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sUppORT FOR LEGAL EdUcATIOn MOdERnIZInG ALBAnIA’s cOURT sYsTEM sUppORTInG cITIZEn EFFORTs TO FIGHT cORRUpTIOn sTREnGTHEnInG THE RULE OF LAW sTREnGTHEnInG THE cIvIL sOcIETY’s WATcHdOG ROLE dEvELOpInG A LEGIsLATIvE FRAMEWORK cOnTRIBUTInG TO JUdIcIAL REFORM IMpROvInG AccEss TO JUsTIcE • AlbanianJusticeSectorStrengtheningProject(JuST)(2010-2015)
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20 YEARs OF pARTnERsHIpINRULEOFLAW
dEvELOpInG A LEGIsLATIvE FRAMEWORK
• Between1992-1996,USAIDsupportedAlbania’sinitialconstitutiondraftingefforts,andotherimportantlegislationsuchastheCriminalandCivilCodes,andCriminalandCivilProcedureCodes.
• In1998,USAID’seffortswerevitaltore-draftAlbania’sconstitutionandgarnerpublicsupportforitspassagethroughanextensivevoterawarenesscampaign.
• AnimportantearlyachievementwasthedistributionofAlbanianlegalcodestojudges,prosecutors,andattorneystocorrectthelackofaccesstoAlbanianlaw.From1995-97,morethan10,000copiesofcivilandcriminalcodesweredisseminated.In1997,USAIDalsohelpedestablishalawlibraryattheSupremeCourt,opentoallmembersofthelegalcommunity.
sTREnGTHEnInG THE RULE OF LAW
• In2004-2007,USAIDsupportedtheOmbudsmanandprovidedtrainingtoofficials,civicwatchdogs,andthemediaontheFree-domofInformationlaw.
• In2004,USAIDdraftedtheLawontheConflictofInterest.Inthefirstyearafterthepassageofthelawin2005,morethan135conflictofinterestcaseswereresolved.
• TheHighInspectoratefortheDeclarationandAuditofAssets(HIDAA)wascreatedin2003withUSAIDsupport.USAID’sas-sistancetoHIDAAresultedinthestrengtheningofthatinstitution’sroleasenforceroftheassetdisclosureandconflictofinterestlaws.
• In2007,USAIDbeganathree-yearprogramthatintroducedac-countabilitymeasuresin10pilotcourtsinordertohelpcourtsmeetstandardsforgoodjudicialpractice.Suchmeasuresincludedpublica-tionofcourtdecisions,audiorecordsofcourthearings,computer-izedcasemanagement.USAID,incooperationwithOSCE,alsosup-portedtheopeningofPublicInformationOfficesintheGjirokastraandTiranaAppellateCourtsandtheMatDistrictCourt.
MOdERnIZInG ALBAnIA’s cOURT sYsTEM
• USAIDwillprovidedirectsupporttoallAlbaniancourtstotakeadvantageofdigitalaudiorecordingtechnologyforproducingandmakingavailableverbatimrecordsoflegalproceedings.
• USAIDwillofferassistancetoimprovecasemanagementpracticesandpro-motegreateruseofpubliccourtrooms.
• USAIDwillintroduceandexpandtheuseofmediationforresolvingcom-mercialandfamilylawdisputesinthreepilotcourts.
sUppORTInG cITIZEn EFFORTs TO FIGHT cORRUpTIOn • In2001,USAIDhelpedestablishanalmost300
memberAlbanianCoalitionAgainstCorruption(ACAC)tomobilizeciviloppositiontocorruptpractices.TheCitizen’sAdvocacyOffice(CAO)wascreatedin2001withsupportofUSAIDasanofficetoprovidefreelegalservicestocitizensotherwisewithoutaccesstolegalassistance.CAObecameoneoftheleadingvoicesinpublicdebatesregardinggovernance,justice,transparency,andcorruption.In2006,CAOwasdesignatedasAlbania’schapterofTransparencyInternational.
• USAIDfundedsixCorruptioninAlbaniaSurveys(2004-2010)whichservedasfocalpointsforpolicydebatesandacivicmonitoringeffortongovern-mentperformance,andfurtherstrengthenedAlba-nia’sdomesticsurveyresearchcapacity.
• InordertoprovidethepublicwithinformationabouttheAlbanianlegalsystemandencouragethediscussionabouttheproblemsfacingthejudicialsystem,USAIDsupportedanumberofmediapro-gramssince2003.AmongthemUSAIDhassup-porteda“60Minutes”styleTVprogram(“Hapur”)thathascarriedoutmorethan200investigationssince2002denouncingcorruptionandabuseofpublicofficeatthelocalandnationallevel,Heroes(2002-2004),andJusticeMatters(2008)programs.USAIDalsotrainedhundredsofjournaliststhroughaninvestigativejournalismtrainingprograms.
sUppORT FOR LEGAL EdUcATIOn
• USAIDwillimplementAlbania’sfirstcontinuinglegaleducationprogramforlawyersintwopilotregionalChambersofAdvocatesinDurresandVlora,incooperationwiththeAlbanianNationalChamberofAdvocates.
• USAIDwillsupportthepublicationofaBarJournalfortheAlbanianlegalprofession.
• USAIDwillestablishaclinicallegaleducationprogramattheUniversityofTiranaLawFaculty.
sTREnGTHEnInG THE cIvIL sOcIETY’s WATcHdOG ROLE
• USAIDwillworktostrengthenthecapacityofcivilsocietyandjudicialorganizationstomonitorandadvocateforjusticesystemreform,anti-corruption,andgoodgovernanceinAlbaniathroughspecializedtrainingandagrantsprogram.
• USAIDwillprovidetechnicalassistancetopromoteinvestigativereportingbyAlbanianjournalists.
• USAIDwillestablishaclinicallegaleducationprogramattheUniversityofTiranaLawFaculty.
cOnTRIBUTInG TO JUdIcIAL REFORM
• In1996,USAIDhelpedcreatetheAlbanianMagistrate’sSchool(AMS).USAIDandotherdonorstrainedteachersandprovidedthenecessaryequipmenttomaketheAMSfunctionalin1997.
• Since1999,USAIDhashelpedtheAMStotrainAlbania’ssittingjudgesonavarietyofcommerciallawtopics,includingoncommercialtransactions,basicaccounting,internationalprivatelaw,andintellectualproperty.Over140judgesweretrainedintheseprograms.
• USAIDhasalsosupportedthejudiciary’sindependentgoverningbodies.TheNationalJudicialConference(NJC),helditsfirstmeetinginDecember1999.USAIDsupporthelpedtoorganizeNJCcommittees,includingthoseonlegislature,ethics,andcourtbudgets.
• WithUSAIDsupport,theindependentcourtbudgetlawwasenactedin1999whichprovidedthejudiciarywiththeauthoritytocontrolitsownresources.
IMpROvInG AccEss TO JUsTIcE
• Inthemid-1990’s,USAIDworkedwithfourlegalclin-icsthatprovidefreeorlow-costlegaladvice.Thefirstclinic,theWomen’sAdvocacyCenter,openedin1996torepresentvictimsofdomesticviolence.Anotherclinic,theTiranaLegalAdviceService,servedthou-sandsofneedyclientsbyhelpingthemobtainpensionsandprotectingtheirpropertyrights.
• In1998,USAIDprovidedsupporttothenewlycreatedinstitutionofthePeople’sAdvocate(theOmbudsman)whoisresponsibleformonitoringthegovernment’srespectforhumanrights,andcompliancewithhumanrightslegislation.
• Inthelate1990’s,USAIDsupportedthecreationofAlbania’sNationalDayofJusticetoraiseawarenessonthepartofAlbania’scitizensabouttheirlegalrights.
pROJEcTs 2000-2010•CorruptionReductioninAlbania(2000-2004)•NGOLegalReformforCentralandEasternEurope(2001-2004)InternationalCenterforNon-ProfitLaw
•CriminalLawTraining(2001)• StrengtheningtheRuleofLaw(2000-2005)• JudicialReform(2001-2002)• AlbaniaPilotCourtAdministrationReformProject(2003-2005)• AlbaniaRuleofLawProject(2004-2007)•Women’sLegalRightsInitiative(WLRI)(2003-2006)• JudicialReformIndex(2006-2009)• RuleofLawPrograminAlbania(2007-2010)
pROJEcTs 2011 And BEYOnd• AlbanianJusticeSectorStrengtheningProject(JuST)(2010-2015)
pROJEcTs 1991-1999• TechnicalAssistanceondraftingAlbania’sconstitution(1993-1994)• AlbaniaJudicialTrainingProgram(JTP)(1998-2000)• CommercialLawTraining• CollateralLawReform(1998-2001)withtheUniversityofMaryland/IRISCenter
2011ANDBEYONDTHE2000sTHE1990s