Ina105.Introduction Building Team

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INTRODUCTION

INA105/151

Building Construction & Materials 1

Prepared by :

Othman Hassan

Senior Lecturer / Registered Interior Designer with Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (Reg. No : ID/O 6)

Department of Interior Architecture

UiTM Perak


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INTRODUCTIONINA105/151

THE BUILDING TEAM

Building is essentially a team effort in which each member has an important role to

play. The organization structure of a typical team and the role of each member is

defined below.

Building owner

The client; the person who commission the work and directly or indirectly employs

everybody.

Architect (Professional consultant)

Engaged by the building owner as his agent to design, advise and ensure that theproject is kept within cost and complies with the design.

Engineers (Professional consultant)

Specialists such as a civil/electrical/mechanical engineers employed to work with the

architect on that particular aspect of the design.


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Quantity Surveyor (Professional consultant)

Engaged to prepare bills of quantities, check tenders, prepare interim valuations and

advise architect on the cost variations.

Clerk of Site

Employed on large contract as the architects on-site representatives. He has only

liaison powers and cannot issue instructions on his own behalf; he can only offer

advise

Main Contractor/Contractor

Employed by the building owner, on the architects advice, to carry out theconstructional works. He takes his instructions from the architect.

Sub-Contractor

Appointed to assist main contractor, on the architects advice, to carry out the

constructional works.



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Interior Designer (Professional consultant)

Engaged to do special interior design works if required.

Landscape Architect (Professional consultant)

Engaged to do special landscape design works if required

Contracts manager

Liaises between the office and the site and has overall responsibility for the site

operations..

Surveyor (Professional consultant)

Employed by the contractor to check and assist the quantity surveyor in the

preparation of interim valuations and final accounts, He may also measure work done

for bonus and sub-contractor payments.



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Buildingowner

Architect

Main Contractor Clerk of work Quantity

Surveyor

Engineers Interior

Designer

Landscape

Architect

Contracts

ManagerSurveyor Estimator Buyer Administrator

General

Foreman

Operatives

Costing

Account

Office staff

THE BUILDING TEAM

(Big projects)

Sub-Contractor



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Buildingowner

Architect

Contractor Quantity

Surveyor

Engineers

Contracts

ManagerEstimator Administrator

Workers Costing

Account

Office staff

THE BUILDING TEAM

(Small projects)



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2. The Constructing Stage

Construction works begin after the appointment of contractors.

1. Site Investigation

2. Site Clearance

3. Establishing Datum Level And Setting Out The Building4. Excavation And Foundation Works

5. Building Structure Construction

6. Floor Construction

7. Wall Construction

8. Window Frame Installation

9. Roof Construction10. Wall Plastering

11. Ceiling Construction

12. Floor finishes Installation

13. Doors and Windows Installation

14. Drain Construction

15. Fence Construction

16. Site Clearance



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THE CONSTRUCTING STAGE

1. Site InvestigationInvestigate on site and soil condition.

A soil investigation includes the following aims:

a. define the soil type

b. find the groundwater level

c. check for tree roots

d. take soil samples for tests in a laboratory

e. carry out some in-situ tests

f. test for contamination.

2. Clearing the siteThis may involve the demolition of existing buildings,

the grubbing out of bushes and trees and the removal

of soil to reduce level.


Site clearing


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3. Establishing datum level and setting out the building

To establish level and base line from which the whole building can be set out.


Setting/establishing base line Leveling work


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4. Excavations and foundation works

Before a foundation can be laid it is necessary to excavate a trench of the required

depth and width. Foundation is the base on which a building rests and its purpose is

to safely transfer the load of a building to a suitable subsoil.


Excavating a trench Concreting the foundations

The pad foundation


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5. The construction of building structure (beams and columns)

Sometimes called as building skeleton. The structures will bear all life and dead loads

and transfer it to the building foundations.


Concreting the ground floor beams Concreting the columnsConcreting the floor/roof beams


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6.The construction of floors

Flat level of the building that support life load and dead load.


Concreting the floor Leveling the concrete floor


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THE CONSTRUCTING STAGES

7. The construction of walls and installation of door frames

The building side covering.


Brick laying works


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8. Install window frames


Installing the window frame Installing the window frame

The window frame


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9. The construction of roofs

The building top coverings


Constructing the roof joists Installing the roof tiles

Installing insulation & battens

Installing roof trusses


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10. Wall plastering


Wall plastering worksRefining wall plastering works


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11. The construction of ceilings


Constructing the asbestos ceilingConstructing the plaster ceiling


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12. The installation of floor finishes

Installation of floor tiles/granites/marbles etc.


Installing the floor tiles Installing the floor skirting

Cutting the tiles


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13.The installation of doors and windowsThe building openings

14.The construction of drain

Drain at the buildings perimeter

15. The construction of fences

Building boundary fences



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16. Site clearance

Clearing all rubbish on site before handover

THE BUILDING COMPONENTS

1. Foundations and building structures

2. Floors

4. Walls

5. Roofs

6. Ceilings7. Staircases and escalator

8. Openings (door & window



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Superstructure

Substructure

Ground floor level

Building basement

Building floor

levels

Building superstructure and substructure


Building foundation


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References:

1. Ivor H. Seeley (1995):Build ing Technolog y. Fif th edit ion. MacMillan.

2. Roland Ashcroft (1992):Construct ionFor Inter ior Designers. Second Edit ion. Longman.

3. Roger Greeno (1998):Adv anced Constru ct ion Techno logy.

4. R. Chudley (1996): Construc t ion Techno logy. Longman



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THE END


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Ina105.Introduction Building Team