Implementation of Collection Tree Protocol in QualNet

Senthil Kumar Sevugan (42762375)Santhosh Rajathayalan (25764968)

Problem Statement

• To implement Collection Tree Protocol in QualNet Network Simulator and compare its performance with other well known Wireless Sensor Network routing protocol AODV (Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol)

Introduction

• CTP is a tree based collection routing protocol that provides best effort, address free, any-cast datagram communication between source node and one of the root nodes in the Wireless Sensor Network.

• Each node in CTP chooses its next hop based on a routing gradient called Expected Transmission Value (ETX)

Introduction

• CTP uses Routing messages (beacons) for tree construction and link maintenance between nodes in WSN

• Data messages are used to report application data from various source nodes to the sink node.

Related Work

• CTP provides a stable code base for a robust, reliable collection routing and so it is used by researchers as a baseline against which new protocol mechanisms or designs are evaluated

• Ugo and Silvia Santini implemented CTP in the Castalia WSN simulator 3.0

• Omprakash and Rodrigo evaluated two features of wireless routing protocols Datapath Validation and Adaptive beaconing in CTP Noe

Contributions

• Literature review of CTP in WSN and its implementation in Castalia and OMNET++ simulators

• Senthil Kumar- Design and implementation of routing tables, packet structures, CTP message/data send function and packet routing/handling function.

• Santhosh- Implementation of CTP message/data receive function, statistics and finalize function. Run CTP simulations in QualNet and compare the performance with AODV

System Design and Implementation

• The Software modules are developed in C and tested in QualNet

• The standard implementation of CTP consists of three main logical software components: the Routing Engine (RE), the Forwarding Engine (FE), and the Link Estimator (LE)

• Routing Engine is responsible for sending and receiving Beacons as well as creating and updating the routing table

System Design and Implementation

• Forwarding engine is responsible for forwarding data packets from application layer of the same node and also from neighboring nodes. It also detects and repairs routing loops

• LE takes care of determining the inbound and out bound quality of 1-Hop communication links as it computes it by collecting statistics over the number of successfully transmitted data packets

System Design and Implementation

Routing Table Data Structure

RE Routing Table data structure

typedef struct RE_table_row{

Address neighborid;UInt8 neighborseq;UInt32 outInterface;UInt16 multietx;clocktype lastupdated;BOOL isParent;

}CtpRERouteEntry;

LE Routing Table data structure

typedef struct LE_table_row{

Address neighborid;UInt8 neighborseq;UInt32 outInterface;UInt8 onehopetx;clocktype lastupdated;

} CtpLERouteEntry;

Packet Data Structure

Data Packet structure

typedef struct{

UInt8 flagreserved;UInt8 thl;UInt16 multietx;UInt32 origin;UInt8 seq;UInt8 collectId;

}CtpDataPacket;

Routing Packet structure

typedef struct{

UInt8 NEreserved;UInt8 seq;UInt8 PCreserved;UInt32 parent;UInt16 multietx;

}CtpRoutingPacket;

Evaluations

• Implementation of CTP was tested and evaluated in both Mobile WSN and Static WSN in QualNet

• CTP simulation scenarios varied on factors like the number of nodes in the WSN, distance between nodes and the application data transmitted from source to sink nodes

• CTP performance evaluation under various simulation scenario was based on Data Delivery Ratio, Control Traffic Overhead and Application Level Packet Latency

QualNet Simulator

Mobile Nodes in WSN

AODV Simulation Statistics

Conclusions• In this project, details about the CTP was analyzed and

implemented

• Understanding the functionalities of QualNet Network simulator and verifying the Collection Tree Protocol in WSN

• CTP performance comparison with AODV in WSN using simulation statistics

• As a future work, optimization features like Data path Validation and Adaptive beaconing can be added to the CTP implementation