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Impact of troposphere modeling on
GNSS satellite antenna phase center pattern
estimation
R. Dach1, A. Jaggi1, R. Schmid2, S. Lutz1,P. Steigenberger2, and G. Beutler1
1Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
2Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany
XXV IUGG General Assembly
Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet
Melbourne, Australia; 28 June – 7 July 2011
AIUB
Relation between elevation and nadir angle
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 2 / 21
OE
sat.
sta.ζ
n
AIUB
Relation between elevation and nadir angle
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 2 / 21
≈26
500 km
≈6370km
ζ
n
ζ nGPS
0 0.010 2.420 4.730 6.940 8.850 10.660 11.970 12.980 13.690 13.8
Values given in degree.
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Relation between elevation and nadir angle
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 2 / 21
≈25
500 km
≈6370km
ζ
n
ζ nGPS nGLO
0 0.0 0.010 2.4 2.520 4.7 4.930 6.9 7.240 8.8 9.250 10.6 11.060 11.9 12.470 12.9 13.480 13.6 14.190 13.8 14.3
Values given in degree.
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Relation between elevation and nadir angle
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 2 / 21
ζ
n
A zenith–angle–dependent bias in the tro-posphere model may be compensated bythe estimated satellite antenna phase centerpattern.
ζ nGPS nGLO
0 0.0 0.010 2.4 2.520 4.7 4.930 6.9 7.240 8.8 9.250 10.6 11.060 11.9 12.470 12.9 13.480 13.6 14.190 13.8 14.3
Values given in degree.
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Situation in case of IGS08.ATX
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 3 / 21
Satellite antenna phase centerIGS08.ATX pattern offset
GPS from IGS05.ATX
(GFZ,TUM)
from repro1 and final
(CODE,ESA,GFZ,MIT,NRCan)
NMF GMF
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Situation in case of IGS08.ATX
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 3 / 21
Satellite antenna phase centerIGS08.ATX pattern offset
GPS from IGS05.ATX
(GFZ,TUM)
from repro1 and final
(CODE,ESA,GFZ,MIT,NRCan)
NMF GMF
GLONASS from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
GMF GMF
AIUB
Situation in case of IGS08.ATX
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 3 / 21
Satellite antenna phase centerIGS08.ATX pattern offset
GPS from IGS05.ATX
(GFZ,TUM)
from repro1 and final
(CODE,ESA,GFZ,MIT,NRCan)
NMF GMF
GPS IIF from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
GMF GMF
GLONASS from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
GMF GMF
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Situation in case of IGS08.ATX
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 3 / 21
Satellite antenna phase centerIGS08.ATX pattern offset
GPS from IGS05.ATX
(GFZ,TUM)
from repro1 and final
(CODE,ESA,GFZ,MIT,NRCan)
NMF GMF
GPS IIF from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
GMF GMF
GLONASS from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
from GLONASS–repro
(CODE,ESA)
GMF GMF
CODE has started to use VMF1 for its operational final and rapid products inOctober 2010.
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Questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 4 / 21
How does the satellite antenna phase center model depend on thetroposphere model for the ground stations?
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Questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 4 / 21
How does the satellite antenna phase center model depend on thetroposphere model for the ground stations?
� How do different troposphere models affect the satellite antenna phasecenter?
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Questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 4 / 21
How does the satellite antenna phase center model depend on thetroposphere model for the ground stations?
� How do different troposphere models affect the satellite antenna phasecenter?
� Which solution compares best with a LEO–derived solution?(independent from troposphere model)
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Questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 4 / 21
How does the satellite antenna phase center model depend on thetroposphere model for the ground stations?
� How do different troposphere models affect the satellite antenna phasecenter?
� Which solution compares best with a LEO–derived solution?(independent from troposphere model)
� What is the impact on ground stations, if the troposphere model isinconsistent with the satellite antenna phase center model?
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Three solution series for two years: 2009 and 2010
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 5 / 21
� observation files → weekly normal equation fileimplicit: satellite orbits, troposphere parameters, Earth rotation parametersexplicit: coordinates, satellite antenna phase center offsets and patternsIGS08.ATX for receiver antenna phase center corrections3◦ elevation mask (in fact: 5◦)
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Three solution series for two years: 2009 and 2010
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 5 / 21
� observation files → weekly normal equation fileimplicit: satellite orbits, troposphere parameters, Earth rotation parametersexplicit: coordinates, satellite antenna phase center offsets and patternsIGS08.ATX for receiver antenna phase center corrections3◦ elevation mask (in fact: 5◦)
� series with different troposphere models:VMF1: Vienna Mapping Function ECMWF (Bohm et al., 2006)GMF: Global Mapping Function GPT (Bohm et al., 2006)NMF: Niell Mapping Function Berg, 1947 (Niell, 1996)
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Three solution series for two years: 2009 and 2010
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 5 / 21
� observation files → weekly normal equation fileimplicit: satellite orbits, troposphere parameters, Earth rotation parametersexplicit: coordinates, satellite antenna phase center offsets and patternsIGS08.ATX for receiver antenna phase center corrections3◦ elevation mask (in fact: 5◦)
� series with different troposphere models:VMF1: Vienna Mapping Function ECMWF (Bohm et al., 2006)GMF: Global Mapping Function GPT (Bohm et al., 2006)NMF: Niell Mapping Function Berg, 1947 (Niell, 1996)
� The cumulative solution has been computed using identical datum stationsand same solution intervals:minimum constraint solution w.r.t. IGS08 frame
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Three solution series for two years: 2009 and 2010
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 6 / 21
GPS−onlyGPS+GLONASS
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Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GPS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 7 / 21
Differences between NMF–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
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Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GPS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 7 / 21
Differences between GMF–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
AIUB
Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GPS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 7 / 21
Differences between VMF1–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
AIUB
Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GPS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 8 / 21
Differences between VMF1– and GMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
AIUB
Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GPS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 8 / 21
Differences between NMF– and GMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
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Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GLONASS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 9 / 21
Differences between NMF–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
GLONASS−M SVN
712 714715 716717 718719 720721 723724 725727 728729 730733 734
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Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GLONASS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 9 / 21
Differences between NMF–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
sat. 714
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
GLONASS−M SVN
712 714715 716717 718719 720721 723724 725727 728729 730733 734
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Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GLONASS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 9 / 21
Differences between GMF–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
sat. 714
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
GLONASS−M SVN
712 714715 716717 718719 720721 723724 725727 728729 730733 734
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Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GLONASS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 9 / 21
Differences between VMF1–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
sat. 714
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
GLONASS−M SVN
712 714715 716717 718719 720721 723724 725727 728729 730733 734
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Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GLONASS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 10 / 21
Differences between VMF1– and GMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
GLONASS−M SVN
712 714715 716717 718719 720721 723724 725727 728729 730733 734
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Satellite antenna phase center patterns, GLONASS
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 10 / 21
Differences between NMF– and GMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
GLONASS−M SVN
712 714715 716717 718719 720721 723724 725727 728729 730733 734
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LEOs: Relation between elevation and nadir angles
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 11 / 21
≈26
500 km
≈6370km
ζ
n
nGPS ζEarth
0 0.02 8.44 16.96 25.88 35.4
10 46.212 59.913 69.4141516
Values given in degree.
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LEOs: Relation between elevation and nadir angles
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 11 / 21
≈26
500 km
≈6370
+500km
ζ
n
nGPS ζEarth ζGRACE
0 0.0 0.02 8.4 7.74 16.9 15.66 25.8 23.88 35.4 32.5
10 46.2 42.012 59.9 53.313 69.4 60.214 68.915 86.716
Values given in degree.
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LEOs: Relation between elevation and nadir angles
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 11 / 21
≈26
500 km
≈6370
+1330km
ζ
n
nGPS ζEarth ζGRACE ζJason2
0 0.0 0.0 0.02 8.4 7.7 6.94 16.9 15.6 13.96 25.8 23.8 21.18 35.4 32.5 28.6
10 46.2 42.0 36.712 59.9 53.3 45.713 69.4 60.2 50.714 68.9 56.415 86.7 63.016 71.6
Values given in degree.
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LEOs: Relation between elevation and nadir angles
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 11 / 21
≈26
500 km
≈6370
+h
LE
Okm
ζ
n
nGPS ζEarth ζGRACE ζJason2
0 0.0 0.0 0.02 8.4 7.7 6.94 16.9 15.6 13.96 25.8 23.8 21.18 35.4 32.5 28.6
10 46.2 42.0 36.712 59.9 53.3 45.713 69.4 60.2 50.714 68.9 56.415 86.7 63.016 71.6
13.8 8515.0 8516.8 85
Values given in degree.
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LEOs: Relation between elevation and nadir angles
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 11 / 21
≈26
500 km
≈6370
+h
LE
Okm
ζ
n
nGPS ζEarth ζGRACE ζJason2
0 0.0 0.0 0.02 8.4 7.7 6.94 16.9 15.6 13.96 25.8 23.8 21.18 35.4 32.5 28.6
10 46.2 42.0 36.712 59.9 53.3 45.713 69.4 60.2 50.714 68.9 56.415 86.7 63.016 71.6
13.9 9015.0 9016.9 90
Values given in degree.
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Use of LEOs for GNSS satellite antenna estimation
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 12 / 21
Advantages:
� due to the higher altitude bigger nadir angles may be achieved
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Use of LEOs for GNSS satellite antenna estimation
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 12 / 21
Advantages:
� due to the higher altitude bigger nadir angles may be achieved
� no impact of the troposphere
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Use of LEOs for GNSS satellite antenna estimation
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 12 / 21
Advantages:
� due to the higher altitude bigger nadir angles may be achieved
� no impact of the troposphere
Disadvantages:
� small number of missions with a limited number of antenna types
� near–field environment of the antenna onboard the LEO
� only available for GPS until now
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Use of LEOs for GNSS satellite antenna estimation
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 12 / 21
Advantages:
� due to the higher altitude bigger nadir angles may be achieved
� no impact of the troposphere
Disadvantages:
� small number of missions with a limited number of antenna types
� near–field environment of the antenna onboard the LEO
� only available for GPS until now
see, e.g., Montenbruck et al., 2009; Jaggi et al., 2009 and other publications
AIUB
Use of LEOs for GNSS satellite antenna estimation
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 12 / 21
Advantages:
� due to the higher altitude bigger nadir angles may be achieved
� no impact of the troposphere
Disadvantages:
� small number of missions with a limited number of antenna types
� near–field environment of the antenna onboard the LEO
� only available for GPS until now
see, e.g., Montenbruck et al., 2009; Jaggi et al., 2009 and other publications
AIUB
Use of LEOs for GNSS satellite antenna estimation
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 13 / 21
� To compensate the near–field en-vironment antenna phase centermaps need to be co–estimated forthe LEO–POD.
� These maps are fully correlatedwith the GPS satellite antennaphase center patterns.
� A combination of several missionsis preferable to solve for the GPSsatellite antenna phase center pat-terns.
Antenna phase center map forJason–2
0
90
60
30
−30
−20
−10
0
10
20
30
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GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 14 / 21
Differences between Jason–2–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 14 / 21
Differences between GRACE A/B–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
SVN G50
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GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 14 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 14 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−MSVN G49
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GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 14 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE–based estimates and IGS08.ATX values
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 15 / 21
Differences between Jason–2– and GMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 15 / 21
Differences between GRACE A/B– and GMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 15 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE– and GMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 15 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE– and VMF1–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 15 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE– and NMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 15 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE– and NMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 16 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE–based and GMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 16 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE–based and VMF1–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
AIUB
GPS satellite antenna phase center patterns
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 16 / 21
Differences between Jason+GRACE–based and NMF–based estimates
−5−4−3−2−1
012345
Pat
tern
diff
eren
ce in
mm
0 3 6 9 12 15
Nadir angle in degree
BLOCK IIA BLOCK IIR−A BLOCK IIR−B BLOCK IIR−M SVN
23 2425 2627 3033 3435 3638 3940 4143 4445 4647 4849 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 60
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Influence on the station coordinates
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 17 / 21
� Four sets of satellite antenna phase center patterns are available:
– from the VMF1–based cumulative solution
– from the GMF–based cumulative solution
– from the NMF–based cumulative solution
– from the Jason/GRACE–based solution
AIUB
Influence on the station coordinates
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 17 / 21
� Four sets of satellite antenna phase center patterns are available:
– from the VMF1–based cumulative solution
– from the GMF–based cumulative solution
– from the NMF–based cumulative solution
– from the Jason/GRACE–based solution
� Repeating the VMF1–based cumulative solution introducing differentsatellite antenna phase center patterns
� Identical discontinuities and datum stations for the minimum constraintcondition
AIUB
Influence on the station coordinates
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 17 / 21
� Four sets of satellite antenna phase center patterns are available:
– from the VMF1–based cumulative solution
– from the GMF–based cumulative solution
– from the NMF–based cumulative solution
– from the Jason/GRACE–based solution
� Repeating the VMF1–based cumulative solution introducing differentsatellite antenna phase center patterns
� Identical discontinuities and datum stations for the minimum constraintcondition
� How do the different sets of satellite antenna phase center patterns
influence the coordinate solution?
AIUB
Influence on the station positions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 18 / 21
Position differences between the solutions using satellite–specificGMF– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
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Influence on the station positions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 18 / 21
Position differences between the solutions using satellite–specificNMF– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
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Influence on the station positions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 18 / 21
Position differences between the solutions using satellite–specificJason+GRACE– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
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Influence on the station heights
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 19 / 21
Height differences between the solutions using satellite–specificGMF– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
−2 0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
AIUB
Influence on the station heights
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 19 / 21
Height differences between the solutions using satellite–specificNMF– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
−2 0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
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Influence on the station heights
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 19 / 21
Height differences between the solutions using satellite–specificJason+GRACE– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
−2 0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
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Influence on the station heights
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 20 / 21
Height differences between the solutions using block–specificGMF– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
−2 0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
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Influence on the station heights
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 20 / 21
Height differences between the solutions using block–specificNMF– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
−2 0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
AIUB
Influence on the station heights
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 20 / 21
Height differences between the solutions using block–specificJason+GRACE– and VMF1–based satellite antenna pattern
−2 0 2Units: mm VMF1 is used in both solutions
AIUB
Answering the questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 21 / 21
� How do different troposphere models affect the satellite antenna phasecenter?
� Which solution compares best with a LEO–derived solution?
� What is the impact on ground stations, if the troposphere model isinconsistent to the satellite antenna phase center model?
AIUB
Answering the questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 21 / 21
� How do different troposphere models affect the satellite antenna phasecenter?There are small differences for high nadir angles if comparing, e.g., NMFwith GMF/VMF1.
� Which solution compares best with a LEO–derived solution?
� What is the impact on ground stations, if the troposphere model isinconsistent to the satellite antenna phase center model?
AIUB
Answering the questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 21 / 21
� How do different troposphere models affect the satellite antenna phasecenter?There are small differences for high nadir angles if comparing, e.g., NMFwith GMF/VMF1.
� Which solution compares best with a LEO–derived solution?A combined Jason+GRACE–based satellite antenna phase center modelconfirms the GMF/VMF1–based solutions.
� What is the impact on ground stations, if the troposphere model isinconsistent to the satellite antenna phase center model?
AIUB
Answering the questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 21 / 21
� How do different troposphere models affect the satellite antenna phasecenter?There are small differences for high nadir angles if comparing, e.g., NMFwith GMF/VMF1.
� Which solution compares best with a LEO–derived solution?A combined Jason+GRACE–based satellite antenna phase center modelconfirms the GMF/VMF1–based solutions.
� What is the impact on ground stations, if the troposphere model isinconsistent to the satellite antenna phase center model?The differences in the estimated station coordinates are below the 1 mmlevel. The use of satellite–specific instead of block–specific correctionswould be more important.
AIUB
Answering the questions
Dach et al.: Troposphere modeling and GNSS satellite PCV – 21 / 21
� How do different troposphere models affect the satellite antenna phasecenter?There are small differences for high nadir angles if comparing, e.g., NMFwith GMF/VMF1.
� Which solution compares best with a LEO–derived solution?A combined Jason+GRACE–based satellite antenna phase center modelconfirms the GMF/VMF1–based solutions.
� What is the impact on ground stations, if the troposphere model isinconsistent to the satellite antenna phase center model?The differences in the estimated station coordinates are below the 1 mmlevel. The use of satellite–specific instead of block–specific correctionswould be more important.
