ImperialismImperialism

AfricaAfrica

The Scramble for AfricaThe Scramble for Africa

The Scramble for AfricaThe Scramble for Africa The focus of most of The focus of most of

Europe’s imperialist Europe’s imperialist activities in the 19activities in the 19thth century was Africa.century was Africa.

The demand for raw The demand for raw materials, markets, materials, markets, and the prestige of and the prestige of having colonies having colonies drove imperialist drove imperialist Europe to Africa.Europe to Africa.

External Reasons for External Reasons for ImperialismImperialism

After the 1880’s Europeans had After the 1880’s Europeans had technological superiority due to the technological superiority due to the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution Europeans fought with machine guns/Africans Europeans fought with machine guns/Africans

had spears and bows.had spears and bows. Better maps Better maps Easier travel with the steam ship and railroads. Easier travel with the steam ship and railroads.

Made travel on water or land faster and allowed Made travel on water or land faster and allowed for close contract with colonies.for close contract with colonies.

Medical treatment of malaria with the drug Medical treatment of malaria with the drug quinine.quinine.

Internal Reasons for Internal Reasons for ImperialismImperialism

African nations lacked unityAfrican nations lacked unityNo common languageNo common languageLack of common cultureLack of common cultureWars between different groupsWars between different groupsLack of technologyLack of technology

The Scramble for AfricaThe Scramble for Africa King Leopold of King Leopold of

BelgiumBelgium In the 1870’s Leopold In the 1870’s Leopold

establishes a trade in establishes a trade in the Congo River basin.the Congo River basin.

Leopold forced Leopold forced Africans to work on Africans to work on rubber plantationsrubber plantations

Harsh taxation and Harsh taxation and forced labor leads the forced labor leads the world to call for world to call for humanitarian changes humanitarian changes in the Congo.in the Congo.

The Berlin ConferenceThe Berlin Conference

Rules for the Rules for the Colonization of AfricaColonization of Africa In 1884 European In 1884 European

powers trying to powers trying to colonize Africa were colonize Africa were coming into conflict.coming into conflict.

To avoid further To avoid further conflict 14 European conflict 14 European powers set up rules for powers set up rules for colonizing Africa.colonizing Africa.

No members of the No members of the African community African community were present.were present.

The Berlin ConferenceThe Berlin Conference

The agreement between the The agreement between the European powers specifiedEuropean powers specifiedEuropean powers could acquire European powers could acquire

colonies in the following methods.colonies in the following methods.Through occupation.Through occupation.Notifying other European states of the Notifying other European states of the

occupation and claim.occupation and claim.Showing that the European power could Showing that the European power could

control the area.control the area.

The Berlin ConferenceThe Berlin Conference

Results of the ConferenceResults of the ConferenceIn 1850 most of Africa had been free.In 1850 most of Africa had been free.By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia were By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia were

free of European control.free of European control.

Result of ColonizationResult of Colonization

Europeans did not find a new market Europeans did not find a new market for goods in Africafor goods in AfricaAfricans had little currency to buy Africans had little currency to buy

goods.goods.

Instead Europeans found that Africa Instead Europeans found that Africa had a great deal of wealth and raw had a great deal of wealth and raw materials to supply the European materials to supply the European nationsnations

Result of ColonizationResult of Colonization Raw MaterialsRaw Materials

Europeans Europeans developed cash-developed cash-crop plantationscrop plantations

PeanutsPeanuts Palm oilPalm oil Cocoa Cocoa RubberRubber

These plantations These plantations displaced food displaced food crops Africans crops Africans needed to feed needed to feed their families.their families.

WealthWealth Africa contain rich Africa contain rich

mineral resourcesmineral resources The Belgian CongoThe Belgian Congo

TinTin CopperCopper

South AfricaSouth Africa GoldGold DiamondsDiamonds

The British In AfricaThe British In Africa

Britain was the Britain was the most active and most active and successful in successful in colonization of colonization of Africa.Africa. NigeriaNigeria South AfricaSouth Africa East AfricaEast Africa EgyptEgypt SudanSudan

British Problems in AfricaBritish Problems in Africa

South AfricaSouth AfricaPrior to British colonization of South Prior to British colonization of South

Africa Dutch farmers called Boers Africa Dutch farmers called Boers settled in South Africa.settled in South Africa.

In the early 1800’s Britain acquired In the early 1800’s Britain acquired South Africa from the Dutch.South Africa from the Dutch.

The Boers hated the British and clashed The Boers hated the British and clashed with the British over policies of land with the British over policies of land ownership and slavery.ownership and slavery.

British Problems in AfricaBritish Problems in Africa The Boers clashed The Boers clashed

with the British in the with the British in the Boer War.Boer War.

The war pitted The war pitted European nation European nation against European against European nation.nation.

The war was known The war was known as a total war and as a total war and both guerrilla warfare both guerrilla warfare and commando tactics and commando tactics were used.were used.

British Problems in AfricaBritish Problems in Africa The Zulus were The Zulus were

strong African strong African nation who clashed nation who clashed with the British.with the British.

Superior British Superior British technology and technology and weapons defeated weapons defeated the Zulu.the Zulu.

This was a common This was a common result for those who result for those who resisted European resisted European Imperialism.Imperialism.

Impact of Imperialism in Impact of Imperialism in AfricaAfrica

PositivesPositives Reduced local warfareReduced local warfare Brought hospitals and Brought hospitals and

schools to Africa.schools to Africa. Increased life spans Increased life spans

and literacy rates.and literacy rates. Gained railroads, dams, Gained railroads, dams,

and telephone linesand telephone lines Africa products were Africa products were

valued on the valued on the international market. international market.

NegativesNegatives Africans lost their landAfricans lost their land Lost of independenceLost of independence Large amounts of the Large amounts of the

African population died African population died of European diseases.of European diseases.

SmallpoxSmallpox Loss of traditional Loss of traditional

cultureculture Division of African Division of African

nations by European nations by European boundariesboundaries

Forced laborForced labor