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Implication of Marine Air Emission from Ocean-Going Vessels to the
Coastal Air Quality Heekwan Lee, Ph.D. Professor of Environmental
Engineering, Incheon National University Director of Asian
Institute for Environmental Research and Energy (A.NERGY) South
Korea
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Contents Marine air emission from ocean- going vessel and its
impact to coastal air quality Emission estimation using inventory
analysis PAQman and its application Summary and further study IMOs
Emission Control Area
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Air emission from marine vessels
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Air emission from marine vessel Year 2000 United States Diesel PM
and NOx Emission
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Air emission from marine vessel NOx in 2000NOx in 2015 -Total NOx
emission in 2000 at Santa Barbara was about 9 times higher than
total NOx emission percent in USA -NOx percentage is expected to
increase approximately double in 2015 than NOx emission in
2000.
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Breeze vs. air pollution in Sydney
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A local issue in Incheon In coastal areas such as articles and a
lot of ship emissions of pollutants are being made Existing
national air pollution emissions in the figure are emission
inventory, review and supplement Estimation of air pollution
emission from ships and analysis
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CO 2 emission from shipping & aviation (IMO study)
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Emission inventory analysis The primary method recommended by IPCC.
Tier 1 : Supply fuel Consumed fuel by the ships activities are
based on national sales data. Tier 3 : Actual consumption fuel On
the basis of an individual ship's flight is a way to calculate the
emissions. a = Fuel type(diesel, gasoline, LPG, tec.) b = Vessel
type(adenoma, engine type)
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Emission data analysis using Tier 1 (Incheon, 2005) NOx Point
emission source 48% Airlines 4% Emission source ground movement 35%
Shipping 6% Emission source area 7% SO Point emission source 52%
Emission source area 15% Airlines 1% Shipping 30% Emission source
ground movement 2% NO x emission from ship contribution 6% of total
NO x emission. SO 2 emission from ship contribute 30%, even
considering the emission during anchoring period.
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Ship emission estimation using Tier 3 1. Group the ship into vessel
categories Determine the proper categories. (CORINAIR, IPCC, EPA
etc.) 2. AIS (Automatic Identification System) Data The sailing
time for each ship / vessel identification Time of departure and
arrival / Position and Course Vessel's actual speed by the
section(cruising, maneuvering, departing etc.) 3. Determine
emission factors The emission factors based on the speed and engine
power for each vessel category 4. Vessel information from static
information Vessel Identification, Speed(Max.), Power(Max),
Production year etc. 5. Emission estimation Classifying the cruise
mode(cruising, approaching, docking, hotelling, departing) of the
ship. Emission estimation by the each mode section Total emissions
from individual emission
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Static information Vessel registration information When a vessel is
selected, following information is available 1. Vessel type 2.
Construction year 3. Vessel name 4. Vessel owner 5. Registration
number
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AIS(Automatic Identification System) Real time geographic location,
speed of vessel and vessel detail as in Table NO.NameDetails
1messageMessage type 2time 3mmsiMaritime Mobile Service Identifier
4navigational 0: under way using engine 1: at anchor 2: not under
command 5sogSpeed over ground 6turn Rate of turn +- 127 degrees/min
7heading360 degrees 8lon 1/10000 min (+-180 degrees, East: positive
West: Negative) 9lan 1/10000 min (+-180 degrees, North: positive
South: Negative) 10nameShip name 11cargoType of cargo ship
12dimensionShip size Table: Detail of AIS data format
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Emission scope: Incheon Distance of anchorage from harbor Within
15km: W anchorage, A anchorage, E anch orage, Inspection anchorage,
Departing anchorage. Approximately 30km : Y anchorage, 1st waiting
z one Distance harbor pollution standards Land based: 12 nautical
mile(22km) If the distance is 12 nautical mile from Baekah-Do, it
is about 90~100km from Incheon port.
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PAQman processing Map of Incheon coastal areaData upload and
archieve Data activity
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Scope for emission inventory 1. TMx, TMy Coordinate transformation
2. Ships from Teir 1 Emission point
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Emission from Tier 3 (Incheon, 2005) -The difference in emission
estimation is due to the difference in effective boundary zone
(Tier1= 16km, and Tier3 = 200km) - Peaks represent the emission
amount at waiting zones (about 8km, 14km and 24km distance from
port)
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Summary and further study Domestic line of territory Study to find
the effective zone of vessel emission in Incheon coastal area To
determine the emission control area (ECA) based on domestic
territory or marine territory. Domestic territory approximately
170km Marine territory approximately 192.3km
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IMOs emission control area International Maritime Organization
(IMO) Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC)
International convention for the prevention of pollution from ships
(MARPOL) Emission Control Area (ECA) defined in MARPOL Annex 6
(adopted in 1997)