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1
IMPLEMENTATION OF IFRS 15
AUGUST 2018
2
Important Notice
• The information in this document has not been independently verified and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, the fairness, accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information or opinions contained herein. None of the Company, directors, employees or any of its affiliates, advisors or representatives shall have any liability whatsoever (in negligence or otherwise) for any loss whatsoever arising from any use of this document, or its contents, or otherwise arising in connection with this document
• This document does not constitute or form part of any offer or invitation to sell, or any solicitation of any offer to purchase any shares in the Company, nor shall it or any part of it or the fact of its distribution form the basis of, or be relied on in connection with, any contract or commitment or investment decisions relating thereto, nor does it constitute a recommendation regarding the shares of the Company
• Certain statements in this presentation are forward looking statements. Words such as "expect", "believe", "plan", "will", "could", "may" and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. By their nature, forward looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties or assumptions that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward looking statements. These risks, uncertainties or assumptions could adversely affect the outcome and financial effects of the plans and events described herein. Statements contained in this presentation regarding past trends or activities should not be taken as representation that such trends or activities will continue in the future. You should not place undue reliance on forward looking statements, which only speak as of the date of this presentation.
• The Company is under no obligation to update or keep current the information contained in this presentation, including any forward looking statements, or to correct any inaccuracies which may become apparent and any opinions expressed in it are subject to change without notice
3
Contents
1 Executive Summary
2 Recap of Commercial Models
3 Key Differences: IAS 11 vs IFRS 15
4 IFRS 15 Enhanced disclosure
5 IFRS 15 Impact
Appendix IFRS 15 Worked Example
4
Executive Summary
• IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ replaces IAS 11 ‘Construction Contracts’ and IAS 18 ‘Revenue’ from 1 January 2018
• Introduction of IFRS 15 has no material impact on Engineering & Production Services (EPS) or Integrated Energy Services (IES) revenue recognition
• Recognition of Engineering & Construction (E&C) project revenue changed from output (stage of completion) method to input (cost to cost) method
– Transition adjustment of US$40 million (post-tax), recognised as a reduction to opening equity reserves at 1 January 2018
• IFRS 15 also impacts recognition of variable consideration such as
liquidated damages and variation orders
– Best estimate replaced by expected value approach
– Transition adjustment of US$21 million (post-tax), recognised as a reduction to opening equity reserves at 1 January 2018
• IFRS 15 requires some balance sheet reclassification, additional disclosure and changes to nomenclature
1
5
Our Commercial ModelsFlexible delivery models aligned to our clients’ needs
Example:
Al Taweelah refinery, UAE
Fixed price and
schedule from
project outset.
Petrofac assumes
full risk and control.
Services provided
using a variety of
commercial models
including typical
EP+Cm as well as
reimbursable +KPIs.
Client assumes full
risk and control.
Petrofac provides a
man-hour rate and
works under
direction.
Services
(Fully reimbursable)
Lump-sum turnkey
(Fixed price)EPCm
Reimbursable E&P
convertible to
lump-sum
E&P reimbursable
contract which
converts to lump-
sum EPC at agreed
stages of the model
review.
Examples:
RHIP, Yibal Khuff, Sakhalin
& Marmul Polymer Phase 3
Examples:
BP Khazzan CPF &
Turkstream
Examples:
Duqm Refinery, RAPID,
Sohar, KNPC Clean Fuels,
Lowers Fars,UZ750
2
6
Item Lump-sum Turnkey Reimbursable Services
Revenue • Fixed price
• Schedule of rates, including mark-up for
overheads and profit (cost-plus)
• Performance fee / incentive income often
included in duty holder contracts
Costs
• Engineering & project support (in house, 10-15%
of contract value (CV))
• Procurement (vendors, 50-60% CV)
• Construction (subcontractors, 25-40% CV)
• Large proportion of input costs are personnel
costs
Duration • Typically 3-4 years• Contract duration typically 3-5 years, but can be
shorter or open-ended
Payment
terms• Generally in arrears (30-45 day terms) • Generally in arrears (0-30 day terms)
Working
capital
• Client billing based on a combination of physical
progress & milestones (contractual)
• Often receive cash advance
• Cash inflows & outflows broadly matched
• Personnel costs paid in month work performed
Commercial
terms
• Assessed variation orders (AVOs) raised for
additional works or changes to contract
• Contract includes liquidated damages (LDs)
linked to time delays and performance
• LDs can be mitigated by extension of time (EOT)
claims for delays not caused by Petrofac
• Limited commercial exposure through contractual
and insurance provisions
2 Commercial Models ComparedLump-sum turnkey versus reimbursable services
7
Item IAS 11 IFRS 15
Measuring
Contract
Progress
• Output method based on client certified physical
survey
• Risk adjusted percentage of completion (RAPOC)
based on overall project progress agreed with
customer
• Input method (cost-to-cost) represents the value
of goods and services transferred to customer
based on progress certified by the customer
• Percentage progress calculated based on
Engineering, Procurement, Construction,
Commissioning activities etc. multiplied by total
estimate at completion cost for each activity
Contract costs
and accrued
contract
expenses
• RAPOC multiplied by the forecast cost-at
completion
• Costs accrued where actual invoiced costs are
lower than expensed RAPOC based costs
(accrued contract expense)
• Costs deferred (capitalised) where actual
invoiced costs are higher than expensed
RAPOC based costs
• Costs recorded on a typical accrual basis
• Achieved by estimating costs on a
disaggregated basis. Each cost type has a
methodology; e.g. customer certified progress of
a specific activity
• Costs are accrued where value of work done
exceeds actual invoiced costs (accrued contract
expense)
Variable
consideration:
AVOs and LDs
• AVOs are recognised as revenue when
‘probable’ – typically interpreted as a greater
than 50% likelihood
• Similarly, LDs are initially recorded when it is
considered the likelihood of payment is probable
• Variable consideration – both AVOs and LDs –
will be assessed/re-assessed at contract
inception and each reporting date using
expected value approach
• May only be recorded if highly probable that
significant reversal in revenue will not occur in
future when uncertainty resolved - possible that
AVOs will be recorded later than under IAS 11
3 Key Differences: IAS 11 vs IFRS 15Changes affecting Petrofac’s revenue recognition
8
Item IAS 11 IFRS 15
Work in progress • Reclassified to contract assets
Billings in excess
of cost and
estimated earnings
• Reclassified to contract liabilities
Advances from
customers• Recognised in trade and other payables
• Offset against contract assets (on individual
contract basis)
• Amounts (on individual contract basis) that do
not fully offset contract assets reclassified from
trade and other payables to contract liabilities
Retentions • Recognised in trade and other receivables
• Reclassified as contract assets (a retention is
normally released on project closure therefore
it is dependent upon performance obligation)
Assessed variation
orders (AVOs)
• Amount of AVOs, adjusted for POC,
recognised in contract assets and disclosed in
the notes to the consolidated financial
statements
Accrued income
• Accrued income reclassified from trade
receivables to contract assets if right to
payment is conditional
Accrued contract
expenses• Separately recognised in current liabilities
• Estimation accruals continue to be reported as
accrued contract expenses
Backlog • Unaudited
• Unfulfilled portion of contracts (backlog) and
ageing disclosed in notes to accounts (at full
year only)
3 Key Differences: IAS 11 vs IFRS 15Balance sheet reclassifications and nomenclature
9
IFRS 15 Enhanced DisclosureDisaggregation of revenue 1,2
E&C EPS IES Total
Geographical segment
Kuwait 783 1 - 783
Saudi Arabia 536 - - 536
Oman 171 164 - 335
United Kingdom - 257 26 283
United Arab Emirates 136 54 - 190
Germany 134 - - 134
Algeria 128 - - 128
Iraq - 108 - 108
Turkey - 89 - 89
Mexico - 2 45 47
Malaysia 35 7 3 45
Australia - 1 28 29
Tunisia - 2 15 17
Others 18 23 19 60
Total 1,941 708 136 2,785
4
1. Six months ended 30 June 2018 (unaudited)
2. See note 3 of 2018 Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
10
IFRS 15 Enhanced DisclosureDisaggregation of revenue 1,2
E&C EPS IES Total
Type of goods or service
Lump-sum 1,941 107 - 2,048
Reimbursable - 601 30 631
Sale of crude oil and gas - - 106 106
Total 1,941 708 136 2,785
Customer type
Government 1,586 225 45 1,856
Non-government 355 483 91 929
Total 1,941 708 136 2,785
Timing of revenue recognition
Services transferred over
time1,941 708 30 2,679
Goods transferred at a
point in time- - 106 106
Total 1,941 708 136 2,785
4
1. Six months ended 30 June 2018 (unaudited)
2. See note 3 of 2018 Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
11
IFRS 15 Enhanced DisclosureContract assets & contract liabilities – reconciliation at full year only
Work in
progress
Retention
receivableAdvances
Billings in
excess of cost
and estimated
earnings
Opening balance XXX XXX XXX XXX
Progress achieved for which billings milestones not yet
achievedXXX
Billed to customer upon achieving billing milestones XXX
Amounts retained during the period XXX
Retentions released during the period XXX
Expected credit losses booked/(reversed) XXX XXX
Advances received during the period XXX
Unwinding of advances received XXX
Revenue recognised relating to prior periods due to change in
transaction price (AVOs and LDs)XXX
Revenue recognised relating to prior periods due to change in
progress measure (in case of change to POC)*XXX
Revenue recognised that was included as liability at the
beginning of the periodXXX XXX
Others XXX XXX XXX XXX
Closing balance XXX XXX XXX XXX
4
12
IFRS15 Enhanced Disclosure: Pro-FormaBalance sheet reclassifications and nomenclature alignment
Balance
Sheet as at
31 December
2017
Advances
from
customers5
Retentions3Accrued
income4
Advances
from
customers6
Balance
Sheet pro-
forma
Balance
sheet at 30
June 2018
Current Assets
Inventories 8 8 4
Trade and other receivables 2,020 (379) (163) 1,478 1,566
Contract assets1 2,223 (351) 379 163 2,414 2,245
Other financial assets 146 146 227
Income tax receivable 9 9 10
Cash and short-term deposits 967 967 712
Subtotal 5,374 5,023 4,765
Assets Held for Sale 217 217 117
Total 5,591 5,240 4,882
Current Liabilities
Trade and other payables 1,675 (351) (185) 1,139 1,090
Contract liabilities2 198 185 383 420
Interest-bearing loans and
borrowings725 725 802
Other financial liabilities 151 151 146
Income tax payable 251 251 223
Accrued contract expenses 1,956 1,956 1,597
Provisions 26 26 44
Subtotal 4,982 4,631 4,322
Liabilities Held for Sale - - 29
Total 4,982 4,631 4,351
4
Notes:
1 Contract assets comprise work in progress (including AVOs), retentions receivables and accrued income
2 Contract liabilities comprise billings in excess of costs & estimated earnings and advances from customers
3 Retention receivables of US$379m reclassified from trade and other receivables to contract assets
4 Accrued income of US$163m reclassified from trade and other receivables to contract assets
5 Advances from customers of US$351m reclassified from trade and other payables for individual customer contracts that offset against contract assets
6 Advances from customers of US$185m that do not fully offset against contract assets reclassified from trade and other payables to contract liabilities
13
IFRS 15 Impact1 January 2018 backlog / reserves
• EPS & IES: no material IFRS 15 adjustment
• E&C: all E&C contracts deemed to have single performance obligation
• Opening E&C adjustment does not apply to:
– Projects where substantial performance obligations under contract have been
delivered to customer at time of initial application of IFRS 15 (1 January 2018)
– Early stage projects where margin recognition threshold was not achieved by 1
January 2018 (and therefore revenue = cost)
• Adjustment calculation therefore based on 14 E&C projects:
– Output method (IAS 11) - Risk-Adjusted Percentage of Completion (RAPOC) as
certified by client - replaced by:
– Input method (cost-to-cost): represents value of goods and services transferred
based on progress from Progress Measurement System (PMS) certified by client
5
14
IFRS 15 Impact1 January 2018 backlog / reserves
• On average, IFRS 15 resulted in modest deceleration of cumulative
revenue recognition
– Backlog on 1 January 2018 increased by US$62 million
– Transition adjustment of US$42 million (post-tax) relating to change to input
method recognised as reduction to 1 January 2018 reserves
• IFRS 15 also impacts recognition of variable consideration such as
liquidated damages and variation orders; ‘best estimate’ replaced by
‘expected value’ approach:
– Transition adjustment of US$20 million (post-tax) recognised as reduction to 1
January 2018 reserves
• Potential for modest acceleration of revenue recognition in E&C going
forward
5
15
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 142 150 130 120 215 410 154 121 209 110 231
Retentions 3 8 11
Trade & other receivables 150 150 410 410 209 242 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 147 225 225 402 168 209 105 242 228
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 117 225 117 108 225 168 168 133 105 105 95 228
Contract liabilities 100 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 13 12 48 21 17 15
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Periodic debits & credits
Cash received at inception
of project (10% contract
value advance payment),
offset by contract liability
16
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 142 150 130 120 215 410 154 121 209 110 231
Retentions 3 8 11
Trade & other receivables 150 150 410 410 209 242 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 147 225 225 402 168 209 105 242 228
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 117 225 117 108 225 168 168 133 105 105 95 228
Contract liabilities 100 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 13 12 48 21 17 15
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Periodic debits & credits
Revenues recognised equal
to costs when POC is less
than Milestone billing POC
17
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 142 150 130 120 215 410 154 121 209 110 231
Retentions 3 8 11
Trade & other receivables 150 150 410 410 209 242 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 147 225 225 402 168 209 105 242 228
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 117 225 117 108 225 168 168 133 105 105 95 228
Contract liabilities 100 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 13 12 48 21 17 15
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Periodic debits & credits
Gross margin is recognised
only when POC milestone is
reached
18
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 142 150 130 120 215 410 154 121 209 110 231
Retentions 3 8 11
Trade & other receivables 150 150 410 410 209 242 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 147 225 225 402 168 209 105 242 228
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 117 225 117 108 225 168 168 133 105 105 95 228
Contract liabilities 100 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 13 12 48 21 17 15
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Periodic debits & credits
Retentions of 2% of
Contract Value for
performance insurance
19
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 142 150 130 120 215 410 154 121 209 110 231
Retentions 3 8 11
Trade & other receivables 150 150 410 410 209 242 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 147 225 225 402 168 209 105 242 228
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 117 225 117 108 225 168 168 133 105 105 95 228
Contract liabilities 100 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 13 12 48 21 17 15
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Periodic debits & credits
Work-in-progress increases
until you reach POC for
milestone billing
20
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 142 150 130 120 215 410 154 121 209 110 231
Retentions 3 8 11
Trade & other receivables 150 150 410 410 209 242 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 147 225 225 402 168 209 105 242 228
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 117 225 117 108 225 168 168 133 105 105 95 228
Contract liabilities 100 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 13 12 48 21 17 15
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Periodic debits & credits
AVOs can impact the
overall contract value
at any point
21
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 142 150 130 120 215 410 154 121 209 110 231
Retentions 3 8 11
Trade & other receivables 150 150 410 410 209 242 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 147 225 225 402 168 209 105 242 228
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 117 225 117 108 225 168 168 133 105 105 95 228
Contract liabilities 100 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 13 12 48 21 17 15
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Periodic debits & credits
Cash collection often
occurs after project
completion
22
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Cumulative balance sheet
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 130 250 55 209 121
Retentions 3 3 3 11 11
Trade & other receivables 150 410 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 100 100 22 22 203 31 31 136 150
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 225 117 225 168 133 238 228
Contract liabilities 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 38 50 98 119 135 150 150
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Cash received at inception
of project (10% contract
value advance payment),
offset by contract liability
23
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Cumulative balance sheet
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 130 250 55 209 121
Retentions 3 3 3 11 11
Trade & other receivables 150 410 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 100 100 22 22 203 31 31 136 150
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 225 117 225 168 133 238 228
Contract liabilities 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 38 50 98 119 135 150 150
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Revenues recognised equal
to costs when POC is less
than Milestone billing POC
24
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Cumulative balance sheet
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 130 250 55 209 121
Retentions 3 3 3 11 11
Trade & other receivables 150 410 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 100 100 22 22 203 31 31 136 150
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 225 117 225 168 133 238 228
Contract liabilities 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 38 50 98 119 135 150 150
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Gross margin is recognised
only when POC milestone is
reached
25
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Cumulative balance sheet
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 130 250 55 209 121
Retentions 3 3 3 11 11
Trade & other receivables 150 410 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 100 100 22 22 203 31 31 136 150
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 225 117 225 168 133 238 228
Contract liabilities 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 38 50 98 119 135 150 150
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Retentions of 2% of
Contract Value for
performance insurance
26
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Cumulative balance sheet
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 130 250 55 209 121
Retentions 3 3 3 11 11
Trade & other receivables 150 410 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 100 100 22 22 203 31 31 136 150
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 225 117 225 168 133 238 228
Contract liabilities 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 38 50 98 119 135 150 150
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Work-in-progress increases
until you reach POC for
milestone billing
27
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Cumulative balance sheet
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 130 250 55 209 121
Retentions 3 3 3 11 11
Trade & other receivables 150 410 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 100 100 22 22 203 31 31 136 150
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 225 117 225 168 133 238 228
Contract liabilities 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 38 50 98 119 135 150 150
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
AVOs can impact the
overall contract value
at any point
28
Appendix: IFRS 15 Worked Example Cumulative balance sheet
Start 6 Months 12 Months 18 Months 24 Months 30 Months 36 Months 42 Months 48 Months 54 Months
1 Jan X0 30 June X0 31 Dec X0 30 June X1 31 Dec X1 30 June X2 31 Dec X2 30 June X3 31 Dec X3 30 June X4
ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC ACWP EAC
Revenue 120 1000 250 1000 380 1000 500 1000 715 1100 869 1100 990 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Costs 108 900 225 900 342 900 450 900 617.5 950 750.5 950 855 950 950 950 950 950
Gross Profit 12 100 25 100 38 100 50 100 97.5 150 118.5 150 135 150 150 150 150 150
Gross Profit Margin 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
POC 12% 25% 38% 50% 65% 79% 90% 100% 100%
Milestone billing POC 25% 25% 60% 60% 60% 80% 100% 100% 100%
Debits (D) & Credits (C) D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C D C
Income Statement
Revenue 108 142 130 120 215 154 121 110
Cost of Sales 108 117 117 108 168 133 105 95
Profit 25 13 12 47 21 16 15
Current Assets
Contracts assets 8 130 250 55 209 121
Retentions 3 3 3 11 11
Trade & other receivables 150 410 209 242
Cash & Short-term
Deposits100 100 100 22 22 203 31 31 136 150
Current Liabilities
Trade & other payables 108 225 117 225 168 133 238 228
Contract liabilities 100
Accrued contract
expenses
Retained Earnings 25 38 50 98 119 135 150 150
*ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed EAC = Estimate at Completion
Cash collection often
occurs after project
completion
29
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Jonathan Low
Head of Investor Relations
+44 20 7811 4930