Impacts of building performance monitoring on …info.tuwien.ac.at/.../01_PerformanceMonitoring-Menzel.pdfImpacts of building performance monitoring on integrated energy management

Impacts of building performance monitoring on integrated energy management

K. MenzelUniversity College Cork, School of Engineering

F. KatzemichHSG Zander

A. MahdaviTU Wien, Dept. of Building Physics and Building Ecology

What are CAMPUS 21 and BaaS ?THE APPLICATION VIEW

CAMPUS 21 BaaS

Assessment Services

Prediction Services

Mid

dlew

are

Monitoring Data

Sports Complex

Workshop Campus21 / BaaS page 2CESBP 2013

Services

Optimisation Services

Mid

dlew

are

Actuation SignalsStadium

Campus

What are CAMPUS 21 and BaaS ?The ‘DATA CENTRIC’ VIEW

o Data Mgmt.o Data Analysiso Data Processing

Reporting MaintenanceMgmt. Control

Load Balancing

Sensed &Metered Data

o Procuremento Business

Models


o Data Processing

Weather Data

historical

predictedTimetables(predicted)

Occupation

Access Control(historical)

BIM (product)

BIM (process)

Models

What is Building Performance ?

o Building’s Performance needs to be analysed holisti cally.

o In case of CAMPUS21 we monitor two aspects of performance:

1. The User Comfort

2. The Energy used to provide certain comfort levels.

ComfortPerformance= ---------------------------------

Energy Consumption


Scale and Scope

Energy Cost Only

Bldg. Comfort & Energy Cost

Full Cost of Ownership

o Scale and scope of Performance Analysis dependson the stakeholder perspective

OwnerArchitect

Occupant

User


Sin

gle

Sy

ste

m

Fu

ll P

rod

uct

Pe

rsp

ecti

ve

Systems-in-Systems

FM-Service ProviderOperator

Energy Provider

Component Manufacturer

PPP-participant

ESCO

What are generally applicable KPI ?

o User and Operator perspective

• It is important to identify failure in “delivering” commonly agreed comfort levels.

• Service levels either determined by legislation or engineering/design standards.

• The evaluation of service levels depends on certain perspectives, such as:� Location: ‘Spaces’ with certain function

� Time: Within a given time period

� Organisation: A certain client, service provider, operator


Examples for Comfort KPI

o The KPI used for PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS:

• Underperformance Time (UPT)... Defines the ratio of time underperforming to total operational hours

• Underperformance Ratio (UPR):... Defines the ratio of spaces underperforming to total spaces available

• Proportional Underperformance (UPP)... Defines the ratio of underperforming spaces per organisation

to total spaces available to this specific organisation;

• Underperformance Index (UPI)... Defines the ratio of underperforming spaces serviced by a

subsystem(s) to total spaces serviced by this subsystem(s);


Categories for User Behaviour

o One can identify KPI covering multiple perspectives , such as:

• Occupation Density... Defines the ratio of real (measured) numbers of people occupying a

’space’ compared to the maximum number of possible occupants in a

‘space’.

• Occupation Density Categoryprovides a grouping for the above to allow easier evaluation;

e.g. more than 75%, 40 to 75%, less than 40%


QUALITY how SERVICES are delivered

o The KPI distinguishes if component/sub-system/syste ms are active or inactive

• Absolute Use Intensity... Defines the ratio of real (measured or calculated) use

to the maximal possible “capacity” of a component, sub-system, system

• Absolute Use Intensity Category... Provides a grouping for the above

e.g. More than 75%, 40 to 75%, less than 40%)

Workshop Campus21 / BaaS opage 9CESBP 2013

Evaluation of of SYSTEMS INTEGRATION

o Compared Use Intensity... Delivers a value indicating if different systems interact against each other.

o Required Steps:

• Identify, what (sub) systems are installed in the building(on a Campus)

• Identify “load cases” and • Identify “load cases” and (e.g. Load Case 1: Use Heating and Cooling)

• Define rules characterising the interdependencies between the contributing systems(e.g. Heating should not be active when cooling is “on”)

• Compare Use Intensities (UI) of contributing systems

• Classify result (good, critical, dysfunctional)

Workshop Campus21 / BaaS opage 10CESBP 2013

Evaluation of Energy consumed normalised Energy consumed

o Metered Energy Consumption... Simply delivers the summary of meter readings

for dedicated periods of time (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.)

o Normalised Metered Energy Consumption... The normalised value using Degree Days as instrument to compensate for

weather impacts.

o Green Factor... Defines the ratio between energy from renewable sources (co-generated)

and TOTAL energy consumed

o Equivalent CO 2-Emissions (ECE)ECE = f(Energy Mix of {organisation})


The Impact of Building Performance Monitoring (1)

Advanced

Building ControlAdvanced

Building Control

Time

Either:Hourly Scale

or Daily Scaleor Weekly Scale

or Monthly Scale

Organisation

Either: Group Scaleor Department Scale

or Branch Scaleor Company Scale

or Best Practice Scale


Location

Either: Space (room) Scaleor Building Storey Scale

or Building Scaleor Site (campus) Scale


Either: Component Scale (CoP)or Sub-System Scaleor System Scale or System-in-System Scale

System


Load BalancingLoad BalancingLoad Balancing

Time

Either:Hourly Scale


or Monthly Scale

Organisation





Location





System


FailureFailure

Time

Either:Hourly Scale


or Monthly Scale

Organisation





Failure

IdentificationFailure

Identification

Location





System


Time

Either:Hourly Scale


or Monthly Scale

Organisation





Maintenance

ManagementMaintenance

Management

Maintenance

Management

Maintenance

Management

Location





System


Time

Either:Hourly Scale


or Monthly Scale

Organisation





BenchmarkingBenchmarkingBenchmarkingBenchmarking

Location





System

Normalisation

o Most of the KPI can be calculated on a scale betwee n

• 0:= “worst case”

• 1:=“best case”

o This supports the introduction of ‘combined evaluation criteria’, such as

Average Service Quality (ASQ)


o Finally, a Total Building Performance Indicator (TE) can be introduced.

o This would allow for a ‘generic benchmarking’of building’s performance from using a holistic perspective.

TE= ASQ / (c /((Wgains – W purchase) +k))

• With TE >= 0 � energy positive building

• TE = 0 � ASQ=0 “worst case”

• TE <=0 � energy consuming building


Summary

o We have developed a methodology that can be used to evaluate building performance

• On different scales

• From different perspectives.

o The integration of evaluation factors allows the evaluation of multiple systems on a larger scal ethe evaluation of multiple systems on a larger scal eand cross-organisational benchmarking.

o Formulas provided for the calculation of integrated performance indicators are rather simpli sticand need to be further developed.


Documents

Impacts of building performance monitoring on …info.tuwien.ac.at/.../01_PerformanceMonitoring-Menzel.pdfImpacts of building performance monitoring on integrated energy management