Incineration Altern

8/7/2019 Incineration Altern

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IncinerationIncineration versusversus Zero WasteZero Waste

St. Paul, MN, Nov 14,St. Paul, MN, Nov 14, 20072007

Dr Paul Connett Dr Paul Connett Professor Emeritus of ChemistryProfessor Emeritus of Chemistry

St Lawrence University, Canton, NY St Lawrence University, Canton, NY

[email protected]@FluorideALERT.org

www.www.FluorideALERT.FluorideALERT.orgorg



Air emissions versus fuelAir emissions versus fuel

(pounds per thousand kwh)(pounds per thousand kwh)

Leaflet from Xcel EnergyLeaflet from Xcel Energy




(pounds per thousand kwh)(pounds per thousand kwh)CarbonCarbondioxidedioxide

SulfurSulfurdioxidedioxide

NOxNOx PMPM MercuryMercury








NaturalNaturalGasGas

11921192 0.0050.005 1.21.2 0.070.07 1 x 101 x 10--88









11921192 0.0050.005 1.21.2 0.070.07 1 x 101 x 10--88

RDFRDF 58705870 1.01.0 9.69.6 0.220.22 6923 x 106923 x 10--88









11921192 0.0050.005 1.21.2 0.070.07 1 x 101 x 10--88

RDFRDF 58705870 1.01.0 9.69.6 0.220.22 6923 x 106923 x 10--88

BiomassBiomass 39103910 0.60.6 8.18.1 1.361.36 1316 x 101316 x 10--88




ECONOMIC COSTSECONOMIC COSTS

Natural Gas Burner for ROCK Natural Gas Burner for ROCK--TENNTENN

= $ 11.2 million= $ 11.2 million RDF/biomass BurnerRDF/biomass Burner

$300$300 -- $500 million ?????$500 million ?????



OUTLINEOUTLINE

1. Waste Management & the Big1. Waste Management & the BigPicturePicture

2. The arguments against incineration2. The arguments against incineration

3. Incineration air emissions3. Incineration air emissions

4. Incineration & dioxins4. Incineration & dioxins

5. The alternative to landfills and5. The alternative to landfills and

incineratorsincinerators



1.1. Waste ManagementWaste Management&&

the Big Picturethe Big Picture







We are living on this planet as if weWe are living on this planet as if we

had another one to go tohad another one to go toWe cannot run a throwaway societyWe cannot run a throwaway societyon a finite planeton a finite planet

We are robbing our own children andWe are robbing our own children andgrandchildrengrandchildren

This is colonialism in time!This is colonialism in time!

LandfillsLandfills BURYBURY the evidencethe evidence

IncineratorsIncinerators BURNBURN the evidencethe evidence

We need to face the real problemWe need to face the real problem





Not only isNot only is

overover--consumptionconsumptiongiving us a local waste crisisgiving us a local waste crisis

but alsobut also



a Global crisis a Global crisis



Global warming is theGlobal warming is thesymptom, what is thesymptom, what is thecause?cause?



The Global Crisis:The Global Crisis:

Since the IndustrialSince the Industrial

RevolutionRevolution we havewe haveimposed a linear society onimposed a linear society ona planet that functions ina planet that functions in

circlescircles



A LINEAR SOCIETY A LINEAR SOCIETY



ExtractionExtraction




ExtractionExtraction ProductionProduction




ExtractionExtraction ProductionProduction ConsumptionConsumption




ExtractionExtraction ProductionProduction ConsumptionConsumption WasteWaste




ExtractionExtraction ProductionProduction ConsumptionConsumption WasteWaste

Advertising/TVAdvertising/TV



OverOver--advertisingadvertisingproducesproducesOverOver--consumptionconsumption



By the time a high school

student leaves school, he or she

will have watched over 350,000 TV commercials.

Paul HawkenThe Ecology of Commerce.



MythMyth versusversus RealityReality

THE MYTH:THE MYTH:

The more you consume the happierThe more you consume the happieryou becomeyou become

THE REALITY:THE REALITY:

The more you consume the fatter youThe more you consume the fatter youbecome!become!



Modern man!Modern man!



The world has enoughThe world has enoughfor everyonesfor everyones needneedbut not for everyonesbut not for everyonesgreedgreed

Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi



Extraction ofExtraction ofVirginVirgin

MaterialsMaterials

Production ofProduction ofManufacturedManufactured

itemsitemsConsumptionConsumption WasteWaste





MaterialsMaterials



Solid wasteSolid wasteAir pollutionAir pollutionWater pollutionWater pollution

Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

ENERGYENERGY





MaterialsMaterials





ENERGYENERGY




MaterialsMaterials


itemsitemsConsumptionConsumption

DiscardedDiscardedMaterialsMaterials





ENERGYENERGY ENERGYENERGY




MaterialsMaterials












MaterialsMaterials









INCINERATION & LANDFILLSINCINERATION & LANDFILLS




MaterialsMaterials









RECYCLING OF MATERIALSRECYCLING OF MATERIALS




MaterialsMaterials









REUSE OF OBJECTSREUSE OF OBJECTS




MaterialsMaterials









COMPOSTINGCOMPOSTING



Waste Management Options and

Climate Change. AEA 2002

Overall,Overall, source segregationsource segregation of MSW,of MSW,followed byfollowed by recyclingrecycling (for paper,(for paper,

metals, textiles and plastics) andmetals, textiles and plastics) andcomposting/ADcomposting/AD (for putrescible(for putresciblewastes)wastes) gives the lowest net flux of gives the lowest net flux of

greenhouse gasesgreenhouse gases compared to othercompared to otherforms of treatment of bulk MSWforms of treatment of bulk MSW



Kg Greenhouse gas/tonne MunicipalKg Greenhouse gas/tonne MunicipalWasteWaste

Riciclaggio e compostaggio Riciclaggio e compostaggio --461461

Trattam ento Meccanico Trattam ento Meccanico --Biologico e stoccaggio Biologico e stoccaggio

--366366

T ermovalorizzazion eT ermovalorizzazion e --1010

Waste Management Options and Climate Change. AEA 2002

Slide fromA

ttilio TornavaccaSlide fromA

ttilio Tornavacca



Incineration is a waste of energy!Incineration is a waste of energy!

33--4 times more energy4 times more energy can be saved by acan be saved by acombination of reuse, recycling andcombination of reuse, recycling andcomposting compared to incinerationcomposting compared to incineration

Contact: Dr. Jeffrey Morris,Contact: Dr. Jeffrey Morris,[email protected]@zerowaste.com



Energy Comparison:Energy Comparison: RecyclingRecycling versusversus

incinerationincineration (ICF consulting, 2005)(ICF consulting, 2005)

materialmaterial EnergyEnergysavings fromsavings fromrecyclingrecycling

GJ/tonneGJ/tonne

Energy outputEnergy outputfromfromincinerationincineration

GJ/tonneGJ/tonne

Energy savingsEnergy savingsrecyclingrecycling

versusversusincinerationincineration

Newsprint Newsprint 6.336.33 2.622.62 2.42.4Fine paperFine paper 15.8715.87 2.232.23 7.17.1

CardboardCardboard 8.568.56 2.312.31 3.73.7

Other paperOther paper

9.499.49 2.252.25 4.24.2HDPEHDPE 64.2764.27 6.306.30 10.210.2

PETPET 85.1685.16 3.223.22 26.426.4

Other plasticOther plastic 52.0952.09 4.764.76 10.910.9



2. Arguments against2. Arguments againstincineratorsincinerators

They generate a toxic ash which is poorlyThey generate a toxic ash which is poorlyhandledhandled

They generate toxic air emissions, which areThey generate toxic air emissions, which are

poorly monitoredpoorly monitored They are extremely expensive and a poorThey are extremely expensive and a poor

investment for our children.investment for our children.

They are very unpopular with the public andThey are very unpopular with the public andpushed into communities undemocraticallypushed into communities undemocratically

Incineration is not sustainableIncineration is not sustainable

There are better alternatives which areThere are better alternatives which are



Incineration is extremelyIncineration is extremely

unpopularunpopular

In the US over 300 incineratorIn the US over 300 incineratorproposals defeated since 1985proposals defeated since 1985

US has not permitted a newUS has not permitted a new

trash incinerator since 1995.trash incinerator since 1995.



Incineration is a poorIncineration is a poor

investmentinvestment�� Most of the money spent onMost of the money spent on

incinerators goes into complicatedincinerators goes into complicated

machinery and leaves the community,machinery and leaves the community,whereaswhereas

�� The money spent on the alternativesThe money spent on the alternativesgoes into jobs and stays in thegoes into jobs and stays in the

community.community.





Think of an incinerator asThink of an incinerator as

three boxesthree boxes

1.1.TheThe FurnaceFurnace whichwhichConverts 100s ofConverts 100s ofTons of trash intoTons of trash into

Trillions of tinyTrillions of tinyparticlesparticles

and gases.and gases.








2.2.TheThe Air PollutionAir Pollutioncontrol devicescontrol devices

Which attempt toWhich attempt tocapture the tinycapture the tiny

particles and someparticles and some

of the gasesof the gases








2.2.TheThe Air PollutionAir Pollutioncontrol devicescontrol devices

Which attempt toWhich attempt tocapture the tinycapture the tiny

particles and someparticles and some

of the gasesof the gases

3.

3.

A A depositorydepository forforthe tiny particlesthe tiny particles

capturedcaptured(the fly ash)(the fly ash)

andandthe bottom ashthe bottom ash



CHUTE

SECONDARYCHAMBER

TURBINE

BOILER

ELECTRICITY

STEAM

TRASHBOTTOM ASH FLY ASH

TEMP< 200oC

SEMI-DRYSCRUBBER

FABRICFILTER

WET SCRUBBER

DE-NOX

ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL

Ca(OH) 2 SUSPENSION

AMMONIAINJECTION

GRATES

For every three tons of trash you get about one ton of ashFor every three tons of trash you get about one ton of ash



Ash managementAsh management

In Germany & Switzerland fly ash put into nylonIn Germany & Switzerland fly ash put into nylonbags and placed in salt minesbags and placed in salt mines

In Japan some incinerators vitrify the ashIn Japan some incinerators vitrify the ash

In the Netherlands they put the fly ash into asphalt In the Netherlands they put the fly ash into asphalt and the bottom ash into road bedand the bottom ash into road bed

In DenmarkIn Denmark

They send all the ash to NorwayThey send all the ash to Norway

In the US the EPA allows the bottom ash and flyIn the US the EPA allows the bottom ash and flyash to be mixed together before testingash to be mixed together before testing



3. Incineration air3. Incineration air

emissionsemissions

AIR EMISSIONS



AIR EMISSIONS

CO2 + H2O

ACID GASES:HCI, HF, SO2

NOx

TOXIC METALS:Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr etc

NEW COMPOUNDSNEW COMPOUNDS::PCB¶sPCB¶sPCDDs (DIOXINS)PCDDs (DIOXINS)PCDFs (FURANS)PCDFs (FURANS)ETCETC

NANONANO

PARTICLESPARTICLES









Incineration is notIncineration is not

sustainablesustainable

It wastes material resourcesIt wastes material resources

It wastes energyIt wastes energy

It wastes the opportunity to fight globalIt wastes the opportunity to fight globalwarming and the many other impactswarming and the many other impacts

of extracting and processing virginof extracting and processing virginmaterialsmaterials



Incineration &Incineration &

nanoparticlesnanoparticles Both morbidity and mortality in large citiesBoth morbidity and mortality in large cities

can be related to particulate matter (PM)can be related to particulate matter (PM)(from traffic, power stations and industry)(from traffic, power stations and industry)

As the particles get smaller the relationshipAs the particles get smaller the relationshipgets strongergets stronger

A modern incinerator converts hundreds orA modern incinerator converts hundreds orthousands of tons of trash each day intothousands of tons of trash each day intotrillions of nanoparticlestrillions of nanoparticles

These nanoparticles are the most dangerousThese nanoparticles are the most dangerousof any combustion sourceof any combustion source



Incineration &Incineration &

nanoparticlesnanoparticles

Nanoparticles from incineratorsNanoparticles from incinerators contain:contain:

neurotoxic metals,neurotoxic metals, stabilized free radicalsstabilized free radicals

thousands of newly synthesized compoundsthousands of newly synthesized compounds(including PCBs, dioxins and furans).(including PCBs, dioxins and furans).

Any toxic element used in commerce hasAny toxic element used in commerce hasthe potential to end up in nanoparticlesthe potential to end up in nanoparticlesproduced by incineratorsproduced by incinerators



The dangers ofThe dangers of

nanoparticlesnanoparticles

Nanoparticles are not efficientlyNanoparticles are not efficiently

captured by air pollution controlcaptured by air pollution controldevices,devices,

travel long distances,travel long distances,

penetrate deep into the lungspenetrate deep into the lungs







Nano PathologyNano Pathology

Nano particles can easily cross the cellNano particles can easily cross the cellmembranes of every tissuemembranes of every tissue

Including the blood brain barrier andIncluding the blood brain barrier andthe nuclear membranethe nuclear membrane

Nanoparticles can carry neurotoxicNanoparticles can carry neurotoxic

metals into the brainmetals into the brain



Aggregati di PiomboAggregati di Piombo,, BarioBario,, CromoCromo,, FerroFerro ee SilicioSilicio inin CervelloCervello..

www.stefanomontanari.net



Nano PathologyNano Pathology

Nanoparticles can carry stabilized freeNanoparticles can carry stabilized free

radicals (which cause oxidative stressradicals (which cause oxidative stress --inflammationinflammation -- many degenerative diseases)many degenerative diseases)into every tissue in the bodyinto every tissue in the body

also dioxins and furansalso dioxins and furans

Free Radical AttackFree Radical Attack



Free Radical AttackFree Radical Attack

Aus: ³Free RadicalsRandox Ltd.



4. Dioxins and4. Dioxins and

IncinerationIncineration





Dioxins interfere with fetal andDioxins interfere with fetal and

infant devlopmentinfant devlopment Dioxins act like fat soluble hormonesDioxins act like fat soluble hormones

Disrupt at least six different hormonalDisrupt at least six different hormonal

systems:systems: male and female sex hormones;male and female sex hormones;thyroid hormones; insulin; gastrin andthyroid hormones; insulin; gastrin andgluocorticoid.gluocorticoid.

Linda S. Birnbaum (Linda S. Birnbaum (Health EffectsHealth EffectsResearch Laboratory, US EPA)Research Laboratory, US EPA)Developmental Effects of DioxinsDevelopmental Effects of DioxinsEnvironmental Health PerspectivesEnvironmental Health Perspectives,, 103103: 89: 89--94, 199594, 1995



Effects of dioxins on thyroidEffects of dioxins on thyroid

function of new born babiesfunction of new born babies H.J. Pluim et al.,H.J. Pluim et al., The Lancet The Lancet, May 23, 1992., May 23, 1992.

(Volume 339, 1303)(Volume 339, 1303)

Examined 38 new born babies, divided them into 2Examined 38 new born babies, divided them into 2groups:groups:

LowLow--exposedexposed (mothers had average(mothers had average 18.618.6 ppt ppt dioxins in milk fat, range 8.7dioxins in milk fat, range 8.7 -- 28)28)

HighHigh--exposedexposed (mothers had average(mothers had average 37.537.5 ppt ppt

dioxins in milk fat, range 29dioxins in milk fat, range 29 -- 63)63)

Eff f Di i N l Th id F i fEff f Di i N l Th id F i f



Effect of Dioxins on Neonatal Thyroid Function afterEffect of Dioxins on Neonatal Thyroid Function afterLowLow--exposure and Highexposure and High--exposure at various agesexposure at various ages

nnLowLow--

exposureexposurenn(mean)(mean)

nnHighHigh--

exposureexposurenn(mean)(mean)

nnP*P*

nnAt birthAt birth nnT4T4 nn122.5122.5 nn134.3134.3 nn0.0710.071

nnT4/TBGT4/TBG nn0.2400.240 nn0.2320.232 nn0.450.45

nnTSHTSH nn10.410.4 nn11.911.9 nn0.580.58

nn1 week1 week nnT4T4 nn154.5154.5 nn178.7178.7 nn0.006*0.006*

nnT4/TBGT4/TBG nn0.2910.291 nn0.3320.332 nn0.006*0.006*

nnTSHTSH nn2.932.93 nn2.562.56 nn0.510.51

nn11weeks11weeks nnT4T4 nn111.1111.1 nn122.2122.2 nn0.033*0.033*

nnT4/TBGT4/TBG nn0.2200.220 nn0.2470.247 nn0.040*0.040*

nnTSHTSH nn1.811.81 nn2.502.50 nn0.044*0.044*



Our Stolen FutureOur Stolen FutureHow ManHow Man--made Chemicals aremade Chemicals areThreatening our Fertility,Threatening our Fertility,

Intelligence and SurvivalIntelligence and Survival

Theo ColbornTheo Colborn

John Peterson MyersJohn Peterson MyersDianne DumanoskiDianne Dumanoski

19941994



IQ and populationIQ and population

100

Number of Kids

With a

Specific IQ

IQ




Very Bright

Mentally

handicapped100

Number of Kids

With a

Specific IQ

IQ




Very Bright

Mentally

handicapped95 100

Number of Kids

With a

Specific IQ

IQ

WE WANT DIOXINWE WANT DIOXIN



OU

T OF

OUR

BABIES! OU

T OF

OUR

BABIES!

WE WANT DI OX IN WE WANT DI OX IN



Institute of Medicine,Institute of Medicine,

20032003Dioxins and DioxinDioxins and Dioxin--like Compounds inlike Compounds in

the Food Supplythe Food Supply

Strategies to Decrease ExposureStrategies to Decrease Exposure

July 1, 2003July 1, 2003

I tit t f M di i 2003I tit t f M di i 2003



Institute of Medicine, 2003Institute of Medicine, 2003

Fetuses and breastfeeding infants may beFetuses and breastfeeding infants may beat particular risk from exposure to dioxinat particular risk from exposure to dioxinlike compounds (DLCs) due to theirlike compounds (DLCs) due to theirpotential to causepotential to cause adverseadverseneurodevelopmental, neurobehavioral,neurodevelopmental, neurobehavioral,and immune system effectsand immune system effects in developingin developingsystemssystems

I tit t f M di i 2003I tit t f M di i 2003



Institute of Medicine, 2003Institute of Medicine, 2003

The committee recommends that theThe committee recommends that thegovernment place agovernment place a high public healthhigh public healthprioritypriority on reducing DLC intakes by girlson reducing DLC intakes by girlsand young womenand young women in the years well beforein the years well before

pregnancy is likely to occur.pregnancy is likely to occur.

(by)(by) Substituting lowSubstituting low--fat or skim milk, forfat or skim milk, forwhole milk,whole milk, (and)(and) foods lower in animalfoods lower in animalfatfat

WE WANT DIOXINWE WANT DIOXIN



WE WANT DI OX IN WE WANT DI OX IN

OU T OF OUR FOOD! OU T OF OUR FOOD!



Do not build incineratorsDo not build incineratorswithin 50 km of foodwithin 50 km of foodproductionproduction -- particularlyparticularly

grazing animalsgrazing animals



Promoters say thatPromoters say thatmodern incinerators havemodern incinerators havesolved the dioxinsolved the dioxinproblem, but have they?problem, but have they?



Yang & Kim (2004).Yang & Kim (2004). Characteristics of dioxins andCharacteristics of dioxins andmetals emission from radwaste plasma arc meltermetals emission from radwaste plasma arc meltersystem.system. Chemosphere 57: 421Chemosphere 57: 421--428428

When PVC was fed into the highWhen PVC was fed into the high--temperature melter,temperature melter,a significant quantity of PCDD/Fs, cadmium and leada significant quantity of PCDD/Fs, cadmium and leadwas emitted.was emitted.

Wet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as well as aWet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as well as alow temperature twolow temperature two--step fine filtration, or both of step fine filtration, or both of them togetherthem together cannot cannot effectively control the volatileeffectively control the volatilemetal species and gasmetal species and gas--phase PCDD/Fs.phase PCDD/Fs.

The removal of PVC from the feed waste streamThe removal of PVC from the feed waste streammust also be effective to reduce the emissions of themust also be effective to reduce the emissions of thePCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead species.PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead species.



While modern incineratorsWhile modern incineratorshave reduced dioxinhave reduced dioxinemissionsemissions

there is no realthere is no realaccountabilityaccountability

in most countriesin most countries



YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THEPUBLIC FROM TOXIC EMISSIONS.




STRONGREGULATIONS




STRONGREGULATIONS

ADEQUATEMONITORING

YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE




STRONGREGULATIONS

ADEQUATEMONITORING

TOUGHENFORCEMENT

YOU NEED THREE THINGS TO PROTECT THE




STRONGREGULATIONS

ADEQUATEMONITORING

TOUGHENFORCEMENT

IF ANY LINK IS WEAK THE PUBLIC IS NOT PROTECTED



³Even if we made incineration safe we

would never make it sensible.It simply does not make sense tospend so much money destroying

resources we should be sharing withthe future.´ (PC)



Incineration is notIncineration is not

sustainablesustainable



DIFFERENT TIMESDIFFERENT TIMES

DIFFERENT QUESTIONSDIFFERENT QUESTIONS

2020thth CENTURYCENTURY

WASTEWASTEMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

³ How do we get rid ³ How do we get rid

of our wasteof our waste

efficiently withefficiently withminimum damage tominimum damage to

our health and theour health and the

environment ?´ environment ?´

2121stst CENTURYCENTURY

RESOURCERESOURCEMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

³ How do we handle our ³ How do we handle our

discarded resources indiscarded resources in

ways which do not ways which do not deprive futuredeprive future

generations of some, if generations of some, if

not all, of their value ?´ not all, of their value ?´

I i ti P f tiI i ti P f ti



Incineration: Perfecting aIncineration: Perfecting a

bad ideabad idea Our task in the 21st Century is not toOur task in the 21st Century is not to

find better ways to destroy discardedfind better ways to destroy discarded

materialsmaterials But to stop making packaging andBut to stop making packaging and

products that have to be destroyed!products that have to be destroyed!



5. The Sustainable5. The SustainableAlternative to landfills andAlternative to landfills and

incinerationincineration==

the ZERO WASTE 2020the ZERO WASTE 2020

strategystrategy



Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020 No to incineratorsNo to incinerators

No to landfillsNo to landfills

No to a throwaway societyNo to a throwaway society

Yes to a sustainable societyYes to a sustainable society

Zero Waste is an idealistic goal, but Zero Waste is an idealistic goal, but Zero WasteZero Waste 20202020 puts it into a realistic timeframeputs it into a realistic timeframe

Zero Waste is a new directionZero Waste is a new direction

Its moving from theIts moving from the back endback end of of waste disposalwaste disposal

to theto the front endfront end of of resource management resource management andand industrial designindustrial designfor sustainabilityfor sustainability

Wa t i tWa t i t a t h i ala t h i al



Waste is notWaste is not a technicala technical

problemproblem butbuta problem of a problem of

organization,organization,

educationeducation andand

industrial designindustrial design



To achieve Zero WasteTo achieve Zero Waste

We need three things:

1) INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIBILITY (at the front end)

2) COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY (at the back end)

3) GOOD LEADERSHIP (in both places)



Industrial ResponsibilityIndustrial Responsibility

1.1. Design for sustainabilityDesign for sustainability

2.2. Clean productionClean production

3.3. Extended Producer ResponsibilityExtended Producer Responsibility

Extended ProducerExtended Producer




ResponsibiltyResponsibilty -- packagingpackaging� The Ontario (Canada) Beer industry hasbeen using refillable glass bottles for 50 year

� 98% recovered

� Each bottle reused 18 times

� It saves the company money

� 2000 jobs in collection and cleaning

�

No cost to municipality





ResponsibiltyResponsibilty -- productsproductsXEROX CORPORATION EUROPEXEROX CORPORATION EUROPE

Recovers copying machines from 16 different Recovers copying machines from 16 different

countriescountries Takes them to huge warehouses in theTakes them to huge warehouses in the

Netherlands, where the machines are strippedNetherlands, where the machines are strippeddown for parts and materialsdown for parts and materials

95% of materials recovered for reuse or recycling!95% of materials recovered for reuse or recycling! This is saving XeroxThis is saving Xerox $76 millions a year$76 millions a year!!!!



For more examples ofFor more examples of



For more examples ofFor more examples of

Industrial ResponsibilityIndustrial Responsibility Contact Gary Liss at Contact Gary Liss at

[email protected]@garyliss.com

For more information on EPRFor more information on EPRinitiatives contact Bill Sheehan at initiatives contact Bill Sheehan at

[email protected]@productpolicy.org





1 2 3



CompostingCompostingFacilityFacility

1 2 3

Slid es from Enzo FavoinoSlid es from E nzo Favoino



Aerazione forzataAerazione forzata

Aerazione ForzataAerazione Forzata

Composting Facility forComposting Facility for



Composting Facility forComposting Facility for

San FranciscoSan Francisco

1 2




1 2 3

1 2




MaterialsMaterialsRecoveryRecovery

FacilityFacility

1 2 3

MATERIALS RECOVERY FACIILITYMATERIALS RECOVERY FACIILITY



at Pier 96




1 2





FacilityFacility

1 2 3



We have to minimizeWe have to minimizewhat goes into containerwhat goes into container

33 -- the residualsthe residuals

1 2





FacilityFacility

Reuse & Repair Reuse & Repair

1 2 3

1 2





FacilityFacility


1 2 3

& Deconstruction& Deconstruction



Burlington, VermontBurlington, Vermont

Recycle North (27 employees, gross income overRecycle North (27 employees, gross income over$700,000) offers an excellent model of reuse,$700,000) offers an excellent model of reuse,repair,repair, job trainingjob training and deconstructionand deconstruction -- see videosee video..

www.recyclenorth.orgwww.recyclenorth.org See also Urban Ore, BerkeleySee also Urban Ore, Berkeley

Revolve, Canberra, AustraliaRevolve, Canberra, Australia

Waste Wise, Georgetown, OntarioWaste Wise, Georgetown, Ontario

EcoCycle, Boulder, ColoradoEcoCycle, Boulder, Colorado Eureka Recycling, St. Paul, MNEureka Recycling, St. Paul, MN





ItalyItaly

A supermarket chain near Florence isA supermarket chain near Florence isproviding dispensers which allowproviding dispensers which allow

customers to refillcustomers to refill shampooshampoo andanddetergent detergent bottlesbottles

OthersOthers wine, waterwine, water andand milkmilk

Alcune iniziative italiane per la riduzioneAlcune iniziative italiane per la riduzione



Alcune iniziative italiane per la riduzioneAlcune iniziative italiane per la riduzione



��Un pizzico diUn pizzico dicreatività a montecreatività a monte

può far risparmiarepuò far risparmiaremilioni a vallemilioni a valle

l dl d



IrelandIreland

Has a 15 cent tax on plastic shoppingHas a 15 cent tax on plastic shoppingbagsbags -- reduced use by over 90% inreduced use by over 90% in

one yearone year 80 towns in Australia have banned80 towns in Australia have banned

plastic shopping bags completelyplastic shopping bags completely

1 2 3

CommunityCommunity





FacilityFacility

ResidualsResiduals??


1 2 3


CommunityCommunityInitiatives toInitiatives to

ReduceReducewastewaste

The residual fraction is the keyThe residual fraction is the key



difference between incineration anddifference between incineration and

the Zero Waste strategythe Zero Waste strategy Incineration attempts to make the residualsIncineration attempts to make the residuals

disappeardisappear

Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020 needs to make the residualsneeds to make the residualsVERY VISIBLE, becauseVERY VISIBLE, because

Residual FractionResidual Fraction = bad industrial design and poor= bad industrial design and poorpurchasing decisionspurchasing decisions

We need better industrial design, communityWe need better industrial design, communityorganization and individual responsibility to moveorganization and individual responsibility to movetowards sustainabilitytowards sustainability



The Key Step ForwardThe Key Step Forward





What we needWhat we need



RESIDUAL SCREENING & RESEARCH& RESEARCH FACILITY



MORE TOXICS

NON-TOXIC, NON-BIODEGRADABLEFRACTION

MORERECYCLABLES

DIRTYDIRTYORGANICORGANICFRACTIONFRACTION

INTERIM LANDFILL

BIOLOGICAL

STABILIZATIONRESEARCHRESEARCHCENTERCENTER

RESIDUAL SCREENING & RESEARCH FACILITY



NON-RECYCABLE MATERIALS

LocalLocalUniversityUniversity

OrOrTechnical CollegeTechnical College

RESEARCHRESEARCH

CENTERCENTER

RESEARCH CENTERRESEARCH CENTER



RESEARCH CENTERRESEARCH CENTER

Improve capture rate of reusables,Improve capture rate of reusables,recyclables and clean compostables (Captainrecyclables and clean compostables (CaptainGarbageGarbage -- make it fun!)make it fun!)

Recommend waste avoidance strategies forRecommend waste avoidance strategies forlocal businesseslocal businesses

Develop some local uses for some materialsDevelop some local uses for some materials

Recommend better industrial designs toRecommend better industrial designs toindustry on packaging etcindustry on packaging etc

Develop alternatives to some of the toxics inDevelop alternatives to some of the toxics inproducts (batteries, paint, solvents etc)products (batteries, paint, solvents etc)

1 2 3

CommunityCommunity





FacilityFacility ResidualResidualScreeningScreening&& Reseach

FacilityFacilityReuse & Repair Reuse & Repair

1 2 3


CommunityCommunityInitiatives toInitiatives to

ReduceReducewastewaste

Household toxicsHousehold toxics



Networking for SustainabilityNetworking for Sustainability



Networking for SustainabilityNetworking for Sustainability

Need a network of local researchNeed a network of local researchcenters linked to state, regional andcenters linked to state, regional and

federal research institutes working onfederal research institutes working ona SUSTAINABLE FUTUREa SUSTAINABLE FUTURE



WITH THE ZERO WASTE WITH THE ZERO WASTE



2020 STRA

TE

GY2020 STRA

TE

GYWE CONVERTWE CONVERT 3 TONS OF TRASH3 TONS OF TRASH

intointo::

1 ton of compostables1 ton of compostables

1 ton of recyclables1 ton of recyclables

andand1 ton of EDUCATION!1 ton of EDUCATION!

The Message to Industry:The Message to Industry:



The Message to Industry:The Message to Industry:

�� If we cant If we cant reuse it reuse it ,, recycle it recycle it oror compost compost it it ,,

�� Industry shouldnt be making it andIndustry shouldnt be making it and

�� we shouldnt be buying it!!!we shouldnt be buying it!!!

Another three reasons why ZWAnother three reasons why ZW



yy2020 is better than incineration2020 is better than incineration

Jobs!Jobs!

Jobs !!Jobs !!

Jobs !!!Jobs !!!

Nova ScotiaNova Scotia



50% diversion in 5 years50% diversion in 5 years (Halifax ~ 60%)(Halifax ~ 60%)

10001000 jobs created collecting and treatingjobs created collecting and treatingdiscarded materialsdiscarded materials

AnotherAnother 20002000 jobs created in thejobs created in theindustries handling the collected materialindustries handling the collected material

Nearly all the separated materials are reNearly all the separated materials are re--used in Nova Scotias own industries.used in Nova Scotias own industries.



Zero waste InitiativesZero waste Initiatives



around the worldaround the world

www.GRRN.orgwww.GRRN.org

www.ZWIA.orgwww.ZWIA.org

www.CRRA.orgwww.CRRA.org

www.ecocycle.orgwww.ecocycle.org

Canberra AustraliaCanberra Australia



Canberra, AustraliaCanberra, Australia

Passed law No Waste by 2010Passed law No Waste by 2010

Currently over 70% diversionCurrently over 70% diversion

Setting up a Resource Recovery ParkSetting up a Resource Recovery Parkto locate all the industries which canto locate all the industries which canmake products out of separatedmake products out of separated

materialsmaterials

OntarioOntario



OntarioOntario

The city of Markham (north of The city of Markham (north of Toronto) has diverted 70% fromToronto) has diverted 70% from

landfill in 2 years.landfill in 2 years. Contact: Councillor Erin ShapiroContact: Councillor Erin Shapiro

[email protected]@markam.ca

www.Markham.cawww.Markham.ca

Prince Edward Island,Prince Edward Island,



CanadaCanada

Whole island has door to doorWhole island has door to doorcollection of recyclables andcollection of recyclables and

compostablescompostables

New ZealandNew Zealand



New ZealandNew Zealand

Over 50% of communitiesOver 50% of communitieshave declared a Zero Wastehave declared a Zero Waste

strategystrategy





Population = 850,000Population = 850,000

Very little spaceVery little space

50% waste diverted by 200050% waste diverted by 2000

63% waste diverted by 200463% waste diverted by 2004 75% waste diverted by 201075% waste diverted by 2010

(goal)(goal)

100% (or very close!) by 2020100% (or very close!) by 2020 Zero WasteZero Waste



ALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD TRIMMINGS ANDALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD TRIMMINGS AND

COMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THECOMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THE



COMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THECOMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THE

GREENGREEN CARTCART

The source separated organicsThe source separated organics



go to a composting faciolitygo to a composting faciolity

THE COMPOST IS SOLD TO LOCAL THE COMPOST IS SOLD TO LOCAL

FARMERSFARMERS



FARMERSFARMERS

THE FOOD PRODUCED GOES BACKTHE FOOD PRODUCED GOES BACK

TO SAN FRANCISCOTO SAN FRANCISCO



TO SAN FRANCISCOTO SAN FRANCISCO

ALL BOTTLES, CANS ANDALL BOTTLES, CANS AND

RECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THERECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THE



RECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THERECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THE

BLUEBLUE CARTCART




at Pier 96

ItalyItaly



ItalyItaly

Italy has pioneered new door to doorItaly has pioneered new door to doorcollection systems to maximize thecollection systems to maximize the

collection of clean organic materialcollection of clean organic material Important work done by Enzo FavorinoImportant work done by Enzo Favorino

from the Agricultural School in thefrom the Agricultural School in theParco Monza, near Milan.Parco Monza, near Milan.

Comunità in Lazio che hannoComunità in Lazio che hannoriciclato più del 50% dei rifiutiriciclato più del 50% dei rifiuti



attraverso il sistema di raccoltaattraverso il sistema di raccolta

portaporta--aa--portaporta in un solo anno!in un solo anno!

ComuneComune PopulazionePopulazione % rifiuto% rifiuto

differenziatodifferenziatoSonninoSonnino 7,1547,154 54%54%

SermonetaSermoneta 7,0007,000 64%64%

LenolaLenola 4,2004,200 65%65%

MonterosiMonterosi 3,0293,029 54%54%

BassianoBassiano 1,6701,670 50%50%

CastelforteCastelforte 4,7004,700 52%52%



ItalyItaly



ItalyItaly

The Treviso regionThe Treviso region -- 22 communities22 communities

averaging 76% diversionaveraging 76% diversion

RISULTATI QUANTITATIVIRISULTATI QUANTITATIVIAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATAAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA



AUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATAAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA

27,18%33,64%

65,64%70,42% 73,82% 75,63%

0%

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30%

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50%

60%

70%

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CONSORZIO ANNO 2000

(14 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2001

(14 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2002

(14 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2003

(18 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2004

(22 COMUNI)

CONSORZIO ANNO 2005

(22 COMUNI)

A U A U

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R A C C O L T A D I F F E R E N

32,53%78,53%

31,68%75,04%

25,22%74,41%

25,11%79,09%

19,05%75,36%

35,40%72,41%

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18,48%72,35%

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DIFFERENZIATA COSTA DI PIU?DIFFERENZIATA COSTA DI PIU?



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Costi di gestione senza raccolta differenziata

Costi di gestione con raccolta differenziata



La gestione dei rifiutiLa gestione dei rifiuti

nei Comuni del Consorzio Priulanei Comuni del Consorzio Priula

Paolo ContòPaolo ContòConsorzio Intercomunale PriulaConsorzio Intercomunale Priula -- Villorba (TVVillorba (TV))

[email protected]@priula.it

VIDEOSVIDEOS



On the Road to Zero Waste:On the Road to Zero Waste:Part 1: Nova Scotia, CanadaPart 1: Nova Scotia, Canada

Part 2: Burlington, Vermont, USPart 2: Burlington, Vermont, US

Part 3: Canberra, AustraliaPart 3: Canberra, AustraliaPart 4: San FranciscoPart 4: San Francisco

ZERO WASTE:ZERO WASTE: Idealistic Dream or Realistic Goal?Idealistic Dream or Realistic Goal?

GOOD LEADERSHIPGOOD LEADERSHIP



GOOD LEADERSHIPGOOD LEADERSHIP

We need leaders with

Big ision

imagination

and «

WHO ARE NOT BORING!

HUMAN BORINGSHUMAN BORINGS



HUMAN BORINGSHUMAN BORINGS

Have no imaginationHave no imagination have no visionhave no vision

have no sense of humorhave no sense of humor

are obsessively tidyare obsessively tidy confuse being clever with being wiseconfuse being clever with being wise

have more faith in machines than peoplehave more faith in machines than people

believe science and technology can fix everybelieve science and technology can fix every

problemproblem believe man is the centre of the universebelieve man is the centre of the universe

And a womans place is in the kitchen!And a womans place is in the kitchen!



Boring experts thinkBoring experts thinkwith the wrong end ofwith the wrong end oftheir bodies !their bodies !

A BACK END THINKER«



1. A CUP2. A BUCKET

3. A FOOT PUMP4. AN ELECTRIC PUMP

A FRONT END THINKER«



The waste problemThe waste problem



pp

Is too important to be left to wasteIs too important to be left to wasteexpertsexperts

We need all sectors involved if we areWe need all sectors involved if we areto move towards a sustainable societyto move towards a sustainable society

As far as sustainability is concernedAs far as sustainability is concerned

the waste problem is a fabulous placethe waste problem is a fabulous placeto start to start



Zero Waste 2020

Education

SustainableEconomic

Development

Sustainableagriculture

Communitydevelopment

SustainableEnergy

IndustrialDesign &LaborUnions

Architecture





TAX PAYERS$DOLLARS JOBS



$DOLLARS JOBSENERGY SMALL

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESFLEXIBILITY VISION

RESOURCES IMAGINATION

CREATIVITYCOMMUNITY

RESPONSIBILITYINDUSTRIAL

RESPONSIBILITY

SUSTAINABILITY

Three final messagesThree final messages



gg

To Citizens:To Citizens:

Dont let the experts take your common senseDont let the experts take your common senseawayaway

To Politicians:To Politicians: Put your faith back in peoplePut your faith back in people -- stop trying to solvestop trying to solve

all your problems with overpaid consultants andall your problems with overpaid consultants andmagic machinesmagic machines

To Activists:To Activists: Have Fun!Have Fun!



The Battle Hymn ofThe Battle Hymn of



GarbageGarbage (Chorus)(Chorus)

We dont want incinerationWe dont want incineration

We dont want incinerationWe dont want incinerationWe dont want incinerationWe dont want incineration

We know theres a better way!We know theres a better way!




GarbageGarbageWhile we recognize our landfillsWhile we recognize our landfills

All are swelling with the wasteAll are swelling with the waste

This doesnt justifyThis doesnt justifyA bad decision made in haste!A bad decision made in haste!

Let us put our heads togetherLet us put our heads together

So the problem may be facedSo the problem may be facedAnd we must do it now!And we must do it now!











GarbageGarbageMine eyes have seen the garbageMine eyes have seen the garbage

Thats a smoldering on the grateThats a smoldering on the grate

We must stop incinerationWe must stop incinerationBefore it is too lateBefore it is too late

Unless we wish the dangersUnless we wish the dangers

We had better separateWe had better separate

And we must do it now!And we must do it now!








Documents

Incineration Altern