not enough food)Poverty – lack of opportunity (no jobs)
Pull Factors: Why did people want to come to America?
Cheap labor needed for:
• factory work• building railroads• building canals
Push Factors: Why did people leave their European homelands?
Instability in Europe:• revolutions (esp. Germany)• famine (esp. Ireland)
Which do you think results in MORE immigration:
push or pull?
Think, Pair, Share:
Immigration to the United States, 1820s-1840s
Write a sentence that explains the chart.
Immigration to the United States, 1821-1860
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Great Britain
Ireland
GermanyAll Other
Write a sentence or two that explain the chart.
Potato Famine in Ireland¾ crops (wheat, barley, rye) grown
to sell to the British
¼ crops grown for the Irish to eat (potatoes)
Irish Population
1844 8,400,000
1851 6,600,000
Good luck in America!
New Cultures Clash!Established Americans New Immigrants
Most were Protestant Most were Roman Catholic
Middle-class Americans were likely to drink only in private, if at all.
Working-class men would go to taverns after work to gather and drink socially.
Immigrants Face Hostility and Discrimination
Anti-Catholicism
Reasons for Immigrant Tensions
1. Irish immigrants were very poor – WHY?
2. Many took jobs for less money than established Americans – WHY?
3. Irish were often hired as strike-breakers – WHY?
4. Irish men replaced “mill girls” – WHY?
5. Fear of Immigrant Voters
Rise of Nativism
"Riot at Hoboken, May 1, 1851"