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IMPACT OF PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION ON FARMER LIVELIHOODS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA PAPER PRESENTED AT 2 nd WORLD CONGRESS OF AGROFORESTRY 23-28 AUGUST 2009 NAIROBI KENYA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
IMPACT OF PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION ON FARMER LIVELIHOODS IN WEST AND CENTRAL
AFRICA
PAPER PRESENTED AT 2nd WORLD CONGRESS OF AGROFORESTRY23-28 AUGUST 2009
NAIROBI KENYA
Tchoundjeu, Z.; Degrande, A.; Leakey, R.R.B.; Simons, T.; Nimino, G.; Kemajou, E.; Asaah, E.; Facheux, C.; Tsobeng, A.; Mbile, P. and Sado, T.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
ARTICULATIONS
1. PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION (PTD)• APPROACH OF PTD• WHY INDIGENOUS FRUIT TREES
2. IMPACTS ON FARMERS’ LIVELIHOODS
CONCLUSION
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
21 countries330 million people1200 million ha
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
HOT SPOTS IN WCA
WCA is a hot spot with more: 1800 endemic plant species 31 endemic threatened birds 35 endemic threatened mammals
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Distribution of Area under Cultivation By Distribution of Area under Cultivation By ZoneZone
5-year Average (2003-2007)5-year Average (2003-2007)
5
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Area under CultivationArea under Cultivation
6
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
30.00
50.00
70.00
90.00
110.00
130.00
150.00
170.00
190.00
210.00
230.00
250.00
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
calendar year
US ce
nts/lb
Volatility of Coffee Price
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
FOREST IS NOT ONLY LOGS AND TIMBERFOREST IS NOT ONLY LOGS AND TIMBER
Over two thirds of the 600 million people in Africa rely directly or indirectly on forest for their livelihoods
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Main NTFPs
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
What is domestication?
Resource identification
and characterization
Capture, selection and management
of genetic resources
Regeneration and management in
sustainable landuse systems
Ethnobotanic studies and socio-
economic evaluation.
Market research
Farmer preferences.
Market development
Assessment of adoption and
socio-economic impact.
Market expansion
Species selection
Germplasm collection and conservation
Genetic selection and
breeeding
Development of techniques to capture
genetic variation
Efficient resource capture.
Assessment of environmental
impact
SOCIAL SCIENCES
BIOPHYSICAL SCIENCES
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Participatory Tree Domestication (PTD)
PTD refers to:• the means communities select, propagate and manage
high-value indigenous fruit trees and medicinal plants and integrate them in the various farming systems,
• Species for domestication are mainly selected encompassing indigenous knowledge and genetic selection based on scientific principles
• A strong partnership is developed with scientists, civic authorities and private companies.
• PTD is a farmer driven and market lead process. It focuses on species farmers consume best with high potentials for local, regional and international markets
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
APPROACH: Participatory tree domestication
• Conventional or Classical approach– Progeny trials– Biophysical and phenological assessments
• ICRAF approach– Priority setting (farmer participation)– Germplasm collection priority species– Selection via vegetative propagation techniques– On-station and on-farm evaluation of selected species– Marketing options for maximizing farmer family
income– Capacity building
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreHow to multiply the selected species: rooting cuttingsrooting cuttings
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Creation of a cultivar
Earlier fruiting, smaller trees and uniform quality
Dacryodes edulis
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Sites of Impact Studies (DJONTU, 2006)
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
FARMHOUSEHOLD
Improved propagulesFruitsLeavesNuts/KernelsBark, firewood
TreeDomestication
Technology
Income(financial)
Outcomes: Food and nutrition, Environment resilience, Knowledge empowerment, Housing, quality and Standard of life
Consumption
Invest in
Other livelihood activities
Subsistence
Natural assets (Wild trees)
Role of tree domestication in household’s livelihood
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Agroforestry nurseriesIncome used to send children to school, to pay for medicines, to dig wells, make bricks, to purchase livestock, to purchase fertilizers and other inputs; improved diet.
Increased knowledge in AF techniques
Impacts :
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Income generation projectsImpacts: Income for medicines, water and homes;
better health; more time for family and farming; creates employment.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Rural Resource Centres
Impacts: Technical and business training and knowledge; empowerment of communities; Income for multiple uses; Dissemination of technologies; introduction of germplasm.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Microfinance Projects
Impacts: Provision of money for purchase of agricultural inputs; higher productivity; better livelihoods
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
FarmersSaw application of good practices and diversification, discussed their needs and aspirations, heard their interest in new technologies.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Innovators
Saw farmers and business developing and implementing new technologies and domesticating new crops
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Farmer Groups
Met some dynamic and enthusiastic people excited about the ways the Project was improving their lives. Heard their hopes and aspirations.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Entrepreneurs
Heard that they were making money from their new businesses.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Traditional traders
There are so many more people that projects like this need to reach, whether they are farmers, traders or potential business people.
It was exciting to learn about the successes, but sad to think about the people who are still living without much hope.
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreTransforming people’s lives
Agroforestry has
improved our lives
PARTICIPATORY TREE DOMESTICATION
My kids are eating fruits
and veg
I’ve improved my house and built a well
My family are healthier and going to
school
I’m buying fertilizers
and have a cow
I’ve decided to be a
nursery man and stay in my village
I’m processing and trading
AFTPs
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry CentreAfrican Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
Conclusion…Indigenous fruit portfolio now at the heart of key
global environmental processes• Convention to combat desertification
Agroforestry for land regeneration• Biodiversity Convention
Role of agroforestry in biodiversity conservation• Climate Change Convention
Agroforestry as a key to adaptationSmallholder projects for carbon sequestration
• UN Forum on ForestsKey role of trees outside forests