Implementing the Planned Response PPT Instructor Notes

1 of 18 Revision: 030215

The Connecticut Fire Academy

Recruit Firefighter Program

Presentation Instructor Notes

Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5

Implementing the Planned Response

Slide 1

Connecticut Fire Academy – Recruit Program

Hazardous Materials OperationsN.F.P.A. 472 – 2013

Implementing the Planned ResponseJones & Bartlett

Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations

Chapter 5

July 01, 2014

Slide 2


• Describe how to notify proper authorities

and request additional resources

• Describe procedures for requesting

additional resources

• Describe scene control procedures using

control zones

• Describe appropriate locations for control

zones and incident command posts


Objectives (1 of 4)

Slide 3


• Describe effective coordinated

communication techniques

• Describe evidence preservation

• Describe the roles of the operations level

responder, the incident safety officer, and

a hazardous materials branch or group, at

a hazardous materials incident

• Describe levels of hazardous materials

incidents


Objectives (2 of 4)

Slide 4


• Describe the incident command system

• Describe the importance of the buddy

system and backup personnel

• Describe protective actions during search

and rescue, evacuation, and sheltering-in-

place


Objectives (3 of 4)





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 5


• Describe safety precautions to be

observed when approaching or working in

a hazardous materials environment

– Safety briefings

– Physical capability requirements

• For heat and cold stress

• Describe evaluation and communication of

the status of the response


Objectives (4 of 4)

Slide 6


• Important at all emergencies

• Paramount at hazardous materials

incidents

Scene Control

Slide 7


• Rapid mental evaluation

• Use visual indicators of incident

• Process the information

• Conclusions help form plan of action

Incident Size-up

Slide 8


• Size-up of incident determines posture

• Aggressive, offensive posture

– Attack the problem

• Defensive posture

– Isolate the scene and protect exposures

– Allow incident to stabilize

Plan of Action (1 of 2)





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 9


• Initial actions set tone for response and

are critical to success of effort

– Safety

– Isolate

– Notify

Plan of Action (2 of 2)

Slide 10


• Ensure your own safety

• Obtain briefing from those involved

• Understand nature of problem

• Attempt to identify released substance

Safety

Slide 11


• Isolate and deny entry to scene

• Separate the people from the problem

• Establish command post

• Formulate incident action plan

• Begin assigning tasks

Isolate

Slide 12


• Decide if anyone should be notified:

– Specialized responders

– Law enforcement

– Technical experts

– Regulatory agencies

Notify





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 13


Several different management processes exist

8-Step Process• Used by CT Regional HM Response Teams

• Used in CFA 472- Technician Training

GEDAPER Process

DECIDE Process

IFSTA

APIE-T

Cores of all systems are basically the same:

protection of life, property, environment

Group of responders will fit into the ICS using one

of these processes, or a combination

NFPA 5.4.3(3)

Decision Making Algorithms

5.4.3* Initiating the Incident Command System.

Various Processing Systems have been developed over the

years to help organize the Hazardous Materials Response.

The three most popular are listed on this slide and will be

broken down in the next slides.

It is up to the AHJ what process they choose to develop their

Emergency Response Plans etc.

Slide 14


STEP 1 – Site Management & Control

STEP 2 – Material Identification

STEP 3 – Hazard & Risk Analysis

STEP 4 – Determine Personal Protective Equipment

STEP 5 – Information and Resource Coordination

STEP 6 – Product Control, Containment & Confinement

STEP 7 – Decontamination

STEP 8 – Terminate the Incident

NFPA 5.4.3(3)

8 Step Process

Note: Most Common Process Used in Connecticut



Most Popular in Connecticut

8 – Step Process

STEP 1: Site Management & Control Secure the scene, establish zones, control access

Determine a safe approach to go in and take charge of the

impacted site. Evacuate any remaining persons and

cordon off the perimeter of the hazard zone. Create a

secure staging area for rescuers and other responders who

have been alerted to the situation.

STEP 2: Identifying the Problem What Product, Container, potential for expansion?

Understand what materials are onsite and look for any

breaches to containment. Determine where the hazard is

emanating from and if it can be controlled. Predict what

could occur next based on the nature of the materials,

their location, and proximity to workers or the general

public.

STEP 3: Hazard & Risk Evaluation What harm can it do, Is it worth exposing personnel, Does it

have to be stopped?

Evaluate the ongoing risk of the spill or leakage including

the potential for fire or explosion. Assess any physical

symptoms being experienced by individuals who were at

the location when the hazard first emerged. This can tell

you a lot about the material involved. For example,

headaches could be evidence of carbon monoxide.

Coupled with a sweet odor, the culprit could be benzene

or hydrocarbons. Burning eyes and throat indicate acids

of some kind, while a euphoric feeling can point to

ketones.

STEP 4: Protective Clothing & Equipment What is the right P.P.E. for the product?

Closer investigation of any hazardous materials breach

requires the use of proper protective gear and equipment.

This can include everything from a positive pressure self-

contained breathing apparatus to a full coverage

HAZMAT suit. Monitoring equipment should also be





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


deployed to gauge air quality, radioactivity levels and

other environmental quality measures. Thermal imaging

cameras and infrared thermometers can also be helpful in

scanning a larger area for contaminants.

STEP 5: Information Management & Resource

Coordination Good Planning, Info gathering, Resource availability; 6 “Ps”

“Proper Planning Prevents Piss Poor Performance”

Information sharing is critical, both within the organization

and with external sources including news media. All

available resources should also be mobilized to help keep

the hazard area protected from entry by outside parties.

Depending on the type of hazard, this area could span up

to a 1/3-mile radius. Meanwhile, response teams will

need to be directed to the site and given all available

information to take the proper actions.

STEP 6: Implementing Response Objectives Product Control, Containment & Confinement

Continue to evolve your plan of action based on the

knowledge you have gained to this point, and the type of

resources available to you. Implement your plan in

accordance with local emergency response plans and

standard operating procedures for your workplace.

Ensure that all measures are being taken to ensure safety

while also getting the hazardous materials under control.

STEP 7: Decontamination Emergency DECON in Place; Right DECON for the

Product, What to do with personnel after.

The speed and intensity of your decontamination efforts will

depend on the severity of the situation. If the hazard is

not life threatening, you can take the time to set up a

formal decon station. If, however, lives are in peril, do

not wait to begin decon efforts. Cut any clothing away

from the affected persons and hose them down

immediately, doing your best to contain hazardous run-

off from the water.

STEP 8: Terminating the Incident Getting back to “Normal”, Orderly & Accountable

dismissal, Resources replenished

This final step has four components: (1) Incident Debriefing

to be conducted immediately after the emergency has

passed, before responders leave the scene; (2) Post-

Incident Analysis which provides a formal review of the

event; (3) Incident Critique which evaluates the strengths

and weaknesses of the overall response; and (4)

Reporting and Documentation.





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 15


G – Gather Information

E – Estimate Harm

D – Determine Goals

A – Assess Options

P – Plan Actions

E – Evaluate

R – Review

NFPA 5.4.3(3)

GEDAPER Process

Note: Commonly Used by Military


DECIDE Process

D – Detect Presence

E – Estimate Harm

C – Choose Response

I – Identify Action

D – Do Best Option

E – Evaluate Progress

Note: Also Popular Process Used in

Connecticut


GEDAPER

G – Gather information: Identify the hazard

E – Estimate Harm: Risk Analysis

D – Determine Goals: What do you want/need to

accomplish

A – Assess Options: Plans A, B and C, maybe more, What’s

the safest, most efficient to control the situation

P – Plan Actions: Prepare everything you need and plan for

things to go wrong …

The “What If’s”

E – Evaluate: Is what you are doing working? How can it be

improved? Do you need to adjust your plan?

R – Review: Lessons learned, what can you do better?

What do you need to be safer and more efficient?

Slide 16


I – Identify Problem

F – Formulate Objectives

S – Select Option

T – Take Action

A – Analyse

NFPA 5.4.3(3)

IFSTA Process

Note: Developed by I.A.F.F. – 472

written in this format

A – Analyse

P – Plan

I – Implement

E – Evaluate

T – Terminate

APIE-T Process



IFSTA:

I – Identify the nature of the problem

F – Formulate objectives based on available information

S – Select the desired alternatives from the available option

T – Take appropriate action

A – Analyze outcomes continually

Slide 17




This chart identifies the three most popular processes

with the Goals identified by the N.F.P.A.





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 18


• Isolate release area

• Establish control zones

– Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

• Evacuate others

• Sheltering-in-place strategy

• Emergency medical care at safe location

Response Safety Procedures

Slide 19


• Identify and secure

• So as not to create unintentional ignition

source, use only intrinsically safe devices

Ignition Sources

All intrinsically safe radios and batteries will be marked by the factory with a

specific label denoting them as such.

Slide 20


Establishing and Enforcing Scene

Control Procedures

NFPA 5.4.1(1)

5.4.1 Establishing and Enforcing Scene Control

Procedures.

5.4.1(1) Identify the procedures for establishing scene

control through control zones.

Control Zones:

• Set up as soon as possible

• Size is based on the degree of hazard

• Utilize site map

• Monitor hot zone

• Cordon control zones

• Control access





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 21


Contamination

Reduction Zone

Exclusion

Zone

Support

Zone

Command

PostDecontamination Area

access control points

HOT WARM COLDWIND DIRECTION

WORK ZONES

NFPA 5.4.1(1)

Establishing and Enforcing Scene

Control Procedures

5.4.1 Establishing and Enforcing Scene Control

Procedures.

5.4.1(1) Identify the procedures for establishing scene

control through control zones.

Control Zones:

Hot: Also called Exclusion Zone, limit access,

accountability of personnel is crucial

Warm: This is the Contamination Reduction Zone or

Corridor; Place with wind blowing towards Hot Zone.

Establish a Control Entry or Access Point, preferably with

security for Responders

going into the Hot Zone for Rescue and Mitigation as well

as:

Decontamination System for everyone leaving the Hot Zone

Cold: Support Zone, Location of Command Post, logistics

support, staging etc.

Slide 22


• Remove bulk of contaminants from person

as quickly and completely as possible

• Performed in potentially life-threatening

situations

• Without formal establishment of

decontamination corridor

Emergency Decontamination

Slide 23


• First priority: Evaluate threat to life

– If none exist, severity of incident is diminished

• Life-safety actions include:

– Ensuring your own safety

– Search and rescue

Protective Actions





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 24


• Operating alone should never be allowed

• No fewer than two responders enter

contaminated area

• Required by OSHA HAZWOPER

regulation

Buddy System

Slide 25


• Backup team

– Wears same level of protection as entry team

– Required by OSHA HAZWOPER regulation

– A team of at least two

– Ready to spring into action

Backup Personnel

Slide 26


• Incident commander determines need

• May be assisted by:

– Fire fighters

– Law enforcement personnel

Evacuation

Slide 27


• Safe area must be found

• Transportation must be arranged

• ERG lists evacuation distances

– Orange-bordered pages

Evacuation





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 28


• Usually inside structures

• Windows and doors closed, ventilation off

• Local emergency plans should identify

available facilities

• Evacuate vs. shelter-in-place: Consider

chemical released, time available to avoid

Sheltering in Place

Slide 29


• Ensuring your safety is first priority

• Released substance must be known

• IC determines need/feasibility

• Victims are removed to warm zone

Search and Rescue

Slide 30


• Written site safety

plan should be

completed

– May have to

abandon if rescue

required

• Verbal safety briefing

is performed

– May be brief

Safety Briefing (1 of 2)

Slide 31


• Informs all responders of:

– Health hazards

– Incident objectives

– Emergency medical procedures

– Radio frequencies and emergency signals

– Description of site

– PPE to be worn

Safety Briefing (2 of 2)





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 32


Heat StressHeat Stroke

Heat Exhaustion

Heat Cramps

Heat Rashes

Heat Fatigue

NFPA 5.4.4(4)

Excessive Heat Disorders

5.4.4 Using Personal Protective Equipment. 5.4.4(4) Identify the signs and symptoms of heat and cold

stress and procedures for their control.

Heat stress

• Heat stroke – Heat illness caused by heat exposure,

resulting in failure of body’s heat regulating mechanism.

Fever of 105 to 106 F, dry, red, hot skin, rapid, strong

pulse deep breaths, convulsions . Possible Coma or

Death

• Heat exhaustion – Heat illness caused by exposure to

excessive heat weakness, cold / clammy skin, heavy

perspiration, rapid / shallow breathing, weak pulse,

dizziness, possible unconsciousness

• Heat Cramps – Heat illness resulting from prolonged

exposure to high temperatures

Excessive sweating, muscle cramps in the abdomen and

legs, faintness, dizziness and exhaustion

• Heat Rash – Condition that develops from continuous

exposure to heat and humid air

Aggravated by clothing that rubs the skin, reduces

tolerance to heat

• Heat Fatigue – A feeling of weakness brought on by

high outdoor temperature.

Symptoms include cool, moist skin and a weakened

pulse. The person may feel faint.

Slide 33


Cold StressHypothermia

Frost Bite

Trench Foot

NFPA 5.4.4(4)

Cold Temperature Exposures

5.4.4 Using Personal Protective Equipment. 5.4.4(4) Identify the signs and symptoms of heat and cold

stress and procedures for their control.

Cold stress

• Hypothermia – Abnormally low or decreased body

temperature

• Frost bite – Local freezing and tissue damage due to

prolonged exposure to extreme cold

• Trench Foot – Can result when wet socks are worn for

long periods of time in cool environments, wet and cold

softens the skin, causing numbness, tingling, peeling of

skin .. Can result in infection





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 34


• Pre-entry health

screening

• On-scene medical

monitoring

Physical Capability Requirements of P.P.E.

Slide 35


• HAZWOPER OSHA regulation requires

• Advantages:

– Common terminology

– Consistent organizational structure

– Consistent position titles

– Common incident facilities

Incident Command System (ICS)

Slide 36


The Incident Commander performs all major ICS

command and staff responsibilities unless these

functions are activated. Position Always Filled

SafetyOfficer

LiaisonOfficer

Public InformationOfficer

Command

Staff

IncidentCommander

OperationsSection

PlanningSection

LogisticsSection

Finance /Admin. Section

General

Staff

NFPA 5.4.3(3)



Incident Command Major Functions:

Incident Commander – This position is Always Filled

General Staff:

• Operations

• Planning

• Logistics

• Finance/Administration

Command Staff:

• Public Information Officer

• Liaison Officer

• Safety Officer

Slide 37


Command: Provides overall

incident objectives and strategy.

Establishes procedures for

incident resource ordering.

Establishes procedures for

resource activation, mobilization,

and employment. Approves

completed IAP by signature.

Operations: Assists in

identifying strategies.

Determines tactics to achieve

incident objectives. Determines

work assignments and resource

requirements.

Logistics: Identifies

the logistics

requirements to

support the tactics.

IncidentCommander

OperationsSection

PlanningSection

LogisticsSection

Finance /Admin. Section

Safety Officer

Finance/Admin:

Conducts any

needed cost-

analyses.

Planning: Provides

status reports,

manages the

planning process,

and produces the

IAP.

Safety Officer: Reviews

hazards associated with the

incident and proposed

tactical assignments. Assists

in developing safe tactics.

Develops safety message(s).

NFPA 5.4.3(3)

Who Does What? Major Functions



What the Major Functional Positions are Responsible

for:





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 38


BranchesAir OpsBranch

Divisions Groups

Operations Section

Single Resource

Task Force

Strike Team

ResourcesUnit

Planning Section

Demob.Unit

SituationUnit

Doc.Unit

Logistics SectionFinance /

Administration Section

TimeUnit

CompensationClaims Unit

ProcurementUnit

CostUnit

Incident Commander

Public InformationOfficer

LiaisonOfficer

SafetyOfficer

Commun.Unit

MedicalUnit

FoodUnit

ServiceBranch

SupportBranch

SupplyUnit

FacilitiesUnit

GroundSupport

Unit

NFPA 5.4.3(3)

Incident Command System Flow Chart


Full ICS Flow Chart with areas of responsibility

identified under each functional area

ICS-300 goes over individual functions and ICS forms

applicable to each

Slide 39


Hazmat

Branch Director

Resource /

Information

Recon /

Entry TeamHazmat Medical Decontamination

DEP /

Contractor

Hazmat

Safety Officer

Back Up Team Technical

Emergency Decon

PD – ESU

Operations Chief

Incident Commander

NFPA 5.4.3(3)

Hazardous Materials ICS


Hazardous Material Specific Positions

Hazardous Materials is a unique and vital area of

responsibility that requires multiple support functions

Slide 40


Planning Section

ResourcesUnit

DemobilizationUnit

SituationUnit

DocumentationUnit

Info. & Intelligence Unit

OperationsSection

PlanningSection

LogisticsSection

Finance/Admin.Section

Info. & Intelligence Section

Based on the incident needs, the

information and intelligence function

may be activated as a fifth Section, as

an element within the Operations or

Planning Sections, or as part of the

Command Staff.

Info. & Intelligence Branch

Operations Section

Incident Commander

Info. & IntelligenceOfficer

NFPA 5.4.3(3)

Information and Intelligence


New under NIMS:

Law Enforcement may be in various positions determined

by the Incident and as the Incident Commander Dictates.

Extremely vital component if WMD / Terrorism suspected

Slide 41


• Responsible for management of response

• Unified command

– Helpful when multiple agencies are involved

• Incident command post (ICP)

– At or near scene of emergency

– Command and all direct support staff

ICS - Command

A unified command

involves many agencies

directly involved in the

decision-making process

for a large incident.





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 42


• Led by Operations Section Chief

• Responsible for all tactical operations

• Contains groups and divisions

– Group: Working on same task or objective

– Division: Working in same geographic location

ICS - Operations (1 of 2)

Slide 43


ICS - Operations (2 of 2)

Operations

HAZMAT Branch

RECON / ENTRY Team

Back-Up Team

DECON TeamResource

TeamHM Medical

Law Enforcement

Branch

Perimeter Control Group

Investigation Group

Public Works Branch

Utilities Group

Debris Removal

Group

EMS Branch

Rehab Group

Triage Group

Transportation Group

Infroamtion / Intelligence

Safety Officer

Slide 44


• Led by Planning Section Chief

• Central point for collecting information– Situation status

– Tracks and logs on-scene resources

– Disseminates written incident action plan

Planning

• Led by Logistics Section Chief

• Arranges:

– Food

– Sleeping facilities

– Transportation

– Other resources

• Tracks costs related to incident

• Handles procurement issues

• Bills responder time

Finance / Administration

Logistics

ICS

Slide 45


Initiating the Incident Command System

Identify the levels of hazardous materials/WMD

incidents as defined in the emergency response plan.

Level I

Level II

Level III

NFPA 5.4.3(2)


5.4.3(2) Identify the levels of hazardous materials/WMD


• Level I – Potential Emergency Condition

• Level II – Limited Emergency Condition

• Level III – Full Emergency Condition

Instructors Note:

Don’t spend a lot of time on this slide, each topic has it’s

own slide

Skill Sheet: 5.4.2A





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 46



Level I

Potential Emergency Condition

An incident or threat of a release, which can be

controlled by the first responder. It does not

require evacuation, beyond the involved structure

or immediate outside area.. The incident is

confined to a small area and poses no immediate

threat to life and property.NFPA 5.4.3(2)




Level I – Potential Emergency Condition:

An incident or threat of a release, which can be controlled

by the first responder.

It does not require evacuation, beyond the involved structure

or immediate outside area. The incident is confined to a

small area and poses no immediate threat to life and

property.

Slide 47



Level II

Limited Emergency Condition

An incident involving a greater hazard or larger

area than a Level I which poses a potential threat

to life and property. It may require a limited

protective action of the surrounding area.

NFPA 5.4.3(2)




Level II – Limited Emergency Condition

An incident involving a greater hazard or larger area than a

Level I which poses a potential threat to life and

property. It may require a limited protective action of

the surrounding area.

Slide 48



Level III

Full Emergency Condition

An incident involving a severe hazard or large

area which poses a significant threat to life and

property and which may require a large scale

protective action.

NFPA 5.4.3(2)




Level III – Full Emergency Condition

An incident involving a severe hazard or large area which

poses a significant threat to life and property and which

may require a large scale protective action.

Slide 49



NFPA 5.4.3(2)




• Level I – Potential Emergency Condition

• Level II – Limited Emergency Condition

• Level III – Full Emergency Condition

The chart on the slide is available from many sources, many

first responders

Vehicles will have this cart laminated and accessible as a

reference.





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 50


• Integral component of response plan

– Implements or supports actions to protect

people, property, and the environment

– Mission-specific duties determined by AHJ

• Familiar with emergency response plans

• Knows different levels of response

Operations Level Responder (1 of 2)

Slide 51


Operations Level Responder (2 of 2)

Slide 52


• SIN—Safety, Isolate, and Notify

• Ensure scene safety

– Establish control zones: hot, warm, cold

• Use the buddy system

Summary (1 of 2)

Slide 53


• Make risk-based decision to determine

whether to evacuate or shelter-in-place

• Safety briefing informs of health hazards

• Avoid/treat heat and cold exposures

• Employ incident command system (ICS)

Summary (2 of 2)





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 54


Hazardous Materials Operational Guidelines

• Reference Materials – Unit HM-6 / HM

Operation Guidelines

– Developed using information provided in the

Capitol Region Hazardous Material Response

Plan

• Recommended use for the Initial Arrival of First

Responders

• Initial Responders should concentrate efforts to the

first 3 Steps

– Scene Management

– Recognition & Identification

– Hazardous & Risk Assessment

Slide 55



• Initial Responders should concentrate

efforts to the first 3 Steps

– Scene Management and Control

• Approach the scene cautiously from an upwind

and uphill direction

• Establish Incident Command System (ICS)

• Establish safe staging area for other responding

units

• Request additional resources, as necessary

• Isolate an initial Hot Zone and deny entry

• Establish emergency decontamination procedures

for affected victims

Slide 56





– Scene Management and Control (cont.)

• Initiate public protective actions

– (Evacuation or Shelter-in-Place)

• Establish triage, treatment, and transportation

groups and areas.

• Establish other hazard control zones (Warm and

Cold)

• Maintain responder safety and accountability

Slide 57



• Initial Responders should concentrate efforts to the first 3 Steps

– Recognition and Identification of the Problem from a Safe Distance• Attempt to identify Material(s) involved using:

– Occupancy, Location, and Pre- Incident Plans

– Container Shapes

– Markings and Colors

– Placards and Labels

– Shipping Papers/Facility Documents/MSDS

– Drivers/Subject Matter Experts

– Monitoring and Detection Devices

– Senses of Victims/Signs and Symptoms





Unit HM 6.1.2

Chapter 5


Slide 58





– Recognition and Identification of the

Problem from a Safe Distance (cont.)

• Assess container(s) involved

– Size(s)

– Pressure

– Materials of construction

– Relief devices

– Breaches, Leaks, or Openings

• Conduct Defensive Reconnaissance (RECON)

Slide 59



• Initial Responders should concentrate efforts to the first 3 Steps– Hazard and Risk Assessment

• Assess potential hazards– Thermal

– Radiological

– Asphyxiant

– Corrosive

– Etiological (Biological)

– Mechanical

– Poisonous

• Anticipate potential course and harm of the incident

• Develop initial Incident Action Plan (Go/No-Go)– Defensive

– Non-Intervention

Slide 60



• Perform additional Steps when ICS Established– Usually when formal Command Established

• Shift Commander

• Officer in Charge

• Chief

– Selection of Protective Clothing

– Information & Resource Coordination

– Implementation of Response Objectives

– Air Monitoring

– Decontamination

– Incident Termination

Slide 61


NEVER FORGET