Implementing a Testbed for Mobile Multimedia

Implementing a Testbed for Mobile Multimedia

Authors: A.Dutta, J.C Chen, S. Das, M. Elaoud, D. Famolari,

S. Madhani, A McAuley, M. Tauil

Telcordia Technologies

S. Baba, T.Maeda, N. Nakajima, Y. Ohba

Toshiba America Research Inc.

Henning Schulzrinne

Columbia University

Presenter: Ashutosh Dutta

Globecom 2001 – 2Telcordia Technologies, TARI and Toshiba Internal Use Only

ITSUMO Project

Internet Technology Supporting Universal Mobile Operations

( Joint Research of Toshiba and Telcordia Technologies)


Outline

Motivation Architecture Components Protocol Galaxy Prototype/Signal Flows Demo (Internal & External)


Issue

–The New York Times (Aug. 23, 1999, “Multimedia Transmissions Drive Net Toward Gridlock”)

–Multimedia streaming is going to be a killer application for the Internet.

–Multimedia traffic is RTP/UDP based, applications include IP telephony Broadcasting multimedia content Multi-party conferences, collaborations Multi-player games

–We need a mobility management scheme for multi-media traffic in the wireless Internet


Motivation

To realize Wireless Internet Telephony and Mobile multimedia in an internal and external Test-bed to help deployment

Components– Signaling– Configuration– Binding - Session Continuity– Security - BURP/AAA– QoS– Media Delivery - Wireless Multicast– IP-PSTN


Internet Multimedia Protocol Stack

Media Transport

App

lica

tion

Dae

mon

Ker

nel

Phy

sica

lN

etw

ork

H.323 SIP RTSP RSVP RTCPRTP

TCP UDP

IPv4, IPv6, IP Multicast

PPP AAL3/4 AAL5 PPP

SONET ATM Ethernet V.34

Signaling Quality of Service media encaps(H.261. MPEG)

ICMP IGMP

SAP

802.11

DNSLDAP

MIP MIP variant

CIP

CDMA

SDP

MIPv6

MGCP


Service Profile for all IP wireless network user

ServicesRequirements

Multimedia Voice Data

Delay Stringent Stringent TolerantLoss/error Tolerant - Stringent Tolerant StringentBit rate (outdoor) Pedestrian 384 kb/s

Vehicular 144 kb/s

64 kb/s Pedestrian 384 kb/sVehicular 144 kb/s

Bit rate (indoor) 2 Mb/s 64kb/s 2Mb/sExampleapplications

Video streaming, videoconferencing

Mobile telephony File Transfer (e.g., ftp)to mobile


ITSUMO’s Principles

End-to-end wireless/wireline IP platform

Reduce wireless infrastructure cost

Global roaming

Enable seamless communication anywhere

Wireless “technology-independence”

Common middleware for any wireless interface

Support of real-time and non-real time multimedia services

using IP

Simplify implementation & reduce cost (e.g.VoIP)

Smooth/seamless interworking with PSTN and today’s mobile

telephony

Enable communication with existing network


The ITSUMO All-IP Network Architecture

MS: Mobile Station

BS: Base Station

ERC: Edge Router & Controller

Control messages (i.e..., signaling)

Domain Control Agent

Visited Network

Domain Control Agent

Wireline IP backbone network

Home Network

ERC

Internet

Regional IP network Regional IP

network

ERC

Inter-Domain Control Agent

Radio Access Network(RAN)

Radio Access Network(RAN)

BS

BSBS

BS

DCADCA

IDCA

MS

IP


Wireless Internet Roaming

SIP Server

AAAQ

SIP

HR

SIP Server

MAAAQ

VR

Internet

Visiting Network Home Network

BSC 1 BS

BS

ERC 1

BSC 2

BS

ERC 2

ERC 3

BS

BS BSC 3

A

C

B D

Home RegistrarVisiting Registrar

Corresponding HostSIP

DRCPDRCP

INVITE128.59.10.6

IPch

207.3.232.10

207.3.232.10207.3.240.10

SLA/SA

128.59.11.6

RTPTranslator

• SIP UA in mobiles and hosts.

SIP: Session Initiation ProtocolDCA: Domain Control AgentERC: Edge Router & ControllerMAAAQ: Mobility, AAA, Quality of Service


2G + 3G Wireless Access, Packet Switched Backbone

2GAccess

3GAccess

2GAccess

VLR HLRSS7

WG2

IP Network

TCAP, ISUP

A Interface

SIP

Call Agent SIP Server

MAAAQ

MGCP MGCP

WG2

3GAccess

SIP


Wireless Internet Telephony Test-bed Protocols

Functionality Protocols Details/Remarks/usageSignaling SIP/MGCP SIP was used for IP end-points.

MGCP was used with Call AgentConfiguration DRCP - aka

Fast(wireless)DHCP

Faster registration protocol forwireless roaming users - a variant offast DHCP

LocalAuthentication

BURP(Basic UserRegistrationProtocol)

User registration protocol similar toPPP is for dialup environment forroaming within a domain.

Inter-Domain(AAA)

Diameter SIP-AAA interaction before theregistration is successfulInter AAA interaction during domainhandoff

LocationManagement

SIP RegistrationDynamic DNS fornon SIP- sessions

Re-registration upon subnet changeAAA is involved only after it changesa domain.

QoS DSNP Dynamically allocates QoS during thesubnet handoff

Multicast PIM/DVMRPApplication layer (RTP/RTCP)

Localized Multicast applicationQoS experiments for MulticastapplicationIntra-domain mobility with fast-handoff

Binding SIP based mobilitymanagement forreal-timeapplication, MIPfor TCP based

Supports audio/video/white board aspart of mobility application.(indoor/outdoor)


DRCP (Dynamic Rapid Configuration Protocol) *1

– Light weight (i.e., short message length, less number of exchanging messages) network-node configuration protocol suitable for the wireless environment

SIP Mobility *1 – Mobility Management Framework that is realized at the message level of SIP

(IETF signaling protocol for VoIP) and fits well with the VoIP and Multimedia application

QoS Architecture *1

– Architecture based on Diffserv (Differentiated Service), that supports wireless user’s free roaming.

– Realizing dynamic SLS negotiation between user and network by the original QoS signaling protocol (DSNP).

ITSUMO Technology Suites (1/2)

DSNP: Dynamic SLS Negotiation ProtocolSLS: Service Level Specification*1: Refer to Appendixes for more information


ITSUMO Technology Suites (2/2) Wireless Multicast

– Localized Advertisement using RTCP feedback– Scope-based multicast

AAA Architecture *1

– Based on Diameter (Network-network AAA protocol developing in IETF) framework.– Supporting wireless user’s handoff by the local authentication using temporal “session

key”. – Increasing flexibility by designing original protocol, BURP, that is used between user

and the network independent of Diameter.

IP-PSTN integration– SIP and MGCP Protocol Suite– Call-Agent

IP based Wireless Access Point– IP centric wireless access point to support a hot spot.– Realization of the soft-handoff in the radio access network consisting of the IP network.

AAA: Authentication, Authorization and AccountingBURP: Basic User Registration Protocol*1: Refer to Appendix for more information


Configuration - DRCP Principles

Shrink message size Minimize messages in transactions Minimize use of Broadcast

– In wireless technologies, e.g., cdma2000, broadcast bandwidth is a scarce resource.

One Possible Solution:– Server Advertisement

It gives deterministic use of broadcast. Client can use link layer unicast.

Tradeoff with latency of configuration.


DRCP vs DHCP Messages

0

50

100

150

200

250

DHCP DRCP

Mes

sag

e S

ize

(in

byt

es)

DHCP - 236 bytes DRCP - 14 bytes 94 % improvement


Signaling/Binding - SIP Mobility - Handoff

Corresponding Host at Mobile Host at

IP0SIP signaling

RTP

Invite user@domain

Contact user@IP2

IP1

-> IP2

Mobile Host

SIP UA

RAT/VIC

IP2

RTP

SIP signaling


SIP Mobility - Handoff -

BS

Correspondent Host (CH)

BS

2. re-INVITE

3. Send Data to New Address

By sending SIP re-INVITE message from new location, CH starts sending its voice packets to the new location and Communication continues seamlessly


MSMS: Mobile Station

QGS: QoS Global Server

QLN: QoS Local Node

RAN: Radio Access Network

Domain 1 Domain 2

QGS QGS

QLNQLN

QLN QLN QLN

QLN

DHCP server DHCP

server

Global IP Network

RANRAN

RAN

RANRAN

RAN

AAA server

AAA server

1

2

ITSUMO QoS Architecture


DIAMETER Client

RAN inHome Net

Correspondent Host

BURP Server w/Firewall

DIAMETER Server(AAA Home)

Domain1 (Home network)Domain1 (Home network) Domain2 (Foreign network)Domain2 (Foreign network)

RAN1RAN2

Pre-shared key for alice@domain1

Mobile Station

BURP ClientNAI=alice@domain1

Temporary key for alice@domain1

DIAMETER Server(AAA Foreign)

DIAMETER ClientBURP Server w/Firewall

ITSUMO AAA Architecture


– Providing IP-based security mechanism for access networks especially for WLAN

Methods– User authentication (with roaming support)

– UNAP (User-Network AAA Protocol)• Runs between user device and Authentication Agent as a front-end AAA

protocol such as Diameter/RADIUS• Supports periodical re-authentication for logoff detection and connection

hijacking protection• Re-authentication is performed locally between user device and AA

• Supports distribution of site-specific security information such as IKE credentials (see below)

• Per-packet message encryption and integrity check (with roaming support)

– IPsec tunnel between client device and IPsec gateway

• Less overhead than PPP-based VPN solution• No pre-configration is needed for IPsec (IKE) parameters in the client

device

Security


Access Control Status

Session Establishment

Internet/Intranet

UNAP Hello[username=''[email protected]'']

UNAP Hello_ACK[challenge,username]

Diameter Answer [username, session-key, E[session-key]]

UNAP Open_ACK [ E[session-key], IKE-credential ]

Diameter Request [challenge, response, username]

If check is OK,create a session-key and encrypt it using the password

password

password for user xxx

Host UNAPserver with IPsec gateway AAA server

IKE-credentialsession key

IKE-credential

UNAP Open[challenge, response,username]

session key


Next Step: IPsec Tunnel Creation

Internet/Intranet

Host UNAP server with IPsec gateway AAA server

IKE-credentialIKE message exchange

::

IPsec tunne1

IKE-credential

Access Control Status


Local Server A

LocalServer C

LocalServer B

Local Subnet Local Subnet Local Subnet

StationGlobal

A Global Streaming NetworkInter ACNLinks

Internetin-theSky

IAL

Down Linkwithspot-beam

Up linkUp link

Broadband LEOs

TerrestrialINTERNET

Local Ad Server Local Ad

Server

IndividualBroadcaster

IP I/FTraditionalRadio/TV

WirelessIP I/F

IP I/F


Localized Multicast with Multiple Servers

S1 S2p1 p2

BS0 BS1

Sources

Backbone

Ad server

LocalServer

m1

m2

LocalProgram

RTSP

Ad server

LocalServer

m1

m2

LocalProgram

RTSP

BS2

M-Proxy

(P1,a1) (P2,a2)P2,a2

P2,a3

S0

S1

(a1,a2)

(a3)

IETF protocols SAP- Session Announcement ProtocolSDP - Session Description ProtocolRTP/RTCP - Real-Time Transport ProtocolRTSP – RealTime Streaming Protocol


Call Agent/RGW- IP- PSTN integration

Backbone Network

FX boardFX board

HA/DRCPserver

CA/SIP server

BaseStation

DRCPserver

CA/SIP server

MCAP/SIP-BCPT

AccessGateway

AccessGateway

MiniRGW

SIPUA

Solaris/NT Solaris/NT

SIP/M

GCP

ResidentialGateway

SIP/

MG

CP

Non-IP Phone

Non-IP Phone

Non-IP Phone

ResidentialGateway

IP Phone

SIP/MGCP

BaseStation

SIP/

MG

CP

MiniRGW


Call Connection

Agent/SIP server

CGWSIP Agent A

PC A

PC B

Call ProcessingCRCX+RQNT

INVITE

ACKResp. 180RingingRinging

ToneNotify

ACK

ACK

On hookNotify

ACKNo suspensionmessage

RQNT

ACK

Hangup detected BYEDLCX+RQNT

Performance Data

CGW Dials

Offhook

RQNT

Resp. 200 OK

ACK

Call Established

Call Terminates

SIP User to analog phone (SIP-MGCP)


ITSUMO Testbed Architecture

Backbone

VLAN Switch

3600 3600

Domain 1 Domain 2

R1

ERC1 ERC3

VLAN Switch

R2

ERC2

R3

ERC4

VLAN Switch VLAN Switch

SIPServer/Call Agent

SIPServer

Border Router Border Router

QOS QOSHA/DRCP

Server

DRCPServer

MulticastProxy

DRCPServer

DRCPServer

AAAServer

AAAServer

External OmniAntenna

Micro Macro DomainExternal Demo

QOSQOS

BURPBURP BURP

SIPServer/Call Agent


207.3.232.64/26backbone

DCA1

207.3.232.82

10.1.5.152

10.1.5.3

toshi16

207.3.232.112

netmeeting

OutdoorAP Outdoor

APOutdoor

AP

Indoor

Outdoor

10.2.1.110.2.1.121

10.2.1.122

network name = “ITSUMO outdoor”EC

onboardrouter

netmeeting onboard network

10.2.1.20110.2.2.152

10.2.2.151

10.2.2.1

GPS client

BEA Server

GPS Receiver


Unified Mobility Solution

DRCP

BURP

DSNP

MicroMobility

MacroMobility

DomainMobility

Detect a change in the point of attachment (from Layer-2 perspective)

Do Local AAA Do Global AAA

SLS negotiation

IP Level Configuration



IP Level Configuration

MS

SIP Mobility

Re-invite CH and send Register Msg

Re-invite CH and send Register Msg

Globecom 2001 – 32Telcordia Technologies, TARI and Toshiba Internal Use OnlyMH MH

tari.toshiba.com

Home AAADiameter

Server

visited AAADiameter

Server

Home SIPServer

Diameter Client

BURP Server

DRCP

Server

Diameter Client

BURP Server

DRCP

Server

Diameter Client

BURP Server

DRCP

Server

Research.telcordia.com

MH movesMH

DRCPClient

BURPClient

DRCPClient

BURPClient

SIPUA

DRCPClient

BURPClient

SIPUA

SIPUA

1 21 2

3 4 1 2 3 4

PublicSIPServer

BrokerAAA

DiameterClient

DiameterClient

Intra-domain subnet handoff

Inter-domain subnet handoff

Home SIPServer

DiameterClient

Demonstration using the outdoor extension


•Performance evaluation under the environment of Outdoor and/or fast moving.

•802.11b (WaveLAN)

•Area in a few thousand feet away from the building is covered by several Base Stations (BSs).

•Each BS forms a sub-area. The type of inter-sub-area handoff is assigned freely.

•It is available to experiment with a car moving at the speed less than around 45MPH.

•Service experiment:•IP based Terminal Authentication and/or Handoff•IP based Phone, Video and File share services.

Bea

m 1

IP based Real-time handoff

Intra-Subnet(Micro)

Inter-Subnet (Macro)

Inter-Domain

ITSUMO Testbed (Outdoor Portion ）

Bea

m 2

Bea

m 3

Bea

m 4

Demonstration using the outdoor extension


SIP Indoor Mobility Demonstration


Thank You !

Q and A


Backup Slides


ITSUMO Outdoor Experiment

Base Station-Emulating cdma2000 by using WaveLAN

-Mobility test by using the eight radio cells


ITSUMO Outdoor ExperimentDriving route

300 m


Protocol Integration Demonstration

DRCP (terminal config.) SIP Mobility

– Handoff– Location Update

AAA for mobile users– BURP

QoS for mobile– DSNP

Unified Mobility Management


1. Unified Mobility Management

ITSUMO approach Unified Mobility

– Each function (i.e. terminal configuration, user registration and location update) must be adapted to the state of handoff, i.e., Micro-, Macro- and Domain Handoff.

Security based on a single framework– Single AAA framework supports both user registration and

signaling message authentication (e.g., SIP message authentication using AAA).

QoS with Mobile– Use Diffserv as a foundation to support a mobile user.


Time

MHSIP server/Diameter

Client

Diameter Request

Diameter Reply

SIP Register

SIP Register OK

SIP-AAA Interaction

SIP Server/Challenge (401)

SIP Register with/Challenge-Response

HomeAAA Server

SIP Registration

Subnet changes


R

R1 R2

S1 S2 S3 S4

Multicast Switch

S5

StreamServer

Ia Ib Ic Id

M1

m1

ia ib ic id

Mx

Lmx

ib

MulticastAgent

Mx

Msx

Localized Multicast Application with mobility

Sharing multicast address

Lmxn1

M1 Case1m1 = n1Case 2m1=! n1

Mapping:M1 ---> m1 (Cell 1)M1 ----> n1 (Cell 2)

m1Same subnetLocal

content

M1

Localcontentlm1

m1 lm1

CGMP/IGMPsnooping

Multicastproxy


ITSUMO Value Proposition

ITSUMO offers end users seamless IP connectivity across various wireless/wireline networks.

ITSUMO enables end users to select the best access network in terms of speed, cost and services.

ITSUMO enables network operators to manage a single network for various services and to reduce the cost for maintenance and modifications.


What is All IP Wireless and What for?(Research Background)

Data becomes dominant even in “wireless” world

Data is most efficiently carried by “IP(Internet Protocol)”

However, present IP technology cannot carry realtime voice/video in wireless world

This causes high infrastructure cost and difficulty in sharing wireline Internet application in wireless world

We will first solve this problem by developing - Wireless VoIP, IP signaling, Security, Unified addressing - Evolution scenario from current wireless to IP wireless


DRCP Message Flow

Client Server

ADVERTISEMENT

REQUEST

REPLY

Time axis

ServerClient

REQUEST/RELEASE

ACK

a) Client moves to new Subnet b) Extending the lease

Send DISCOVER when new server ADVERTISEMENT OFFER tells if need new IP address, re-register, ...


On going work and Future Direction

Multiple Radio Support– Introducing Bluetooth– Shadow MAC addressing

Network management– Monitoring Network in real time– Automatic entity configuration ( i.e. Plug and Play)

IPv6– Evolution of ITSUMO solution to IPv6

VoIP– SIP-MGCP-H.323 inter-work with Call Agent– Supporting “Services”, e.g. conference calls, voice mail,

Outdoor Extension / Service Application– Unified Mobility at the Renovated Outdoor Extension– IP paging (DMHA: Dormant Mode Host Alerting) – Location base service– IP Multicast


SIP Mobility

BS


BS

Mobile Host (MH) 1. Move

Established voice communication with SIP


ITSUMO Major Achievement

Established basic wireless IP network architecture– IP signaling / IP based base station / Evolution scenario

Proposed original wireless IP protocol suites– 4 original protocols (DRCP,HMMP,DSNP,BURP) created

– 21 contributions submitted to IETF/ MWIF/ 3GPP2

Created patents– 18 patents ongoing application (out of 38 patent ideas)

Developed testbed– Realistic demos for wireless IP network (micro/macro/domain

handoff)

Exhibited at major trade shows– PCS 99, CTIA 2000, COMDEX Fall 2000


Testbed Network Configuration

MS

10.1.4.x10.1.1.x

10.1.3.x

ERC1 (DRCP,QLN,BURP,FW)

HomeSIP Server (Registrar)

DCA1(AAAh) Click to

edit Master title style


DCA2(AAAf)


Basic idea of BURP

BURP uses EAP(Extensible Authentication Protocol) for flexibility of the authentication mean.– Complete authentication of MS with Home AAA (Diameter)

Server by using Pre-shared Key for Inter-domain handoff (i.e., Global AAA).

– Local authentication by using the Session Key which is temporally generated by the Home AAA server and shared between MS and a server in the foreign network for Intra-domain handoff (i.e., Local AAA).

– Periodical authentication (challenge-response) of MS in order to detect its movement or power-off.


Use diffserv as the foundation in the backbone Major components

– QGS (QoS Global Server) Retain global information of the whole domain Make QoS related decision and instruct QLNs what to do

– QLN (QoS Local Node) Retain local information of the resource available in the

local domain Ingress node of the diffserv domain

Architecture characteristics:– A central authority per domain with global information, and

several local ingress nodes with local information– QoS signaling and transport are separated

Central server deals with the QoS signaling (DSNP) Local nodes handle the actual transport traffic

ITSUMO QoS Framework


SIP Mobility

BS


BS

Mobile Host (MH) 1. Move

Established voice communication with SIP


SIP Mobility - Handoff -

BS


BS

2. re-INVITE

3. Send Data to New Address

By sending SIP re-INVITE message from new location, CH starts sending its voice packets to the new location and Communication continues seamlessly


Merits of SIP Mobility

Direct and Optimized Communication

One single and simple protocol for signaling and mobility management.

End-to-end mobility management support from the terminal no state in the network.

No need for interception and forwarding agents in the network.

No triangular routing of information, i.e., lower delay.- Provide mobility with route optimization in the absence of

Mobile IP (no home and foreign agents). Support real-time and non-real-time applications.


Security for the Mobile User

BURP: offers user registration/authentication at the application level with a AAA (Diameter) framework. BURP opens the firewall for authorized users.

BURP: supports local authentication for quick handoff as well as strong security, even in a visiting network.

SIP: “Register” message is authenticated by using AAA framework. Thus, a mobile’s location is updated more securely.


2. Localized Multicast Service

Multicast streaming traffic (audio/video) that is managed by the local server.

The local server can insert local program, information, advertisement into the global streaming program.

Timing for the local control is based on the information carried by RTCP from the streaming server.


Architecture of Localized Multicast for Advertisement

IETF protocols SAP- Session Announcement ProtocolSDP - Session Description ProtocolRTP/RTCP - Real-Time Transport ProtocolRTSP – RealTime Streaming Protocol

Ad server

Station 1 Station 2

LocalServer

M1M2

m1

m2

p1 p2

LocalProgram

Wireless Clients

Channelmonitor

Channeldatabase

SAP P1,a1

P2,a1

RTP/RTCP

Scope 1 Scope 2

lm

(Audio/Video)

Local SAP

IRC

Backbone


•Performance evaluation under the environment of Outdoor and/or fast moving.

•802.11b (WaveLAN)

•It is available to experiment with a car moving at the speed less than around 45MPH.

•Service experiment:•IP based Terminal Authentication and/or Handoff•IP based Phone, Video and File share services.

Bea

m 1

IP based Real-time handoff

Intra-Subnet(Micro)

Inter-Subnet (Macro)

Inter-Domain

Bea

m 2

Bea

m 3

Bea

m 4

3. Outdoor extension

Documents

Implementing a Testbed for Mobile Multimedia