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Policy rationale, aims and challenges
of the newly created
Performance Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry in South Africa
. . . Improving Government’s Performance
22
Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry
Outline of Presentation
1. Rationale
2. Aim and Functions of Ministry
3. Challenges
33
Inherited massive backlog in service delivery
Apartheid legacy of:
spatial segregation
undermined human capital
inequality of income and wealth
Bill of Rights – socio-economic rights to be
progressively realised within available resources
Democratic transition in 1994
44
Spatial Development …
Source: PIRLS, Development Indicators 2009
Human Capital
0,70
0,65
0,60
0,55
0,50
0,45
0,40
200820062004200220001998199619941992
0,666
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
South Africa
Morocco
Qatar
Kuwait
Iran
Indonesia
Israel
USA
England
New Zealand
Intl Median
Poland
Denmark
Sweden
Italy
Russian Fed
Austria
Bulgaria
PIRLS 2006 Advanced Benchmark Score
Inequality of Income and
Wealth
…
. . . resulting in higher
transport costs as a
percentage of
disposable income
New housing
programmes are
located far away
from commercial
centre due to land
costs . . .
Commercial
Centres
Housing
Programmes
Gini Coefficient, 1992–2008
Our Gini coefficient has not changed
substantially since 1994 . . .
. . . which is why at least 80% of
SA’s wealth is controlled by only 5%
of the population
2008 Despite massive increases in expenditure, outcomes did
not improve enough
55
Why didn’t we get the Outcomes we expected?
There are various reasons for this Many new policies
Policies not fully implemented
Weak institutional design and allocation of decision making rights
Complicated governance structures (SOEs, tiers of Government)
But, most of all
Incorrect assumptions between
outputs (what we produce) and
outcomes (what we want)
66
Created Ministry for
Performance Monitoring and Evaluation in
The Presidency
Setting outcomes alone won’t make a difference
Determine outcomes politically - and monitor
Monitor key steps in delivery chain
–Understand key steps that leads to an outcome
Develop data-driven and evidence-based strategies
between the input, output and outcomes
77
Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry
Outline of Presentation
1. Rationale
2. Aim and Functions of Ministry
3. Challenges
88
Executive oversight vs line function responsibility
Conventional wisdom – central executive focus on
monitoring outcomes, rest of delivery chain for line
function department
Developmental role of state, requires stronger
guidance from Presidency
Capacity and accountability problems along all steps
of delivery
Need to monitor that key intervention strategies are
delivering results, 4-5 per sector
99
Education
Importance of Instructional Material
Increase in Test Scores per Dollar Spent on Different Inputs
Source: Pritchett and Filmer, 1999
19.4
7.7
1.9
1.0
0 5 10 15 20
Northeast Brazil (1980s)
Teacher Salary
Ensuring All Teachers
Have 3 Years
Secondary School
Teacher Table, Pupil
Tables and Chairs, and
Other―Hardware‖
Packet of Instructional
Materials
Increase in Test Score per Dollar,
Relative to Teacher Salary
14.0
1.7
1.2
1.0
0 5 10 15 20
India (1990s)
Teacher Salary
Facility Improvement
Intervention
One Additional Square
Foot per Student
Full Packet of
Instructional Materials
Increase in Test Score per Dollar,
Relative to Teacher Salary
To address quality problem in education, we will
monitor delivery & use of instructional material
1010
In Education ….
High enrolment rate – 98% at primary school level
Education quality not up to standard
Deliver uniform text books and workbooks to all
grades
Independently moderated internationally benchmarked
test for grades 3, 6, 9
Inputs and strategies to be monitored by the
Presidency
1111
In Health…
High per capita expenditure with low outcomes
– Impact of HIV and Aids
–Health care system not optimally functional
Monitoring standard health outcomes
Monitoring turn around strategy in Health care
management
–Allocation of decision rights
1212
Accountability
‘Letter’ from
President to
Minister(s)
spelling out
performance
measures
Report back
6 monthly –
12 months
Negotiate a
Delivery
Agreement
Who needs
to do what
by when?
Minister
convenes
Delivery Forum
Performance agreements between President and
political principals
Joint agreement on measures between Presidency
and line function department
Published – will involve civil society, create different
dialogue on service delivery
1313
Coordination vs joined-up
‘Letter’ from
President to
Minister(s)
spelling out
performance
measures
Report back
6 monthly –
12 months
Negotiate a
Delivery
Agreement
Who needs
to do what
by when?
Minister
convenes
Delivery Forum
Initial period post 1994, coordination for conceptual
coherence of policy, mandates etc
Now, require discussion on inputs (budgets, HR) and
data on outputs
Delivery forums per sector
1414
List of proposed Key Outcomes
1. Improve the quality of basic education
2. Live long and healthy lives
3. Ensure that South Africans are and feel safe
4. Ensure decent employment for people by
facilitating and contributing to inclusive economic
growth
5. Develop skills and capabilities to support an
inclusive growth path
6. Promoting rural development with a focus on
former homeland areas
1515
List of proposed Key Outcomes
7. Create stable and well-serviced communities with
well planned and managed Local Governments
8. Protect and enhance our environmental assets
and natural resources
9. Create a better Africa and a better world — make
our contribution to global relations
10. Promote a strong, fair and inclusive citizenship
11. A public sector capacity that is efficient, effective
and worthy of a Developmental State
1616
Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry
Outline of Presentation
1. Rationale
2. Aim and Functions of Ministry
3. Challenges
1717
Challenges
Meetingpeople’sexpectations
Democratic culture
Institutional inefficiencies
Public Service capacity to responsive and effective
Political agreement on what should be measured
Sound data collection institutions
1818
THANK YOU!
