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INDEPENDENT READING/CORNELL NOTES
-Use COLOR and DRAWINGS (including arrows/circles) to HIGHLIGHT and MARK your TEXT and NOTES!!
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6.4 BUILDING BLOCK of LIFEWHAT YOU’LL LEARN:-4 major groups of biological macromolecules-functions of each group of biological macromolecules
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
-study of organic compounds-the compounds that contain carbon = organic
PROBLEM/Q: _PROBLEM/Q: _____________________________________________________
Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules
MAIN IDEA:
ORGANIC CHEMISTRYORGANIC
CHEMISTRYIDENTIFY # valence electrons in carbon atom.____
DETERMINE: # covalent bonds carbon can form ____
CALCULATE: What % of the outer energy level is full? __________________
EXPLAIN:
4
4
50%
4/8 = 1/2 = 50%
outer energy level holds up to 8 electrons—4 of 8 is 50%
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
straight chain molecules
branched molecules
ring molecules
-Diversity of life due to many different carbon structures
-in the form of:
MACROMOLECULESMACROMOLECULES
polymers
monomers
-large molecules formed by…
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
joining smaller organic molecules
-repeating units of nearly or identical monomers-linked by series of covalent bonds
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESCARBOHYDRATES
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
-general formula:
-simple sugars
-2 ______________________ linked together
-longer chains of _____________________________
CALCULATE: If a monosaccharide has 4 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it have? ________
8
-monosaccharides
CH2O
-carbohydrate molecules
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESLIPIDS
saturated fats
unsaturated fats
steroids
IDENTIFY the key characteristics of lipids that enables them to keep unwanted substances from penetrating cell membranes. ________________Non-polar -do not dissolve in
water
-single bonds between carbons-no more bonds can form
-at least 1 double bond between carbons-can form at least 1 other bond w/hydrogen-cholesterol—starting pt for vitamin D-hormones— important for gender/reproductive functions
-fats/oils/waxes
FATS
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESPROTEIN
STRUCTURES
amino acids
DRAW CONCLUSIONS: What protein function suggests most enzymes are proteins?
-made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sometimes sulfur-20 different amino acids
-made of small compounds called amino acids
-speed up chemical reactions
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESNUCLEIC
ACIDS
nucleotides
DRAW CONCLUSIONS: What group of macromolecules do you think DNA belongs?
-nucleic acids
-small units make up nucleic acids-made up of 3 subunits:
-nitrogen base-phosphate-ribose sugar
-macromolecules store/transmit genetic info
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
lipids
CH2O
carbohydrates
DNA
nucleic acids
amino acids
nucleotides
-fatty acid tails
CIRCLE each nucleotide grouping
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
TRUE/FALSE1-Carbon atoms can bond together in straight
chains, branched chains or rings.2-Large molecules containing carbon atoms are
called micromolecules.3-Polymers are molecules made from repeating
units of identical organic compounds that are linked together by hydrogen bonds.
4-Carbon is a component of almost all biological substances.
5-Macromolecules can be organized into vitamins, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW
TRUE
FALSE-macromolecules
FALSE- covalent TRUE
FALSE- carbohydrates
COOPERATIVE LEARNINGLAB GROUP(3-5 students)-working TOGETHER as a cooperative group to COMPLETE TASK-EVERY TEAM MEMBER has a job and participates EQUALLY
1-READ THROUGH EACH TASK (silently or together)
2-DISCUSS (use POSITIVE communication)3-ANSWER4-MOVE ON (only when ALL team members
understand)QUESTIONS ?’s -each other CLARIFICATION-Asking Mrs. Schlatter for clarification NOT answers.FYI-discussion within COLORED group ONLY
EVALUATE: the number of molecules of eachelement in the carbohydrate described by
theformula: (CH2O)6
carbon _____ hydrogen _____ oxygen _____
-ratio of C/H/O: _________________
-type of carbohydrates
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
-monosaccharide
6 12
6
1:2:1
LABEL the diagrams:
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
saturated unsaturated
LABEL the diagrams:
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
LABEL the diagrams:
DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW
DATA ANALYSIS1-IDENTIFY the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
2-IDENTIFY the DEPENDENT VARIABLE
3-DESCRIBE the effects soluble fiber appears to have on cholesterol levels in the blood.
DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW
diet
cholesterol levels
-lowers cholesterol levels-lowers male levels more than females
SUPPLIES:-hot plate-test tube tongs-beakers 50mL 250mL 600mL-3 test tubes-2 plastic cups
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
-benedicts solution--sugar-*iodine--starch
-paper sack--lipids
-biuret solution--protein
TEST INDICATORS
-*place iodine on petri dish outside of tray—will stain skin/clothes/plastic
LAB: MURDER and a MEALPre-LAB TESTS:1-LIPID: 1 drop of oil on paper sack2-CARB/SUGAR: corn starch in benedict
solution/heat 3-CARB/STARCH: iodine on cracker4-PROTEIN: biuret solution on egg white
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
test tubeplastic cup
small 50 mL beaker
paper towel
LAB: MURDER and a MEALLAB TESTS: unknown stomach contents1-LIPID: paper sack2-CARB/SUGAR: benedict solution/heat 3-CARB/STARCH: iodine4-PROTEIN: biuret solution
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
test tube
plastic cup
small 50 mL beaker
paper towel
CLEAN UP: -turn off hot plates-dump all food in trash-wash all equipment/return to lab trays
-use test tube brush to clean test tubes-leave iodine on petri dish outside of tray
SUPPLIES:-hot plate-test tube tongs-beakers 50mL 250mL 600mL-3 test tubes-2 plastic cups
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
-benedicts solution--sugar-*iodine--starch-paper sack--lipids
-biuret solution--protein
-lids on TEST INDICATORS/return to lab trays
-*place iodine on petri dish outside of tray—will stain skin/clothes/plastic