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In the time that it takes

the music to playwriteas much as you know

about bonds

Compound with the mostcorrect wins!

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What determines

the type of bondthat forms?

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ELECTRONEGATIVITY

The tendency of an atomto attract electrons to

itself when it is bondedto another atom

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BOND STRENGTHthe energy needed to

break the bonds

between atoms in acompound

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Bond Strength

The greater the differencein electronegativities, the

greater the bondstrength

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It does not require

energy to make bonds. Itrequires energy to break

bonds.

Breaking up is hard to do

Misconception Alert!

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2 Main Bonding Options

By transferring electrons

(producing ions)(big difference in EN)

By sharing electrons

(small difference in EN)

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IONIC BONDbond formed between

two ions by the

transferof electrons(difference in EN > 1.67)

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IONIC COMPOUND

substance formed

when electrons aretransferred between 2

or more substances

(making ions)

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Example of an Ionic Bond

Chlorine steals one of

sodiums electrons

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Characteristics of

Ionic SubstancesElectrons are transferred

Bonds between metals andnon-metals

Formulas are in simpleratios (NaCl)

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More Characteristics of

Ionic Substances Crystalline structure at room

temperature High melting points

Good conductors of electricitywhen molten or dissolved

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COVALENT BONDbond formed by the

sharingof electrons

(difference in EN < 1.67)

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MOLECULE

a neutral group of

atoms held together bycovalent bonds

(ex: H2O)

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Example of a Covalent Bond

Each of Hydrogens electrons

are shared to make H2

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Characteristics of

Covalent Substances Electrons are shared

Bonds between non-metals andother non-metals

Formulas are in true ratio ofatoms (C

6H

12O

6)

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More Characteristics of

Ionic Substances Substances may exist in any

state of matter at roomtemperature

Low melting points Nonconductors of electricity

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Bonds in all the polyatomic

ions and diatomics are allcovalent bonds

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The ability to conductan electrical current

CONDUCTIVITY

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Can we use

conductivity to

determine if asubstance is ionic or

covalent?

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WHICH IS

STRONGER?

Ionic bonds are stronger

than covalent

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when electrons aresharedbut shared

unequally

POLAR COVALENT

BONDS

H2O

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Example of a Polar Covalent Bond

An unequal sharing of

h dro ens electrons

A dipole caused by the polar covalent bond

of the water molecule.

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Unequal sharing creates

areas of positive andnegative charge on a

polar compound.

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O

H

x

Hx

+

+

-2

DipoleMoment

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Structure of Soap

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The slight

differences

in charge

bond water

molecules

together(H-Bonding)

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HOMEWORKDo problems 3-4 on page306 of the text.

Pg. 304 #1,2

C l t L i St t M th

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Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane

CH4Write Formula:MAKE THE SKELETON!

C HH

H

H

C l t L i St t M th

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Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane

C =

CH4Write Formula:1) Calculate # of Valence e-:

(1)(4) = 4

(4)(1) = 4

Element = (# of Atoms)(# of Valence e-s)

H =8 valence e-s

2) Not an ion

C l t L i St t M th

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Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane

CH4

3) Place Bonding Pairs

8 v. e-s

C HHH

H4) Complete Ligand Octets

5) Add left overs

-8=0

6) Check for stabilitya. Central Octet?b. 8, OK for Periods 3-7

C l t L i St t M th

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Covalent Lewis Structure: Methane

CH4

7) Draw the Lewis LINE Structure

C HH

H

H

C l t L i St t

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Covalent Lewis Structure:

Boron Trifluoride

BF3Write Formula:

MAKE THE SKELETON!

B FF

F

C l t L i St t

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Covalent Lewis Structure: Boron Trifluoride

B =

BF3Write Formula:1) Calculate # of Valence e-:

(1)(3) = 3

(3)(7) = 21

Element = (# of Atoms)(# of Valence e-s)

F =24 valence e-s

2) Not an ion

C l t L i St t

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Covalent Lewis Structure: Boron Trifluoride

BF3

3) Place Bonding Pairs

24 v. e-s

B FF

F4) Complete Ligand Octets

5) Add left overs

-6=18

6) Check for stabilitya. Central Octet?b. 8, OK for Periods 3-7

-18=0

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CARBON BONDS

Carbon makes LOTS of

bondsbut never morethan 4

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Tartrate

http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~chm2040/cgi-bin/image_eval.cgi?Op=display&Chapter=11&File=shapes&Image=g14f6.gif

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http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~chm2040/cgi-bin/image_eval.cgi?Op=display&Chapter=11&File=shapes&Image=g14f6.gif

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Trigonal Planar

Bent

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Tetrahedral

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Tetrahedral

Bent (2 lone pairs)

Trigonal Pyramidal

IONIC COMPOUND

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IONIC COMPOUND

substance formed

when electrons aretransferred between 2

or more substances

(making ions)

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How do you nameionic compounds?

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How do you writeionic compounds?

i !

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Kris Kross Method!

Ca3As2

Ca

2+

As

3-

J t k i k th

http://aix2.uottawa.ca/~s1539179/ko.gif

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Just kris kross the

positive and the

negative chargesNa1+ Cl1- NaCl

Pb4+ O2- Pb2O4

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Which charge

ALWAYS

comes first?

POSITIVE!!!

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Are yousure?

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For Polyatomics it gets

a bit more complex

Pb4+ SO4

3- Pb3

(SO4

)4

NH41+ PO4

3- (NH4)3 PO4