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Jan Bergholtz

Kattegatt Design AB 0340-65 62 60

0709-64 60 98

www.kattegattdesign.se

jan.bergholtz@kattegattdesign.se

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

IMO’s GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK UNDER CONSTRUCTION

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Background:

• Shipping not covered by the Kyoto Protocol (1997)

• IMO under pressure to deliver GHG-mitigation instrument

• IMO GHG Study, 1st edition 2000 followed by 2nd edition 2009

• 2007 Shipping 2.7-3.2% of Global CO2-impact

• Growth of Sector Shipping 12-18% of Global CO2 by 2050

• CO2-reduction targets: 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050

Global Warming ≤ 2⁰C increase at 50% probability

• If IMO fails Regional Measures: EU, North America, etc…

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

3

Global CO2-emissions

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

Ref. 2:nd IMO GHG Study 2009, April 2009, Buhaug Ö et al

0.60%2.70%

1.90%0.50%

21.30%

35%

15.20%

4.60%

18.20%

Global CO2 Emissions

Domestic shipping & Fishing

International Shipping

International Aviation

Rail

Other Transport (Road)

Electricity and Heat Production

Other

Other Energy Industries

Manufacturing Industries & Construction

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Modal Comparison

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

Range of typical CO2 efficiencies for various cargo carriers

0 50 100 150 200 250

Road

Rail

RoRo / Vehicle

Product

LPG

Container

Bulk

Chemical

Reefer

General Cargo

LNG

Crude

g CO2 / ton*km

Ref. 2:nd IMO GHG Study 2009, April 2009, Buhaug Ö et al

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The IMO “Cure”:

• Operational Measures: SEEMP, EEOI

• Market Based Measures (MBM:s): ETS, Bunker-Levy – SE taking note of the progress but can still not engage (constitutional issue rel. to SE tax-money)

• Design Measures: EEDI for New Built Ships

• Attained EEDI >400 GT

• Size Limit when to apply Required EEDI

• Reduction Rates and Phases (stepped approach)

• Proposals have been made to link MBM:s to EEDI also for existing ships, MEPC 61/5/16 (US)

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

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The EEDI Concept (> 400GT):

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

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Main Engines Aux Engines Shaft Motors – Novel Tech. Novel Tech.

GHG Impact

Benefit to Society

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The EEDI Reference Lines:

• Shipping divided into 12 Ship Types

• Based on Statistics, IHS Fairplay Database, hence some generic assumptions are needed

• Average EEDI for Comparable Ships (Ship Types) v:s Capacity. Reference Lines should constitute a fair basis for comparison

• Level of Compliance to be reduced in steps

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

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Attained / Required EEDI:

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 90 000 100 000 110 000 120 000

EED

I [g

CO

2/

(to

nn

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nM

)]

Capacity - DWT [tonnes]

Lower Size Limit for Required EEDI

Reduction Levels: Phase 0 Year 0 0% Phase 1 Year 2 0% to 10% Phase 2 Year 7 0% to 20% Phase 3 Year 12 0% to 30%

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Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

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Implications:

• Direct impact on Installed Power (not Shaft Power)

• Robustness of proposed methodology – Deep Sea / Short Sea

• SE efforts to display Conditions for SSS

• Coverage – DSS almost 85% of CO2-imprint

• Imprecision – For RoRo 0% reduction -> 17% in reality

• EE Devices in SSS

• Inherent Margin (SFC Medium Speed Engines)

• Safety – min Speed in Adverse Weather (Redundancy)

• Are proposed reduction rates feasible (e.g. Ice Class)

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

11

The Political Climate prior to MEPC61:

• Tremendous pressure on the IMO to deliver, Shipping must contribute to GHG-reduction

• EC political agenda

• IMO Objective to Circulate Draft Regulation amendment to MARPOL Annex VI for finalization MEPC62

• Developing Countries, CBDR (UNFCCC) <-> IMO NST

• Good co-operation w STA and between EU Flag States

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

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MEPC 61:

• Proposal by China - EEDI mandatory for Developed Countries but voluntary for Developing Countries

• CBDR UNFCCC ( NST IMO)

• Technology Transfer

• Capacity Building

• MARPOL Annex VI

• No Circulation of Draft Regulation prior to MEPC62

• Correspondence Group in order to finalize unresolved issues

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

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Future Work:

• EU (EC) promise / threat to develop Regional Regulations 2012-01-01 - if IMO fails

• NO and US similar objectives

• 2nd EMSA Study on SSS

• SE proposal of alternative EEDI-framework for SSS

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

14

Jan Bergholtz

Kattegatt Design AB 0340-65 62 60

0709-64 60 98

www.kattegattdesign.se

jan.bergholtz@kattegattdesign.se

Kattegatt Design

GHG REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN INDEX

Jan Bergholtz

Thank you for your attention!