in a Digital Age - Search Find Kno · Types of Plagiarism .. from Plagiarism.org Sources Cited (But Still Plagiarized) 5.55..5. The Perfect Crime The Perfect Crime - Well, we all

Plagiarism:Plagiarism:Plagiarism:Plagiarism:in a Digital Agein a Digital Agein a Digital Agein a Digital Age------------………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Linda LuscreLinda LuscreLinda LuscreLinda LuscreSt. Joseph School,St. Joseph School,St. Joseph School,St. Joseph School,

Cuyahoga FallsCuyahoga FallsCuyahoga FallsCuyahoga Falls

8/11/2011 Copyright 2010 Anthony A. Luscre & Linda Luscre 2

DisclaimersDisclaimersDisclaimersDisclaimers

I am not a lawyer I am not a lawyer I am not a lawyer I am not a lawyer and cannot and cannot and cannot and cannot give legal advicegive legal advicegive legal advicegive legal advice---- all all all all information is based on my information is based on my information is based on my information is based on my opinions and not necessarily opinions and not necessarily opinions and not necessarily opinions and not necessarily those of my District those of my District those of my District those of my District


Thanks to Thanks to Thanks to Thanks to Doug Johnson for allowing Doug Johnson for allowing Doug Johnson for allowing Doug Johnson for allowing

the use of his work on the use of his work on the use of his work on the use of his work on Plagiarism in the “HPP & Plagiarism in the “HPP & Plagiarism in the “HPP & Plagiarism in the “HPP &

LPP” section of this LPP” section of this LPP” section of this LPP” section of this presentation. Visit his site presentation. Visit his site presentation. Visit his site presentation. Visit his site at at at at www.dougwww.dougwww.dougwww.doug----johnson.comjohnson.comjohnson.comjohnson.com


Technology EthicsTechnology EthicsTechnology EthicsTechnology EthicsCategoriesCategoriesCategoriesCategories---- although the although the although the although the

scope of information scope of information scope of information scope of information technology ethics is very technology ethics is very technology ethics is very technology ethics is very broad, we can categorize broad, we can categorize broad, we can categorize broad, we can categorize most issues into three most issues into three most issues into three most issues into three general groups:general groups:general groups:general groups:


Categories of Tech Categories of Tech Categories of Tech Categories of Tech EthicsEthicsEthicsEthics

1. Privacy1. Privacy1. Privacy1. Privacy----“Does my use of the “Does my use of the “Does my use of the “Does my use of the technology violate the technology violate the technology violate the technology violate the privacy of others or am I privacy of others or am I privacy of others or am I privacy of others or am I giving information to others giving information to others giving information to others giving information to others that I should not give ?”that I should not give ?”that I should not give ?”that I should not give ?”


Categories of Tech EthicsCategories of Tech EthicsCategories of Tech EthicsCategories of Tech Ethics

2. Appropriate Use2. Appropriate Use2. Appropriate Use2. Appropriate Use---- “Does “Does “Does “Does this use of the technology this use of the technology this use of the technology this use of the technology have educational value and is have educational value and is have educational value and is have educational value and is it in keeping with the rules of it in keeping with the rules of it in keeping with the rules of it in keeping with the rules of my family, my church, my my family, my church, my my family, my church, my my family, my church, my school and myschool and myschool and myschool and my government ?”government ?”government ?”government ?”


Categories of Tech EthicsCategories of Tech EthicsCategories of Tech EthicsCategories of Tech Ethics

3. Property3. Property3. Property3. Property----“Do my actions respect the “Do my actions respect the “Do my actions respect the “Do my actions respect the

property of others and am property of others and am property of others and am property of others and am I taking the correct steps I taking the correct steps I taking the correct steps I taking the correct steps to keep my own property to keep my own property to keep my own property to keep my own property safe ? ”safe ? ”safe ? ”safe ? ”


Nature of in Nature of in Nature of in Nature of in PropertyPropertyPropertyPropertyin a Digital Worldin a Digital Worldin a Digital Worldin a Digital World

Differences between real and Differences between real and Differences between real and Differences between real and virtual worlds as Perceived virtual worlds as Perceived virtual worlds as Perceived virtual worlds as Perceived by natives and nonby natives and nonby natives and nonby natives and non----natives natives natives natives of the Digital Worldof the Digital Worldof the Digital Worldof the Digital World


Nature of Property-Physical vs. Virtual

If it’s on the web it If it’s on the web it If it’s on the web it If it’s on the web it must be freemust be freemust be freemust be free

Something you Something you Something you Something you can hold can hold can hold can hold

PropertyPropertyPropertyProperty

? Something from the ? Something from the ? Something from the ? Something from the past ?past ?past ?past ?

Published BookPublished BookPublished BookPublished BookCopyrightCopyrightCopyrightCopyright

A program fileA program fileA program fileA program fileSolid ObjectSolid ObjectSolid ObjectSolid ObjectProductProductProductProduct

MP3 FileMP3 FileMP3 FileMP3 FileVinyl RecordVinyl RecordVinyl RecordVinyl RecordA SongA SongA SongA Song

Web page, PDF or Web page, PDF or Web page, PDF or Web page, PDF or Document FileDocument FileDocument FileDocument File

Paper, Ink & Paper, Ink & Paper, Ink & Paper, Ink & CardboardCardboardCardboardCardboard

A BookA BookA BookA Book

Digital NativesDigital NativesDigital NativesDigital NativesNonNonNonNon----nativesnativesnativesnatives


Plagiarism

Digital Age has made it both:Digital Age has made it both:Digital Age has made it both:Digital Age has made it both:

• Easier to perform Plagiarism Easier to perform Plagiarism Easier to perform Plagiarism Easier to perform Plagiarism • Easier to detect Plagiarism Easier to detect Plagiarism Easier to detect Plagiarism Easier to detect Plagiarism


Plagiarism

The Old WaysThe Old WaysThe Old WaysThe Old Ways::::• Hand copying from books or Encyclopedias Hand copying from books or Encyclopedias Hand copying from books or Encyclopedias Hand copying from books or Encyclopedias

• A friend does it for youA friend does it for youA friend does it for youA friend does it for you

The New Ways:The New Ways:The New Ways:The New Ways:• Copy & Paste from the web or other Copy & Paste from the web or other Copy & Paste from the web or other Copy & Paste from the web or other

electronic documentselectronic documentselectronic documentselectronic documents

• Online “Paper Mills”Online “Paper Mills”Online “Paper Mills”Online “Paper Mills”


Definitions of Plagiarize

From the Free Dictionary From the Free Dictionary From the Free Dictionary From the Free Dictionary (((("The Free Dictionary." The Free Dictionary. Farlex, Inc., Web. 1 Jan

2010. <http://www.tfd.com/plagiarize>.))))

• To use and pass off (the ideas or writings of another) as one's own.

• To appropriate for use as one's own passages or ideas from (another).

• To put forth as original to oneself the ideas or words of another.


Definitions of Plagiarize

From the MerriamFrom the MerriamFrom the MerriamFrom the Merriam----Webster Online DictionaryWebster Online DictionaryWebster Online DictionaryWebster Online Dictionary

• to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own

• to use (another's production) without crediting the source

• to commit literary theft• to present as new and original an idea

or product derived from an existing source.


Common Categories of

Plagiarism in Student Work

Following pages are from

Plagiarism.org…(((("Types of Plagiarism." Plagiarism.org : Learning Center

: Plagiarism Definitions, Tips on avoiding Plagiarism, Guidelines for proper citation, & Help Identifying Plagiarism:. iParadigms, LLC, Web. 4 Jan 2010. <http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_types_of_plagiarism.html>.))))


Types of Plagiarism..from Plagiarism.org

Two Groups of Two Groups of Two Groups of Two Groups of Plagiarism Types:Plagiarism Types:Plagiarism Types:Plagiarism Types:

1.1.1.1. Sources Not CitedSources Not CitedSources Not CitedSources Not Cited

2.2.2.2. Sources Cited Sources Cited Sources Cited Sources Cited (But Still Plagiarized)(But Still Plagiarized)(But Still Plagiarized)(But Still Plagiarized)



Sources Not CitedSources Not CitedSources Not CitedSources Not Cited1.1.1.1. The Ghost WriterThe Ghost WriterThe Ghost WriterThe Ghost Writer- The writer turns in

another's work, word-for-word, as his or her own.

2.2.2.2. The PhotocopyThe PhotocopyThe PhotocopyThe Photocopy - The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration.

3.3.3.3. The Potluck PaperThe Potluck PaperThe Potluck PaperThe Potluck Paper- The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by copying from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing.



Sources Not CitedSources Not CitedSources Not CitedSources Not Cited4.4.4.4. The Poor DisguiseThe Poor DisguiseThe Poor DisguiseThe Poor Disguise- Although the writer has

retained the essential content of the source, he or she has altered the paper's appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.

5.5.5.5. The Labor of LazinessThe Labor of LazinessThe Labor of LazinessThe Labor of Laziness- The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on original work.



Sources Not CitedSources Not CitedSources Not CitedSources Not Cited6.6.6.6. The SelfThe SelfThe SelfThe Self----StealerStealerStealerStealer- The writer borrows

generously from his or her previous work, violating policies concerning the expectation of originality adopted by most academic institutions



Sources Cited Sources Cited Sources Cited Sources Cited (But Still Plagiarized)(But Still Plagiarized)(But Still Plagiarized)(But Still Plagiarized)

1.1.1.1. The Forgotten FootnoteThe Forgotten FootnoteThe Forgotten FootnoteThe Forgotten Footnote- The writer mentions an author's name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms of plagiarism by obscuring source locations.

2.2.2.2. The MisinformerThe MisinformerThe MisinformerThe Misinformer- The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them.




3.3.3.3. The TooThe TooThe TooThe Too----Perfect ParaphrasePerfect ParaphrasePerfect ParaphrasePerfect Paraphrase-The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas to the source, the writer is falsely claiming original presentation and interpretation of the information.




4.4.4.4. The Resourceful CiterThe Resourceful CiterThe Resourceful CiterThe Resourceful Citer- The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work! It is sometimes difficult to spot this form of plagiarism because it looks like any other well-researched document.




5.5.5.5. The Perfect CrimeThe Perfect CrimeThe Perfect CrimeThe Perfect Crime- Well, we all know it doesn't exist. In this case, the writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation. This way, the writer tries to pass off the paraphrased material as his or her own analysis of the cited material."


… this the end of material … this the end of material … this the end of material … this the end of material from Plagiarism.orgfrom Plagiarism.orgfrom Plagiarism.orgfrom Plagiarism.org

(((("Types of Plagiarism." Plagiarism.org : Learning Center : Plagiarism Definitions, Tips on avoiding Plagiarism, Guidelines for proper citation, & Help Identifying Plagiarism:. iParadigms, LLC, Web. 4 Jan 2010. <http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_article_types_of_plagiarism.html>.))))


Plagiarism & The Internet

The Internet Conundrum The Internet Conundrum The Internet Conundrum The Internet Conundrum • Makes it both easier to

commit and catch Plagiarism• Has given students mixed

messages on what is property• Issues with Citation of

Electronic Resources



Citation of Internet resources is Citation of Internet resources is Citation of Internet resources is Citation of Internet resources is still "murky"still "murky"still "murky"still "murky"

• Confusing• Multiple ways with minimal

standardization• Often does not take into count

the very nature of information on the Internet



The Internet The Internet The Internet The Internet • Has a different writing style• Is fast and ever changing• Has multiple authors• Makes it hard to determine

qualifications of presenters of information and validity of information presented, etc.



The InternetThe InternetThe InternetThe Internet• Takes very little money to "publish"

which can contribute to questionable authority of authors

• Is often more "visual" than "textual"-- Videos, Sounds, Speech, Animation's, Hyperlinks etc.


Catching

and/or

Preventing

Plagiarism


Whatever Your choice

All strategies should include instruction of the student in:

• What is plagiarism?

• Why they should not do it

• How to properly use resource materials and provide citations


Two Alternatives to Catching vs. Preventing

• Ignore it and it will go away (you are just kidding yourself and doing your students a disservice)

• Threaten Severe Punishment with Zero Tolerance (you often paint yourself into a corner)


Catching Plagiarism

• You recognize phrases

• You doubt “that student” can or would write this way

• Use a Web Search

• Use a commercial service


Catching Plagiarism

You recognize phrases ..You recognize phrases ..You recognize phrases ..You recognize phrases ..

• Chance for errors

• Student was good at finding obscure sources

• Everything starts to sound the same


Catching Plagiarism

You doubt “that student” can You doubt “that student” can You doubt “that student” can You doubt “that student” can or would write this way..or would write this way..or would write this way..or would write this way..

• Chance for errors

• Prejudice


Catching Plagiarism

Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..

• No cost

• Easy to do


Catching Plagiarism

Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..

• Enter a unique phrase from student paper.

• View the found sites and compare their content with the rest of the student’s work


Catching Plagiarism

Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..Use a Web Search..• Often will not find the "Ghost

Writer" or "Paper Mill" plagiarism


Catching Plagiarism

Use a commercial serviceUse a commercial serviceUse a commercial serviceUse a commercial service

Turn-It, iThenticate Plagiarism Checker, etc.


Catching Plagiarism


• Requires paper be submitted electronically

• You can require electronic copy from your student

• You can type it all in yourself!


Catching Plagiarism


• Not free

• Gray Area- Are companies violating student's copyright by storing multiple submissions to compare future submissions


Dealing with students who plagiarize

• Educate on what is plagiarism and why they should not do it

• Warnings (preferably during writing phases)

• Have multiple assessment phases in projects to catch it in beginning phases and redirect student by giving them opportunity to edit their work



• What do you do if you catch a student still plagiarizing?

– Age appropriate

– Education



• Dangers of "Zero-Tolerance"

• No chance to use it as an educational opportunity

• "Branding" students for future

• At what age can students be held responsible?



• Dangers of "Zero-Tolerance"

• Legal- If it there is litigation

• Can you prove it was plagiarism and that you made it clear what was acceptable practice

• Costs of legal defense


Preventing Plagiarism

... it is usually much more ... it is usually much more ... it is usually much more ... it is usually much more effective to prevent than effective to prevent than effective to prevent than effective to prevent than catch plagiarism and as an catch plagiarism and as an catch plagiarism and as an catch plagiarism and as an added bonus, the resulting added bonus, the resulting added bonus, the resulting added bonus, the resulting student work is often of a student work is often of a student work is often of a student work is often of a much higher calibermuch higher calibermuch higher calibermuch higher caliber



• Can help teach students for future endeavors

• Free

• Does not set up “sticky situations”- failure of course, expulsion, future stigmatization of student, etc.



• Encourages much higher order thinking/learning by student

• Takes focus away from product and places it on process

• Works well with any grade level


Controlling Probability of Plagiarism in Projects

Characteristics of Projects and Characteristics of Projects and Characteristics of Projects and Characteristics of Projects and Assignments with:Assignments with:Assignments with:Assignments with:

High Probability of Plagiarism (HPP)versusversusversusversus

Low Probability of Plagiarism (LPP)


Qualities of High Probability of Plagiarism (HPP) Projects

� Stress lower level thinkingStress lower level thinkingStress lower level thinkingStress lower level thinking

� Require only facts not analysisRequire only facts not analysisRequire only facts not analysisRequire only facts not analysis

� Often starts with “tell about…”Often starts with “tell about…”Often starts with “tell about…”Often starts with “tell about…”

� Are generic and lack relevanceAre generic and lack relevanceAre generic and lack relevanceAre generic and lack relevance

� Do not include a number and variety of Do not include a number and variety of Do not include a number and variety of Do not include a number and variety of assessments through out the process, assessments through out the process, assessments through out the process, assessments through out the process, only a single final gradeonly a single final gradeonly a single final gradeonly a single final grade


Qualities of Low Probability of Plagiarism (LPP) Projects

� Stress higher level thinking skills Stress higher level thinking skills Stress higher level thinking skills Stress higher level thinking skills and creativityand creativityand creativityand creativity

� Involve a variety of information Involve a variety of information Involve a variety of information Involve a variety of information finding activitiesfinding activitiesfinding activitiesfinding activities

� Tend to be handsTend to be handsTend to be handsTend to be hands----onononon

� Answer real questionsAnswer real questionsAnswer real questionsAnswer real questions



� Have clarity of purpose and Have clarity of purpose and Have clarity of purpose and Have clarity of purpose and expectationsexpectationsexpectationsexpectations

� Gives students choicesGives students choicesGives students choicesGives students choices

� Are relevant to student’s lifeAre relevant to student’s lifeAre relevant to student’s lifeAre relevant to student’s life

� Ask students to write in narrative Ask students to write in narrative Ask students to write in narrative Ask students to write in narrative rather than expositoryrather than expositoryrather than expositoryrather than expository



� Use technology to spur creativityUse technology to spur creativityUse technology to spur creativityUse technology to spur creativity

� Utilize formats that use multiple Utilize formats that use multiple Utilize formats that use multiple Utilize formats that use multiple sensessensessensessenses

� Can be complex, but are broken into Can be complex, but are broken into Can be complex, but are broken into Can be complex, but are broken into manageable stepsmanageable stepsmanageable stepsmanageable steps

� Are often collaborativeAre often collaborativeAre often collaborativeAre often collaborative



� Have results that are shared Have results that are shared Have results that are shared Have results that are shared with people who care & respondwith people who care & respondwith people who care & respondwith people who care & respond

� Are authentically assessedAre authentically assessedAre authentically assessedAre authentically assessed

� Allow learners to reflect, revisit, Allow learners to reflect, revisit, Allow learners to reflect, revisit, Allow learners to reflect, revisit, revise and improve their final revise and improve their final revise and improve their final revise and improve their final projectsprojectsprojectsprojects


Corollary- the higher the level of Bloom’s Taxonomy the Lower

Probability of Plagiarism


Anderson and Krathwohl


Tying Up Loose Ends

Creating a Coherent PolicyCreating a Coherent PolicyCreating a Coherent PolicyCreating a Coherent Policy

• Student Conduct Code Rules for Plagiarism (District, Building, Department or Classroom)

• District Policy on Copyright & copyright Disclaimer (usually part of web site)

• Policy on Use of Student Created Materials (District, Building, Department or Classroom)


Policy on Copyright, Use of Student Created Materials & Plagiarism

District Policy on use of copyrighted materials

• Limited Use Limited Use Limited Use Limited Use

• Fair UseFair UseFair UseFair Use

• Students instruction on Students instruction on Students instruction on Students instruction on copyrightcopyrightcopyrightcopyright rulesrulesrulesrules


Policy on Copyright, Use of Student Created Materials & Plagiarism

Student will sign a waiver to allow teachers to use materials they have created in future

• Specific time limitSpecific time limitSpecific time limitSpecific time limit

• Limit on types of use (no commercial, Limit on types of use (no commercial, Limit on types of use (no commercial, Limit on types of use (no commercial, not published, etc.)not published, etc.)not published, etc.)not published, etc.)

• Retention of rights, etcRetention of rights, etcRetention of rights, etcRetention of rights, etc

Students agree to Plagiarism Policy

• Policy is well definedPolicy is well definedPolicy is well definedPolicy is well defined

• Punishment is definedPunishment is definedPunishment is definedPunishment is defined


View PowerPoint of the View PowerPoint of the View PowerPoint of the View PowerPoint of the The Cliff and the The Cliff and the The Cliff and the The Cliff and the

FenceFenceFenceFence at: at: at: at: www.mogadore.www.mogadore.www.mogadore.www.mogadore.net/ethics/fable.htmlnet/ethics/fable.htmlnet/ethics/fable.htmlnet/ethics/fable.html


The Cliff and the The Cliff and the The Cliff and the The Cliff and the FenceFenceFenceFence

a fable based ona fable based ona fable based ona fable based onthe poemthe poemthe poemthe poem----

“A Fence or an Ambulance”bybybyby

Joseph Malins (1895)


Once upon a time in a Once upon a time in a Once upon a time in a Once upon a time in a place not so far away, place not so far away, place not so far away, place not so far away, there was a small there was a small there was a small there was a small kingdom that sat high kingdom that sat high kingdom that sat high kingdom that sat high upon a large hill.upon a large hill.upon a large hill.upon a large hill.


On the East, South On the East, South On the East, South On the East, South and West borders and West borders and West borders and West borders the terrain gently the terrain gently the terrain gently the terrain gently sloped down, meeting sloped down, meeting sloped down, meeting sloped down, meeting a large plain, But on a large plain, But on a large plain, But on a large plain, But on the North border, the North border, the North border, the North border, there was a very there was a very there was a very there was a very steep cliff with a steep cliff with a steep cliff with a steep cliff with a lush green valley lush green valley lush green valley lush green valley below.below.below.below.


Long ago, the princes of old Long ago, the princes of old Long ago, the princes of old Long ago, the princes of old had built a small brick had built a small brick had built a small brick had built a small brick retaining wall to help the retaining wall to help the retaining wall to help the retaining wall to help the citizens avoid falling over citizens avoid falling over citizens avoid falling over citizens avoid falling over the cliff.the cliff.the cliff.the cliff.



But often in the spring, But often in the spring, But often in the spring, But often in the spring, some of the citizens some of the citizens some of the citizens some of the citizens would climb up onto would climb up onto would climb up onto would climb up onto the wall using a large the wall using a large the wall using a large the wall using a large stack of books that stack of books that stack of books that stack of books that they could borrow they could borrow they could borrow they could borrow from the nearby royal from the nearby royal from the nearby royal from the nearby royal library.library.library.library.


Most of climbers just Most of climbers just Most of climbers just Most of climbers just wanted to stand on wanted to stand on wanted to stand on wanted to stand on the wall and enjoy the wall and enjoy the wall and enjoy the wall and enjoy the spectacular view, the spectacular view, the spectacular view, the spectacular view, but occasionally but occasionally but occasionally but occasionally some would fall off some would fall off some would fall off some would fall off the wall and over the the wall and over the the wall and over the the wall and over the cliff to their deaths.cliff to their deaths.cliff to their deaths.cliff to their deaths.


In most cases, it In most cases, it In most cases, it In most cases, it was an accident was an accident was an accident was an accident but many believed but many believed but many believed but many believed that some that some that some that some citizens had citizens had citizens had citizens had actually leaped actually leaped actually leaped actually leaped to own their to own their to own their to own their deaths.deaths.deaths.deaths.


For many years, this For many years, this For many years, this For many years, this was just accepted was just accepted was just accepted was just accepted as a rite of spring as a rite of spring as a rite of spring as a rite of spring and the public and the public and the public and the public believed very few believed very few believed very few believed very few citizens were citizens were citizens were citizens were victims of this cliff.victims of this cliff.victims of this cliff.victims of this cliff.


One year, a startling One year, a startling One year, a startling One year, a startling development occurred. development occurred. development occurred. development occurred. A manufacturing A manufacturing A manufacturing A manufacturing company in the kingdom company in the kingdom company in the kingdom company in the kingdom named World Wide named World Wide named World Wide named World Wide Widgets, also know as Widgets, also know as Widgets, also know as Widgets, also know as WWW, began WWW, began WWW, began WWW, began manufacturing ladders.manufacturing ladders.manufacturing ladders.manufacturing ladders.


The problem was The problem was The problem was The problem was compounded by the compounded by the compounded by the compounded by the fact that, not only fact that, not only fact that, not only fact that, not only was the factory giving was the factory giving was the factory giving was the factory giving away the ladders for away the ladders for away the ladders for away the ladders for free, they would even free, they would even free, they would even free, they would even deliver them directly deliver them directly deliver them directly deliver them directly to the citizen’s home.to the citizen’s home.to the citizen’s home.to the citizen’s home.


Soon, the number of Soon, the number of Soon, the number of Soon, the number of citizens climbing to citizens climbing to citizens climbing to citizens climbing to the top of the wall the top of the wall the top of the wall the top of the wall skyrocketed. Even skyrocketed. Even skyrocketed. Even skyrocketed. Even more troublesome, more troublesome, more troublesome, more troublesome, was the fact that was the fact that was the fact that was the fact that many more citizens many more citizens many more citizens many more citizens were falling off the were falling off the were falling off the were falling off the cliff.cliff.cliff.cliff.


The ruling Prince The ruling Prince The ruling Prince The ruling Prince called together his called together his called together his called together his Trusted Elite Trusted Elite Trusted Elite Trusted Elite Advisory Council of Advisory Council of Advisory Council of Advisory Council of Helpers (TEACH) Helpers (TEACH) Helpers (TEACH) Helpers (TEACH) to discuss the to discuss the to discuss the to discuss the problem.problem.problem.problem.


The TEACHs The TEACHs The TEACHs The TEACHs advised the prince advised the prince advised the prince advised the prince that they could that they could that they could that they could definitely help with definitely help with definitely help with definitely help with the problem. They the problem. They the problem. They the problem. They would establish a would establish a would establish a would establish a crack team of crack team of crack team of crack team of rescuers.rescuers.rescuers.rescuers.


These rescuers These rescuers These rescuers These rescuers would be would be would be would be stationed at the stationed at the stationed at the stationed at the bottom of the cliff bottom of the cliff bottom of the cliff bottom of the cliff and attempt to and attempt to and attempt to and attempt to catch any citizen catch any citizen catch any citizen catch any citizen falling off the cliff.falling off the cliff.falling off the cliff.falling off the cliff.


This This This This would would would would surely surely surely surely save save save save most of most of most of most of their their their their lives..lives..lives..lives..


To make it easier for the To make it easier for the To make it easier for the To make it easier for the public to know which public to know which public to know which public to know which citizens were likely to citizens were likely to citizens were likely to citizens were likely to try to repeat going over try to repeat going over try to repeat going over try to repeat going over the wall, they would the wall, they would the wall, they would the wall, they would mark all those that they mark all those that they mark all those that they mark all those that they had caught, with a red had caught, with a red had caught, with a red had caught, with a red letter “P” on their letter “P” on their letter “P” on their letter “P” on their foreheads.foreheads.foreheads.foreheads.


As a warning to the As a warning to the As a warning to the As a warning to the rest of the public, rest of the public, rest of the public, rest of the public, whenever their whenever their whenever their whenever their attempt to catch a attempt to catch a attempt to catch a attempt to catch a citizen failed, they citizen failed, they citizen failed, they citizen failed, they would mark the would mark the would mark the would mark the victim’s tombstone victim’s tombstone victim’s tombstone victim’s tombstone with a large carved with a large carved with a large carved with a large carved letter “F”. letter “F”. letter “F”. letter “F”.


Unfortunately the ladders Unfortunately the ladders Unfortunately the ladders Unfortunately the ladders became better and more and became better and more and became better and more and became better and more and more citizens began using more citizens began using more citizens began using more citizens began using them.them.them.them.


This meant that This meant that This meant that This meant that catching falling catching falling catching falling catching falling citizens was a very citizens was a very citizens was a very citizens was a very timetimetimetime----consuming and consuming and consuming and consuming and difficult task for the difficult task for the difficult task for the difficult task for the rescuers. Surely, rescuers. Surely, rescuers. Surely, rescuers. Surely, something else something else something else something else needed to be done.needed to be done.needed to be done.needed to be done.


The wise Prince The wise Prince The wise Prince The wise Prince called together his called together his called together his called together his TEACHs and said, TEACHs and said, TEACHs and said, TEACHs and said,

“Let us build a “Let us build a “Let us build a “Let us build a high fence atop high fence atop high fence atop high fence atop

the wall that even the wall that even the wall that even the wall that even the ladder the ladder the ladder the ladder

climbers can not climbers can not climbers can not climbers can not get over.”get over.”get over.”get over.”


Almost immediately, the Almost immediately, the Almost immediately, the Almost immediately, the kingdom saw a dramatic drop kingdom saw a dramatic drop kingdom saw a dramatic drop kingdom saw a dramatic drop in the number of citizens in the number of citizens in the number of citizens in the number of citizens going over the cliff.going over the cliff.going over the cliff.going over the cliff.


There was now less There was now less There was now less There was now less work for the work for the work for the work for the catchers and they catchers and they catchers and they catchers and they could concentrate could concentrate could concentrate could concentrate their efforts on the their efforts on the their efforts on the their efforts on the few citizens that few citizens that few citizens that few citizens that still managed to still managed to still managed to still managed to get over the fence.get over the fence.get over the fence.get over the fence.


And low and And low and And low and And low and behold, they behold, they behold, they behold, they were much were much were much were much more more more more successful at successful at successful at successful at catching those catching those catching those catching those few that fell.few that fell.few that fell.few that fell.


But the problem was But the problem was But the problem was But the problem was not completely solved. not completely solved. not completely solved. not completely solved. The ladder The ladder The ladder The ladder manufacturer soon manufacturer soon manufacturer soon manufacturer soon began to build special began to build special began to build special began to build special electric ladders that electric ladders that electric ladders that electric ladders that could reach even could reach even could reach even could reach even higher. The fence was higher. The fence was higher. The fence was higher. The fence was now not tall enough!now not tall enough!now not tall enough!now not tall enough!


So the Prince said, “I think we So the Prince said, “I think we So the Prince said, “I think we So the Prince said, “I think we can raise the fence even can raise the fence even can raise the fence even can raise the fence even higher and maybe even build higher and maybe even build higher and maybe even build higher and maybe even build a few sets of fences in a a few sets of fences in a a few sets of fences in a a few sets of fences in a row.”row.”row.”row.”


So now, the citizens who wanted to So now, the citizens who wanted to So now, the citizens who wanted to So now, the citizens who wanted to get over the cliff would need to get over the cliff would need to get over the cliff would need to get over the cliff would need to climb even higher and need climb even higher and need climb even higher and need climb even higher and need multiple ladders, one for each multiple ladders, one for each multiple ladders, one for each multiple ladders, one for each successive fence.successive fence.successive fence.successive fence.


This new set of fences caused the This new set of fences caused the This new set of fences caused the This new set of fences caused the number of falling citizens to number of falling citizens to number of falling citizens to number of falling citizens to decrease even more and allowed the decrease even more and allowed the decrease even more and allowed the decrease even more and allowed the catchers even more time to catchers even more time to catchers even more time to catchers even more time to concentrate on the very few who still concentrate on the very few who still concentrate on the very few who still concentrate on the very few who still fell from the cliff.fell from the cliff.fell from the cliff.fell from the cliff.


With their extra With their extra With their extra With their extra time available, time available, time available, time available, the catchers the catchers the catchers the catchers were even able were even able were even able were even able to build to build to build to build observation observation observation observation towers along towers along towers along towers along the North the North the North the North border…border…border…border…


Now the curious Now the curious Now the curious Now the curious could gaze out over could gaze out over could gaze out over could gaze out over the wonderful valley the wonderful valley the wonderful valley the wonderful valley vista to their vista to their vista to their vista to their heartheartheartheart’s content, s content, s content, s content, free from the free from the free from the free from the possibility of possibility of possibility of possibility of falling over the falling over the falling over the falling over the cliff.cliff.cliff.cliff.


And the citizens, And the citizens, And the citizens, And the citizens, beholding this beholding this beholding this beholding this glorious view, were glorious view, were glorious view, were glorious view, were inspired and built inspired and built inspired and built inspired and built wonderful palaces wonderful palaces wonderful palaces wonderful palaces for not only the for not only the for not only the for not only the Prince and the Prince and the Prince and the Prince and the TEACHs but also TEACHs but also TEACHs but also TEACHs but also for themselves. for themselves. for themselves. for themselves.


And the And the And the And the kingdom kingdom kingdom kingdom prospered, prospered, prospered, prospered, like no other like no other like no other like no other kingdom had kingdom had kingdom had kingdom had ever ever ever ever prospered prospered prospered prospered before.before.before.before.The End.The End.The End.The End.

Documents

in a Digital Age - Search Find Kno · Types of Plagiarism .. from Plagiarism.org Sources Cited (But Still Plagiarized) 5.55..5. The Perfect Crime The Perfect Crime - Well, we all