ImperialismImperialism

Warm Up – Define the Warm Up – Define the following:following:

1.1. ImperialismImperialism2.2. CapitalismCapitalism3.3. NationalismNationalism

Queen VictoriaQueen Victoria

Imperialism Imperialism or or

NationalismNationalism??

Issue: decide Issue: decide whether the picture whether the picture depicts imperialism depicts imperialism or nationalism and or nationalism and tell why you chose tell why you chose as you did.as you did.

1. 1. ImperialismImperialism – – When a strong When a strong nation dominates other countries nation dominates other countries socially, economically & politicallysocially, economically & politically

““Conquering foreign lands”Conquering foreign lands”

Example: Atlantic Slave TradeExample: Atlantic Slave Trade

IssueIssue: How is the Atlantic Slave : How is the Atlantic Slave Trade an example of Imperialism?Trade an example of Imperialism?

2. 2. CapitalismCapitalism – Economic system in – Economic system in which the means of production are which the means of production are privately owned and operated for privately owned and operated for profitprofit

““Individual ownership of business Individual ownership of business & property, geared towards & property, geared towards profit”profit”

IssueIssue: What is 1 positive feature & : What is 1 positive feature & 1 negative feature of Capitalism?1 negative feature of Capitalism?

3. 3. NationalismNationalism – The belief that – The belief that people should be loyal mainly to people should be loyal mainly to their nation.their nation.

““A sense of identity & unity with A sense of identity & unity with the people in your country.”the people in your country.”

IssueIssue: Is Nationalism necessary for : Is Nationalism necessary for a healthy nation? How can a healthy nation? How can Nationalism be a problem?Nationalism be a problem?

Why Imperialism? Why Imperialism?

Empire BuildingEmpire Building EconomicsEconomics Political and Military Political and Military

InterestsInterests Power and AuthorityPower and Authority Nineteenth Century – Nineteenth Century –

1800s1800s British Dominance - British Dominance -

called the Victorian Era called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 yearsruled for 64 years

The Sun Never Sets on the The Sun Never Sets on the British EmpireBritish Empire

What does this quote mean? What does this quote mean?

<Look at the map><Look at the map>

Imperialism and Empire - AfricaImperialism and Empire - Africa 1880 – Most of 1880 – Most of

Africa consisted of Africa consisted of independent independent statesstates

1914 – With the 1914 – With the exception of exception of Ethiopia and Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Liberia, all of Africa was Africa was controlled by controlled by EuropeansEuropeans

Forces Enabling African and Forces Enabling African and Indian ImperialismIndian Imperialism

European technological superiorityEuropean technological superiority• SteamboatsSteamboats• Automatic machine gunAutomatic machine gun• LocomotiveLocomotive• TelegraphTelegraph

Europeans had the means to control their Europeans had the means to control their empiresempires• Easy travelEasy travel• Wide spread communicationWide spread communication

African and Indian disunityAfrican and Indian disunity• Huge variety of culturesHuge variety of cultures• Fighting among culturesFighting among cultures• Huge business interests and support fromHuge business interests and support from

companiescompanies

British in IndiaBritish in India British East India British East India company controlled company controlled

much of India using sepoys.much of India using sepoys. SepoysSepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim – Native Hindu or Muslim

mercenary private policemercenary private police Crops: Crops: opium poppies opium poppies for sale in China for sale in China

and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empirethe British empire

Cotton textile making outlawed in IndiaCotton textile making outlawed in India The Raj The Raj “British Rule” “British Rule” was so profitable, was so profitable,

it was called the “it was called the “Jewel in the CrownJewel in the Crown.”.”

Imperialism and Empire - IndiaImperialism and Empire - India The Sepoy Rebellion The Sepoy Rebellion

allowed British soldiers to allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of invade and control all of IndiaIndia

The British established The British established control of India and its control of India and its neighbors by 1914.neighbors by 1914.

The British controlled The British controlled Australia, New Zealand Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest The worlds’ biggest empire!empire!

Imperialism in ChinaImperialism in China Because of repeated attempts Because of repeated attempts

at invasion, China distrusted at invasion, China distrusted foreigners and tried to remain foreigners and tried to remain isolationist.isolationist.

China felt that other nations China felt that other nations were barbaric compared to were barbaric compared to ChinaChina

They restricted Europeans to They restricted Europeans to trade in one city (Guangzhou).trade in one city (Guangzhou).

Britain gained spheres of Britain gained spheres of influence in China through influence in China through smuggling opium. Resulted in smuggling opium. Resulted in Opium War Opium War and and Boxer Boxer RebellionRebellion. .

Suez Canal - 1875Suez Canal - 1875

Europeans needed a faster way to Europeans needed a faster way to get from the Mediterranean to the get from the Mediterranean to the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

The French and the Egyptians, with The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies.to connect the two water bodies.

Because Egypt could not pay their Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britainto Great Britain

1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal.over control of the canal.

Imperialism in AmericaImperialism in America Early imperialism called Early imperialism called Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny – to expand – to expand

from “sea to shining sea.” Indian wars, the Mexican War from “sea to shining sea.” Indian wars, the Mexican War and the Civil War have been called examples of such and the Civil War have been called examples of such imperialism. imperialism.

Americans moved out into the Pacific Ocean in the Americans moved out into the Pacific Ocean in the nineteenth century (1800s). Took control of Hawaii nineteenth century (1800s). Took control of Hawaii through threat of force.through threat of force.

Japan – in 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opened up Japan – in 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opened up trade with Japan by threatening military action. trade with Japan by threatening military action.

Japanese opened up trade to everyone. By 1830, Japanese opened up trade to everyone. By 1830, JapanJapan itself was an itself was an imperialist powerimperialist power, taking control of the , taking control of the Pacific.Pacific.

Fought a war with Spain in 1898. Acquired the Fought a war with Spain in 1898. Acquired the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico. (Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico. (Spanish American Spanish American WarWar))

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade.

NationalismNationalism

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.

Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.

Missionary SpiritMissionary Spirit

Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies.

Economic CompetitionEconomic Competition

CausesCauses

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

ColonizationColonization

Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.

ChristianizationChristianization

Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies.

Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics

Effects

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.

Causes of ImperialismCauses of Imperialism

S – Population growth; new knowledge S – Population growth; new knowledge (technology)(technology)

P – Competition between gov’t in P – Competition between gov’t in Europe; spheres of influenceEurope; spheres of influence

I – New Weapons; Need for “bases”I – New Weapons; Need for “bases” C – Racial Superiority; White Man’s C – Racial Superiority; White Man’s

BurdenBurden E – Raw Materials, new markets for E – Raw Materials, new markets for

goodsgoods

Effects of ImperialismEffects of Imperialism

S – Continued population growth for S – Continued population growth for Europeans; race implies social class Europeans; race implies social class

P – British Empire (largest ever); P – British Empire (largest ever); European gov’t ideals spread;European gov’t ideals spread;

I – Wars for land/resources; I – Wars for land/resources; C – Spread of European culture, art, C – Spread of European culture, art,

languagelanguage E – European wealth; dependent E – European wealth; dependent

nations suffernations suffer

QuestionsQuestions 1. How did European imperialism improve peoples’ lives?1. How did European imperialism improve peoples’ lives? 2. How did European imperialism harm peoples’ lives?2. How did European imperialism harm peoples’ lives? 3. What is an example of economic imperialism?3. What is an example of economic imperialism? 4. What is the most successful imperialist nation during 4. What is the most successful imperialist nation during

this period? What allowed them to be so successful (be this period? What allowed them to be so successful (be specific)?specific)?

5. What does the term “Sphere of Influence” mean? 5. What does the term “Sphere of Influence” mean? Where & How does America have a “Sphere of Influence” Where & How does America have a “Sphere of Influence” today?today?

6. Explain the Sepoy Rebellion & how it led to Britain 6. Explain the Sepoy Rebellion & how it led to Britain gaining direct control of Indiagaining direct control of India

7. Why did the Chinese restrict trade with Europe to one 7. Why did the Chinese restrict trade with Europe to one city?city?

8. What is the term for British Rule in India?8. What is the term for British Rule in India? 9. How did the Industrial Revolution give Europeans an 9. How did the Industrial Revolution give Europeans an

edge over other cultures?edge over other cultures? 10. Why did European Nations “Scramble for Africa” in 10. Why did European Nations “Scramble for Africa” in

the 19the 19thth century? century?