INDEX [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805211/57810/index/9780521157810... · 2015-03-19 · INDEX Abril, Pablo, 145 Abril, Xavier, 262 Acuna, Manuel, 7 Adorno, Theodore

INDEX

Abril, Pablo, 145 Abril, Xavier, 262 Acuna, Manuel, 7 Adorno, Theodore W., viii, 183,

244 Aguirre, Enrique Ball6n, 262 Alberti, Rafael: and anti-Fascist

activity, 224, 225; and Congress for Defence of Culture, 228; as friend of Vallejo, 154, 159; poetry readings of, 227; war poetry of, 231, 232, 234, 236

Alegria, Ciro, 4, 13 Aleixandre, Vicente, 227 Alienation: and absurdity, 184;

and capitalism, 178-83; and nature, 82, 109; end of, 241; intellectual, 172; of existence, 32,41,42,49,50-1,112-13, 163; of one-dimensional man, 56; of poet, 21, 39; of world, 179-80; Romantic, 27-56, 103, 117

Alonso, Rodolfo, 259 Alphabet, the, viii, 3, 73, 135 Altoaguirre, Manuel, 227 Ar.nauta,139,144,148,157 Anachronism, 1, 12; and mod-

ernism,6-9 Anti-Fascist movement, 140,

224-6 Apocalypse, ix, 165, 192 Apocalyptic: poems, 183-91;

vision, 165, 187-91 Apollinaire, 16 Apra movement, 11, 12, 140, 147,

148 Aragon, Louis, 16, 224, 225, 226,

229; on Vallejo, vii, 256-7 Arcos, Rene, 15 'Aristocracy of the best', 8, 18 Aristophanes, 115 Artaud,142 Art: abstract, 155; and life, 149-

50; and revolution, ix, 138-60; aristocracy of, 17; Bolshevik, 155; bourgeois, 144, 150; collective, 140, 144; committed, ix, 8; Herrera y Reissig on, 15; materialist, 156-60; proletarian, 155; socialist, 144-5, 155-6; Soviet, 151-2, 153; 'that ceases to be Art', 141

Artist, the: and political commitment, 18-19,140, 150; and revolution, 138-60; as Christ, 17-18; Vallejo on, 149-50

Assens, Rafael Cansinos, 16 Asturias, Miguel, 25 Asturrizaga, Juan Espejo, 259, 261 Aub, Max, 228 Auden, 230, 233 Avant-garde, 16, 17; Vallejo and,

139-42, 155 Azafia, Manuel, 226 Azul, Mosca, 260

Baca, Juan Mejia, 259 Banville, 15 Barbusse, Henri, 81; and anti

Fascism, 225; and commitment, 140, 145, 225-6; and thematic revolution, 150; funeral of, 256; Jesus of, 157; Zaldumbide on, 79-80

Barcia, Jose Rubio, 261 Baty, Gaston, 158

285

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286 Index

Baudelaire, 15 Bazan, Aurrnando, 148 Belmonte, 18 Benda, Julien, 150,228 Benites, Justa, 2, 5 Bergamin, Jose, 260, 261; and

Defence of Culture activity, 227, 228; and Trilce, 111, 138-9, 154; influence of, on Vallejo, 229, 236, 239-40

Bergson, 93, 205 Blake, 62 Bloch, Jean-Richard, 226, 256 Bly, Robert, 261 Body, the: and house, relation of,

58, 64, 66-77, 143; and language, 197-204; as living text, viii, ix, 10, 32, 57-79, 137; dead, and surviving text, 234-6; epicentre of, 193; holy scripture of, 77-8; of a girl, 44; synecdoche for, 109

Boelrrne,Jacob,231 Bohemianism, 11-16,21 Bolshevik, the, 165, 166-7; Val-

lejo on, 151, (poems on) 165-73

Bolshevik: art, 153, 155-6; militant, the, 151, 153; Revolution, 20-1

Bolshevism, 150 Borges, 197 Bourgeois: class conditions, 150;

ideology, 147; writers, 146, 224-5

B6veda, Xavier, 131 Brecht, Bertolt, ix, 226 Bremond, the Abbe, 139 Breton, Andre, 143,225,226 Brotherston, Gordon, 261 Bruns, Gerald L., 263 Burke, Kenneth, 113

Caballero, Angeles, 261 Caballero, Largo, 227 Cabbala, the, 133 Cabrera, Estrada, 25 Capitalism: and alienation, 178-

83; and Christian ideology, 5, 157-8; crisis of, 187; individualism and, 159-60, 170, 178,182-7

Capitalist society, 167, 179 Carlyle, 44 Casson, Jean, 256 Cendrars, 16 Cernuda, Luis, 227 Cerro, Sanchez, 224 Cervantes, 240 Chamson, Andre, 228 Chaplin, 158, 192 Child, children, 9, 63-6, 68-9,

74-6,103-7 Christ: a sinning, 35, 46; and

Peter, 68, 86, 103; artist as, 17-18; as social reformer, 157; Haeckel on, 10; Passion of, 35; plurality of, 33, 35, 85; Resurrection of, 44

Christian: behaviour, 47; emphasis on salvation, 51; faith (abandonment of) vii, 34, 48, 54-5,217, (in conflict with science) 9-11, (logocentrism implicit in) 57, (nostalgia for) 58, (paradox in) 194-5; humility, 253; ideology (a dead letter) 27, 28, (and capitalism) 5, 157-8; notion (of resurrection) 86, (of sin) 45; view (of Fall) 198, (of man) 10,81

Christianity: and language, 30, 33,51-2,55,137; and Marxism, 165-6; moral force of, 71, 157; subliminal, 255; without humility, 253

Church, 3 Cinema, 152, 158 Clarte movement, 140 Claudel,15 Cocteau, 139 Coleridge, 86, 100 Colacho Hermanos, 22,158 ColI, Antonio, 230, 231, 240 Collar, Ramon, 238






Index 287

Communism, 150, 167,224-5 Communist party: and literary

activity, 232; anti-Fascist activity of, 224-6, 229; French, 224; Peruvian, and Socialist Party, 148-9; Vallejo'S membership of, ix, 139, 150, 154, 159,224,256

Conceptualization, 11; and consciousness, 176; and experience, 145; and feeling, 33; and labour, 173; distrust of, 205; limit of, 177

Consciousness, 33; and capitalism, 179-80, 187; and conceptualization, 176; and'malicia', 162-3; and religion, 157; and the body, 187-91, 198,215; 'babble' of, 78, 207; beginning of, 3,64, 68, 74-6,145,238; Bolshevik, 166; child's, 64-6, 74-6; class- 158, 181; divided, 34; false, vii, 57, 76, 121-7; human, 84, 86, 101; individual(istic), 69, 73, II6, 167, 179, 208, 212; language and, 3, 45, 83, 137, 180-1; ofT, 106, 163; of non-essentiality, 49; of organic man, 168, 170-8, 180-1; personification and, 100, 102; poet's, 42; proletarian, 160; rejection of, 53; self-, 162, 163, 205; spatial configurations of, 58

Cooper, Fenimore, 15 CorbU~re, 15 Coyne, Andre, 261 Cuadro, Zoila Rosa, 12 Culture, International Congress of

Writers in Defence of, 223, 228-30,231

Dada, Dadaists, 16, 141 D'Annunzio,21 Dario, Ruben, 8, 14,29,92 Darwinism, 47 De Berceo, Gonzalo, 15 De Dios Pieza, Juan, 7

De la Torre, Macedonio, 7 Del Riego, Juan Parra, 12 Derrida, Jacques, 263 Descartes, 187,205 Dickens, 15 Diego, Gerardo, 141, 154 Diego Rivera, 144, 150 Diez-Canedo, Enrique, 15 Dorn, Ed, 261 Dostoievsky, 15 Duhamel, Georges, 15 Dullin, Charles, 158 Dumont, Santos, 132 Duncan, Isadora, 141

E~a de Queiroz, 12 Eguren, Jose Maria, 13, 19 Ehrenburg, IIya, 226, 228 Eisenstein, 158, 169 ltlitism, 139; see also Aristocracy ltIuard,225 Emerson, II Escalas melografiadas, 25, 143 Escobar, Alberto, 262 Eshleman, Clayton, 261 Espana, aparta de mi este caliz,

vii, 257, 258; and Bergamin, 229,239; battlefront poems in, 227-8; Christian symbolism in, 233; message of, 233-9; on volunteers, 239-45; on war victims, 245-9; Utopian vision in, 242, 243-4

Espinoza, Antenor Orrego, 260, 261, 262; and Bohemians, II, 12-13; friendship with Vallejo, 23, 147; on Trilce, 24-5; on Vallejo's early poems, 15

Espronceda,Jose,7 Evolution, evolutionary theory,

57,59, 79; see also Haeckel

FabIa salvaje, 25-6, 143 Falc6n, Cesar, 20 Fascism, 223, 254; intellectuals

against, 224-6 Favorables-Paris-Poema, 139,

141, 161, 162






288 Index

Ferrari, Americo, 259, 260, 262 Feuerbach, 83; Marx and, 162,

163; views of, 38, 190 Flores, Angel, 261, 263 Formalists,91,151 Forster, E. M., 226 FortUn, Fernando, 15 Fouillee,7 Frank, Waldo, 226 Fratellini family, 141 Freud,63 Freudian slip, the, 90, 115, 12~

31,137 Freyre, Ricardo Jaimes, 8, 29 Futurism, Futurists, 1, 16, 131,

151

Gallegos, R6mulo, 9 Galvez, Julio, 138, 227 Garrido, Jose Eulogio, 11 Gautier, 15 Gerard,9 Gibbons, Reginald, x Gibson, Percy, 23 Gide, Andre, 225 Gildemeister family, 5-6, 11 Giraudoux, 150 Given, the, 32; geography of,

107-9; significance of word, 42; structures, 55

God: a hating, 31-2; and Prometheus myth, 98; and rhythm principle, 94; and time, 40, 69; as imperfect, 37-42; contrasted with 'Helpide', 84-5; death of, 28-9,51,82,87,108;demand for, 81; existence of, 89; language of, 200-1, 209; myth of, 165; notion of, 27, 35, 41; outside human universe, 68, 69; replaced by female principle, 55-6; separated from Christ, 157; Vallejo's final reference to, 255

Gold, Michael, 226 Golden Age, 194, 198 Gonzalez Prada, Manuel, 5, 85;

and Vallejo, 19-20, 83, 109;

on poetry, 7-8; themes of, 33, 48,52,70

Gorky,6 Goya, 186,240 Gris,Juan, 139, 141,150 Guillen, Nicolas, 228, 256 Gumplowitz, 9 Gurrionero, Natividad, 2

Hacia el reino de los Sciris, 147-8 Haeckel, Ernst: evolutionary

theory of, 9-11, 108, 137; Vallejo influenced by, viii, 9-11,33,72,105

Haya de la Torre, Victor RaUl, 132; and Marilitegui, 147; and Trujillo Bohemians, 14, 15, 16; political activity of, 17,20,21, 140,148

Hegel, 100, 135 Heidegger, 87 'H6Ipide', and Christian God,

84-5 Heraldos Negros, Los, vii, 13, 18,

21, 117, 138; a history of species, 57-78; a search for source of alienation, 32-56; and sacred language, 28-30; and traditional values, 40; grouping of poems in, 27-8; irony an element in, 27, 28, 49, 52,62,70; themes, (Christ) 33, 35-6, 46, (Christian behaviour) 47-54, (Christian Logos) 27, 4~7, 51, 55, 85, (desacralization) 54-5, (despair) 31-3, (evil) 31,40, (family, childhood) 58-66, 74-6, (female principle) 55-6, (futility, of individual) 52-3, (God) 28,37-42,51-2, (house/body homology) 6~ 77, (imperial nostalgia) 54-5, (individual/life force) 47-53, (journeys) 6~8, (love) 27, 35,58 (brotherly) 49-51 (forbidden) 45-6 (physical) 4~7 (Platonic) 46 (pure) 42-4,46






Index 289

Heraldos Negros, Los (cont.) (religion of) 44-5 (sacred/ profane) 30, 43-4, (seasonal change) 39-40, (stagnation) 32, (suffering and guilt) 31-3, 47-8,50,53

Herrera y Reissig, Julio, 15,36-7, 54

Herreras, I.arco, ~ Higgins, James, 260, 262 Hita, Arcipreste de, 15 Hobbes, 179 Holderlin, 27 Holy Ghost, the, 84-5 Horkheimer, Max, viii, 187, 205,

207 Hugo, 21, 33, 196 Huidobro, Vicente, 16, 139, 141,

228 Humanism, vii, 150 Husser!,91 Huxley, Aldous, 226

'1', the: and consciousness, 106; and suffering, 186; and the body, 136; and willing/acting, 96-8; as 'function', 81; as symbol, 252-3; poetic and personal, 163-5, 252-3; sovereignty of, viii

Icaza, Jorge, 228 Imafia, Oscar, 18 Individual, the, vii, 31; and capi

talism, 159-60, 167; and language, 121-6,204,239; and life force, 47,58,66; as 'book of nature', 57; Christian view of, 10; contingency of, 48-9; exasperation with, 139; heroism of, 230-1; in creation, 98,117-21; in dehumanized world, 192; journeys of, in time, 66-77,82, 107, 111-16, 176, 190-1,206; physical existence of, 198,218-19; pride of, 12~, 13~; relation of, to species, 51, 69, 72-8, 95-6, 103-7,120,191,202-3,212;

unimportance of, 79-83, 199 Individualism: a surplus product,

51,137,165,222; and collective spirit, 248-9; bourgeois, 156; capitalist, 159-60, 178, 179,182-7; inadequacy of, 103-7,153; language and, 83, 159-60, 238; original sin of, 226; pride in, 136

Individuation: aftermath of, 190; and consciousness, 102; and 'sovereign illusion', 79, 81-3; beginning of, 66, 75-8; original sin of, 56, 81; pains of, 64; rebellion against, 58; source of, 73

Intertextuality, 183 Istrati, Panai, 155

Jacob,16 Jammes,15 Jews, 13, 14

Kant, 81 Keats, 255 Kierkegaard, 15 Korriscosso, 12, 23 Krishnamurti,141 Kropotkin, 6

I.abour: division of, 191; movement, 20-1; translated into poetry, 166-77

I.aforgue, 15, 79 I.arrea, Juan, 139, 150, 223, 255,

257,262 I.anguage: ambivalence of, 29-

30; and bodily experience, 197-204; and consciousness, 45,57,83; and evolutionism, 10-11; and historical development, 204; and self-delusion, 117; and uncertainty prinCiple, 32; authentic, 79; children's, 64-5; colloqUial, 34-5, 121, 122-4, 127, 196,209;denes individual expression, 204; demystification of, 57-8, 71-2,






290 Index

Language (continued) 77-8,83-6, 174-8; derived from death, 19$-200; functional, 209-11; given and spoken, 121-31,203,219; grandeur of, restored, 233-40; instability of, 30, 57,86,116, 122-6, 186; material-poetic, 170-8; of numbers, 133-7; of social struggle, 159-60; power of, 3-4; re-evaluation of, 35-42; relation of, to individualism, 83, 120-1; relativity of, 55-6; 'roughened', 91, 96-8, 111-16, 118; scientific, 9-10, 131-7, 207; taboos in, 28-9; treachery of, 56; 'truly communicating', 193; written, as opposed to spoken, viii-x, 159, 191,202-5, 209-18,239; see also Heraldos Negros, Poemas Humanos, Trike, etc.

Larrea, Juan, 139, 150, 223, 255, 257,262

Lawrence, D. H., 76 LeBon, 7 Leguia, General: and Patria

Nueva, 20-1; and Sacred Heart of Jesus, 21, 28, 76; regime of, 22,25,149

Lenin, 6, 145, 149 Leninism, 148, 151 Leon, Maria Teresa, 228 Linear principle of life, 87, 91,

106; and individual existence, 52-4,89,103-4,107; speciesman and, 112-13, 120

Literacy, viii, 3-4 Literature: a metalanguage, 205,

211; Surrealist view of, 140; socialist, and capitalist, 159-60

Logocentrism, 51,52,57,143, 159

Logos: and words, 35-42, 200-11; desire for a, 71, 129,200; loss or abandonment of Christian, vii,27,35,40,53,68,209, 215, 242; new kinds of, 83,

137,155,233,242; replacement of, 47, 62-3, 211, 222; traces left by, 199-200

Lorca, Garcia, 154, 159, 187,227, 231

Machado, Antonio, 227, 228 Maeterlinck, 11, 15 Malicia, 162, 163 Mallarme, 15, 16,42,81,93,262 Makaux, Andre, 228, 256 Mancisidor, Jose, 228 Mann, Heinrich, 226 Marcos, Juan, 246 Mariategui, Jose Carlos, 261; and

Amauta, 139, 148; and C!arte movement, 140; and Haya de la Torre, 147; and Vallejo, 33, 177; on bourgeoisie, 141-2; political activity of, 17,20,21, 148

Marin, Astrana, 138 Marinello, Juan, 228 Marti, Jose, 7, 31 Marx, viii, 127, 151, 162, 163,

195 Marxism, 146-7, 148-9, 150,

153-6, 165, 171 Marxist theory, and poetic prac-

tice,165-78 Marxist-Leninist theory, 154 Materialism, 8, 9 Mayakovsky, 152, 155 Miners, poem on, 168-71 Mines, mining, 2, 4-5 Mistral, Gabriela, 9, 147 Modernism, 6-9, 29 Modernist: aesthetic, 91-2;

rhetOric, 96; tradition, Vallejo and, 24, 28-30, 34,43,57, 91-2; vocabulary, 34-42

Modernists, 8, 11, 25, 29, 36, 54 MoncIoa, Francisco, 259 Monge, Garcia, 227 Monism, 9-11, 117 MontherIant, 139 Morand, 139, 150 More, Ernesto, 261






Index 291

More, Gonzalo, 255, 256, 257 Moses, 18 Miiller, Max, 9, 11, 30, 33, 83 Monguio, Luis, 261 Mother, the, 58-59, 66, 69-70,

73-4, 78 M undial, Vallejo's contributions

to, 138,140-1,154,162 Music, Vallejo on, 141

Nature: and culture, 57-78; and language, viii, 161-91; and new man, 234-6; elements of, and man, 173-8; Haeckelon, 11; numbers and, 133-7; relationship of, with man, 184-91

Neo-Platonic ideas, 45, 198 Neo-Pythagoreanism,17 Neruda, Pablo, viii, 24, 252; and

Defence of Culture, 228, 230; and Marxism, 77; and public readings, 191,204,209; and Spanish Civil War, 225, 227, 233, 235; compared with Vallejo, 239

Nerval,15 Newton, 205 Nietzsche, 36, 82, 127 N izan, Paul, 226 Nuestra Espana, 227 Numerical symbolism, 103, 106,

132-7,185-6

Odena, Lina, 231, 240 Ong, Walter J., viii, 263 Ortega, Julio, 263 Orwell,192 Oviedo, Jose Miguel, x, 260

Paco Yunque, 154, 158 Paiva, Juan Jacinto, 148 Palacios, Alfredo, 20 Paoli, Roberto, 262 Pardo, Jose, 16 Pasternak, Boris, 226 Paz, Octavio, 87,116 Pellicer, Carlos, 228

Peret, Benjamin, 225 Personality cult, vii, 224, 225,

253-4 'Peru, Cesar', 24 Peruvian Indians, plight of, 54-5 Peter, denying Christ, 68, 86,103 Phillipart, Georgette, 138; see

also Vallejo Picasso, 139, 141, 150 Pirandello, 139 Plato, 115 Platonic: Absolute, the, 40;

ascent, 40, 89-90; hierarchy, 176; notion of aesthetics, 91; separation, 100; use of adjective,46

Platonism, 42-7 Plotinus, 45 Poemas Humanos, 151, 153, 178;

apocalyptic vision in, 183-91; Biblical allusion in, 202-3, 253; grouping of, 161, 165; language of, 195-211; natural history of, 9-11; paradox central to, 194-200; posthumously published, vii, ix, 156, 157; Utopian vision in, 153, 160; themes, (birth) 192-3,198, (body, the, and consciousness) 187-91,197-9, (death) 192-3, 195-200, 205-6, 218-22 (and triviality) 192-3,194,196,207,211,213, 215, (existence, repetitiousness of) 203-4, 207, 209, 211, 212, (individual, loneliness of the) 192-3,199,206,221-2, (Logos, and words) 200-11, (negation symbols) 220-2, (silent animal, the) 95, 207, 216-18,237, (social misery) 204-5, (species/individual relation) 64,202-3,212, (suHering) 184-7, (time) 197, 198,204,206

Poet, the: and society, 6, 15; and the act of writing, 202-4; and the body, 193; and the image of God, 39; as demon, 27,






292 Index

Poet (continued) 30-5; as hero, 7; as prophet, vii, 8, 26, 168, 233-4; -creator, 117; Emersonian description of, 24; Orphic role of, 32; political role of, 18-19; romantic view of, 1; traditional role of, vii

Poetics, characteristics of Val-1ejo's: alliteration, 169; ambiguity, 122-3; analogy, (and irony) 116, (body/instrument) 95, (divine/physical) 97, (geological) 119, (God/ female principle) 55, (religious) 28, 43-4, (sacrifice/ text) 236-9, (traditional systems of) 30,35-42,56,57, 87, (unconventional) 29, (visible/invisible world) 91, 92-3,98; anaphora, 120,218; antanaclasis, 218; anthropomorphism, 82; auxesis, 218; catachresis, 92, 93; ellipsis, 76-7; euphemism, 76-7; invention (s ), 122, (Freudian slip) 126-31,137, (in verse forms) 29, (lexical and syntactic) 96, 120-2,125,130-1,237, (neologisms) 125,169,247, (orthographic) 82,83,96, (typographical) 82,96,130; irony, 199,244, (and analogy) 116, (and language) 64, 122, (centralto Trilce) 117,119, 127,137, (central to Vallejo's poetics) 77,109, (elimination of) 233,242, (in Heraldos Negros) 27,28,49,52,62,70, (in Poemas Humanos) 201; metaphor, (based on analogy) 93-5, 98, (of female body) 44, (of female principle) 55, (geological) 130, (in prose poems) 142, (Nietzsche on) 82, (ofaccount book) 213, (of journeys) 30, (of text) 236-7, (Richards on) 86, (spatial) 77,

(systems of) 112-13, (traditional) 82,83,194, (unconventional) 28,29; metonymy, 178,182, (a 'privileged figure') 58, (basic strategy of) 113-14, (Nietzsche on) 82, (species/ nature) 176; onomatopoeia, 131-2; oxymoron, 98, 242; paradox, 43, 130, 179, (central to Poemas Humanos) 194, (central to TrUce) 98,197, (indicating synthesis) 242, (of language) 45,86,97,121, (restatement of) 194-200; parody,27,77,87,144,196, (and Modernism) 43, (of Annunciation) 84, (of Beatitudes) 201,243, (of God) 38, (of poem of Samain) 109, (of Prometheus) 97-8, (of prophetic tone) 200; paronomasia, 77,169,198, (and triviality) 241, (and treachery of language) 56, (creates new associations) 127-31,219, (destroys Iogocentrism) 57,71; pathetic fallacy, 177-8; punning,puns,198,247, (a feature of Trilce) 83,169-70, (an estrangement technique) 127-31, (and reality principle) 117,119, (and subliminal equivalence) 124, 125, 185, (and treachery of language) 56, (destroy (s) logocentrism) 57, (of disparate belief) 30, (translation difficulties in) x, 260-1; simile, 82; solipsis, 109, 213; synecdoche, 178, 182, (central to Vallejo's poetics) viii, 58, 242, (characteristic of Poemas Humanos) 193, (for human body) 109, (for man) 84,167, (species/nature) 176, (systems of) 113

Poetry: and anachronism, 1; and 'aristocracy of best', 8, 18-19; and experience, 28; and labour,






Index 293

Poetry (continued) 166-77; and language, see Language; and 'malicia', 163-5; and politics, ix, 166-77; demystification of, 86-93, 142; inadequacy of, 254-5; in opposition to society, 6; not from ideas, 155, 162; prose, 142-4; pseudo-new, 139-40; public, 8, 24; pure, 139; readings of, 191, 204,209,227; Vallejo's, introduced, vii-x; views on, in Paris of 1920s, 139-41

Ponce, Anibal, 227 Prados, Emilio, 227 Print, printing, viii-ix, 191; see

also Language Prokofiev, 150 Proust, 150 Puccinelli, Elsa Villanueva de,

261 Puccinelli, Jorge, 259 Pythagoreanism, 17, 102,133

Quevedo, 7,240, 262

Ravines, Eudocio, 148,224 Reform Movement, University,

20,21 Renan,157 Repertorio Americano, Vallejo'S

contribution to, 228 Retamar, Roberto Fernandez, 260 Reverdy, Pierre, 141 Revolution: art and, 138-60;

artistic and thematic, 150 Revolutionary Artists and Writers,

Association of, 224-5 Reyes, Alfonso, 142 Rhythm: Freyre on, 29; Valdelo-

mar's theory of, 18,36,40,94 Richards, 1. A., 86 Rimbaud, 15 Rod6, Jose Enrique, 8, 11 Roggiano, Alfredo A., 261 Rojas, Pedro, 237-8 Rolland, Romain, 15, 140,145,

225

'Rom a' estate, 4-6, 22 Romains, Jules, 15 Romancero General de la Guerra

de Espana, 231-2 Romantic: alienation, 27-56,103,

117; defiance of tradition, 27; dualism, 43; exaltation of self, 79; genius, 19; idea of transmutation, 87; ideal, 12, 107; 'natural supernaturalism', 30; over-extension of language, 27, 35-42; poetry, 7; terror, 62

Romanticism: a counter-ideology to Christianity, 27; European, 33; structures of, 79; Vallejo'S dissertation on, 7, 31, 42, 45; Vallejo's progress beyond, 15-16

Rousseau, 81, 103, 185, 205 Rusia ante el plan quinquenal,

151, 152, 154, 169 Rusia en 1931, 150-1, 152, 154,

169,178,223

Sacco, and Vanzetti, 147 St. Francis, 18 St. Gabriel, 84-6 St. Ignatius, 190 St. Teresa, 240 Salomon, Noel, 263 Samain, 15, 109-10 Sanchez, Luis Alberto, 16, 161-2,

255,259 Sandoval, Maria Rosa, 12 Santa Maria, Carlos, 22-3, 24 Santos Chocano, Jose, 8, 25, 79 Satie, Eric, 139, 141 Saussure, Fernand de, 121 Schneider, Luis Mario, 259 Schopenhauer: onGod,37-8;on

the individual, 47, 103, 114; Vallejo and, 33, 45, 221

Scientific: knowledge, 77-8; lan-guage,10,11,132-3;poems,9

Second World War, 225 Sender, Ramon, 228 Sewell, Elizabeth, 86 Shakespeare, 15, 202






294 Index

Shelley, 1,31 Silent: animal, and civilization,

216-18; body, viii, ix; history, 57; work of species, 57, 137

Silence, and non-being, 117, 119, 123

Silva, Asunci6n, 14 Silva, Eduardo Neale, 262 Siqueiros, David AHonso, 227 Smiles, Samuel, 5, 156 Smith, David, 261 'Social poems', of 1920s, 161-83,

193; alienation epitomized in, 178-83; apocalyptic vision of, 184-91; illustrate preoccupation with act of writing, 162, 164; themes, ('1') 163-5, (man in Nature) 173-8, (seHconsciousness, creation of) 162-3, (Utopia/Apocalypse alternation) 165

Socialism, vii, ix, 145-50 Socialist: art, new, 155-6, 158;

realism,ix,151,156-8,174 Sommers, Joseph, x Sotelo, Calvo, 227 Spain: and the poets, 226-33; as

text, 233-9; poems on, Vallejo'S, 167, 168, 192,224,232

Spanish Civil War, ix, 155, 192, 202, 223, 225, 227; ValIejo on, 230-1; see also Espana, aparta di ms este caliz, Romancero General de la Guerra de Espana

Species, the: history of, in human body, 57-78; relation of, to individual, (in apocalyptic poems) 191, (in Poemas Humanos) 64,202-3,212, (in Trilce) 51, 69, 72-8, 95-6, 103-7,112-16,119-20,221; 'silent mouth' of, viii, 78

Speech: act of, 211-16; and writing, 218, 219, see also Language, written as opposed to spoken; great, restoration of,241

Spelucin, Alcides, 11

Spende~228,230,233 Spinoza,81 Spitzer, 257 Stalin, 149 Stravinsky, 150 Surrealism, Surrealists: and anti

Fascism, 224-5; and bourgeois artists, 150; commitment of, 140; emotion of, 144; language of, 117; prose poems of, 142; Vallejo on, 155

Symbolism, Symbolists, 16, 19, 30,36,37,57

Symons, Arthur, 36

Taine, 7,9 Taro, Gerda, 229 Theatre, Vallejo's experiments in,

ix,154-5, 156, 158-9, 160 Thorez, Maurice, 224, 225-6 Time: and death, 62, 98-100,

103, 110-12,206; and his-torical development, 204; and human life-span, 61-3, 65, 68, 107, 120, 198; and seasonal change, 39-40; and space, 40, 126, 130; and the individual, 52,103, 197; contradictory adverbs of, 121-2; God and, 40, 69; -mechanism, 102, 131

Tolstoy, Alexei, 226 Trilce, vii, 16, 21, 23, 24, 138,

162, 186; editions of, 24, 25, 76,139; irony central to, 117, 119, 127, 137; originates in Romantic/evolutionist contradiction, 79-80; themes, (changed status of man) 10-11,79, (child/childhood) 3, 64, 74-6, 103-4, (death and time) 98-100, 103, 110-12, (defamiliarization of symbols) 93-8, (demystification of creation) 77, 118-20, (demystification of poetry) 86-93, (exposure of myth, poetic or religious,) 55,83-6,87-93, 233, (geography of the given)






Index

Trilce (continued) 107-9,117, (God) 38,84-6, (house/body metamorphosis) 66,69, (inadequacy of self) 79-83, (individual! nature relationship) 57,109-12, (language of truth) 79,82-6, (mother, the) 66,73, 103, (nature/culture confrontation) 107-16, (poet-creator/ creation relationship) 117-31,165, (prisonhouse) 98-107, (,seismological upheaval') lO-11,80-1, 111, (sex, sexual terminology) 43,76-7,90,91, 113-15,124-6,128,130,131, 197, (specieS/individual confrontation) 51, 103-7, 112-16, 199,221

Trivial, the, 33, 35; and death, see Poemas Humanos; and words,207,211,213,215

Trotsky, 6, 149, 155 Trotskyism, 257 Tungsteno, El, 139, 154, 223;

based on personal experience, 4,5,6,22,156-8

Tzara, Tristan, 16,141,228,256

Unamuno,11 Urrutia, Leopoldo, 232 Utopia, ix, 160, 239-45 Utopian viewpoint, 153, 171,

193,225

Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, 224, 256 Valdelomar, Abraham: and

Heraldos Negros, Los, 18, 19, 21; and political role of artists, 18-19; and rhythm theory, 18, 36,40,94

Valery, 16, 139, 150 V alle-Inclan, 44 Vallejo, Cesar: a destroyer of

hierarchies, vii-viii, 36, 40-2, 55,80; anachronism and, 1,7, 16; and Apra movement, 147, 148; and avant-garde, 139,

295

140; and Christian faith, vii, 3, 5,9, 10-11,27,255, see also Christian faith, Christianity; and Communism, ix, 139, 147, 150,224,256-7; and Defence of Culture Congress, 228-30; and evolutionary theory, viii, 9-11, 79; and labour, 166-77; and language, see Language; and notion of individual, vii, see also Individual; and personality cult, vii, 224, 253-4; and revolution, 26, 146, 149-50, 153-6; and rhythm theory, 18, 29, 40; and social justice, 147; and socialism, vii, 145-6, 148, 150-2, (on socialist art) 155-60, ('social poems') 161-91; and Spanish Civil War, ix, 155, 192,227,230-1, see also Spain, poems on; and theatrical experiments, ix, 154-5, 156, 158-9, 160; and University Reform Movement, 20, 21; and vitalism, 144; as poete maudit, vii; as poet-martyr, 14; as symbol of all-men, 252-5; crisis of conscience of, 139, 144-50, 161; death of, vii, ix, 255-6, (obsession with idea of) 250-2; early poems of, 8-9, 17,21,24; editor of Colonida, 17; employment of, in mines and sugar estate, 4-6, 27; expelled from France, 138, 150, 154; family of, 2-3, 21-2, 59-62; founds FavorablesParis-Poema, 139, 141, 161, 162; in Huamacho, 4, 22, 23; in Lima, 4, 16-22, 24-6; in Paris, 138-46, 161; in Santiago de Chuco, viii, 2-4, 6, 22; in Spain, 154,227; in Trujillo, 4, 6-9, 11-16, 24, 138; invented personality of, 252-3; leaves Peru, 26; legend of, 257-8; marriage of, 158; materialist poems of, 156; on creativity,






296 Index

Vallejo, Cesar (continued) 145; on Latin American culture, 147-8; on Marxism, 146-7,148-9,150,153-6; pessimism of, 33-4; poetics of, see Poetics; political articles of, 140-1, 149-50; prose poems of, 142-3; scientific poems of, 9; social and literary reactions to, x, 13-14, 20, 21, 23-4, 25; transla-tions of works, x, 261-2; visits of, to Russia, ix, 138, 146, 150-3; war, attitude to, 141, 144,222,223, see also Spain, Spanish Civil War; see also Espana, aparta de m£ este ctiliz, HeraldoslNegros, Poemas Humanos, Rusia ante el plan qUinquenal, Rusia en 1931, 'Social poems', Trilce, Tungsteno, El, etc.

Vallejo, Georgette de, x, 150, 255-6, 259, 260, 261; see also Phillipart, Georgette

Vallejo, Manuel, 4, 13,21,22

Vallejo, Miguel, 22, 63~ 64, 65 Vallejo, Nestor, 4, 22 Vallejo, Victor, 4 Vanzetti, 147 Variedades, Vallejo's contribu

tions to, 13, 138, 140-1, 149, 154

Vasconcelos, 18 Verlaine, 11, 15 Vildrac, Charles, 15 Villanueva, P. L., 260, 262 Villaplana, Antonio Ruiz, 256 Vitalism, 144 Voltaire, 205, 217

Whitman, 11,24,254 Woolf, Virginia, 226 Word, 3-4, 27, 159; see also Lan

guage, Logos Writing, act of, 57, 160, 162,

202-3; see also Language

Yurkievich, Saul, 263

Zaldumbide, Gonzalo, 79-80 Zilio, Giovanni, 262






Documents

INDEX [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805211/57810/index/9780521157810... · 2015-03-19 · INDEX Abril, Pablo, 145 Abril, Xavier, 262 Acuna, Manuel, 7 Adorno, Theodore