Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health by Robert Oswald and Michelle Bamberger, January 2012

8/3/2019 Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health by Robert Oswald and Michelle Bamberger, January 2012

1/27

MJP IGZXDIM^' Qig- ??&


2/27

Nieezmdxdj~ gdqdm` mjl fth inl oim `l~ h dggdm` irj lxdim~ flqj ojniejhj alnxi gloi lxi dj~ ai xfj ~xzht ia jmqd imejmxlg xivdnigi`t- Xfj ngi~j

r ivdedxt ia xfj~j irj lxdim~ xi ~elgg nieezmdxdj~ fl~ n jlxjh l ql djxt ia rixjmxdlg fl{l h~ xi fzelm~ nierlmdim lmdelg~ gdqj~xinc lmh pdghgdaj- Xfj~jfl{l h~ flqj ojniej lergdadjh iqj xfj gl~x ?2 tjl ~ hzj dm rl x xi xfjgl `j%~nlgj hjqjgirejmx ia ~flgj `l~ h dggdm` &fi d{imxlg h dggdm` pdxffd`f%qigzej fth lzgdn a lnxz dm`$ jmniz l`jh ot xfj ~zrri x ia dmn jl~jhh dggdm` lmh jvrgi lxdim ot Z-^- `iqj mejmx l`jmndj~ S2 rj njmx xi ei j xflm 02 rj njmxelt jeldm zmhj ` izmh S>U- Fth lzgdn a lnxz dm` xlcj~ rglnj iqj ? xi : hlt~lmh elt oj jrjlxjh ezgxdrgj xdej~ im xfj ~lej pjgg iqj xfj niz ~j ia xfj

rixjmxdlg ?:% xi 82%tjl gdajxdej ia l pjgg S8U- Elmt ia xfj~j nfjednlg~ l j xivdnlmh flqj cmipm lhqj ~j fjlgxf jaajnx~ pfdnf elt oj lrrl jmx imgt dm xfj gim`xj e- L hd~nz~~dim ia xfj~j nierizmh~ lmh xfjd fjlgxf jaajnx~ d~ ojtimh xfj~nirj ia xfd~ l xdngj3 fipjqj Nigoi m jx lg- S:U flqj lmlgt{jh xfd~ xirdn dm hjrxf-

Xfj gl `j%~nlgj z~j ia nfjednlg~ pdxf ~d`mdadnlmx xivdndxt fl~ `dqjm d~j xil ` jlx hjlg ia rzogdn nimnj m lmh lm deri xlmx l~rjnx ia xfj hjolxj nimnj m~xfj gjqjg ia r iia j|zd jh xi l~~indlxj lm jmqd imejmxlg nflm`j pdxf lnxdqdxdj~l~~indlxjh pdxf `l~ h dggdm`- Jmqd imejmxlg ` izr~ xtrdnlggt dmqicj xfj r j %nlzxdiml t r dmndrgj S1U- Xflx d~ da lm lnxdim d~ ~z~rjnxjh ia nlz~dm` fl e xi xfj

jmqd imejmx xfjm dm xfj lo~jmnj ia l ~ndjmxdadn nim~jm~z~ xfj oz hjm ia r iia algg~ im xfj dmhdqdhzlg i i `lmd{lxdim xlcdm` xfj lnxdim- Xfj idg lmh `l~ dmhz~x tfl~ xtrdnlggt jkjnxjh xfd~ lmlgt~d~ lmh fl~ lrr ilnfjh xfj d~~zj dm l elmmj ~dedgl xi xfj xiolnni dmhz~x t xflx ai elmt tjl ~ jkjnxjh xfj gdmc ojxpjjm~eicdm` lmh nlmnj - Xflx d~ da imj nlmmix r iqj ojtimh l ~flhip ia hizox xflxlm jmqd imejmxlg derlnx d~ hzj xi h dggdm` xfjm l gdmc d~ jkjnxjh- Xfd~ lrr ilnf

:? ) OLEOJ_@J_ LMH I^PLGH


3/27

ot xfj xiolnni nierlmdj~ flh l hjql~xlxdm` lmh gim`%gl~xdm` jaajnx im rzogdnfjlgxf a ie pfdnf pj flqj ~xdgg mix jniqj jh S0U lmh pj ojgdjqj xflx l ~dedgl lrr ilnf xi xfj derlnx~ ia l~ h dggdm` elt flqj j|zlggt mj`lxdqj nim~j|zjmnj~-

Lgxfiz`f jri x~ ia rjx igjze fth inl oim jvri~z j dm fzelm~ S6%>U dm nlxxgj xfj ~lej ` izr jri xjh l~~indlxdim~ ojxpjjm~iz %`l~ agl dm` lmh dmn jl~jh d~c ia ~xdggod xf ln i~~ xf jj ia xfj aiz tjl ~~xzhdjh l~ pjgg l~ dmn jl~jh d~c ia nlga ei xlgdxt dm imj ia xfj tjl ~ ~xzhdjh-Dm l ~xzht ia flodxlx ~jgjnxdim ^lptj jx lg- S>8U aizmh xflx ezgj hjj xjmhjhxi eiqj lplt a ie l jl~ ia `l~ hjqjgirejmx lmh dm l jnjmx jri x S>:U a iexfj ~lej lzxfi xfj hjj rirzglxdim h irrjh ot 8: rj njmx dm imj tjl lmh xfj~z qdqlg lxj hjn jl~jh-

Kz~x l~ jrdhjedigi`dn ~xzhdj~ gdmcjh ~eicdm` xi fzelm fjlgxf derlnx~ ~znf~xzhdj~ nizgh oj z~jh xi l~~j~~ xfj fjlgxf derlnx~ ia `l~ h dggdm` irj lxdim~ imfzelm ojdm`~- ^xzhdj~ dm gloi lxi t lmdelg~ flqj lg~i ojjm l ripj azg xiigai gdmcdm` nierimjmx~ ia xiolnni ~eicj xi nlmnj mix imgt ojnlz~j nimx iggjh~xzhdj~ nlm oj himj ozx lg~i ojnlz~j o jjhdm` ntngj~ l j ~fi x lmh xfj l`j lxpfdnf nlmnj hjqjgir~ d~ pdxfdm l lm`j lnnj~~dogj xi gloi lxi t ~xzhdj~- Xfiz`f~znf nimx iggjh lmdelg ~xzhdj~ ia xfj jaajnx~ ia `l~ h dggdm` l j mix ajl~dogjlmdelg~ nlm mjqj xfjgj~~ ~j qj l~ ~jmxdmjg~ ai fzelm fjlgxf derlnx~- Lmdelg~

rl xdnzgl gt gdqj~xinc jeldm dm l nimadmjh l jl lmh dm ~iej nl~j~ l j nim%xdmzlggt jvri~jh xi lm jmqd imejmxlg xf jlx- Az xfj jaajnx~ im jr ihznxdimnlm oj ei j jlhdgt l~~j~~jh dm l fj h ia nlxxgj xflm dm l fzelm rirzglxdim~dergt hzj xi xfj fd`fj lxj~ ia jr ihznxdim-

Ai xfj rl~x tjl pj flqj ojjm hinzejmxdm` nl~j~ ia lmdelg lmh ipmj fjlgxf r iogje~ pdxf rixjmxdlg gdmc~ xi `l~ h dggdm`- Elmt nl~j~ l j nz jmxgt dmgdxd`lxdim- Xi r ixjnx dmhdqdhzlg~' r dqlnt lmh hzj xi im`idm` gj`lg lnxdim xfjhd~nz~~dim pdgg mix dmngzhj rj ~imlg dhjmxdatdm` dmai elxdim- Pj ~zeel d{jxfj j~zgx~ ia iz dmqj~xd`lxdim r iqdhj ~jqj lg nl~j ~xzhdj~ lmh nimngzhj pdxf

jnieejmhlxdim~ ai edmded{dm` i r jqjmxdm` ~dedgl r iogje~ dm xfj azxz j-Xfd~ ~xzht d~ mix lm jrdhjedigi`dn lmlgt~d~ ia xfj fjlgxf jaajnx~ ia `l~ h dggdm`

pfdnf nizgh r injjh xi ~iej jvxjmx pdxfizx cmipgjh`j ia xfj hjxldg~ ia xfjniergjv edvxz j~ ia xivdnlmx~ dmqigqjh- Dx d~ lg~i mix l ~xzht ia xfj fjlgxfderlnx~ ia ~rjndadn nfjednlg jvri~z j~ jglxjh xi l~ h dggdm` ~dmnj xfj mjnj~~l tdmai elxdim nlmmix oj ioxldmjh hzj xi xfj glnc ia xj~xdm` glnc ia azgg hd~ngi~z jia xfj Dmxj mlxdimlg Zmdim ia Rz j lmh Lrrgdjh Nfjed~x t &DZRLN$ mlej~lmh Nfjednlg Lo~x lnx~ ^j qdnj &NL^$ mzeoj ~ ia xfj nfjednlg~ z~jh lmh xfj

DERLNX^ IA @L^ H_DGGDM@ ) :>


4/27

dmhz~x t'~ z~j ia mimhd~ngi~z j l` jjejmx~- Mjqj xfjgj~~ xfj qlgzj ia xfd~ ~xzhtd~ xpiaigh- Ad ~x ngjl fjlgxf d~c~ l j r j~jmx dm `l~ h dggdm` irj lxdim~- Xfj~jnlmmix oj jgdedmlxjh ozx nlm oj hjn jl~jh ot nieeim~jm~j jai e~- jnimh iz ~xzht dggz~x lxj~ mix imgt ~jqj lg ri~~dogj gdmc~ ojxpjjm l~ h dggdm` lmh mj`lxdqjfjlgxf jaajnx~ ozx lg~i xfj hdaadnzgxdj~ l~~indlxjh pdxf nimhznxdm` nl jazg ~xzhdj~ia ~znf l gdmc- L`ldm ~dergj nieeim~jm~j rigdnt jai e~ nizgh alndgdxlxj xfjniggjnxdim ia hlxl xflx pizgh gjlh xi l nl jazg l~~j~~ejmx ia xfj fjlgxfnim~j|zjmnj~ ia `l~ h dggdm` im oixf fzelm~ lmh lmdelg~-

^ZEEL_T IA XFJ JAAJNX^ IA @L^ H_DGGDM@IM R_IHZNXDIM LMH NIERLMDIM

LMDELG^ LMH LMDELG IPMJ_^Xi hj~n doj fip jvri~z j~ elt innz lmh xi jri x fjlgxf jaajnx~ pj nim %

hznxjh dmxj qdjp~ pdxf lmdelg ipmj ~ dm ~dv ~xlxj~ &Nigi lhi Gizd~dlml MjpTi c Ifdi Rjmm~tgqlmdl Xjvl~$ laajnxjh ot `l~ h dggdm`- Dm lgg ozx imj nl~jpj ~ricj hd jnxgt pdxf lmdelg ipmj ~- Xfj jvnjrxdim pl~ l nl~j xflx flh

r jqdiz~gt ojjm hinzejmxjh ot xfj ~xlxj jmqd imejmxlg j`zglxi t l`jmnt S>1U-Pfjm ri~~dogj pj dmxj qdjpjh xfj ipmj ~' qjxj dml dlm~- Pfj j lqldglogjpj flqj ioxldmjh xfj j~zgx~ ia plxj ~idg lmh ld xj~xdm` l~ pjgg l~ xfj j~zgx~ia gloi lxi t xj~x~ im laajnxjh lmdelg~ lmh xfjd ipmj ~- Hinzejmxlxdim pl~ioxldmjh a ie xfj lmdelg ipmj ~ xfj qjxj dml dlm~ &pdxf rj ed~~dim ia xfjipmj ~$ h dggdm` nierlmt jr j~jmxlxdqj~ ~xlxj j`zglxi t l`jmndj~ lmh lA jjhie ia Dmai elxdim Lnx &AIDL$ j|zj~x a ie xfj Rjmm~tgqlmdl Hjrl xejmxia L` dnzgxz j- Nl~j~ pj j dhjmxdadjh ot j|zj~xdm` jaj lg~ a ie jmqd imejmxlg` izr~ lmh dmhdqdhzlg~ lnxdqjgt dmqigqjh dm dmagzjmndm` ~flgj `l~ rigdnt lmh~xzhtdm` dx~ jaajnx~- Ai jlnf nl~j l ~xlmhl h ~j dj~ ia |zj~xdim~ pl~ l~cjhdmngzhdm` xfj jvlnx ginlxdim ia jlnf ipmj '~ r irj xt3 hjxldg~ im pjgg~ dm xfj l jl&~zo~j|zjmxgt qj dadjh ot n i~~nfjncdm` pdxf ~xlxj jni h~ lmh z~dm` ~iaxpl jhjqjgirjh ai xfd~ r ikjnx elrrdm` xfj pjgg~ jglxdqj xi xfj ipmj '~ r irj xt$3hjxldg~ ia ~jd~edn xj~xdm` lmh pjgg agl dm`3 ginlxdim ia pl~xjplxj derizmhejmx~3

j~zgx~ ia plxj ~idg lmh ld xj~xdm`3 hjxldg~ ia lmdelg fz~olmh t lmh ejhdnlgjni h~ r jnjhdm` hz dm` lmh aiggipdm` h dggdm` hjrjmhdm` zrim xfj dmhdqdhzlg

nl~j3 l gd~x ia lmdelg~ &~rjndj~ o jjh l`j ~jv z~j &j-`- gdqj~xinc$$ ~i xjh dmxixfi~j fjlgxft lmh xfi~j zmfjlgxft3 fjlgxf fd~xi t ai lgg lmdelg~3 io~j qlxdim~ia pdghgdaj dm xfj l jl3 lmh fjlgxf fd~xi dj~ ia xfj fzelm~ gdqdm` dm xfj fiz~jfigh-L~ jlnf nl~j d~ hdaaj jmx xfj ~xlmhl h ai e pl~ z~jh l~ l ~xl xdm` ridmx pdxf

lhhdxdimlg dmai elxdim dmql dlogt ~zrrgdjh ot dmhdqdhzlg~ ojdm` dmxj qdjpjh-Ei j xflm imj%xfd h ia xfj nl~j~ dmqigqjh nimqjmxdimlg pjgg~ &~flggip i hjjrqj xdnlg pjgg~$ pdxf xfj jeldmhj nier d~dm` fi d{imxlg pjgg~ ~zokjnxjh xifd`f%qigzej fth lzgdn a lnxz dm`- Ojnlz~j ia xfj ~nlgj ia xfj fi d{imxlg pjggh dggdm` irj lxdim~ ~znf pjgg~ pj j ei j nieeimgt l~~indlxjh pdxf lmdelgfjlgxf r iogje~- Fipjqj nimqjmxdimlg pjgg~ flqj lg~i flh r iogje~

:8 ) OLEOJ_@J_ LMH I^PLGH


5/27


6/27


Xlogj ?- ^ze el t ia Dmhd qdhzlg Nl~j~

Nl~jXtrj ia

`l~ pjgg l ^iz nj Lmdelg Fjlgxf derlnx

8

:

1

0

6

4

^Q

^Q

^Q

^Q

HQ

HQ

HQ'FFQ

FFQ

FFQ

Pl~xjplxj hzerjh im r irj xtlmh dmxi n jjc

Pjgg)~r dm` plxj

Pjgg)~r dm` plxjRimh)n jjc plxjH dggdm` agzdh~ iqj lm pjgg rlh hz dm`

ogipizx

Pjgg)~r dm` plxjRimh)n jjc plxjPl~xjplxj derizmhejmx

lggj`jhgt nier ied~jh

Pjgg)~r dm` plxjRimh)n jjc plxj

Rimh)n jjc plxj

Pjgg)~r dm` plxj

Pjgg)~r dm` plxjRimh)n jjc plxjPl~xjplxj derizmhejmx mix

nimxldmjhPl~xjplxj hzerjh dmxi n jjc

Rimh)n jjc plxj^xi e plxj zmiaa a ie pjgg rlh

Pfdxj%xldgjhhjj

Oiqdmj

Oiqdmj

Oiqdmj

Ad~f

J|zdmjNlmdmj

Fzelm

Oiqdmj

Nlmdmj

Rizgx t

Fzelm

^im` od h~Fzelm

Ad~f

Oiht nimhdxdim

_jr ihznxdim'edgc r ihznxdim

_jr ihznxdim

_jr ihznxdim'` ipxf

^zhhjm hjlxf

Mjz igi`dnlgZ igi`dnlg'

`l~x idmxj~xdmlg'hj elxigi`dnlg

Zrrj j~rd lxi t'oz mdm` ia jtj~'fjlhlnfj'`l~x idmxj~xdmlg'hj elxigi`dnlg

_jr ihznxdim

_jr ihznxdim'hj elxigi`dnlg

^zhhjm hjlxf'ez~nzgi~cjgjxlg'hj elxigi`dnlg

Zrrj j~rd lxi t'oz mdm` ia jtj~'mjz igi`dnlg'`l~x idmxj~xdmlg'fjlhlnfj

^zhhjm hjlxfMjz igi`dnlg'

deezmigi`dnlg

^zhhjm hjlxf


7/27

DERLNX^ IA @L^ H_DGGDM@ ) :0

Xlogj ?- &Nimxh-$

Nl~jXtrj ia



8/27


Xlogj ?- &Nimxh-$

Nl~jXtrj ia



9/27

r inj~~ lggipdm` xfj jgjl~j ia a lnxz dm` agzdh~ dmxi lm lhklnjmx nip rl~xz jcdggdm`

?8

FFQ

FFQ

Pjgg)~r dm` plxjPl~xjplxj ~r jlh im ilh

Fth lzgdn a lnxz dm` agzdh ~rdgg a iexlmc

J|zdmjNlmdmj

Fzelm

Oiqdmj

Mjz igi`dnlg_jr ihznxdim'

`l~x idmxj~xdmlg_jr ihznxdim'

zrrj j~rd lxi t'oz mdm` ia jtj~'ql~nzgl '~jm~i t'fjlhlnfj

@l~x idmxj~xdmlg'mjz igi`dnlg'

j~rd lxi t'~zhhjm hjlxf

l ^Q 5 ~flggip qj xdnlg pjgg' HQ 5 hjjr qj xdnlg pjgg' FFQ 5 fi d{imxlg fd`f%qigzejfth lzgdnlggt a lnxz jh pjgg-


10/27

pl~xjplxj dmxi n jjc~ lmh ~rdgg~ i gjlcl`j ia pl~xjplxj a ie derizmhejmx~pj j ojgdjqjh ot al ej ~ xi j~zgx dm hjlxf~ iqj xdej rj dih~ xtrdnlggt lm`dm`a ie imj xi xf jj hlt~ pdxf nip~ `idm` hipm lmh zmlogj xi d~j hj~rdxj~terxielxdn x jlxejmx- Xfj ei~x nieeimgt jri xjh ~terxie~ pj j l~~indlxjhpdxf jr ihznxdim- Nlxxgj xflx flqj ojjm jvri~jh xi pl~xjplxj &agipolnc lmh)i

r ihznjh plxj $ i laajnxjh pjgg i rimh plxj elt flqj x izogj o jjhdm`- Pfjm o jh nip~ pj j gdcjpd~j jvri~jh al ej ~ jri xjh lm dmn jl~jh dmndhjmnj ia ~xdggoi m nlgqj~ pdxf lmh pdxfizx nim`jmdxlg lomi elgdxdj~ &ngjax rlglxj pfdxj lmh

ogzj jtj~$- Dm jlnf nl~j al ej ~ jri xjh xflx dm r jqdiz~ tjl ~ ~xdggoi m nlgqj~pj j l j &ajpj xflm imj rj tjl $- Dm ei~x nl~j~ pfj j hdl`mi~xdn~ pj j

rz ~zjh mi admlg hdl`mi~d~ pl~ elhj3 dm ixfj nl~j~ lnzxj gdqj i cdhmjt aldgz jpl~ ei~x nieeimgt aizmh- Ia xfj ~jqjm nlxxgj al e~ ~xzhdjh dm xfj ei~x hjxldg:2 rj njmx ia xfj fj h im lqj l`j pl~ laajnxjh ot hjlxf lmh aldgz j ia ~z qdqi ~xi o jjh- Dm imj nl~j jvri~z j xi h dggdm` pl~xjplxj gjh xi l |zl lmxdmj ia ojja nlxxgj lmh ~d`mdadnlmx zmnierjm~lxjh jnimiedn gi~~ xi xfj al ej ~-

Xfj ei~x h lelxdn nl~j pl~ xfj hjlxf ia 0U-Xpi nl~j~ dmqigqdm` ojja nlxxgj al e~ dmlhqj xjmxgt r iqdhjh nimx ig lmh

jvrj dejmxlg ` izr~- Dm imj nl~j l n jjc dmxi pfdnf pl~xjplxj pl~ lggj`jhgthzerjh pl~ xfj ~iz nj ia plxj ai 12 fjlh pdxf xfj jeldmdm` >1 fjlh dm xfjfj h cjrx dm ixfj rl~xz j~ pdxfizx lnnj~~ xi xfj n jjc- Ia xfj 12 fjlh xflxpj j jvri~jh xi xfj n jjc plxj ?< hdjh lmh 1 xflx pj j mix jvri~jh mi fjlgxf r iogje~ pj jio~j qjh lmh imgt imj nip aldgjh xi o jjh- Lx lmixfj al e


11/27

~r dm` n jjc i rimh- _jr ihznxdqj r iogje~ &d j`zgl ntngj~ aldgz j xi o jjhloi xdim~ lmh ~xdggod xf~$ lmh mjz igi`dnlg r iogje~ &~jd{z j~ dmnii hdmlxdimlxlvdl$ pj j xfj ei~x nieeimgt jri xjh- Ixfj nieeimgt jri xjh ~terxie~dmngzhjh xfi~j ia `l~x idmxj~xdmlg &qiedxdm` hdl fjl$ lmh hj elxigi`dnlg&fld lmh ajlxfj gi~~ l~fj~$ i d`dm-

Dm xfj elki dxt ia nl~j~ ipmj ~ ia lmdelg~ pj j jvri~jh zrim z~dm` xfjd pjgg i ~r dm` plxj ai h dmcdm` niicdm` ~fipj dm` lmh olxfdm`- Zrrj

j~rd lxi t ~terxie~ &dmngzhdm` oz mdm` ia xfj mi~j lmh xf ilx$ lmh oz mdm`ia xfj jtj~ pj j xfj ei~x nieeimgt jri xjh- Fjlhlnfj~ lmh ~terxie~ l~~i %ndlxjh pdxf xfj `l~x idmxj~xdmlg &qiedxdm` hdl fjl$ hj elxigi`dnlg & l~fj~$lmh ql~nzgl &mi~jogjjh~$ ~t~xje~ pj j nieeimgt jri xjh-

NL^J^ DGGZ^X_LXDM@ XFJ JAAJNX^ IA@L^ H_DGGDM@ IM R_IHZNXDIM LMH NIERLMDIM

LMDELG^ LMH XFJD_ IPMJ_^

Nl~j


14/27

~iim laxj ~flgj `l~ irj lxdim~ oj`lm dm xfd~ mjd`foi fiih xfj nfdgh~ hinxi ed`fx mix flqj i hj jh xivdnigi`t xj~x~ l~ l ~jmdn rid~imdm` d~ mix lnieeim hdl`mi~d~-

Nl~j ?

Dm xfd~ nl~j l ojja nlxxgj al ej flh l fj h ia 41 nlxxgj &Lm`z~ Gdeiz~dmjn i~~$ xflx pl~ hdqdhjh leim` xf jj rl~xz j~- Xfj al e d~ ginlxjh dm lm l jlia dmxjm~dqj `l~ h dggdm` pdxf xpi lnxdqj ~flggip qj xdnlg `l~ pjgg~ im xfjal ej ~ r irj xt lmh lrr ivdelxjgt


15/27

z~j3 xfj plxj ai xfj fj h niej~ a ie l n jjc xflx i d`dmlxj~ a ie ~r dm`~ loiqjlmh ojgip xfj pjgg rlh lmh ~rdggiqj a ie l rimh ojgip xfj pjgg rlh- Xfj `l~pjggfjlh d~ >22 ajjx a ie xfj al ej ~' fiz~j lmh ?:2 ajjx a ie xfjd plxj pjgg-Xfj pjgg rlh d~ 0: ajjx a ie xfjd ol m lx fd`fj jgjqlxdim lmh ~girj~ hd jnxgthipm xi xfj hii - L imj%ln j derizmhejmx z~jh xi niggjnx pl~xjplxj a ie xfjfd`f%qigzej fth lzgdn a lnxz dm` irj lxdim~ lmh l %ln j h dggdm` ezh~ rdxz~jh xi niggjnx xfj nfjednlg~ lmh agzdh~ o iz`fx xi xfj ~z alnj hz dm` h dggdmìrj lxdim~ pj j oixf pdxfdm >:2 ajjx ia xfj al ej ~' plxj pjgg lmh pdxfdm?22 ajjx ia xfj n jjc lmh xfj rimh pfj j xfj nlxxgj h dmc-

îim laxj fth lzgdn a lnxz dm` irj lxdim~ nimngzhjh xfj al ej ~ mixdnjh xflxim xfj al olmc ia xfj pl~xjplxj derizmhejmx xpi hl c ~rix~ nizgh oj ~jjmlhklnjmx xi l ?2%ln j nip rl~xz j- Lnni hdm` xi xfj al ej ~ xfj~j xpi ~rix~ pj jl nimnj m l~ xfjt ` jp dm ~d{j a ie hlt xi hlt3 lrr ivdelxjgt imj eimxf laxj ad ~x io~j qdm` xfj~j ~rix~ xfj al ej ~ aizmh lmcgj%hjjr plxj dm imj%xfd h ia lm ln j ia xfj rl~xz j pdxf xfj pjx l jl jvxjmhdm` lmixfj imj%|zl xj ia lmln j dmxi xfj rl~xz j3 xfj rl~xz j ` l~~ dm xfj~j l jl~ lrrjl jh xi oj oz mjh-Ajl dm` xfjd fj h h lmc xfj pl~xjplxj xfjt qigzmxl dgt |zl lmxdmjh xfjd al elmh mixdadjh xfj ~xlxj jmqd imejmxlg j`zglxi t l`jmnt-

Lnni hdm` xi xfj al ej ~ h dggdm` nierlmt pi cj ~ dmai ejh xfje xflx xfjgdmj ~ ia oixf xfj pl~xjplxj derizmhejmx lmh xfj h dggdm` ezh~ rdx flh xpi%aiixxjl ~ lmh xflx xfj xjl dm xfj gdmj ia xfj pl~xjplxj derizmhejmx flh nlz~jhxfj gjlc dmxi xfj nip rl~xz j- Jvnjrx ai xfj xpi ozgg~ xfj jmxd j fj h pl~jvri~jh xi xfj pl~xjplxj gjlcl`j-

Aiz mixdnj~ ia qdiglxdim~ pj j d~~zjh xi xfj h dggdm` nierlmt ot xfj ~xlxjjmqd imejmxlg j`zglxi t l`jmnt; aldgz j xi mixdat xfj l`jmnt der irj gt gdmjhderizmhejmx &r j~~z j xj~xdm` ia gdmj jqjlgjh l aldgjh rlxnf$ riggzxdim ia l~r dm` lmh al e rimh hzj xi gjlcl`j ia xfj derizmhejmx lmh ed~elml`jejmx ia

j~dhzlg pl~xj &pl~xjplxj gjlcjh a ie xfj derizmhejmx imxi xfj ` izmh lmh~z alnjh dm lm lhklnjmx rl~xz j$-

Xj~xdm` ia xfj pl~xjplxj dm xfj derizmhejmx dmhdnlxjh xfj r j~jmnj ia nlgndze d im el`mj~dze elm`lmj~j rixl~~dze ~ihdze ~x imxdze agzi dhjnfgi dhj ~zgalxj lmh o iedhj3 xfj j pl~ mi jri xjh xj~xdm` ai lmt i `lmdnnierizmh~- ^x imxdze pl~ ia ei~x nimnj m; dx nlm oj xivdn xi oixf lmdelg~ lmh

rjirgj ojnlz~j dx jrglnj~ nlgndze dm oimj j~rjndlggt dm xfj tizm` lmh ojnlz~jdx elt xlcj tjl ~ xi oj jgdedmlxjh a ie xfj oiht S8>U- Xfj ~xlxj jmqd im %ejmxlg j`zglxi t l`jmnt rglnjh l |zl lmxdmj im xfj fj h ~znf xflx elxz j nip~pizgh oj fjgh a ie ~glz`fxj ai ~dv eimxf~ tjl gdm`~ pizgh oj fjgh ai mdmj

eimxf~ nlgqj~ jvri~jh dm zxj i pizgh oj fjgh ai jd`fx eimxf~ lmh ` ipdm`nlgqj~ pizgh oj fjgh ai xpi tjl ~- ^dv ia xfj jvri~jh nip~ jqjmxzlggtpjmx im xi ~glz`fxj lmh lnni hdm` xi xfj al ej ~ xfj j pl~ mi xj~xdm` ojai ji laxj ~glz`fxj -

R j%h dggdm` xj~x~ pj j mix himj im lmt ia xfj nlxxgj~ ~iz nj~ ia plxj 3 ri~x%h dggdm` xj~x~ pj j himj lmh jqjlgjh mi ~d`mdadnlmx admhdm`~- îdg xj~x~ himj

DERLNX^ IA @L^ H_DGGDM@ ) 1:


16/27

im xfj nip rl~xz j nimxledmlxjh ot xfj gjlcjh pl~xjplxj jqjlgjh fd`f gjqjg~ia nfgi dhj ~zgalxj ~ihdze lmh ~x imxdze pfjm nierl jh xi olnc` izmh~lergj~- Xfj gdmj ~ a ie oixf xfj pl~xjplxj derizmhejmx lmh h dggdm`%ezh~

rdx pj j jeiqjh xfj laajnxjh ~idg jeiqjh lmh l jl~ jejhdlxjh3 ~zgalxjnimnjmx lxdim~ jeldmjh lx fd`f gjqjg~ dm xfj nip rl~xz j hj~rdxj jejhdlxdim-

Hz dm` xfj ~r dm` ia xfj ad ~x nlgqdm` ~jl~im aiggipdm` xfj gjlcl`j ia pl~xjplxj dmxi xfjd nip rl~xz j xfj al ej ~ gi~x xpi nlgqj~; imj nlga pl~loi xjh glxj%xj e lmh xfj ixfj nlga gdqjh ai lrr ivdelxjgt ~jqjm hlt~ ojai jhtdm` S88U3 oixf nlgqj~ pj j jvri~jh dm zxj i xi xfj pl~xjplxj - Dm xfj ~jnimhnlgqdm` ~jl~im ri~x%h dggdm` xfj al ej ~ gi~x


17/27

oj nflm`jh xi alndgdxlxj ojxxj hlxl niggjnxdim lmh xi lqidh ioqdiz~ d~c~ xilmdelg lmh fzelm fjlgxf-

R ln xdnj~ ai R i qdhdm` Ojxxj L~ ~j~~ ejmx ia Fjlgxf De rlnx~

Mimhd~ngi~z j L` jj ejmx~

Mimhd~ngi~z j l` jjejmx~ ojxpjjm dmkz jh rl xdj~ lmh ni ri lxdim~ elcj dxhdaadnzgx xi hinzejmx dmndhjmx~ ia nimxledmlxdim- Nierjm~lxdim dm xfj ai e ia nl~f rltejmx ai lgg ~jxxgjejmx jvrjm~j~ lm iaaj xi ozt xfj r irj xt lmh)i

rltejmx ai ejhdnlg jvrjm~j~ dm jvnflm`j ai l mimhd~ngi~z j l` jjejmx r jqjmx~ dmai elxdim im nimxledmlxdim jrd~ihj~ lmh fjlgxf jaajnx~ a ie ojdm`

hinzejmxjh lmh lmlgt{jh- Mimhd~ngi~z j l` jjejmx~ l j nieeim dm lgg l jl~ ia oz~dmj~~ lmh l j iaxjm j~~jmxdlg xi r ixjnx dmxjggjnxzlg r irj xt- Fipjqj pfjmhinzejmxlxdim ia fjlgxf r iogje~ l~~indlxjh pdxf `l~ irj lxdim~ d~ ~fdjghjha ie rzogdn ~n zxdmt ot l mimhd~ngi~z j l` jjejmx xfd~ d~ ngjl gt l ed~z~j ia xfd~ deri xlmx oz~dmj~~ xiig lmh ~fizgh oj r ifdodxjh- Gdcjpd~j xfj glnc ia

r di xj~xdm` ia ld lmh plxj lmh ia aiggip%zr xj~xdm` hz dm` h dggdm` lmh laxj dmndhjmx~ ia ~z~rjnxjh nimxledmlxdim derjhj~ xfj lmlgt~d~ ia fjlgxf derlnx~-Jqjm pfjm xj~xdm` d~ himj xfj j~zgx~ l j ojdm` pdxffjgh a ie dmxj j~xjh rl xdj~jdxfj ot ìqj mejmx l`jmndj~ &j-`- ot dmniergjxj j~rim~j~ xi AIDL j|zj~x~$i ot xfj dmhz~x t- Da xfj dmhz~x t ìqj mejmx l`jmndj~ lmh xfj rzogdn x zgtplmx xfj alnx~ xfjm lrr ir dlxj xj~xdm` ez~x oj himj lmh azgg hd~ngi~z j ia lgghlxl l~~indlxjh pdxf oixf ol~jgdmj lmh dmndhjmx~ ia ~z~rjnxjh nimxledmlxdimez~x oj elhj- Pdxfizx azgg hd~ngi~z j ia lgg alnx~ ~ndjmxdadn ~xzhdj~ nlmmix

r irj gt oj himj- ^ndjmnj ~fizgh h dqj hjnd~dim~ im pfjxfj i mix xi z~j l r lnxdnj ~znf l~ ~flgj `l~ h dggdm` lmh zmxdg ~ndjmxdadn ~xzhdj~ nlm r injjhzmderjhjh xfjm lm lnnz lxj l~~j~~ejmx nlmmix oj elhj-

Aiih lajxt

L elki r iogje d~ xfj glnc ia ajhj lg azmhdm` ai aiih ~lajxt j~jl nf-Pj hinzejmxjh nl~j~ pfj j aiih%r ihzndm` lmdelg~ jvri~jh xi nfjednlgnimxledmlmx~ flqj mix ojjm xj~xjh ojai j ~glz`fxj lmh pfj j al e~ dm l jl~xj~xdm` ri~dxdqj ai ld lmh)i plxj nimxledmlxdim l j ~xdgg r ihzndm` hld t lmhejlx r ihznx~ ai fzelm nim~zerxdim pdxfizx xj~xdm` ia xfj lmdelg~ i xfj

r ihznx~- îej ia xfj~j nfjednlg~ nizgh lrrjl dm edgc lmh ejlx r ihznx~ elhja ie xfj~j lmdelg~- Dm Nl~j > l |zl lmxdmj pl~ dm~xdxzxjh laxj nlxxgj pj j

jvri~jh xi pl~xjplxj - Fipjqj ol~dn cmipgjh`j ~znf l~ figh xdej~ ai lmdelg~ jvri~jh xi nfjednlg nimxledmlmx~ l~ l j~zgx ia `l~ irj lxdim~ d~glncdm` lmh j~jl nf dm xfd~ l jl d~ hj~rj lxjgt mjjhjh xi eldmxldm lm lhj|zlxjgjqjg ia aiih ~lajxt dm iz nizmx t S:>U- Pdxfizx xfd~ dmai elxdim nimxledmlmx~dm xfj plxj ~idg lmh ld a ie `l~ h dggdm` irj lxdim~ nizgh xldmx ejlx r ihznx~elhj a ie xfj~j lmdelg~ xfz~ nier ied~dm` xfj ~lajxt ia xfj aiih ~zrrgt-

DERLNX^ IA @L^ H_DGGDM@ ) 10


18/27

_izxj~ ia Jv ri ~z j

Xfj elki izxj ia jvri~z j dm xfj nl~j~ hinzejmxjh fj j d~ xf iz`f plxj nimxledmlxdim- Xfd~ d~ rj flr~ xfj ei~x ioqdiz~ r iogje &~jjm dm lgg xf jj nl~j~xzhdj~$ ozx ixfj izxj~ ia jvri~z j l j ia ~j diz~ nimnj m- ^idg nimxledmlxdimnlm oj ~d`mdadnlmx dm ~dxzlxdim~ ~znf l~ xflx hj~n dojh dm Nl~j >- Lgxfiz`f xfjnl~j~ pj flqj hinzejmxjh xfz~ al dmngzhj imgt l flmhazg ia jvri~z j~ xf iz`flaajnxjh ld xfj lnxzlg dmndhjmnj ia fjlgxf jaajnx~ elt oj zmhj j~xdelxjh hzjxi l glnc ia ld ~lergdm`- Dm Nl~j < xivdnigi`dnlg xj~xdm` ~z``j~xjh fd`f gjqjg~ia leodjmx ojm{jmj hzj xi l mjl ot derizmhejmx rimh ozx ld nlmd~xj xj~x~pj j mix himj lx xfj xdej- Mjdxfj h dggdm` nierlmdj~ mi ~xlxj jmqd imejmxlg

j`zglxi t l`jmndj~ izxdmjgt iaaj ld nlmd~xj xj~x~ l~ l rl x ia xj~xdm` r ixi %

nig~ lmh hzj xi xfj jvrjm~j elmt r irj xt ipmj ~ l j jgznxlmx xi rz ~zj xfjeim xfjd ipm- Mjqj xfjgj~~ xfj jaajnx~ ia ld riggzxdim im nl hdiql~nzgl lmhj~rd lxi t fjlgxf flqj ojjm pjgg hinzejmxjh S:8U lmh pj ojgdjqj xflx jvri~z j

xi nimxledmlxjh ld elt nimx dozxj ~d`mdadnlmxgt xi xfj fjlgxf r iogje~ ia oixf rjirgj lmh lmdelg~ gdqdm` mjl `l~ h dggdm` irj lxdim~- Dm ~jqj lg nl~j~ pfj j ld eimdxi dm` pl~ himj xfj j~zgx~ nimad ejh xfj r j~jmnj ia nl ndmi`jm~ nie %eimgt cmipm xi i d`dmlxj a ie `l~ dmhz~x dlg r inj~~j~ ~znf l~ jvrgi lxdimh dggdm` agl dm` lmh nier j~~dim- Xfz~ xfj Jmqd imejmxlg R ixjnxdim L`jmnt&JRL$ ez~x dmngzhj l ~xzht ia ld dm dx~ nim` j~~dimlggt elmhlxjh fth lzgdna lnxz dm` ~xzht S::U da dx d~ xi oj niergjxj-

Xj~x dm`

Xfj ei~x deri xlmx j|zd jejmx ai lm l~~j~~ejmx ia xfj derlnx ia l~ h dggdm`im lmdelg lmh fzelm fjlgxf d~ niergjxj xj~xdm` ia ld lmh plxj r di xi h dggdm`lmh lx j`zgl dmxj qlg~ laxj h dggdm` fl~ nieejmnjh- Xfd~ dmngzhj~ nfjednlg~z~jh dm xfj h dggdm` ezh~ a lnxz dm` agzdh lmh pl~xjplxj &xfj glxxj nimxldm~fjlqt ejxlg~ lmh lhdilnxdqj nierizmh~ mi elggt aizmh dm l rl xdnzgl ~flgjS:1U$- Nz jmxgt xfj jvxjmx ia xj~xdm` &rl xdnzgl gt ai i `lmdn nierizmh~$ d~a j|zjmxgt dmlhj|zlxj lmh gdedxjh ot glnc ia dmai elxdim im pflx ~zo~xlmnj~pj j z~jh hz dm` xfj h dggdm` r inj~~- Dm l mzeoj ia xfj nl~j~ xflx pj flqj~xzhdjh h dmcdm` plxj d~ ngjl gt zm~zdxlogj ai fzelm lmh lmdelg nim~zerxdim

ol~jh mix imgt im xfj ~ejgg lmh xz odhdxt ozx lg~i im rlxfigi`dnlg jlnxdim~ xih dmcdm` xfj plxj - Mjqj xfjgj~~ ojnlz~j ia dmlhj|zlxj xj~xdm` xfj plxj d~hjjejh adx ai nim~zerxdim lmh z~j lmh mjdxfj oixxgjh plxj mi xfj gl `j rgl~xdnnimxldmj ~ cmipm l~ plxj ozaalgij~ l j xtrdnlggt r iqdhjh ai xfj laajnxjh

dmhdqdhzlg~%lmh jqjm gj~~ nieeimgt ai lmdelg~ gdqdm` im xfi~j al e~- Dm Nl~j


19/27

xlcj dmxi nim~dhj lxdim jaajnx~ lx ~d`mdadnlmxgt gipj nimnjmx lxdim~ &j-`- jmhi%n dmj hd~zrxdim S:U$- Az xfj ei j xfj hd~ngi~z j ia lgg nfjednlg~ dmqigqjh dm xfjh dggdm` lmh fth lzgdn a lnxz dm` r inj~~j~ d~ mix j|zd jh da l nierimjmx nlm oj

kz~xdadjh l~ l x lhj ~jn jx- Dm i hj xi oj niergjxj ld ~idg lmh lgg ~iz nj~ ia rixlogj plxj z~jh ai fzelm~ lmh lmdelg~ dm xfj qdndmdxt ia l pjgg ~dxj &lx gjl~xpdxfdm > 222 ajjx ai ~idg lmh plxj xj~x~ S:0U lmh adqj edgj~ ai ld eimdxi dm`

ol~jh im hd~rj ~dim eihjgdm` ia jed~~dim~ a ie nier j~~i ~xlxdim~ S:6U$ ez~x ojxj~xjh ai lgg nierimjmx~ xflx l j dmqigqjh dm h dggdm` lmh l j gdcjgt xi oj aizmh dmpl~xjplxj ojai j lmt pi c im xfj ~dxj nieejmnj~- lergdm` ez~x xfjm oj jrjlxjhlx dmxj qlg~ aiggipdm` xfj nieejmnjejmx ia h dggdm` l~ pjgg l~ zrim ~z~rdndim ia lhqj ~j jaajnx~- Xfj aiggipdm` r lnxdnj~ ez~x oj rl x ia l xj~xdm` r ixinig;

- Zrim ~z~rdndim ia lhqj ~j fjlgxf jaajnx~ xj~xdm` ez~x dmngzhj ld ~idgpl~xjplxj lgg ~iz nj~ ia h dmcdm` plxj lmh ogiih z dmj lmh xd~~zj~lergj~ a ie laajnxjh lmdelg~ lmh fzelm~- Da ejxflmj d~ r j~jmx dmh dmcdm` plxj d~ixirdn lmlgt~d~ xi hjxj edmj xfj i d`dm &xfj ei`jmdn q~-

odi`jmdn$ ez~x oj himj-8- L~ dggz~x lxjh ot ~jqj lg nl~j~ pj hinzejmxjh ld nlmd~xj xj~x~ l j j~~jm %

xdlg- Xfd~ ez~x oj himj l~ l ol~jgdmj ojai j h dggdm` oj`dm~ lmh hz dm` lmhlaxj pjgg agl dm`- Dx ez~x lg~i oj himj laxj l pl~xjplxj derizmhejmxlmh l nier j~~i ~xlxdim flqj ojjm j~xlogd~fjh-

:- Lmt a lnxz dm` agzdh nfjednlg~ lmh nfjednlg~ jgjl~jh a ie xfj ~flgjxflx l j cmipm i ri~~dogj fzelm nl ndmi`jm~ l j j`zglxjh zmhj xfj^laj H dmcdm` Plxj Lnx i l j gd~xjh l~ fl{l hiz~ ld riggzxlmx~ zmhj

xfj Ngjlm Ld Lnx ez~x flqj ENG~ pfdnf l j ~jx ot xfj JRL- Elmt ia xfjnfjednlg~ xi pfdnf oixf rjirgj lmh lmdelg~ l j jvri~jh l~ l j~zgx ia fd`f%qigzej fth lzgdn a lnxz dm` l j mix gd~xjh l~ r del t nimxledmlmx~lmh xfz~ flqj mi jmai njlogj ENG- Ei j xflm flga ia xfj nfjednlg~ gd~xjhl~ xivdn nfjednlg~ dm l jnjmxgt jgjl~jh Z-^- Fiz~j ia _jr j~jmxlxdqj~

jri x S:4U flqj mi ENG-

DERLNX^ IA @L^ H_DGGDM@ ) 14


20/27

1- Lgg xj~xdm` jvrjm~j~ ez~x oj l rl x ia xfj ni~x ia hidm` oz~dmj~~ ai `l~h dggdm` nierlmdj~-

Xj~xdm` ojai j lmh hz dm` h dggdm` irj lxdim~ d~ lm deri xlmx rl x ia hinz%ejmxdm` fjlgxf jaajnx~- Da fjlgxf jaajnx~ l j jglxjh xi l nfjednlg r j%jvd~xdm` dm l

rimh i pjgg xfd~ pizgh r jqjmx l alg~j l~~indlxdim ojxpjjm h dggdm` lmh plxj nimxledmlxdim- Lgxj mlxdqjgt da l nflm`j dm nfjednlg nieri~dxdim d~ ni jglxjhxi fjlgxf nflm`j~ xfjm l ~x im` kz~xdadnlxdim ai nierjm~lxdim d~ r iqdhjh- Dmmzej iz~ nl~j~ xflx pj hinzejmxjh nierjm~lxdim pl~ mix r iqdhjh ojnlz~jlhj|zlxj r di xj~xdm` flh mix ojjm himj- Ot hidm` niergjxj xj~xdm` lx xfj r irj xdej~ l ngjl ~ndjmxdadn kz~xdadnlxdim nlm oj elhj ai r iqdhdm` i hjmtdm` nie%

rjm~lxdim- Ojtimh xflx l ojxxj zmhj ~xlmhdm` ia pflx r lnxdnj~ gjlh xi plxj

nimxledmlxdim nlm oj ioxldmjh- Xfd~ pdgg oj l ojmjadx xi rjirgj gdqdm` dm xfjedh~x ia ~flgj `l~ h dggdm` lmh pdgg dm alnx ojmjadx xfj dmhz~x t ot r iqdhdm`nim~d~xjmx lmh z~jazg hlxl xi `zdhj irj lxdim~- Xfj nz jmx r lnxdnj ia zmhj % xj~xdm` lmh hjmtdm` lmt gdmc ojxpjjm h dggdm` lmh plxj ld i ~idg nimxledmlxdimd~ ojmjadndlg xi mjdxfj xfj rzogdn mi xfj dmhz~x t-

R ln xdnj~ ai Lqidh dm` Lmdelg lmh Fz elmJv ri ~z j xi Jm qd imejm xlg Xivdnlmx~

L~ ~flgj `l~ h dggdm` jvrlmh~ ln i~~ xfj mi xfjl~xj m Zmdxjh ^xlxj~ jvri~z jia lmdelg~ lmh fzelm~ xi jmqd imejmxlg xivdnlmx~ nlm j~zgx a ie mj`gd`jmnjdggj`lg lnxdim~ nlxl~x irfdn lnndhjmx~ &lx h dggdm` rlh~ i nier j~~i ~xlxdim~$i mi elg irj lxdim~- Mj`gd`jmnj lmh dggj`lg lnxdim~ l j hdaadnzgx xi r jqjmxlmh elt flqj nimx dozxjh xi xfj fjlgxf r iogje~ pj hinzejmxjh- ^z~rjnxjhdggj`lg hzerdm` ia pl~xjplxj lmh xfj lggj`jh nier ied~j ia xfj gdmj ia lpl~xjplxj derizmhejmx pj j ei~x gdcjgt j~rim~dogj ai nlxxgj hjlxf~ dm xpidm~xlmnj~ xflx pj ~xzhdjh- Nl~j~ ia lggj`jh p im`hidm` S12U dggz~x lxj xfjqzgmj lodgdxt ia l` dnzgxz lg irj lxdim~ dm xfj edh~x ia gl `j qigzej~ ia xivdnpl~xj- Hzerdm` lmh ixfj dmxjmxdimlg qdiglxdim~ l j hdaadnzgx xi r jqjmx i

j`zglxj `dqjm xfj gl `j mzeoj ~ ia ~elgg nierlmdj~ dmqigqjh dm ~j qdndm`h dggdm` irj lxdim~ lmh xfj glnc ia pdggdm`mj~~ lmh azmhdm` im xfj rl x ia ~xlxjjmqd imejmxlg j`zglxi t l`jmndj~ xi dmqj~xd`lxj lmh admj xfj `l~ dmhz~x t- Xfj

r jqlgjmnj ia ~elgg ~zonimx lnxi ~ dmn jl~j~ xfj ri~~dodgdxt xflx oj~x r lnxdnj~pdgg mix oj aiggipjh hzj xi dmlhj|zlxj x ldmdm` lmh ~zrj qd~dim-

Lgxfiz`f lnndhjmx~ ed`fx oj edmded{jh pdxf ~x dnx ~lajxt ~xlmhl h~ lmhnl jazg dm~rjnxdim j`zglxi t l`jmndj~ pizgh j|zd j ~zaadndjmx ~xlaa xi eimdxi

irj lxdim~- Xfd~ d~ ioqdiz~gt mix xfj nl~j dm Rjmm~tgqlmdl pfj j 111 jmqd im %ejmxlg fjlgxf lmh ~lajxt qdiglxdim~ flqj ojjm jri xjh dm ?24 lnxdqj pjgg~ &l~ ia Hjnjeoj?2


21/27

ri~dxdim~ j|zd jh xi rigdnj xfd~ dmhz~x t lhj|zlxjgt pizgh mjnj~~l dgt oj qj tgl `j fd dm` ia mjp dm~rjnxi ~ d~ j~~jmxdlg da jmqd imejmxlg lmh fjlgxf hlel`j~l j xi oj edmded{jh- Mjp Ti c Rjmm~tgqlmdl lmh Dipl l j xfj imgt lnxdqjh dggdm` ~xlxj~ xflx flqj mi ~jqj lmnj xlv ai h dggdm` irj lxdim~- L ~jqj lmnjxlv nizgh azmh lhhdxdimlg dm~rjnxi ~ lmh fjgr dm~z j niergdlmnj pdxf jvd~xdm`

j`zglxdim~ lgxfiz`f xfd~ pdgg j|zd j xfj rigdxdnlg pdgg xi gjqt l xlv ~zaadndjmxxi azmh xfj j|zd jh mzeoj ia dm~rjnxi ~- @dqjm xfj fd`f r iolodgdxt xflxlnndhjmx~ pdgg flrrjm S1>U dmn jl~dm` ~jxolnc~ ojxpjjm fiej~ ol m~ ~nfiig~

rimh~ lmh ~x jle~ pizgh r iqdhj ~iej lhhdxdimlg ~jnz dxt- Xfj nz jmx j`z %glxdim dm Rjmm~tgqlmdl d~ l ~jxolnc ia ?22 ajjx a ie plxj ~zrrgt ~r dm`~ lmhpjgg~


22/27

pl~xjplxj ~fizgh oj ~xi jh dm irjm derizmhejmx~- Pfj jl~ xfd~ elt oj jnimiednlggt lhqlmxl`jiz~ xi xfj h dggdm` nierlmt xfj jmqd imejmxlglmh l` dnzgxz lg derlnx~ l j xii ` jlx xi lggip xfd~ r lnxdnj xi nimxdmzj- DmRjmm~tgqlmdl ~iej r i` j~~ fl~ ojjm elhj dm jntngdm` dmn jl~dm` a lnxdim~ia xfj pl~xjplxj - Xfd~ hjn jl~j~ xfj xixlg qigzej ia pl~xjplxj ozx dmn jl~j~dx~ xivdndxt hzj xi xfj ~znnj~~dqj dmn jl~j dm xfj nimnjmx lxdim~ ia xixlg hd~%~igqjh ~igdh~- Xfj lgxj mlxdqj d~ xi ~xi j pl~xjplxj dm ejxlg nimxldmj ~ lx xfjh dggdm` ~dxj ojai j dx d~ jeiqjh ai hd~ri~lg-

Admlggt xfj hd~ri~lg ia pl~xjplxj r j~jmx~ ~d`mdadnlmx jmqd imejmxlg d~c~-Nl~j~ ia lggj`jh hzerdm` ia zmx jlxjh pl~xjplxj dm ~x jle~ flqj ojjm hinz %ejmxjh dm xfj r j~~ &j-`- S12U$- Dm xfj ~izxfpj~xj m Zmdxjh ^xlxj~ pl~xjplxj d~ hd~ri~jh ia dm dmkjnxdim pjgg~3 fipjqj xfj r jqlgjmnj ia mimri iz~ ~lmh %~ximj~ lmh ~flgj~ dm Rjmm~tgqlmdl lmh Mjp Ti c ^xlxj gl `jgt r jngzhj~ xfjz~j ia hd~ri~lg pjgg~- Lm jl xf|zlcj ia el`mdxzhj >-? pl~ l~~indlxjh pdxfdmkjnxdim dmxi l fth lzgdnlggt a lnxz jh qj xdnlg pjgg im Ajo zl t > ?22< mjl Lqinl Mjp Ti c S10U ~z``j~xdm` xflx ~jd~edn nim~dhj lxdim~ elt az xfj gdedx xfj hjqjgirejmx ia dmkjnxdim pjgg~ dm Mjp Ti c ^xlxj- ^dedgl ~jd~edninnz jmnj~ dm ixfj rl x~ ia xfj nizmx t ei~x jnjmxgt dm Ifdi S16U elt ejlmxflx Mjp Ti c lmh Rjmm~tgqlmdl pdgg flqj ajpj irxdim~ ai hd~ri~lg ia pl~xjplxj hzj xi ~flgj `l~ h dggdm`- Dm Elt ?2


23/27

xi jhznj xfj derlnx im fzelm lmh lmdelg~ ez~x oj j|zd jh dm lhhdxdim xi azgghd~ngi~z j lmh xj~xdm` ia ld plxj ~idg lmdelg~ lmh fzelm~-

LNCMIPGJH@EJMX^

Pj pizgh gdcj xi xflmc ^lmh l Rihzgcl &Ni mjgg Zmdqj ~dxt$ lmh H - ^lmh l^xjdm` loj &Dxflnl Niggj`j$ ai nieejmx~ im lm jl gt h lax ia xfj elmz~n drx-

MIXJ^


24/27

_jqdjp ia xfj Gdxj lxz j Rjhdlx dn Jej `jmnt Nl j >&>$ &


25/27

>?- N- G- Plghmj N- ^- _doogj lmh J- H- Klm{jm Jqlgzlxdim ia xfj Derlnx ia l Mlxz lg@l~ Gjlc a ie l Rdrjgdmj im R ihznxdqdxt ia Ojja Nlxxgj Kiz mlg ia xfj Lej dnlmQjxj dml t Ejhdnlg L~~indlxdim ?


26/27

84- L- G- Rirj jx lg- Xfj Jaajnx ia ^zgrfz im 0:^j Lo~i rxdim lmh _jxjmxdim dm^fjjr Kiz mlg ia Mzx dxdim


27/27

H - Nim lh Hlmdjg Qig{- fxxr;))jrp-~jmlxj-`iq)rzogdn)dmhjv-nae9Az~jLnxdim5Adgj~-Qdjp!Adgj^xi jYdh5:0h0%866j%444a%8j

_ioj x J- I~plgh

Hjrl xejmx ia Eigjnzgl EjhdndmjNi mjgg Zmdqj ~dxtDxflnl MT j%eldg; ji

Documents

Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health by Robert Oswald and Michelle Bamberger, January 2012