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Implementation of standards using Web technologies
David [email protected]
Cool URIs for the Semantic Web
• How it can work– an overview of how to use HTML and RDF together– http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/
A key document:
• latest version 31st March 2008
Jane
believes
Getting started
Janet Johnloves
RDF diagram
N3
:Janet :loves :John .:Jane :believes { }
Getting started
people:Janet relationship:loves people:John .
@prefix people: <http://www.friends-are-us.com/registry/> .
@prefix relationships: <http://www.institute-of_relationships.org/vocabulary#> .
namespacesidentify the people
identify the human relationships
Getting started
people:Janet relationship:loves people:John .
@prefix people: <http://www.friends-are-us.com/registry/> .
@prefix relationships: <http://www.institute-of_relationships.org/vocabulary#> .
namespacesidentify the people
identify the human relationships
people:Jane truth:believes
{ }
Using emerging technologies
• Identifying things by HTTP URIs– getting data about them by “dereferencing”
• Data as RDF statements– readable RDF as N3– a little bit of formality from OWL
• The importance of standard RDF vocabularies– This is what will make it work– This is our task
About URIs• a URI is just a string of characters
– They are unique identifiers for things, which are used on the web– A thing can have more than one URI, but a URI identifies only one
thing
• HTTP URI– formerly called a URL– The use of an HTTP URI implies that an HTTP (HyperText Transfer
Protocol) access, e.g. from a browser, is valid– But you may be disappointed and get “error 404” – no answer was
the stern reply
• a URN– A URI which does not imply any form of access– used by some organisations – e.g. ISO, ISBN– urn:iso:std:iso:15926:-2
The Web is based upon HTTP URIs – don’t worry about URNs
What a URI identifies
• a web page– http://www.iom3.org/index.htm– You can open it with your browser – data is downloaded– You can follow links to other web pages
• an object– http://www.iom3.org– This is the organisation Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining– It has a Royal Charter – it cannot be downloaded to a browser
• a formula– http://www.iom3.org/formula.n3– This is a computer interpretable file of RDF statements about the
IoM3– It can be process by Semantic Web browser or by an application
Uniform Resource Identifier
Dereferencing a URI
• If the URI identifies a web page – you get it
• If the URI identifies an RDF formula – you get it
• It the URI identifies an object ....– The object could be the Eiffel Tower, or the Institute of Materials –
neither can be downloaded to your browser– either you get nothing (error 404), or you are redirected to
a “representation”
“dereferencing” means attempting to get some data. You can only dereference an HTTP URI.
access to http://www.iom3.org is redirected to http://www.iom3.org/index.htm
A webpagehttp://www.iom3.org/index.htm
click to view the formula
The IoM3 has not implemented this – yet
A formula
“Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining”title
“+44 20 7451 7300”telephone
webpagehttp://www.iom3.org/index.htm
organiser
“Materials Congress 2008”title
webpage
http://www.iom3.org/congress-2008/index.htm
http://www.iom3.org/congress-2008
engineering institution
type
http://www.iom3.org
Clever browsers
http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf
http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf
http://www.iom3.org/index.htm
2008
http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf
http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf - Mozilla Firefox
Is organiser of
Suppose you want a formula
• Usually redirection takes you to an HTML web page
– This is good, because a person may need to know what a URI identifies – the web page can tell him or her
• If an application want the formula, then there are two options:
– content negotiation – the HTTP protocol allows the GET request to specify the required format – RDF can be specified
– link from the HTML file – this is hidden in the header and is used by applications when required
Suppose you want a formulahttp://www.iom3.org/index.htm
link to the formula
<html> <head> <title>IOM3 - Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining</title>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RDF Representation" href="http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf" />
<meta name="description" content="Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining“/>
<meta name="keywords" content="IOM3, IOM, IMM, materials, world, academy, profession, science, engineering, metals, ceramics, polymers, glass, rubber, minerals, mining, plastics, institute, careers, jobs, journals, education"/>
......
Suppose you want a formula
http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf
<http://www.iom3.org> a eng-sci:EngineeringInstitution ; dc:title "Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining" ; con:phone <tel:+44 20 7451 7300> ; foaf:webpage <http://www.iom3.org/index.htm> .
<http://www.iom3.org/congress-2008> a eng-sci:Conference ; dc:title "Materials Congress 2008 - Materials for the Future" ; eng-sci:organiser <http://www.iom3.org> .
An individual producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345
item/08-12345
Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co. Ltd.manufactured by
type
model/ML1800
– person readable nameplate
– bar code
– RFID
specified as:
An individual producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345
@prefix rzm: <http://packing-machinery.cn/> .@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/vocabulary#> .
http://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345/formula.rdf
dereference to get a formula about the model
rzm:item/08-12345 iso:manufacturedBy <http://packing-machinery.cn> ; a rzm:model/ML1800 .
A class of producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800
@prefix rzm: <http://packing-machinery.cn/> .@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/vocabulary#> .@prefix packing <http://www.packing.association.org/vocabulary#> .
http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n3
rzm:model/ML1800 iso:hasMass [ scale:kilogram 14000] ; packing:maximum_rule_length [ scale:metre 50 ] ; packing:speed [ scale:perMinute 16 ] ; packing:motorPower [ scale:kilowatt 11 ] ; ......
who defines the vocabularies?– an ISO or IEC committee– a trade association
The Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co has not
implemented this – yet – as far as I know
Semantic Web - a big opportunity
• Intelligent product selection– A super Google™ - You can search on semantically
precise attributes rather than text strings
• Automatic download into data sheets– Enter the URI of the product, and the relevant fields are
filled in by download from the vendor’s site
• Automatic validation that a product is really suitable for a role– System can flag an error if the properties of the selected
asset are incompatible with the properties of the intended facility
Making it happen • Basic Semantic Web technologies in place
– But still very new – some key documents this year
• Standardisation bodies assign URIs– URIs will be added to ISO 15926-4 early in 2009– Need to drag the rest of ISO (and ASTM, DIN etc.) into
the 21st century
• Who is working on it – Process Industry IDS project • DNV
• FIATECH• Intergraph• iXIT• Noumenon Consulting•
• Aker Kvaerner• ALCIM• AVEVA• Bechtel Corporation• Bentley Systems
• OLF• POSC Caesar Association• Statoil• University of Stavanger
Making it happen • Basic Semantic Web technologies in place
– But still very new – some key documents this year
• Standardisation bodies assign URIs– URIs will be added to ISO 15926-4 early in 2009– Need to drag the rest of ISO (and ASTM, DIN etc.) into
the 21st century
• Who is working on it – and a bigger picture ....– EPC (Electronic Product Codes)
• GS1 (Procter and Gamble, Unilever, Wal-Mart, ...)
– NATO Codification Bureau– SAP
Making it happen
ISO 15926-2
philosophy
basic engineering
ISO 15926-4processoil and gas
supplierparts
thing
individual
flange
2" flange raised face flange
API 2″ 300# RF
composition
classification
commodities ISO + tradeassociations
suppliers andmanufacturers
Fred Bloggs part type A1234-5
20
200
20,000
2,000,000
??,000,000
OWL
End
What is ISO 15926 for?
• To record facts, by the use of reference data
• To record changes
• Each fact can have a separate audit trail
• Support for data warehousing– Large scope requires simple and generic
approach
Simple connection example
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
2″ 300# RF
2″ 150# RF
2″ 300/150# RFconnection
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
2″ 300# RF
2″ 150# RF
connection assembly C-101
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
pipe A-256end 2 flange
connectionassembly
C-101
pump P-101suction nozzle
flange
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
part of part of
type
2″ 300# RF
type
2″ 150# RF
type
2″ 300/150# RFconnection
Simple connection example
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
pipe A-256end 2 flange
connectionassembly
C-101
part
classifier
2″ 300/150# RFconnection
compositionwhole
classification
classified
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
in ISO 15926-2 but not needed for RDF implementation
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
pipe A-256end 2 flange
connectionassembly
C-101
pump P-101suction nozzle
flange
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
part of part of
type
2″ 300# RF
type
2″ 150# RF
type
2″ 300/150# RFconnection
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;
iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;
iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;
iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;
iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;
iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;
iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;
iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;
iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
@prefix unit45: <http://www.con-oil.com/project4/unit45/> .
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;
iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;
iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
URIs assigned by the user
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
@prefix unit45: <http://www.con-oil.com/project4/unit45/> .
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;
iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;
iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .
URI assigned by a standard body – standard pipe fitting classes
@prefix api: <http://www.api.org/standard/pipefitting/> .
Simple connection example
pipe A-256-h pump P-101
connection assemblyC-101
@prefix unit45: <http://www.con-oil.com/project4/unit45/> .
URI assigned by a standard body – standard pipe fitting classes
@prefix api: <http://www.api.org/standard/pipefitting/> .
@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/15926/-2/tech/reference-data#> .
unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;
iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;
iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .