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IMPORTANT WARNING. Please note that this PowerPoint Presentation contains animations. In order to view the content properly, an add-in function must be installed into the PowerPoint software. The add-in function is downloadable from the following hyperlink. Swiff Point Player. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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IMPORTANT WARNING
Please note that this PowerPoint Presentation contains animations. In order to view the content properly, an add-in function must be installed into the PowerPoint software. The add-in function is downloadable from the following hyperlink.
Swiff Point Player
THE AMAZING FACTS OF AGING
HISTORICAL AND CURRENT DOGMA OF THE AGING BRAIN
• Accelerated rate of brain shrinkage after age 50.• Loss of 100,000 neurons in the cortex per day.• Irreversible process of brain dysfunction.
Historical perspective
• Insignificant loss of neurons.• Neuronal atrophy and loss of synaptic connections.• Evidence of brain plasticity.
Current perspective
ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE AGING BRAIN
Structure Regional function
Basal ganglia A collection of nuclei lying deep into the brain.
Involves in the regulation of voluntary movement
Subarachnoid space
CSF containing compartment surrounding the cerebrum.
Involves in CSF reabsorption.
Hippocampus A component of the limbic system
Involves in learning & memory
Ventricles Compartment in either side of the cerebral hemispheres.
Involves in CSF production.
White Matter Collection of myelinated nerve fibres forming the deep brain.
Involves in information transmission.
ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE BASAL GANGLIA
Function Neuronal clusters responsible for initiating and integrating movements.
Changes Becomes bright in appearance due to iron accumulation
ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE
Function Contains CSF to provide mechanical protection for the brain.
Changes Increase in size due to brain shrinkage
ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE VENTRICLES
Function Production of CSF for mechanical protection.
Changes Increase in size due brain shrinkage.
ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS
Function Development of Learning and Memory
Changes Reduction in size due to cell loss in the structure.
ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE WHITE MATTER
Function Communication channel for information processing.
Changes Reduction in size due to neuronal atrophy.
CONGITIVE CHANGES IN AGING: INTELLIGENCE
Fluid Intelligence – Ability to think and reason.Crystallized Intelligence – Ability to apply skill and knowledge.
Aged-related change: Decline in fluid intelligence
CONGITIVE CHANGES IN AGING: MENTAL PROCESSING
Decline in attentional ability
Working memory
Aged-related change: Decline in mental processing via reduction of attentional ability and decline in ability in forming working memory
CONGITIVE CHANGES IN AGING: LONG-TERM MEMORYExplicit memory – Retention of previously acquired skills & reflexes.Implicit memory – Conscious memory of facts & events.
Aged-related change: Decline in explicit memory