Implementing Hard Drive

7/31/2019 Implementing Hard Drive

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ImplementingHard Drive


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Managing Hard Drives

Use Windows utilities to protect, optimize, andmaintain hard drives

Defrag and Windows Disk Defragmenter

ScanDisk

Disk Cleanup

Disk compression

Disk caching

Making backups Access utilities from command prompt or

Windows desktop


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Defrag Command and Windows DiskDefragmenter

Detects and repairs fragmentation, which canslow down access time and complicate

recovery of a corrupted file

Defragment hard drive once a month


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ScanDisk

Designed to replace Chkdsk command

Repairs cross-linked and lost clusters

Checks FAT for problems with long filenamesand the directory tree

Scans the disk for bad sectors

Repairs problems with structure of a harddrive that has been compressed using

Windows DriveSpace or DoubleSpace


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Cross-Lined and Lost Clusters


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ScanDisk Results


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ScanDisk in MS-DOS Mode


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Disk Cleanup


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Disk Compression Methods

Store data on hard drive in one big file

Manage writing of data and programs to that file

Rewrite data in files in mathematically codedformat that uses less space


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Disk Compression

Disk compression in Windows XP andWindows 2000

Use the NTFS file system

Disk compression in Windows 9x

Use DriveSpace utility on a FAT 16 file system


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Disk Cache

Temporary storage area in RAM for databeing read from or written to a hard drive

Speeds up access time to the drive


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Disk Caching


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Disk Caching (continued)

Hardware cache versus software cache

How disk caching methods have changed

DOS

DOS with Windows 3.x

Windows 9x

Windows NT/2000/XP


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Making Backups

Child, parent, grandparent method

Full, incremental, and differential backups Scheduling backups

Backup software

Disk cloning software

Planning for disaster recovery


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Child, Parent, Grandparent Method

F ll I t l d Diff ti l


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Full, Incremental, and DifferentialBackups

Full Backs up all data from hard drive

Incremental

Backs up only files that have changed or beencreated since last backup

Differential

Backs up files that have changed or been createdsince the last fullbackup


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Scheduling Backups


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Scheduling Backups (continued)


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Scheduling Backups (continued)


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Backup Software

Comes with most tape drives

Third-party software also available

Backup utilities are provided with Windows

NT/2000/XP and Windows 9x


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Windows 2000/XP Backup Utility

Can perform immediate backup from Backup

tab

Can schedule repeated backups


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Disk Cloning Software

Replicates hard drive to a different computer or to another driveon the same computer

Examples

Drive Image by PowerQuest

ImageCast by Innovative Software

Norton Ghost by Symantec Corp


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Planning for Disaster Recovery

Verify your recovery plan

Keep a record of regular backups

Folders or drives backed up

Date of the backup

Type of backup

Label identifying the tape, disk, or other media

Viruses and Other Computer


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Viruses and Other ComputerInfestations

Virus Has an incubation period Is contagious; replicates by attaching to other

programs; infected program must be executed for a

virus to run

Is destructive

Worm Spreads copies of itself without a host program,overloading the network as it replicates

Does damage by its presence

Best defense is a firewall

Trojan horse

Does not need a host program to work Substitutes itself for a legitimate program

Most cannot replicate

Logic bomb Dormant code added to software; triggered at a

predetermined time or by a predetermined event

Understanding Computer


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Understanding ComputerInfestations

Where viruses hide Boot sector viruses

File viruses

Multipartite viruses

Cloaking techniques Polymorphic viruses

Encrypting viruses

Stealth viruses Potential damage ranges from minor to major


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How Infestations Spread

User activities can increase susceptibility

Virus replicates

A Trojan horse gets into your computer

A worm gets into your computer


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How a Virus Replicates

How a Worm Gets into Your


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How a Worm Gets into YourComputer


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Virus Hoaxes

E-mail warnings about a nonexistent virus

Overload network traffic

Check Web sites that specialize in debunking

virus hoaxes

Protecting Against Computer


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Protecting Against ComputerInfestations

Make backups

Use antivirus software regularly

Keep Windows current with updates and

patches

Implement a firewall

P t ti A i t C t


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Protecting Against ComputerInfestations (continued)

Be aware of virus symptoms

Know what to do when you suspect a virus

infestation

Run antivirus software

Check Web site of AV software manufacturer

Use antivirus software

Capabilities to Look for When


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Capabilities to Look for WhenSelecting Antivirus Software

Download software upgrades and virus definitionsfrom the Internet

Automatically execute at startup

Detect macros in word-processing documents

Automatically monitor files being downloaded fromthe Internet

Send virus alerts to your e-mail address

Scan both automatically and manually

General Troubleshooting


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General TroubleshootingGuidelines

Make backups and keep them current

Run antivirus software regularly

Defragment files and scan the hard drive

occasionally

Dont smoke around your hard drive

Dont leave the PC turned off for weeks ormonths at at time

General Troubleshooting


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General TroubleshootingGuidelines (continued)

High humidity can be dangerous for hard

drives

Be gentle with a hard drive

Take precautions when moving a hard drive

or changing CMOS setup

Resolving Common Hard Drive


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Resolving Common Hard DriveProblems

Categories of problems Caused by hardware or software?

Prevent hard drive from booting or preventdata from being accessed?

Gather basic information from user; diagnoseand address the problems

Focus on the main priority

Use available resources (documentation,manufacturers Web site, technical support)

Troubleshooting Hard Drives with


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Troubleshooting Hard Drives withThird-Party Software

Norton Utilities

SpinRite

PartitionMagic


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Hardware Problems

Hard drive not found

Invalid drive or drive specification

Damaged boot record

Damaged FAT or root directory or bad

sectors

Cannot boot from the hard drive

Drive retrieves and saves data slowly

Software Problems with Hard


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Software Problems with HardDrives

Corrupted OS files Corrupted partition table, boot record, or root

directory, making all data on the hard drive

inaccessible Corrupted area of the FAT that points to the

data, datas directory table, or sector

markings where data is located Corrupted data

Resolving Hard Drive and Data


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Resolving Hard Drive and DataAccess Problems

Partition table

Boot record

FAT and root directory

System files

Data and program files


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Data and Program File Corruption

Options for restoring a data file that is notbacked up

OS system tools and commands

Third-party software

Professional data recovery service



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Data and Program File Corruption(continued)

Recovering data when portions of a damagedfile are still intact

Create a new file on another disk

Use Copy command

Edit new file to replace missing data



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Data and Program File Corruption(continued)

Potential problems with files and file system

Corrupted file header

Lost clusters

Erased file


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Getting Technical Support

Before you call, have available:

Drive model and description

Manufacturer and model of computer

Exact wording of error message

Description of the problem

Hardware and software configuration for the

system

Documents

Implementing Hard Drive