Index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97811071/14197/index/9781107114197_index.pdf · Aceros Bragado, 98–99 n.9 , 247 Acevedo ... 374 Index Alliance for Progress,

373

Index

Abaclat, Matilde, 360 , 361 Abril, publishing house, 316 , 345 Acción Católica Argentina, 329 , 333 Aceralia, 180 Aceros Bragado, 98–99 n.9 , 247 Acevedo, Arturo, 79 , 177 , 180 , 184 accomplice

economic power as, 52 , 104 , 194 – 199 , 216 , 235ss , 241 – 243 , 246 n. 9 , 248 , 250 , 251 , 258 , 303 , 335

in the kidnapping and torturing of workers and trade union members, 11 , 39 – 40 , 160 – 163 , 160 n. 2 , 166 – 169 , 170 – 171 , 174 – 175 , 177 , 181 – 182 , 184 , 186 – 187 , 191 – 192 , 195 , 208 , 220 , 308 – 309

state and company, fi gure of, 4 , 189 , 194 accountability

for complicity, theory of, 120 for fi nancial complicity, 105 – 106 , 114 – 116 , 120ss legal, 10 , 120 – 130 of companies or businesses, 10 , 29 – 44 ,

59 – 60 , 121 of the banks, 114 – 116

Achával, Alejandro de, 240 Acindar, group, 11 , 79 , 82 , 98 n. 9 , 161 , 174 , 175 ,

176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 214 , 218 n. 3 , 237 , 239 , 240 , 246 n. 9 , 249 n. 11 , 279 , 284 , 285 , 356

Act of Chapultepec (1945), 64 Afro-Americans, descendants of enslaved during

the Civil War, 150 AGBAR (Spain), 360 Agosti, Orlando R., 326 n. 17 , 346 Agricultural Business Chambers, complicity of,

12 , 253 – 265 , 357 Agricultural Inter-Cooperative Confederation

Limited (Confederación Intercooperativa

Agropecuaria Limitada, CONINAGRO), 17 , 253 , 262 – 263

Argentine Agrarian Federation (Federación Agraria Argentina, FAA), 253 , 255 , 257 , 258 , 260 , 263 – 264

Argentine Rural Confederations (Confederaciones Rurales Argentinas, CRA), 217 n. 2 , 253 – 255 , 262 – 263

Argentine Rural Society (Sociedad Rural Argentina, SRA), 217 n. 2 , 218 n. 3 , 253 – 256 , 259 – 265

Confederation of Rural Associations of Buenos Aires and La Pampa (Confederación de Asociaciones Rurales de Buenos Aires y La Pampa, CARBAP), 254 – 257

Aguado, Jorge, 255 , 256 , 260 Aguas Argentinas Suez and Vivendi (France), 360 Aguas de Bilbao, 361 Aguas Provinciales de Santa Fe, 360 Aguirre Obarrio, Eduardo, 360 Ahorroplan SA, 287 Alcalis de la Patagonia, 98 n. 9 Alemann, Juan, 86 n. 24 , 271 , 317 Alemann, Roberto, 51 , 264 Alemanni, Giovanni, 361 Alfaro Vasco, Luis, 195 Alfonsín, Raúl R., 181 , 315 Algeria

Algerian War, French experience in the (1954–1962), 81

“Counterrevolutionary War Doctrine”, 66 Algoma, 180 Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA), 3 , 31 n. 6 , 134 – 135 ,

148 , 165 . See also Alien Tort Statute (ATS) Alien Tort Statute (ATS), 27 n. 24 , 33 Allende, Salvador, 67 , 343

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-1-107-11419-7 - The Economic Accomplices to the Argentine Dictatorship: Outstanding DebtsEdited by Horacio Verbitsky and Juan Pablo BohoslavskyIndexMore information

http://www.cambridge.org/9781107114197

http://www.cambridge.org


Index374

Alliance for Progress, 20 , 65 , 80 Alpargatas SA, 98 n. 9 , 246 , 247 , 283 Alpe SA, 280 n. 10 Alpi, Giordano, 361 Alto Paraná, 98 n. 9 Altos Hornos Zapla, 176 Aluar, 98 n. 9 Amadeo, Mario, 334 Ámbito Financiero , 50 n. 7 , 57 , 60 American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR,

Pacto de San José de Costa Rica, 1984), 146 . See also Inter-American Commission on/of Human Rights (IACHR)

by recognizing the right of the victims to “fair compensation”, 152 , 354

Ammirati, Pasquale, 348 Analysis and Computing Bank (Banco de Análisis

y Computación, BAC), 259 Anchorena, Miguel de, 297 n. 18 Andino, Jorge, 177 Andreotti, Giulio, 347 Anesa company, 350 Ansaldo company, 350 Anselmi, Tina, 347 Anti-Imperialist Independent League

(Liga Independiente Antiimperialista, LIA), 195

Apartheid regime, 24 , 30 , 33 – 35 , 125 – 126 , 127 , 137 – 138 , 357

claims against companies that helped Apartheid regime, 137

Asamblea Plenaria de la Conferencia Episcopal Argentina (APCEA, Plenary Assembly of the Argentine Episcopal Conference), 326 – 327 , 327 n. 25 . See also Conferencia Episcopal Argentina (CEA)

Asamblea Permanente de Entidades Gremiales Empresarias (APEGE, Permanent Assembly of Business Associations), 181 , 217 – 218 , 218 n. 3

Aramburu, Juan Carlos, 331 , 335 Aramburu, Pedro Eugenio, 358 Arauz Castex, Manuel, 206 n. 7 Arbenz, Jacobo, 64 Arcelor, 180 Arcor, 82 , 246 , 247 Aredez, Luis, 195 Arenas, 210 Argenshow SA, 287 Argentina Televisora Color (ATC),

319 – 320

Argentina’s Central Bank (BCRA, Banco Central de la República Argentina), 15 , 57 – 58 , 79 , 79 n. 11 , 88 , 92 , 94 – 95 , 98 – 99 , 98 n. 10 , 101 , 102 , 177 , 204 , 262 , 264 , 272 – 274 , 277 n. 1 , 279 – 280 , 282 – 284 , 288 , 290 , 358

Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (Triple A), 204 , 207 , 342 , 343 , 345

Argentine Association of Advertising Agencies (Asociación Argentina de Agencias de Publicidad), 321

Argentine Business Council (Consejo Empresario Argentino, CEA), 181

Argentine Catholic Information Agency, (Agencia Informativa Católica Argentina, AICA), 325

Argentine Chamber of Commerce (Cámara Argentina de Comercio), 217 n. 2

Argentine Civil Code, 135 – 136 , 137 , 140 , 144 – 148 , 154 , 337 , 369

Argentine Commerce Association (Unión Comercial Argentina), 217 n. 2

Argentine Construction Chamber (Cámara Argentina de la Construcción), 217 n. 2

Argentine Criminal Code, 135 , 194 , 310 Argentine Episcopal Conference (Conferencia

Episcopal Argentina, CEA), 323 – 324 , 326 . See also Asamblea Plenaria de la Conferencia Episcopal Argentina (APCEA)

Argentine Federation of Bar Association (Federación Argentina de Colegios de Abogados, FACA), 355 – 356

Argentine Human Rights Commission (Comisión Argentina de Derechos Humanos, CADHU), 184 , 184 n. 12

Argentine Industrial Union (Unión Industrial Argentina, UIA), 251 n. 15

Argentine Institute for Economic Development (Instituto Argentino para el Desarrollo Económico, IADE), 219 n. 4

Argentine Socialist Party, 348 Argentines’s General Confederation of Labor

(CGTA, CGT de los Argentinos), 80 , 203 Argibay, Carmen, 363 Arias Gibert, Enrique, 148 Arlet, grupo, 180 Armenian genocide and prescription, 149 – 150 Arthur, Paige, 20

Asesoría Turística SRL, 287 Asset Recovery Trust SA, 362 assets of others, to loot the, 276 Association of Argentine Banks (Asociación de

Bancos Argentinos, ADEBA), 218 n. 3






Index 375

Association of Argentine News Bodies (Asociación de Entidades Periodísticas Argentinas, ADEPA), 307 , 318 , 320 – 321

Association of Lawyers for Justice and Concord (Asociación de Abogados por la Justicia y la Concordia), 334 , 358

Association of the Bar of the City of New York. See New York City Bar Association

Astilleros Alianza, 98 n. 9 , 247 Astilleros Astarsa, 11 , 16 , 218 n. 3 , 239 Astilleros Río Santiago, 11 Astiz, Alfredo, 319 Astra corporation, 86 , 86 n. 23 , 98 n. 9 , 240 , 247 Atanor, 247 ATC (Argentina Televisora Color), 319 , 320 Atlántida publishing house, 313 – 314 Atomic Energy of Canada Limited

(AECL), 349 Alien Tort Statute (ATS), 27 n. 24 , 33 , 34 ,

35 , 37 , 38 Atucha II, 97 Audiovisual Media Services Act (Law 26, 522),

314 – 315 Austral airline, 273 , 287 Autobuses Urbanos del Sur, 362 Automotive Tramway Union (Unión Tranviarios

Automotor, UTA), 203 Avellaneda, Andrés, 311 AWG (British company), 360 Azcuénaga Group, 53 , 277 , 278 , 278 n. 2 , 283 Azurix, 361

Bacqué, Jorge, 146 Bagley, 247 Bagó, 246 balance of payments ensued, crisis in the, 84 ,

87 – 88 , 91 – 92 , 241 , 246 , 254 , 258 balance of trade, 91 , 99 Bandung Conference, 63 Banks

Banco Ambrosiano group, 342 , 344 , 348 Banco Andino, 348 Banco Central de la República Argentina

(BCRA). See Central Bank of the Republic of Argentina

Banco Continental en la Argentina, 345 Banco de Hurlingham, 274 , 281 – 284 , 286 ,

286 n. 25 , 287 , 288 Banco de Intercambio Regional, 99 Banco de la Nación Argentina (BNA), 240 , 256 ,

287 , 290

Banco de Los Andes, 99 Banco Federal Argentino, 240 Banco Financiero Sudamericano (Bafi sud,

Uruguay), 345 Banco Galicia, 335 Banco Hipotecario, 190 Banco Internacional, 99 Banco Latinoamericano SA, 273 , 287 , 288 Banco Mundial, 27 n. 22 , 62 , 79 n. 10 , 88 , 351 ,

352 n. 1 Banco Oddone, 13 , 99 , 271 , 273 , 275 n. 18 Banco Provincia de Buenos Aires, 300 Banco Santander Río, 360 Bank of Montreal, 107 Bank of Nova Scotia, 362 Bank of Tokyo, 107 banking crash (1980), 58 – 59 , 95 , 98 – 100 , 273 ,

274 , 280 , 287 banks, four major private, 58 , 96 , 98 – 99 ,

273 – 274 , 275 n. 18 , 286 – 287 banks that fi nanced the dictatorship, 15 , 26 – 27 ,

41 – 42 , 44 , 70 , 82 , 87 – 88 , 95 – 96 , 98 n. 9 , 98 n. 10 , 104 , 107 – 109 , 113 , 115 – 116 , 126 , 137 , 148 – 149 , 218 n. 3 , 272 – 274 , 280 , 287 , 344 – 345 , 348 – 349 , 371

Bar Association of the City of Buenos Aires (Colegio de Abogados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, CACBA), 14 , 351 , 355 – 358 , 360 , 362 – 363

International Institutional Relations Commission of the CACBA, 362

basic rights, the loss of, 89 BC Group, 361 Beccar Varela’s fi rm, 362 Beccara, Giovanna, 360 Becker, Gary, 53 Belgo Mineira, 180 Bemberg group, 82 benefi ting from the government’s exchange

policy, 6 , 57 – 58 , 59 , 70 , 84 , 85 , 88 , 91 , 94 – 95 , 98 , 101 – 102 , 107 – 108 , 178 , 193 , 236 , 246 n. 9 , 251 n. 15 , 259 , 260 , 262 – 265 , 280 , 320

Benegas Lynch, Alberto, 53 , 264 Benjamin, Walter, 197 Bensouda, Fatou, 6 Bergman, Sergio, 358 Bergoglio, Jorge, 337 Berguier, Jorge E., 160 Berini, Carlos, 284 BGH, 247






Index376

Bianchi, Ángel Alberto Bartolomé, 362 bicicleta fi nancier (fi nancial bicycle).

See fi nancial speculation Bignone, Reynaldo, 86 n. 23 , 101 , 257 , 315 , 333 Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), 353 , 359 Blanco, Rubén M., 334 Blaquier, family, 11 Blaquier, Carlos Pedro, 171 , 186 , 187 , 190 , 191 , 192 ,

194 , 195 , 197 , 198 “blueprints”, and “conventions”, 44 , 49 Bogotá Conference (1948), 64 Bomchil, Máximo José, 361 Bomchil, Máximo Luis, 361 Bonafi de, 247 Bonamín, Victorio, 325 Bonelli Hnos., 178 Bonelli, Marcelo, 86 n. 23 Bosch, Mariana, 287 Bosisio, Walter, 277 Botana, Natalio, 334 Boulogne SA, 272 Bracht, grupo, 240 Brady Plan, 107 Brandan, Carlos Héctor, 192 Braun Cantilo, Rafael (“Raffy”), 334 , 335 Braun Lasala, Martín, 240 Braun Menéndez, grupo, 240 “Brazilian miracle”, 54 Brea, Teodosio César, 361 Bretton Woods Agreements (1944), 62 – 63 , 106 Bridas group, 82 , 86 , 86 n. 23 , 98 n. 9 , 246 , 247 British Gas Group, 361 British Military Tribunal, 139 Broadcasting Act (Decree-Law 22, 285), 13 ,

314 – 315 . See also Audiovisual Media Services Act

Brodsky, Lidia, 316 n. 19 Brons & Salas law fi rm, 362 Bruchou, Fernández Madero & Lombardi, 362 Brunella, Daniel, 240 Buen Aire SA, 363 Buenos Aires Bar Association (Asociación de

Abogados de Buenos Aires), 352 – 353 , 355 Buenos Aires Herald , 321 Buenos Aires stock market index (Merval)

and Due Obedience and Full Stop Acts, 371 n. 18

Bufano, Rubén, 286 n. 25 Bunge y Born, group. 82 , 247 Bunge, Diego, 362 Burson-Marsteller company, 312 , 340

Buselman SA, 287 “business complicity in human rights

abuses”, 121 business and businesspersons complicity, 2 , 3 , 6 ,

6 n. 22 , 16 , 38 , 138 , 281 , 365 businesspersons, kidnappings of, 2 , 13 , 154 , 286 ,

288 – 290 business sector, infl uence on the planning and

implementation of the “Process of National Reorganization”, 49 , 173 , 175 , 181 , 223 , 230 , 243 – 244 , 281

Cacciatore, Osvaldo, 335 Cáceres, Leandro Héctor, 362 Cadena Informativa, 321 Cadenas Madariaga, Mario A., 256 Cafi ero, Antonio, 206 n. 7 Caggiano, Antonio, 324 , 334 Calamai, Enrico, 345 Calvi, Roberto, 342 , 344 , 344 n. 10 . See also Banco

Ambrosiano group Cámara Argentina de la Construcción, 217 n. 2 Cambio Brasilia, 288 , 289 Cambios Baires, 280 Cambios Koldovsky, 280 n. 10 Cambios Norte, 280 n. 10 Camea, grupo, 240 Cámpora, Héctor, 342 Camps, Ramón, 161 , 299 , 300 , 327 Camuzzi Internacional, 361 Canale, 247 , 281 Canelo, Paula, 54 Canitrot, Adolfo, 236 n. 3 capital fl ight, 58 , 76 , 85 – 87 , 88 , 99 , 103 , 108 – 109 ,

236 , 353 Capón Filas, Rodolfo, 220 n. 10 Carabassa, Isidoro, 283 Cárdenas, Emilio F., 329 , 362 Carfi na Compañía Financiera, 287 Cargill, 334 Carter, Jimmy, 5 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 111 – 113 , 344 Casa Murillo, 272 Casa Piano, 280 n. 10 Casariego de Bel, Juan Carlos, 353 Cassagne, Ezequiel, 362 Cassagne, Juan Carlos, 362 Cassese, Antonio, 114 , 366 Castagno Monge, Hugo Miguel, 172 Castaño, Antonio, 308 Castro, Fidel, 65 Castro, Raúl, 328






Index 377

Catholic Church, and economic plan, 333 – 334 authorities, penal responsibility of, 336 – 337 civil responsibility of, 336 – 337 role of the, 14 , 323ss

Catholic University of Argentina, 334 – 335 Cattáneo, 16 “Causa 13” (the 1984 military junta

trial), 147 , 161 Cavallo, Domingo, 56 , 58 , 101 , 177 , 178 Cebrymsky case (2007), 41 , 148 Celulosa Argentina, 98 n. 9 , 237 , 247 , 281 censorship, 293 , 309 , 311 , 319 , 320 censorship institutionalized, 293 , 309 censorship regime, 309 Centeno, Norberto, 221 Center for Legal and Social Studies (Centro de

Estudios Legales y Sociales, CELS), 115 , 169 , 302 , 369 n. 11

Center for Macroeconomic Studies of Argentina (Centro de Estudios Macroeconómicos de Argentina, CEMA), 55 , 56 , 57

Center for Population, Employment, and Development Studies (Centro de Estudios de Población, Empleo y Desarrollo, CEPED), 230

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 341 n. 5 centralization and concentration of

capital, 26 , 64 , 176 , 178 , 180 , 235 , 241 , 242 – 250 , 257

Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones (CIADI), 354

Cerro Largo SA, 286 Chacras de Coria lands, 286 Chamber of Corporations (Cámara de

Sociedades Anónimas), 217 n. 3 Channel 7 . See Argentina Televisora Color (ATC) Channel 9 , 320 Channel 11 , 312 n. 8 Channel 13 , 272 , 320 chaos, 209 , 237 , 343 Charlin, Elisa Josefa, 160 n. 2 Chase Manhattan Bank N.A., 107 Chavanne, Juan Claudio, 283 Chavanne, Marcelo Augusto, 282 , 283 , 288 Chavanne-Grassi Group, 13 , 271 , 274 , 282 – 284 ,

286 , 288 , 290 Cía. Fabril Financiera, 98 n. 9 , 237 Ciccolo, Giovanni, 348 Citroën, 245 n. 8 Civita, César Augusto, 316 , 345

claims against Austrian, German, and French banks and companies, 149

Chávez, Hugo, 180 Chicago Boys, 56 – 57 Chile, 20 , 22 n. 11 , 34 , 36 , 48 , 52 n. 12 , 54 , 67 ,

104 n. 20 , 113 , 114 – 115 , 180 , 236 , 340 , 343 , 351 , 366

Chile, confl icts with, 111 Chilean dictatorship, 54 , 113 . See also Pinochet,

Augusto Christian Association of Business Leaders

(Asociación Cristiana de Dirigentes de Empresa, ACDE), 331 , 333 – 334

Clandestine News Agency (Agencia de Noticias Clandestina, ANCLA), 321

Clapham, Andrew, 119 Clarín, 13 , 42 , 210 , 246 , 292 , 294 , 297 , 299 – 301 ,

312 – 313 , 312 n. 8 , 314 , 315 – 316 , 320 , 349 Clarín group, 44 , 82 , 246 , 247 , 363 class-based revenge, 76 , 82 , 89 CMS Gas Transmission, 358 , 361 Cobos, Víctor Manuel, 171 codes of business conduct, 130 Coeli, Regina, 350 coercive state power, co-participating in, 5 Cold War, 3 , 10 , 26 , 47 , 61 – 64 , 65 – 66 , 80 collaboration between business and the armed

forces, 135 – 137 , 169 , 170 – 171 , 174 – 175 , 184 – 185 , 199 , 211 , 228 , 256 , 284 , 302

Colombres Garmendia, Ignacio, 362 Colorados , 76 , 80 – 81 Combal, Fernando, 286 , 287 combative labor activists, 12 , 14 , 19 , 24 , 41 , 80 , 81 ,

179 , 181 , 197 , 201 – 208 , 202 , 202 n. 1 , 211 , 215 , 220 , 279 , 289 , 308 – 309

Combative Labor Movement (Movimiento Sindical Combativo), 203

Comitato Antifascista contro la Repressione in Argentina (CAFRA), 349 – 350

Commisione parlamentare d’indagine sulla P-2 (CpiP-2), 341

Committee for Agricultural Action, 253 Communist Party (Partido Comunista de

Argentina, PCA), 183 Communist Party (Partido Comunista de Italia,

PCI), 343 , 344 Communist Vanguard Party (Vanguardia

Comunista), 196 Compañía Azucarera Concepción, 98 n. 9 Compañía Azucarera del Norte, 98 n. 9 Compañía de Aguas del Aconquija, 362






Index378

Compañía Ítalo Argentina de Electricidad (CIAE), 270 , 353

Companies conduct, 123 – 125 conduct, “enables”, 124 conduct, “exacerbates”, 124 conduct, “facilitates”, 124 conduct, of civil remedies, 122 – 123 , 124 ,

126 – 129 , 142 conduct, to be liable, 128 illegal appropiation of, 13 , 265 – 303 “sphere of infl uence”, 129

comparative jurisprudence, 148 – 150 Compensable Damages, 140 – 141 compensation, 15 , 20 , 21 – 22 , 33 n. 9 , 92 , 93 , 116 ,

140 – 141 , 149 , 368 – 369 compensation and Civil Code, 144 – 145 , 147 – 148 , 154 Compensation, claims for, 40 – 41 , 149 – 150 , 152 , 371 complicit

and economic benefi ts, 181 – 185 , 235ss companies, 371 substantial contribution, 5 – 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 32 , 40

Complicity active accomplices civil actions (statutory limitation), 2 , 10 – 11 , 15 ,

144 , 144 – 148 , 148 – 150 , 152 – 154 , 171 , 174 – 175 , 179 n. 8 , 302 , 369 – 370 , 369 n. 11

economic contributions, 10 , 119 – 155 , 367 – 368 editorial and, 2 , 13 , 171 – 172 , 293 – 295 , 297 ,

307 – 308 , 313 – 322 , 334 – 335 in crimes against humanity, 2 , 6 , 11 , 15 , 35 , 39 ,

40 – 41 , 44 , 140 , 144 – 145 , 147 , 152 , 154 , 170 – 173 , 292 , 298 , 302 – 303 , 308 , 316 , 337 , 358 , 365 , 369

legal implications, 10 , 109 , 119 – 155 logistic, intelligence, and material aid, 11 ,

35 , 110 , 136 – 137 , 161 , 178 , 183 – 184 , 210 – 211 , 278 – 280 , 279 n. 7 , 280 – 286 , 308 , 309 , 328

of a sector of union leadership, 170 – 172 , 201 – 216 of sectors of the leadership with a regressive

model of social, political, and economic transformation, 215 , 276 , 278 , 292 , 344

of the lenders, 105 – 116 stage the coup, political, social, and economic

factors, 2 , 61 , 80 , 91 , 94 , 138 , 159 – 160 , 164 , 176 – 177 , 179 – 182 , 184 – 185 , 187 – 188 , 205 , 208 , 218 , 220 , 235 – 238 , 251 – 252 , 253 , 256 , 261 – 262 , 278 , 292 – 293

with the terrorist state, 1 – 16 , 186ss , 292ss , 309 – 310 , 322 , 324 , 331 , 336 – 338 , 340 , 352

concentrated and centralized economic power, 7 , 12 , 26 , 33 – 34 , 54 , 59 , 64 , 89 , 98 n. 9 , 104 , 176 , 178 , 180 – 182 , 218 , 235 , 241 , 242 – 250 , 251 , 257 , 301 , 318

concentration camps, 120 , 132 , 175 , 239 Conferences on Judicial Reform (1977–1978),

356 – 357 Conferencia Episcopal Argentina (CEA,

Argentine Episcopal Conference), 323 , 324 , 335 . See also Asamblea Plenaria de la Conferencia Episcopal Argentina (APCEA)

confl ict minerals, buyers of, 27 – 28 constitutional reform of 1949, and religion, 330 constructing meaning, 188 Consumer Price Index (CPI), 92 , 95 , 241 , 331 Conti, Juan Carlos, 162 , 163 Continental Casualty Company, 362 contract debt, 95 , 103 contractor nation ( la patria contratista ), 85 – 86 ,

86 n. 22 conventions, 55 – 58 , 131 – 132 , 131 n. 5 , 337 , 337 n. 76 conventions, 49 – 50

American Convention (Pacto de San José), 21 American Convention on Human Rights

(ACHR), 146 , 152 , 354 Convention for the Settlement of Investment

Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention, 1991), 353

Geneva Conventions, 22 n. 11 Torture convention, 21 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 354

Cooperativa de Crédito Frutos y Pieles del País Ltda., 287

Copetro, 98 n. 9 Corcemar, 98 n. 9 Cordobazo, 52, 80 , 236 , 296 . See also protest

movements corporate complicity

and legal accountability, 9 , 10 , 11 , 119 – 129 , 130 , 139

in human rights violations, 29 – 44 in international crimes, 9 , 10 , 119 – 120 , 129 ,

130 – 142 corporate contribution and civil responsibility, 10 ,

136 – 138 , 139 , 142 corporate inputs (goods or services), is it still

unlawful, 131 corporate responsibility, 9 , 27 , 130 , 134 – 135 ,

137 – 138 , 141 – 142 , 144 – 145 , 186 , 188 – 189 , 191 , 200

corporate state, 52 Corporation of Catholic Lawyers (Corporación

de Abogados Católicos), 334 , 358 Corriere della Sera (Argentina), 345 corruption, 19 , 21 , 25 – 26 , 261 , 269 n. 2 , 307 , 317 Corti, Carlos Alberto, 341 n. 4 , 348






Index 379

Corvalán Nanclares, Ernesto, 210 Cosentino, José A., 86 n. 24 Council for the Americas, 69 Courard, Nicolás E., 164 , 165 Cox, Robert, 321 Craxi, Bettino, 348 Crea publishing house, 345 Crédit Lyonnais bank, 273 crimes against humanity, 1 , 2 , 6 , 11 , 15 , 35 , 39 ,

40 – 41 , 44 , 140 , 144 , 145 , 147 – 148 , 152 , 154 , 170 – 173 , 275 , 292 , 298 , 302 – 303 , 308 , 316 , 337 , 358 , 365 , 369 , 369 n. 11

Criminal Code, 135 , 194 , 310 “Criminal law and international crimes”, 120 – 129 criminal law in this search for justice, 198 criminal responsibility, 121 – 122 , 134 , 136 , 139 , 145 ,

153 , 316 – 317 criminal state and the economy, 5 criminal state, fi nancing of a, 105 , 137 , 189 “macro criminal state”, 189 , 290 Criterio , 334 – 335 Cronstedt, Claes, 119 Cuban Revolution, 65

D’Alessandri, Francisco, 283 , 286 n. 25 Daimler Chrysler AG, 170 Daimler Chrysler Services, 361 Dalmine-Siderca. 11 , 98 n. 9 , 184 , 239 , 251 n. 15 .

See also Siderca De la Serna, Eduardo, 335 De la Vega, César, 341 n. 4 death penalty applied to company IG Farben

case, 132 , 132 n. 7 death squads, 20 , 30 , 106 , 343 . See also Argentine

Anticommunist Alliance Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons & Gates, 355 debt crisis (1982), 107 , 109 defi nition of aiding and abetting requires, 23 ,

23 n. 13 , 27 , 121 , 122 , 124 , 125 , 126 Defranco Fantín, grupo, 13 , 271 Defranco Fantín, Reinaldo, 272 Degiusti, Luis, 207 deindustrialization, process of, 10 , 12 , 83 , 88 , 109 ,

213 – 214 , 242 , 245 , 248 , 250 – 251 Dejean, Raúl G., 342 n. 8 Del Carril, Enrique, 357 , 358 Delgado, Federico, 15 Delfi m Netto, Antônio, 116 n. 19 Delgado, Ariel, 322 Delgado, Federico, 163 Democratic Republic of Congo, 19 , 27 n. 23 , 35 Dentoni, Valeria Anabela, 362

Department for International Development (DFID), 371

dependency theory, 20 Derian, Patricia, 69 , 329 Deserti, Luigi, 346 detention camps, 214 Deutsch, 247 Di Bella, Franco, 345 Di Tella, Torcuato 179 Diamonds, extraction and exploitation of, 25 – 26 ,

27 , 120 – 121 , 125 Díaz Bessone, Ramón, 325 n. 13 Díaz Bialet, Alejandro, 343 Dios Murias, Carlos de: 323 dismantle the structure of systematic socializing

statization, 261 dispensability of civil servants (Law 21, 274), 220 distributive justice, and economic, social, and

cultural rights, 9 , 19 Diz, Adolfo, 57 , 270 Dodd-Frank Act, 27 domestic demand, 91 , 176 domestic demand, drop in, 108 Domestic Law, 10 , 41 , 122 , 133 – 136 , 142 , 151 domestic legal systems, 133 , 139 – 140 Doswald-Beck, Louise, 119 Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and

Security of Mankind, 139 Dromi, Roberto, 362 Due Obedience and Full Stop Acts, 163 , 168 ,

275 n. 17 , 302 , 371 n. 18 Dugard, John, 119 Duhalde, Eduardo Luis, 293 Durand, Julio César, 362 Duranor, 245 n. 8 Durrieu, Roberto, 270 , 356

Eastern Europe’s pro-Soviet regimes, 20 , 23 – 24 Economic Commission for Latin America and

the Caribbean (ECLAC), 78 n. 8 , 78 n. 9 , 79 n. 10 , 243 , 347

Economic and Social Development Institute (Instituto para el Desarrollo Económico y Social, IDES), 83 n. 19 , 84 n. 20

economic accomplices accountability of. See

accountability ; complicit, economic benefi ts ; complicit, economic contributions

and social structure, change in the, 6 , 10 , 25 , 60 , 67 – 68 , 79 , 80 n. 12 , 84 , 88 – 89 , 103 – 104 , 181 , 183 , 201 , 202 n. 1 , 212 , 215 , 235 – 236 , 236 n. 3 , 239 – 241 , 239 n. 4 , 245 , 352 , 354






Index380

and concentrated groups, 7 , 12 , 26 , 33 – 34 , 54 , 59 , 64 , 89 , 98 n. 9 , 104 , 176 , 178 , 180 – 182 , 218 , 235 , 241 , 242 – 250 , 251 , 257 , 301 , 318 , 343

as aspect of “subversion”, 13 , 271 – 275 , 277 – 299 benefi ts, 1 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 12 – 14 , 59 , 60 , 70 , 79 , 84 ,

86 , 89 , 91 , 98 , 101 , 181 – 185 , 235 – 252 , 273 , 275 , 285 , 289 – 290 , 312 , 317 , 320 , 330 , 337 , 351 , 354 , 359 – 360 , 366 – 367

economic complicity, 4 , 9 , 13 – 15 , 17 – 44 , 120 , 142 , 364 , 365 , 369

economic consolidation, 11 , 174ss economic model, implement an, 1 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 10 ,

59 , 79 , 84 , 85 , 87 – 89 , 91 , 94 , 104 , 114 – 115 , 181 , 183 , 196 , 198 , 212 , 218 – 219 , 230 – 231 , 239 , 241 , 245 , 254 , 263 , 270 , 276 , 278 , 289 , 293 , 343

economic program, 56 , 57 , 70 , 178 , 181 , 183 , 218 , 236 – 237 , 236 n. 3 , 249 , 259 – 260 , 276 , 312 , 343 , 369 . See also Martínez de Hoz’s economic plan

economic reasons for the repression, 84 , 193 , 203 , 228 , 248 , 288 , 299

economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights), 8 – 9 , 14 , 19 , 21 , 21 n. 5 , 21 n. 6 , 26

economic, social, and cultural rights violations (economic violence), 8 , 26

“economic subversion”, 13 , 272 – 275 , 277 – 291 model of exclusion, 6 , 10 , 19 , 292 , 311 , 312 , 343 trade and fi nancial liberalization, 8 , 12 , 57 ,

84 , 89 , 91 , 95 , 107 , 178 , 218 , 241 , 248 , 249 , 253 – 254 , 257 – 258 , 260 , 264 , 265 , 352

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), 78 n. 8 , 78 n. 9 , 100 n. 14 , 243 , 347

Economic Federation of the Province of Buenos Aires (Federación Económica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires), 217 n. 2

Economic Readjustment and Intensifi cation Plan (December, 1978), 94

Economic Responsibility Trials, Meaning of Justice in the, 198 – 200

Economic Subversion Act (Law 20, 840), 13 , 272 , 274 – 275 , 282 . See also National Commission for Asset Responsibility (CONAREPA)

EDF International SA, 361 El Aguilar mining company, 16 , 188 , 195 El Día , 318 El ladrillo (The Brick), 56 El Libro Gordo de Petete , 272 El Paso Energy, 360 , 361 Electricidad Argentina SA, 361

Electroclor, 98 n. 9 Embalse Río Tercero nuclear plant, 349 Emery, Carlos A., 206 n. 7 Employment Contract Act (Ley de Contrato de

Trabajo, LCT), 148 , 221 LCT, amendments to the, 223 – 230 LCT and economic groups, 218 , 225ss LCT and right to strike, 220 , 221 , 224

employment, contracted of, 78 – 79 , 83 n. 19 , 89 , 91 , 148

Empresa , 334 electricity workers’ unions, 203 Enron, 358 , 359 , 359 n. 29 , 361 Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), 341 Episcopal Conference. See Asamblea Plenaria

de la Conferencia Episcopal Argentina (APCEA), Argentine Episcopal Conference

Episcopal Social Pastoral Commission, 334 Episcopate, 324 – 329 , 333 – 335 , 337 – 358 . See also

Corporation of Catholic Lawyers Episcopate, Justice and Peace Commission of

the, 335 equator principles, 27 , 27 n. 22 Ericsson, grupo, 240 Erize, Marie-Anne, 350 ESC rights. See Economic, social and cultural

rights (ESC rights) Escribano, José Claudio, 318 Esso, 351 Estrada, Alejandro, 270 Estudio Allende & Brea,law fi rm, 361 Etchebarne, Juan Alfredo, 277 , 278 , 280 , 281 , 283 ,

284 , 288 Etcheverrigaray, Carlos, 240 “ethics of conviction”, 48 “ethics of responsibility”, 48 European Banking Co. Ltd., 107 European Center for Constitutional and Human

Rights, 138 n. 20 “Exchange Anchor” Stage, 94 exchange policy, 6 , 99 , 263 Export-Import Bank, 112 Exprinter, 280 n. 10 External Debt Museum, 368 external debt, 70 , 76 , 78 – 79 , 84 , 85 – 88 , 86 n. 24 ,

92 , 93 , 96 , 98 – 101 , 103 , 103 n. 19 , 106 – 109 , 235 , 237 , 246 – 248 , 246 n. 9 , 353

growth of, 70 , 103 , 108 , 214 , 219 , 265 interest payments on, 93 , 100 , 103 – 104 nationalization (or statization) of the private,

58 , 88 , 102 , 245 , 246 n. 9

economic (cont.)






Index 381

ExxonMobil, 360 Ezcurra Uriburu, Alberto, 324

Fábrica Militar de Aceros, 176 Fabricaciones Militares, 54 Fabril Financiera (textil), 98 n. 9 Fajnzylber, Fernando, 251 Fanelli Evans, María Agustina, 362 Fanjul, Silvia, 316 n. 19 Fapel SA (Fábrica Argentina de Papel para

Diarios SA), 299 , 301 , 316 Fargosi, Horacio, 362 Federal Broadcasting Committee (Comité

Federal de Radiodifusión, COMFER), 315 Federal Christian Democratic Union, 334 Federal Court of Appeals (Cámara Federal), 145 ,

147 , 274 , 314 , 325 n. 13 , 328 n. 29 , 328 n. 33 federal police banking division, 274 , 279 , 287 Federal Police of Argentina (Policía Federal

Argentina, PFA), 272 Federation of Industry and Related Workers

(Federación de Trabajadores de la Industria y Afi nes, FETIA), 183 n. 11 , 215 n. 27 , 280 n. 9

Federation of Workers of Argentina, (Central de Trabajadores Argentinos, CTA), 162 n. 5 , 183 n. 11 , 215 n. 27

Feierstein, Daniel, 295 Fernández Cronenbold, Luis María, 361 Fernández de Kirchner, Cristina, 75 Fernández Gez, Miguel Ángel, 337 Fernández, Rodolfo P., 184 Fernández, Roque, 56 Fèvre, Fermín, 335 Fiat, 79 , 247 fi nancial sector,

and speculation, 12 , 245 , 249 , 259 , 280 , 287 and valorization, 10 , 82 , 85 – 89 , 178 , 214 , 235 ,

246 , 250 , 270 , 280 , 314 fi nancial aid and criminal plan, 5 , 10 , 59 ,

105 – 106 , 106 – 110 , 111 – 113 , 114 , 366 fi nancial deregulation , 12 , 99 , 352 fi nancial model, replacement of the

production model with the, 5 , 7 – 8 , 250 , 280 “fi nancial nation”, 287 fi nancial reform (Law 21, 526), 84 fi nancial returns, 84 – 85 , 241 , 259 predominance of the, 10 , 250 , 280

fi nancial-speculative and transnational capital, 301 “fi nanciers”, kidnappings of, 277 , 278 , 286 – 291 .

See also Graiver, David Financial Institutions Act, 94 , 280 , 287

Finsur SA, 286 , 287 Firpo, grupo, 240 fi scal défi cit, 92 , 94 , 108 Flick, Friedrich, 132 Floria, Carlos, 334 , 335 Flynn, Louis, 334 Foà, Giangiacomo, 345 Foce, Carlo, 348 Fonrouge, Máximo, 362 Fontana, Jorge, 319 Ford Foundation, 56 Ford Motor Argentina SA, 11 , 56 , 149 , 159 , 160 ,

162 – 165 , 170 , 183 , 185 , 203 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 210 , 214 , 215 , 218 n. 3 , 239

Ford Motor Company (US), 149 Ford Pacheco plant, 159 , 164 , 165 , 170 , 172 , 173 ,

183 , 208 Ford, Gerald, 68 , 69 , 111 Ford, Henry (III), 165 Foreign Assistance Act (1974), 112ss foreign banks, 99 – 100 , 108 , 115 foreign capital, 14 , 64 , 67 – 68 , 77 – 78 , 80 , 82 , 85 ,

89 , 95 , 104 , 106 , 108 , 244 , 245 n. 8 , 298 , 359 foreign debt. See external debt foreign investments, 10 , 24 , 65 , 69 , 85 , 89 ,

353 – 355 , 360 foreign companies and conglomerates, 11 , 78 , 84 ,

235 , 236 n. 2 , 242 – 244 , 242 n. 6 , 244 n. 8 , 246 , 247 , 251 n. 15 , 351 , 355

Forum for Justice Administration Studies (Foro de Estudios sobre la Administración de Justicia, FORES), 14 , 352 , 356 , 357 , 358 , 361 , 362 , 363

and “Final Document”, 357 FORES’ National and Transnational

Arbitration Committee, 358 , 362 Fortunati, Roberto Alejandro, 362 Forum of Studies on Justice Administration (Foro

de Estudios sobre la Administración de Justicia, FORES), 14 , 352 , 356 , 357 , 358 , 361 , 362 , 363

Foundation for Latin American Economic Research (Fundación de Investigaciones Económicas Latinoamericanas, FIEL), 56

Fraga Iribarne, Manuel, 344 Francis, pope. See Bergoglio, Jorge Frankel, Marvin, 355 Free Prior Reading Service (Servicio Gratuito de

Lectura Previa), 293 , 309 Fridman, Daniel, 57 Friedman, Milton, 53 Frondizi, Arturo, 79 , 341






Index382

Full Stop and Due Obedience Acts. See Due Obedience and Full Stop Acts

“Fund for the development of the production of newsprint and cellulose”, 296 , 316

Fundación Mediterránea. See Institute for Economic Studies on Argentine

FV-Canteras Cerro Negro, 247

Gabrielli, Mario H., 308 Gainza Paz, Alberto, 321 Gainza Paz, Máximo, 318 Gaitán, Eliécer, 64 Galarraga, Guillermo, 161 , 164 , 165 Galería Da Vinci SA, 297 , 301 Gallino, Oscar B., 300 Galtieri, Leopoldo, 257 , 333 , 334 Gamboa, Javier, 240 García Belsunce, Horacio, 352 García Mansilla, Enrique, 283 García Moritán, Patricio, 362 García, Héctor R., 312 n. 8 García, Pedro, 284 Garovaglio y Zorraquín, 238 , 240 , 246 , 247 Garzón, Baltasar, 162 n. 5 Gas del Estado, 240 GDP, 77 , 78 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 96 – 103 , 108 , 110 , 111 , 219 ,

230 – 231 , 235 , 241 and employment (1974–1983), 241 and industrialization coeffi cient

(1974–1983), 241 CGT. See General Confederation of Labor Gelbard, José Ber, 297 , 316 , 349

and the Jewish community, 297 – 298 Gelli, Licio, 340 , 341 , 343 – 345 , 347 , 348 , 349 Genaro Grasso, 178 , 246 n. 9 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

(GATT), 62 General Confederation of Labor

(Confederación General del Trabajo, CGT), 80 , 83 , 178 , 182 , 202 – 203 , 205 , 214 , 220 , 222 , 255

General Economic Confederation (Confederación General Económica, CGE), 255

General Electric, 79 General Motors, 79 , 245 n. 8 Gente , 313 , 319 , 325 Gesualdi, Lidia, 316 n. 19 Gigena, Alberto, 167 , 210

wife of, 167 Gils Carbó, Alejandra, 363

Gini coeffi cient, 104 , 104 n. 20 Girardo, Jorge, 257 Gisse, El Hadji, 21 , 22 Gitnacht, Eva, 316 n. 19 goals of transitional justice (truth, justice,

memory, reparations, and institutional reforms). See Transicional justice

Gómez Fuentes, Oscar, 319 Gómez Morales, Alfredo, 253 Gómez-Zuluaga, Alberto L., 119 González, José María, 172 Grafex, 247 Graiver family, 13 , 271 , 272 , 274 , 281 ,

285 – 288 , 292 , 295 – 298 , 300 , 301 , 302 , 316 , 317

Graiver group, 271 , 286 , 292 , 295 , 296 – 301 , 316 Graiver, David, 282 , 296 , 298 , 299 , 301 , 316 ,

316 n. 19 Graiver, David, estate of, 299 , 301 Graiver, Isidoro, 297 n. 19 , 316 n. 19 Graiver, Juan, 319 n. 19 Grandis, María Concepción de, 177 Graphic Arts Union (Sindicato de Artes Gráfi cas),

307 – 308 Grasselli, Emilio, 328 Grassi, René, 282 , 283 , 284 , 286 Great National Agreement (GAN), 52 Greathead, Scott, 355 Greenaway, Joseph, 149 Griecco, Miguel, 210 Grondona, Mariano (Jr.), 353 Grondona, Mariano, 324 Group of 63 , 77 Guadagni, Alieto, 86 n. 23 Guatemalan truth commission, 24 , 24 n. 14 Guglielminetti, Raúl A., 283 , 286 n25 Guiding Principles on Business and Human

Rights, 3 , 132 Gurmendi group, 246 n. 9 . See also Santa Rosa

and Genaro Grasso Gurmendi, 178 , 246 n. 9 Gutheim, Federico, 273 , 358 Gutheim, group, 13 , 271 Gutheim, Miguel E., 273 , 358 Gutiérrez, Horacio, 264 Guzzetti, César A., 69 , 69 n. 6

Hagelin, Daniel, 161 Harguindeguy, Albano, 272 , 334 , 356 Harkin initiative (1975), 113 Harris, Tex, 69






Index 383

Hary, Pablo, 334 Healy, Harold Jr, 355 Heinrich, Enrique, 308 Herman Zupan, 247 historicism, 197 Hitler, Adolf, 323 HOCHTIEF, 361 Hoffman, Paul, 165 holding legal persons, including companies,

possibility of, 168 n. 17 , 171 Holfi nco SAFIyM, 287 Holocaust, 141 , 148 , 149 , 189 n. 6 , 371 n. 15 Huancayo-Constantini, 247 Huici, Héctor, 357 Human Rights Offi ce of the National Securities

Commission (Comisión Nacional de Valores, CNV), 277ss , 277 n. 1

Humo® , 322 Hurlingham group, 284

IAPA General Assembly, 320 Iaccarino brothers, 290 Iaccarino, Alejandro, 289 , 290 Iaccarino, Carlos, 289 , 290 Ianetta, E., 240 Ianover, Rafael, 297 , 301 , 316 n. 19 Iavícoli, Juan, 80 n. 12 IBM (International Business

Machines), 138 Ideas, 14 , 48 , 81 , 262 , 269 – 270 , 312 .

See also Think tank economic ideas and power, 9 – 10 , 47 – 60 importanc and responsibility of, 48 , 49 – 50 (neo)liberal ideas, 49 , 58 – 60 organic intellectuals and, 241

IKA-Renault, 203 , 240 Illia, Arturo, 360 Impregilo, 361 Inanclor, 98 n. 9 Induclor, 98 n. 9

“industrial” or “factory” guerrilla/terrorism, 205 n. 6 , 206 – 207 , 207 n. 10 , 208 – 210

Il Corriere degli italiani (Argentina), 345 Il Giornale d’Italia (Brazil), 345 Illegal Appropriation of Companies,

13 , 267 – 276 , 277 – 291 , 292 – 303 import substitution model, (or stage,), 75 ,

239 , 250 and industrialization, 176 , 178 , 251 interruption of, 7 , 235 , 240 , 251 – 252 second stage of, 75 – 82 , 83 , 91 , 203 , 213

impunity laws and decrees. See Due Obedience and Full Stop Acts

Income Redistribution, 82 – 85 , 99 Indochina, “Counterrevolutionary War

Doctrine”, 66 , 80 . See also Algeria Indupa (formerly Rhodia Richard), 98 n. 9 , 247 industrial activity, drop in, 12 , 54 , 78 , 92 , 99 , 108 ,

214 , 231 , 244 industrial business associations, 8 , 50 – 52 , 56 , 110 ,

181 , 183 , 217 , 218 , 235 – 252 , 256 industrial business sector, top members of the,

240 , 243 – 244 industrial development, 12 , 47 , 80 , 236 , 301 industrial entrepreneurs, in government executive

positions, 12 , 235 – 252 Industrial Federation of the Province of Córdoba

(Federación Industrial de la Provincia de Córdoba), 217 n. 2

industrial promotion regimes, 97 , 250 industrialization model, 99 , 213 , 259 , 301

and populism, 253 restructuring, process of, 66 – 67 , 81 , 82 , 84 – 85 ,

103 , 109 , 213 – 214 , 235 , 241 – 242 , 245 , 246 n. 9 , 248 , 251 , 251 n. 15 , 280

Industrias Siderúrgicas Grassi, 274 , 281 , 283 , 285 , 289

Infl ation, 49 , 54 – 55 , 57 – 58 , 84 , 91 , 92 , 258 , 260 – 262 , 312 , 343 , 361

and devaluation, 91 – 92 , 95 – 96 , 99 – 102 , 263 , 296 , 343 , 359

and recession, 70 , 94 , 99 – 100 , 109 , 110 , 253 – 254

hyperinfl ationary crisis (1975), 94 . See also Rodrigazo

hyperinfl ationary crisis (1989), 76 n. 2 , 103 Ingegnieros, Enrique R., 175 n. 2 , 179 Ingenio Ledesma, 5 , 11 , 171 , 185 – 199 , 218 n. 3 , 239 ,

240 , 247 Ingenio Ledesma sugar mill, 5 , 11 , 39 , 171 , 186 ,

187 , 190 , 191 , 196 Institute for Economic Studies on Argentine

and Latin American Reality of the Mediterranean Foundation) (Instituto de Estudios Económicos de la Realidad Argentina y Latinoamericana de la Fundación Mediterránea (IEERAL-FM), 56

Institute for Studies on State and Participation (Instituto de Estudios sobre Estado y Participación-CTA, IDEP), 183 n. 11

Institute of Higher Social Studies (Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales, IDAES), 219






Index384

Intellectuals, 9 , 11 , 47 – 60 , 82 , 135 , 138 , 138 n. 20 , 143 , 241 , 248 , 277 , 361 . See ideas, economic ideas and power ; ideas, organic intellectuals and

Intelligence Division of the Buenos Aires Province Police (Dirección de Inteligencia de la Policía de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, DIPBA), 210

Interagua (Spain), 360 Inter-American Press Association (IAPA), 307 , 318 ,

320 , 321 Intermendoza-Taurales, 247 Inter-American Commission on/of Human

Rights (IACHR), or Inter-American Human Rights Commission’s, 21 n. 5 , 70 , 146 , 313 – 314 , 357

Inter-American Congress of Catholic Education, 329

Inter-American Court of Human Rights (I/A Court HR -IACHR), 22 , 146 , 151

Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (IATRA), 64

Interior Security Council, 206 internal commission’s workers, 159 – 160 , 161 , 166 ,

176 , 179 , 182 – 183 , 203 – 204 International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (IBRD), 79 n. 11 International Center for Settlement of Investment

Disputes (ICSID), 352 , 353 , 354 , 358 , 359 , 359 n. 31 , 360 , 361 , 362

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), 352 n. 1 , 354 , 360

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), 4 n. 17 , 10 , 119 , 130 , 130 n. 4 , 139 , 209 – 210 , 213 – 214 , 221 , 350 , 351

International Criminal Court, 6 , 23 , 33 n. 10 , 121 , 129 , 131 n. 5 , 139 , 151 , 337 n. 76

Rome Statute of the, 6 , 23 , 23 n. 13 , 33 n. 10 , 131 n. 5 , 139 , 141 , 151 , 337 n. 76

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, 33 n. 10 , 139 , 295

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 133 , 139 , 189 n. 6

international human rights law, standards of, 3 , 10 , 20 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 122 , 132 , 134 – 136 , 145 , 150 – 155

International Law Commission, 139 International Metalworkers’ Federation, 210 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 15 , 59 ,

59 n. 26 , 62 , 69 , 79 , 79 n. 11 , 92 , 103 , 108 , 344 , 351

interventionist state, 52 , 220 , 222 , 260 , 312 . See also “statizing interventionism”

Intransigent Radical Civic Union (Unión Cívica Radical Intransigente, UCRI), 81

Inversai SA, 273 investors, 57 – 58 , 60 , 359 – 360 , 371 Ipeco, 180 Iribarne, Miguel Ángel, 334 Italy and Argentina, ties between, 14 , 339 – 350

Italian bondholders, 360 – 361 Italian Socialist Party, 348 Italian Trade Agency (Istituto del Commercio

Estero, ICE), 346 Italian weapons sales to Argentina, 347 – 348 Italians arms and oil deals, 341 , 348 – 349 Italy Connection, 339 – 350

Italimpianti, Genoa-based, 349

Jara de Cabezas, Thelma, 314 Jenkins, Joseph, 188 Jewish capitals, 298 John Paul I, 331 Johnson, Hiram, 319 Joinet, Louis, 21 , 22 Junta de Historia Eclesiástica Argentina, 333 jus cogens , 133 , 134 , 135 , 138 n. 19 , 141 , 152 just war doctrine. See Saint Thomas Aquinas’

theology Justo, Agustín P., 330

Kass, Stephen, 355 Kennedy, John F., 80 Kenyan Truth Commission, 3 , 26 , 26 n. 20 key sectors, support of, spending in the military

and police sectors, 114 kidnapping

by ‘private’ initiative, 288 – 289 of businesspersons and fi nanciers, 13 , 278 ,

282 – 291 , 286 n. 25 , 292 of journalists, editors and social activist,

308 – 309 , 337 , 356 of workers and trade union delegate, 11 , 16 ,

39 , 160 , 160 n. 2 , 162 – 163 , 166 , 168 – 171 , 175 , 177 , 181 – 182 , 184 , 187 , 191 , 192 , 195 , 208 , 220 , 231 , 326

“Kimberley process”, 27 , 27 n. 23 Kiobel case, 35 , 165 Kirchner, Néstor, 363 Kissinger, Henry, 69 Klein, Guillermo W., 240 , 270 , 353 Kloosterman, Dirk, 204






Index 385

Koldobsky, David, 286 , 287 , 288 Korean Peninsula, war in the, 62 Kosacoff, Bernardo, 76 n.2 , 242 n. 5 Kraiselburd, Raúl, 318 Krieger Vasena, Adalbert, 85

La Agrícola Cía. de Seguros, 281 La Capital , 318 La Centrale, fi nancial company, 341 La Columbia, fi nancial company, 341 La Dalmine (Italia), 180 La Falda and Huerta Grande programs, 80 La Hora de Italia (Uruguay), 345 La Nación , 13 , 42 , 50 , 50 n. 7 , 53 , 81 n. 14 ,

87 n. 26 , 100 n. 15 , 261 n. 28 , 292 , 294 , 297 , 299 , 300 , 312 , 312 n. 9 , 314 , 316 , 316 n. 18 , 317 , 317 n. 23 , 318 , 318 n. 27 , 318 n. 29 , 318 n. 30 , 320 , 325 n. 16 , 332 n. 55 , 333 n. 63 , 334 n. 65 , 352 n. 4 , 356 , 357 n. 19 , 357 n. 21 , 363 n. 40

La Nueva Provincia , 2 n. 4 , 2 n. 5 , 172 , 307 , 308 , 312 n. 8

La Opinión (Los Angeles, California), 320 La Prensa , 50 , 53 , 318 , 318 n. 26 , 318 n. 28 La Razón , 13 , 42 , 292 , 297 , 299 , 300 , 316 ,

316 n. 18 La Veloz del Norte, 11 , 39 n. 15 , 171 Las Marías, 16

labor bureaucracy. See orthodox labor leadership in worker repression, 12 ,

201 – 216 labor power, 53 , 176 Laboratorios Bagó, 247 Lacabanne, Raúl Oscar, 205 Laghi, Pío, 328 Lagos, Ovidio, 318 Laguna, Justo Oscar, 336 Laise, Rodolfo, 337 Lakshmi Mittal, 180 Lambruschini, Armando, 146 Lamimfer, 178 , 180 Lamont Smart, Jaime, 356 Lanusse, Alejandro, 52 , 81 , 296 , 316 , 360 Large corporations, predominance of the, 67 – 68 ,

83 n. 19 , 140 , 203 , 214 , 225 Larrabeiti Yáñez, Anatole, 145 , 147 Larrabeiti Yáñez, Claudia, 145 , 147 Lastiri, Raúl, 341 n. 4 , 342 Lastra, Alejandro, 352 Latin America, 20 , 22 – 24 , 30 , 52 , 62 , 64 – 65 , 66 ,

68 – 69 , 111 – 112 , 213 , 316

Latin American School of Social Sciences (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO), 75 , 75 n. 1 , 77 n. 4 , 77 n. 6 , 83 n. 17 , 113 n. 11 , 243

Latinoamericana de la Fundación Mediterránea (IEERAL-FM), 56

Lavallén, Rubén L., 167 LCT. See Employment Contract Act Le Pera, Sergio, 362 leading media outlets, editorial complicity of the,

2 , 13 . See also Clarín, La Nación, La Nueva Provincia, La Razón

Ledesma case, 15 , 186 – 200 and other cases of corporate responsibility, 200

Ledesma sugar mill/state, 5 , 11 , 39 , 171 , 186 , 187 , 189 – 190 , 190 – 191 , 191 – 192 , 196

Ledesma’s role in the repression of the labor movement, 186 legal perspective, 12 , 136 , 189

domestic law, 10 , 41 , 122 , 133 – 136 , 142 , 144 , 151

international law, 10 , 41 , 105 , 115 – 116 , 120 – 122 , 129 – 131 , 131 – 133 , 134 – 136 , 137 , 139 – 144 , 149 , 151 , 336 , 364

legal system and meanings, 119 – 120 , 122 , 133 – 137 , 139 – 140 , 144 , 188

legally liable, 122 – 123 Legislative Affairs Commission (Comisión de

Asesoramiento Legislativo, CAL), 223 n. 11 Legrand, Mirtha, 287 Leichner, 210 Lemos, Alberto, 171 , 186 , 187 , 192 , 194 , 195 ,

197 , 198 Lenci, Federico, 341 n. 4 Lenders, 105 , 116 León Participaciones Argentinas SA, 361 Levin, Marcos, 171 liberalism, 49 , 50 – 52 , 52 – 53 , 54 , 339 . See also

(neo)liberal ideas ; neoliberalism in power, 7 n. 24 , 51 , 52 , 54 – 58 , 55 n. 19 liberal intellectuals, 49 , 52 n. 11 , 55 – 56 , 58 – 59 liberal circles and liberal-conservative

groupings, 49 , 51 , 53 – 54 liberal technocrats, 55 , 56 n. 21 , 60 . See also

Chicago Boys ; Foundation for Latin American Economic Research (FIEL) ; Center for Macroeconomic Studies of Argentina (CEMA) ; Latin American Reality of the Mediterranean Foundation (Fundación Mediterránea, IEERAL-FM)

principles of, 50 , 53 , 57 – 58 , 58 n. 25 , 339






Index386

liberalization and deregulation economic plan, 12 , 99 , 236 n. 34 , 352 . See also economic program ; Martínez de Hoz’s economic plan

Libra Bank Ltd., 107 Licciardo, Cayetano, 331 Llerena Amadeo, Juan, 331 Lloyd’s Bank International Ltd., 107 local capital fl ight, 76 , 85 , 86 , 87 – 89 , 99 , 103 ,

108 – 109 , 236 , 296 – 297 , 353 Logares, Paula, 167 Loma Negra, 11 , 16 , 39 n. 15 , 82 , 171 , 218 n. 3 ,

228 , 247 Longueville, Gabriel, 323 López Aufranc, Alcides, 177 López Rega, José, 341 , 341 n. 4 , 342 – 344 López, Atilio, 203 , 204 Lorenz, Federico, 319 Lorenzetti, Ricardo, 4 loyalties, purchasing of, 5 , 10 , 106 , 106 – 110 ,

114 , 366 Loyola, Miguel Ángel, 308 Lozadur, 16 Lozano, Ignacio, 320 Luder, Ítalo A., 206 n. 7 Luz y Fuerza, 203 Lynch, Horacio, 357

M. & M. Bomchil Abogados, 358 , 361 Macchiavello, Gabriel Ricardo, 361 Macías, Francisco, 361 Mackentor company, 286 Macri, Antonio, 348 Macri, Franco, 348 Macri, group (SOCMA), 82 , 86 , 246 , 247 “macro-criminal” state, 189 , 190 “market policy” stage, 178 , 264 “monetary approach to the balance of payment”.

See tablita. Madanes (Fate-Aluar), 247 Madres de Plaza de Mayo, 327 Mairal & O’Farrell, 361 Mairal, Héctor, 353 Malvinas/Falklands war, 13 , 70 , 101 , 108 , 264 , 311 ,

312 , 315 Manhattan Mercury (Kansas), 320 Mann, Howard, 119 Manóvil, Rafael Mariano, 361 Manrique, Francisco, 297 n. 18 Manufacturers Hannover Trust Co., 107 Marathon, 176 , 180 Martín, Alfredo, 167 , 210

Martín, Juan José, 167 , 210 Martínez de Hoz, José Alfredo (Jr.), 353 , 354 ,

358 , 360 Martínez de Hoz, José Alfredo, 7 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 58 ,

59 , 70 , 84 , 88 , 176 , 177 – 180 , 214 , 218 , 240 , 248 , 254 , 256 – 259 , 263 – 264 , 273 , 278 , 280 , 284 , 297 , 312 , 318 , 326 , 333 – 336 , 340 , 349 – 353 , 358

First Conference on Industrial Modernization (1980), 249 n. 12

Martínez de Hoz’ economic diplomacy, 70 Martínez de Hoz’ economic plan, 177 – 180 ,

218 – 219 , 236 n. 3 , 248 – 249 , 254 , 258 – 259 , 263 – 264 , 280 , 297 , 312

Martínez de Perón, María Estela (Isabel), 161 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 196 , 205 , 205 n. 6 , 256 , 341 , 342 , 345

Martínez Zuviría, Gustavo (Hugo Wast), 329 Martínez, Luis Alberto ( El japonés) ,

286 n. 25 , 288 marxism, 20 , 58 , 210 , 325 MASA (ExxonMobil), 360 Massera, Emilio Eduardo, 54 , 146 , 341 n. 4 , 342 ,

344 , 345 , 346 , 347 , 349 Massot, Vicente, 308 Massuh, 98 n. 9 , 247 Mattei, Enrico, 341 Mazzola, Jorge, 299 McGrann Blyth, Mark, 49 MEDA (ExxonMobil), 360 Medina, José Miguel, 328 Mefi na fi nancial house, 287 Memory Day (Jujuy), 199 memory, truth, and justice, demand for.

See transicional justice memory, truth, and justice, process of, 143 ,

154 , 173 Menem, Carlos, 353 Menéndez, Luciano B., 194 Meoli, Gabriel, 240 Mercedes Benz Argentina, 11 , 16 , 159 ,

166 – 170 , 185 , 203 , 206 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 215 , 218 n. 3 , 239

Mestrina, 16 metal and mechanical workers’ unions.

See Union of Automotive Transport Mechanics and Related Workers (SMATA) and Metal Workers’ Union (UOM)

Metal Workers’ Union (Unión Obrera Metalúrgica, UOM), 179 , 181 , 182 , 203 , 215

Metalpar, 363 Metcon, 176 , 183






Index 387

Metropol Compañía Argentina de Seguros SA, 271

Metz, Heinrich, 166 , 209 Middle East, various wars in the, 62 Mignone, Emilio, 355 Miguel, Lorenzo, 176 , 179 , 182 Mijalchyk, José Eloy, 336 militarization of Argentina’s large industries, 7 ,

174 – 185 , 188 , 191 – 195 military dictatorship, economic and social

dimensions of, 6 , 8 – 9 , 15 , 19 – 28 , 172 , 186 , 188 – 189 , 279 , 366 – 367 , 368

military junta trial (1984–1985), 153 , 187 , 274 , 302 , 357 . See also “Causa 13”

military party, 76 , 80 , 81 , 81 n. 13 Azules, 76 , 80 , 81 Colorados , 76 , 81

military spending, 10 , 110 , 138 evolution of, 110 – 111

mita and yanaconazgo, labor systems used in mining, 228

Molinari, Antonio, 160 n. 2 Molinas, Ricardo, 297 , 301 , 302 , 317 Molinos Río de la Plata, 11 , 16 monetarist economic policy, 82 , 84 , 89 , 98 n. 10 ,

107 , 110 , 279 – 280 monetarist system, 109 monetarist theory, 55 , 240 Monetary Regulation Account (Cuenta de

Regulación Monetaria, CRM), 98 , 98 n. 10 , 102

Monómeros Vinílicos, 98 n. 9 Mont Pèlerin Society, 53 Montoneros, 42 n. 21 , 166 , 209 , 210 , 274 , 282 , 284 ,

289 , 297 , 299 , 316 Montserrat, Marcelo, 335 moral responsibility

levels of, 125 – 126 Silent Presence, 126

Morando, Juan Carlos, 163 Moreno, Carlos Alberto, 228 Morgan Guaranty Trust Co., 107 Morresi, Sergio, 53 Mosquera, 210 Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, 327 Müller, Pedro, 164 multilateral development banks, 27 , 113 Muñoz, Horacio, 284 Muñoz, José María, 313 Murias, Carlos de Dios, 323 Mussolini, Benito, 179

Napoli, Bruno, 277 Nasser, Gamal, 63 Natal Coda, Carlos, 344 National Administration of Roads and Highways

((Dirección Nacional de Vialidad), 219 National Administrative Investigations Prosecutor.

See Molinas, Ricardo National Broadcasting Plan (Plan Nacional

de Radiodifusión, PLANARA, Decree 286/81), 315

National Business Call (Convocatoria Nacional Empresaria, CONAE), 263

National Commission for Asset Responsibility (Comisión Nacional de Responsabilidad Patrimonial, CONAREPA), 13 , 270 , 271 , 272 , 275 , 276 , 279 n. 7 , 282 , 301

National Commission of Truth on Economic Complicity, 15

National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas), 4 , 147 , 153 , 183 , 210 , 328 n. 30 , 357 , 357 n. 20

National Development Bank (Banco Nacional de Desarrollo, BANADE), 98 , 102 , 104 , 240

National Development Council (Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, CONADE) 236 n. 2 , 328 n. 30 , 328 n. 31 , 357 , 357 n. 20

National Grain Board (Junta Nacional de Granos, JNG), 258 , 260

National Grid PLC, 362 National Housing Fund (Fondo Nacional de la

Vivienda, FONAVI), 96 , 190 national industry, destruction of, 219 National Institute of Economic Planning, 334 National Institute of Statistics and Censuses

(Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, INDEC), 241 , 331

National Lead, 159 , 169 , 206 , 211 , 240 National Prosecutor’s Offi ce for Administrative

Investigations (Fiscalía Nacional de Investigaciones Administrativas, FNIA), 297 n. 19 , 298 , 302

National Rural Work Regime Act (Law 22, 248), 222 , 259

National Secretariat of Human Rights, 2 , 164 – 165 , 173 , 175 , 197 , 197 n. 29 , 278 , 303 , 316 , 365

National Security Act (Law 20, 840), 13 , 196 , 272 , 275 – 276 , 279 , 282 – 283

National Securities Commission (Comisión Nacional de Valores, CNV), 2 , 13 , 15 , 153 – 154 , 272 , 274 , 277 – 291 , 298 , 365






Index388

National Security Doctrine, 10 , 65 , 66 – 68 , 80 , 81 National Steel Industry Plan, 176ss , 246 n. 9 National Supreme Court of Justice (Corte

Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, CSJN), 4 , 135 , 144 , 145 – 148 , 163 , 358 , 361 , 363 , 371 n. 18

National Treasury Agency (Procuración del Tesoro de la Nación), 296 n. 14 , 352 n. 1

Naval Mechanics School (Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada, ESMA), 199 , 314 , 328 , 342 n. 8

Navarro Heredia, 178 Navarro, Antonio, 204 Nebbia, José, 308 Nehru, Sri Pandit, 63 “Noche de los tubos” (Night of the Pipes), 179 Naval Operations Commander, 325 Nazi regime, 2 – 3 , 6 n. 22 , 120 , 122 , 132 , 148 – 149 ,

166 , 323 , 371 neoliberal economic model, 5 , 55 – 60 , 82 , 103 , 181 ,

196 , 217 , 265 , 343 , 350 , 352 – 353 neoliberal economic thinking, 53 n. 14 , 69 neoliberalism, 53 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 103 , 350 , 351–353ss Never Again (“Nunca más”), 6 , 38 , 153 new accumulation model, 10 , 75 – 89 , 76 n. 2 , 235 ,

236 , 239 – 240 , 248 , 250 – 252 , 275 , 280 , 314 new civil society coalitions, 28 new pattern of accumulation, deindustrialization,

and the decline of the working class, 10 , 12 , 75ss , 83 , 88 , 109 , 213 – 214 , 242 , 245 , 248 , 250 , 251

New York City Bar Association, 355 – 356 Newsprint and Cellulose Production Fund

(Fondo de Producción de Papel Prensa y Celulosa), 296 , 316

Nicholson, Federico, 240 Nigeria, 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 62 Nixon, Richard, 66 , 68 NKK (Japón), 180 “Night of the Blackout” ( Noche del Apagón ,

Ledesma), 39 , 197 Noel, 247 Nogués Hermanos, 247 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), 63 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 63 Novak, Jorge, 326 Nueva Presencia , 321 – 322 Numismática Liberty, 288 , 289 Núñez, Diego, 167 , 169 , 210 Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, 2 ,

6 n. 22 , 20 , 129 , 132 , 138 n. 20 , 139 Nuremberg judgments, 295 Nuremberg-Fuerth public prosecutor, 168 – 169

O’Donnell, Guillermo, 239 n. 4 O’Farrell law fi rm, 361 – 362 O’Farrell, Ernesto, 357 O’Farrell, Uriel, 362 Obregón Cano, Ricardo, 204 Ocampo, Juan M., 256 Oddone group, 271 Oddone, Luis Alberto, 273 , 274 “oil crisis” (1973), 66 oligarchy, 75 , 81 , 82 , 82 n. 16 , 85 , 177 , 351 oligopolistic capitals. See concentration Olivares case (1988), 145 – 147 Olivera Pastor, Carlos, 187 Olivera, Jorge, 350 Olivetti, 245 n. 8 Omaechevarría, Ángel Rubén, 172 Onganía, Juan Carlos, 52 , 81 , 85 , 278 , 296 ,

316 , 360 Operation Cóndor, 167 – 168 Ordóñez, Manuel V., 357 Organization of American States (OAS), 64 ,

69 , 313 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

(OPEC), 66 orthodox peronism, 176 orthodox unionism, 12 , 170 , 202 , 202 n. 1 , 204 ,

208 , 211 Ortiz, Roberto M., 330 Ortolani, Umberto, 344 Otero, Ricardo, 182 Oto Melara, 347 Ottone, Piero, 345 outfl ow of capital. See capital fl ight ; local

capital fl ight Overseas Private Investment Corporation

(OPIC), 112 Oxenford, Eduardo, 240

Palacios, Julio, 177 Palazzani, Miguel, 308 Palestine, 20 Pan American (oil, gas, electricity),

359 n. 29 , 360 Papaleo, Lidia, 282 , 297 n. 19 , 299 , 316 , 316 n. 19 Papaleo, Osvaldo, 316 n. 19 Papel del Tucumán, 98 n. 9 , 362 Papel Prensa SACIFyM, 2 , 13 , 98 n. 9 , 153 , 175 ,

279 , 285 , 286 , 292 , 293 , 295 – 301 , 303 , 311 , 312 , 315 – 318 , 321 , 365

Para Ti , 314 Partel, Glauco, 348






Index 389

Pasquale Ammirati, 348 Pasquale Pugliese, 346 , 346 n. 17 patterns of economic inequality and

exclusion, 19 Paul VI, 332 Paz, José C., 318 peasant activists, 19 People’s Revolutionary Army (Ejército

Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP), 289 Pereda, Celedonio, 254 , 259 , 351 Pérez Alati, Grondona (h), Benites, Arntsen &

Martínez de Hoz (h) law fi rm (PAGBAM Abogados), 360

Pérez Companc, grupo, 82 , 86 , 86 n. 22 , 86 n. 23 , 246 , 247

“peripheral privatization”, 85 , 245 Permanent Assembly of Business Associations

(Asamblea Permanente de Entidades Gremiales Empresarias, APEGE), 181 , 217 – 218 , 218 n. 3

Perón, Juan Domingo, 52 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 81 , 181 , 217 , 330 , 341 , 343

Perón, Juan, third presidency of, 52 – 53 , 67 , 76 – 78 , 80 , 177 , 180 – 181

Peronism Peronism, defeat of (1955), 64 , 330 Peronism, defeat of and IMF adjustment, 79 Peronism, fi rst peronist administrations, 81 , 213 Peronism, model plan of the import

substitution, 75 – 78 peronists, 51 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 202 , 343 Peronist Working Youth (Juventud Trabajadora

Peronista, JTP), 80 Perosino, Celeste, 277 Perriaux, group, 269 , 278 n. 2 Perriaux, Jaime, 53 Perrotta, Francisco G., 162 Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission

(Comisión Peruana de la Verdad y Reconciliación, CPVR), 24

Pescarmona, 98 n. 9 Petracchi, Enrique, 146 Petrolífera del Carmen, 98 n. 9 Petropol, 98 n. 9 Petroquímica Bahía Blanca, 98 n. 9 Philippines courts, 26 Picciuolo, José Luis, 332 Pinedo, Federido, 253 Pinochet, Augusto,

genocidal regime of, 54 , 113 , 114 , 236 , 366 Piripipí , 288

Pironio, Eduardo, 331 , 332 Pius XII, 323 Plaza, Antonio, 327 Plunkett, A., 240 Pluspetrol, 98 n. 9 Podestá, Raymundo, 240 Polisur, 98 n. 9 political rights in transitional justice, 9 , 21 , 24 – 25 ,

115 , 297 , 339 Ponce de León, Carlos, 336 popular resistance, 76 , 79 – 80 , 182 , 210 , 321 Portantiero, Juan Carlos, 76 n. 2 , 352 Portillo, Arcelia Luján de, 160 , 160 n. 2 postwar industrialization model. See substitution

industrialization model post-WWII trials. See substitution

industrialization model Pou, Pedro, 56 Poulantzas, Nicos, 82 n. 17 Poviña, Fernando, 187 , 191 Primatesta, Raúl F., 325 , 327 , 331 , 332 , 332 n. 55 ,

335 , 336 Principe, Michele, 348 Prisant, Osvaldo, 286 , 287 , 288 “private initiative”. See kidnapping Privatizations, 7 , 79 , 85 , 86 n. 22 , 90 , 103 – 104 , 107 ,

178 , 180 , 198 , 245 , 264 , 315 , 362 privatizing public assets, 107 , 181 , 262 , 265 process of concentration and centralization

of capital in industry. See centralization and concentration of capital ; refounding project

“Process of National Reorganization”, 48 , 49 , 212 , 217 , 230 , 260

Professional Associations Act (Law 21, 356), 257 . See also Workers’ Union Associations Act (Ley de Asociaciones Gremiales de Trabajadores, Law 22, 105)

Propaganda Due Masonic lodge (P-2), 14 , 340 , 342 , 343 , 344 , 345 , 347 , 348 , 349 , 350

Vatican and P-2, 344 – 345 Propulsora Siderúrgica, 11 , 179 , 180 Propyme, 359 n. 29 protest movements, 236 . See also Cordobazo Protocol of San Salvador, 21 , 21 n. 5 public sector’s debt, 85 , 94 , 100 , 103 , 358 .

See also external debt Public Finances, 85 – 104 Puca Prota, Fernando, 240 Pugliese, Pasquale, 346 purchasing loyalties, 5 , 106 – 110






Index390

Quarracino, Antonio, 335 Questa, Juan, 341 n. 4

Radical Civic Union (Unión Cívica Radical, UCR), 81 . See also Yrigoyen, Hipólito

Radio Colonia, 322 Rafael Sarmiento Federal Court (Juzgado Federal

de Rafael Sarmiento), 283 Rafecas, Daniel E., 163 , 283 RAI, 349 railroad restructure plan, 79 railroads workers’ unions, 215 Raldeme SA, 287 Ramanathan, Usha, 119 Rampoldi, Carlos, 183 Rattagan, Macchiavello, Arocena & Peña

Robirosa, 361 Ratto, Héctor A., 167 , 168 , 210 Ratto, Juan José, 210 Reagan, Ronald, 67 , 70 , 113 Reche, Pedro, 177 redistribution of income away from workers,

82 – 85 , 89 redistributive social policies, 269 – 270 refounding project, 7 , 90 , 201 , 216 , 235 – 252 , 295 regressive income redistribution, 7 , 91 , 99 ,

240 , 248 regressive restructuring of the industrial sector,

76 , 249 n. 11 Regueiro, Miguel, 336 Rei, Víctor Enrique, 283 , 286 n. 25 Reimer, Esteban, 210 Renault Argentina. See IKA-Renault Renault and Ericsson, 240 reparations programs, 15 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 31 ,

33 n. 9 , 41 , 135 , 141 , 151 , 154 , 170 – 171 , 363 , 368 – 369 , 371

repression of workers, 1 , 160 , 170 , 174 , 181 – 185 , 197 , 205 , 215 . See also Ledesma ; Ford ; Mercedes Benz ; Acindar ; Techint ; Villa Constitución ; Sociedad Mixta Siderúrgica Argentina (SOMISA)

repressive apparatus, support of, spending in the military and police sectors, 10 , 29 , 41 – 42 , 43 , 110 – 111 , 114 , 138 , 185 , 189 , 214 , 253 , 289

re-primarize the economy, 12 , 253 . See also deindustrialization, process of

resources drained, 58 , 88 . See also capital fl ight ; local capital fl ight

responsibility for complicity, 11 , 129 , 130 – 142 , 144 , 370 – 372

of corporate executives in crimes against humanity, 173

of the lenders, 105 Revolutionary Communist Party (Partido

Comunista Revolucionario, PCR), 203 Rey, Luis Alberto, 316 RGA, US reinsurance company, 360 Righi, Esteban, 363 right to strike, 83 , 220 , 221 , 224 , 257 “right to truth”, 23 , 41 rights, curtailment of, 7 , 12 , 230 right-wing party, inexistence of, 50 – 51 Rivadavia, Bernardino, 324 Riveros, Santiago Omar, 172 Rizzoli publishing group, 345 , 348 Roberts, group, 240 Robledo, Ángel Federico, 206 n. 7 Roca, Eduardo, 360 Rocamora, Alberto, 182 Rocca family, 179 – 180 Rocca, Agostino, 179 , 180 , 342 Rocca, Paolo, 180 Rocca, Roberto, 179 , 180 Rockefeller, David, 69 Rockefeller, Nelson, 69 Rodrigazo , 91 , 254 Rodrigo, Celestino, 206 , 254 , 343 Rodríguez Galán, Alberto, 352 Rodríguez Varela, Alberto, 270 , 356 Rodríguez, Carlos, 56 Rodríguez, José, 166 , 203 – 206 , 209 , 210 , 211 Romero, Roque, 203 Rosariazo . See protest movements Roualdes, Roberto Leopoldo, 283 , 286 n. 25 Rouquié, Alain, 51 , 51 n. 9 Rubinstein, Jorge, 299 , 316 n. 19 Rucci, José Ignacio, 202 Ruckauf, Carlos, 169 , 206 , 206 n. 7 Ruescas, Carlos, 177 Ruggie, John, 3 , 27 Rural Confederations of Argentina. See Argentine

Rural Confederations

Sadeco textile group, 273 Sade-General Electric, 86 n. 22 Saiar-Peugeot, 239 Saiegh group, 13 , 271 , 290 Saiegh, Eduardo, 273 , 286 , 287 Saint Thomas Aquinas’theology, 325 ,

328 , 337 Saint-Jean, Manuel Ibérico, 356






Index 391

Saint-Jean, Oscar Alfredo, 356 Salaberren, Raúl P., 256 Salaberry, Raúl, 270 Salamanca, René, 203 , 204 , 205 , 215 Sales of confl ict diamonds, 25 , 27 , 120 – 121 , 125 Salta Federal Court (Cámara Federal de Salta,

2013), 171 San Justo Investigations Brigade, 167 – 168 San Martín del Tabacal, 247 Sánchez Reisse, Leandro, 286 n. 25 , 287 Santa Rosa, 176 , 178 , 246 n. 9 Satragno, Lidia (Pinky), 319 Saur International SA, 361 Scilingo, Adolfo, 325 n. 12 Shaw and Renault, 240 Schcolnik, 247 Schell, Orville H., 355 Schiller, Herman, 321 , 322 Seaton, Edward, 320 second import substitution stage, 77 – 79 , 82 ,

175 , 213 Second Special Stable War Council (Consejo

Especial de Guerra Estable no. 2), 300 Second World War, 20 , 61 – 62 , 64 , 120 , 122 ,

132 n. 7 , 149 , 162 , 175 , 177 , 179 Second World War and Japanese companies,

149 – 150 Secretariat of Human Rights of the Province

of Buenos Aires (Secretaría de Derechos Humanos de la provincia de Buenos Aires), 173

Selenia, 348 Sempra Energy, 359 , 361 Serantes, Eduardo, 334 Serfi co SA, 287 Shaw, grupo, 240 SIAM, 180 Siat (SIAM pipe plant), 180 Sibilla, Héctor F., 162 , 164 , 165 Sica, Jorge, 164 Sicouri, Lucien, 349 Siderca, 177 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 184 , 218 n. 3 , 239 Sidicaro, Ricardo, 312 Sidor, 181 Siemens, 351 , 359 , 361 Sierra Leone Truth Commission, 3 , 25 – 26 Sigaut, Lorenzo, 262 , 263 Sikkink, Kathryn, 135 Sindicato de Artes Gráfi cas, 307 Sindona, Michele, 344 Sivila, Juan Manuel, 197

60 minutos , 319 601 Battalion, 287 – 288 601 Battalion and Combal case, 288 Sixty-two organizations (62 Organizaciones), 205 Smart, Jaime Lamont 189 , 270 , 356 SMATA. See Union of Automotive Transport

Mechanics and Related Workers SMATA-Córdoba, 203 – 206 , 215 . See also

Cordobazo ; Salamanca, René Smith, Adam, 339 , 347 Soccer World Cup (1978), 97 Soccer World Youth Cup (1979), 313 social demands, repressing, 92 social spending, decentralization and reduction

of, 97 , 100 Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa (SIP), 307 ,

318 , 320 , 321 Sociedad Mixta Siderúrgica Argentina

(SOMISA), 176 – 179 , 246 n. 9 socioeconomic rights in transitional justice, 25 ,

25 n. 16 socioeconomic structure established, 239 Socio-Historical Research Center (Centro de

Investigaciones Socio Históricas, CISH), 53 n. 13

SOCMA group, 86 n. 23 , 98 n. 9 Soft law on transitional justice, 21 , 32 Solanet Estrada, Alberto Emilio, 334 Solanet Estrada, Manuel, 279 , 334 Solano Lima, Vicente, 343 Soldati group (formerly Brown Boveri), 86 ,

86 n. 23 , 240 , 246 , 247 Soldati, Francisco, 240 Somoza, Carlos Eduardo José, 172 South Africa courts, 26 South Africa, 3 , 20 , 22 , 23 – 24 , 27 n. 18 , 30 South Africa’s apartheid justice system, 357 “South African Apartheid Litigation”, 137 South African Truth and Reconciliation

Commission (TRC), 24 , 30 , 125 Soviet Union (USSR), 61 , 63 – 65 , 70 – 71

embargo and Argentina grain exports, 70 invasion of Afghanistan, 70

Space for Memory, 199 Spadolini, Giovanni, 348 , 349 , 350 Special Unit for Investigating Economically

Motivated Crimes Against Humanity (by the National Secretariat of Human Rights), 2 , 365

speculative behaviors, 58 Spinoza, Julio, 284






Index392

Stancanelli, Néstor, 342 n. 8 Standardized World Income Inequality Database

(SWIID), 104 n. 20 Stanton, Gregory, 295 n. 8 state

and trade unions, 52 – 53 , 65 , 214 , 220 , 221 , 239 , 257 bankrupt, 58 – 59 , 273 companies, damage or liquidation of, 55 , 85 ,

244 n. 7 , 261 property, selling off of, 219 role of the, 10 , 22 – 23 , 65 , 103 – 104 , 236 , 259 , 315 shrinking of the, 96 , 103 , 218 – 222 , 225 , 249 , 312

state-owned companies deterioration of the fi nancial situation of, 90 restructure of, 85 , 219

State Internal Unrest Plan (Conmoción Interna del Estado, CONINTES Plan), 79

“statism”, 54 “statizing interventionism”, 90 . See also

interventionist state “statizing” policies, 262 , 264 – 265 statute of limitations, 19 , 40 – 41 , 142 , 143 – 155 , 163 , 317 Statute of the Process of National

Reorganization, 310 Steinhardt, Ralph G., 119 Stock exchange, 278 n. 3 , 283

Buenos Aires Stock Exchange, 32 , 237 Tucumán Stock Exchange, 281

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 348

Suárez Mason, Carlos Guillermo, 283 , 341 n. 4 , 345 , 348 , 350

“subversion” and “subversive”, concepts of and war against, 80 , 111 , 210 , 254 , 258 , 271 , 275 , 277ss , 288 – 289 , 291

Sudamtex, 245 n. 8 Sukarno, Achmed, 63 Supreme Court of Justice of the Province of

Buenos Aires (Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, SCBA), 148

symbiotic relationship between the company and state repression, 193 – 194

tablita exchange scheme, 84 , 91 , 101 , 108 – 109 , 241 , 262 , 280

or crawling peg, 57 Tacuara, 324 Tamet, 178 Tansa, 180 Tarnopolsky, Daniel, 145 , 146 , 147 Tasselkraut, Juan, 167 , 168 Taub family, 288

Taub, Luis, 289 Tawil, Guido, 361 Teachers’ Statute, 83 , 329 – 330 Techint group, 11 , 82 , 86 n. 22 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 178 ,

179 , 180 , 185 , 238 , 246 , 247 , 251 n. 15 , 342 Teinver, Transporte de Cercanías SA, 362 Terán Nougués, Pablo, 240 Tesch, Bruno, 132 Thatcher, Margaret, 67 “theory of the two devils”, 23 Think tank, 8 , 55 , 55 n. 19 , 56 , 60 , 294 , 302 – 303 .

See also Ideas Third World, 58 , 62 – 64 , 66 – 67 , 70 – 71 , 213 ,

249 n. 11 , 307 , 319 . See also Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

Tía Vicenta , 272 Tibaldi, Augusto, 341 Timerman, Héctor, 256 Timerman, Jacobo, 256 , 325 n. 13 Timerman, Javier, 256 Tito (Josip Broz), 63 Tonso, Carlos, 177 Toranzo Montero, Carlos S., 81 n. 14 Torres, Elpidio, 203 Torrisi, Giovanni, 347 Tortolo, Adolfo, 324 , 325 Tosco, Agustín, 203 , 205 trade unionism, 67 , 176

and dictatorship, 201 trade union delegates, 160 , 163 , 165 – 166 , 171 ,

208 , 211 , 213 – 214 , 222 trade unions, breaking up, 92

traditional exporters, 68 transfer of wealth, from the public sector to the

private sector, 26 , 101 , 222 – 223 , 249 , 264 , 343 transitional justice, 6 , 8 – 9 , 8 n. 27 , 19 – 28 , 29 – 44 ,

105 , 116 , 151 , 154 , 269 n. 2 , 364 , 367 , 371 , 372 transitional measures, 370 – 371 transportation workers’ unions, 159 Trelew massacre, 360 Triple A. See Argentine Anticommunist Alliance Troiani, Pedro N., 160 n. 1 , 162 , 163 , 206 , 208 Truth Trials in the La Plata courts, 167 , 169 , 172 ,

189 , 290 , 293 n. 2 , 296 n. 14 truth commission, 3 , 4 , 16 n. 19 , 19 – 20 , 22 , 23 – 24 ,

25 – 28 , 30 , 32 – 33 , 365 truth-telling, 23 , 31 , 42 , 44 TSA Spectrum, 360 Tucumán Sugar Industry Workers’ Federation

(Federación Obrera Tucumana de la Industria del Azúcar, FOTIA), 205

Tucumanazo . See protest movements






Index 393

Tupamaros movement, 289 Tutu, Desmond, 24 n. 15

UN General Assembly Resolution 60/147 (2006), 140 , 151

UN Human Rights Council, 3 , 22 n. 8 , 26 , 27 , 27 n. 28 , 31 , 41 , 132 , 134 n. 12 , 144 n. 1

União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA), 125

Unidad Popular (Chile), 67 Union healthcare programs, 187 , 192 , 195 , 209 ,

220 , 222 Union of Automotive Transport Mechanics and

Related Workers (Sindicato de Mecánicos y Afi nes del Transporte Automotor, SMATA), 12 , 159 , 162 , 166 , 169 , 170 , 202 – 206 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 213 , 215

Union of electricity workers (Sindicato de Luz y Fuerza), 203

Union of Sugar Workers and Employees of Ingenio Ledesma (Sindicato de Obreros y Empleados del Azúcar del Ingenio Ledesma, SOEAIL), 187 , 190 , 195 , 199

unionists, 57 , 120 , 128 , 143 , 160 , 167 , 169 , 173 , 176 , 181 , 192 , 215 , 307 – 308 , 313 , 334

United Kingdom, confl icts with. See Malvinas/Falkland war

United Nations (UN), Commission on International Trade Law

(UNCITRAL), 352 , 361 – 362 General Assembly, 140 , 151 , 369 Human Rights Commission, or UN

Commission on Human Rights, 20 – 21 , 114 , 184 , 366 – 367

Human Rights Council, 3 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 31 , 41 – 42 , 105 , 132 , 134 n. 12

United States blocked fi nancial and military aid, 114 friendly support of the, 69 interests of, 64 U.S. Congress, 69 – 70 , 112 – 113 U.S. Department of State, offi ce for Human

Rights Affairs, 69 U.S.Embassy in Buenos Aires, 68 – 70 , 68 n. 2 ,

162 , 207 , 208 , 356 U.S. government, 59 , 70 , 113m , 149 , 328 U.S. Restatement (Second) of Torts

(1979), 134 U.S. Supreme Court, 27 n. 24 , 35 , 37 – 38 , 165 ,

170 , 172 US Steel, 351

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 133

University of Chicago, 55 University of Essex (England), 115

UOM. See Metalworkers’ Union Urbaires SA, urban highways, 287 URBASER case, 361 Usiminas, 180 Usinor, 180 Uzal, 98 n. 9

Valerga Aráoz, Jorge, 191 Valori, Giancarlo Elia, 341 , 349 Valori, Leo Elia, 341 Vance, Cyrus, 112 Vandor, Augusto T., 80 , 204 Vanoli, Alejandro, 281 Vega, César de la, 341 n. 4 Velásquez Rodríguez case, 22 n. 10 , 146 Velox, 280 n. 10 Vence, Alicia, 156 , 164 Ventura, 98 n. 9 Ventura, Hugo, 210 Verbitsky, Horacio, 319 , 321 Verbo , 334 Vezzetti, Hugo, 211 , 212 Vicente, Martín, 53 Vicente, Oscar, 86 n. 22 Videla, Jorge Rafael, 54 , 68 , 88 , 109 , 218 , 256 ,

259 , 262 , 273 , 313 , 314 , 325 – 336 , 346 , 349 , 356

Vienna Conference on Human Rights, 21 Vietnam, 62 Vignes, Alberto, 341 n. 4 , 342 Villa Constitución, 11 , 176 – 184 , 205 , 205 n. 6 Villber, 183 Villone, José María, 341 n. 4 Viola, Roberto, 88 , 257 , 262 , 354 Vitoria, Francisco de, 325 Vivendi Universal, 362 Vizzini, José, 210 Volando, Humberto, 257 , 263 Volkswagen, 210 Von Hayek, Friedrich, 53 Von Mises, Ludwig, 53 Von Wernich, Christian, 336 Vottero, Tomás, 206 n. 7

wages, freezing of, 92 , 351 wages, steep drop in real, 92 , 222 Walsh, Rodolfo, 321 , 351 Wall Street, 355 , 356






Index394

“Warfare on the Factory Floor”. See “industrial” or “factory” guerrilla/terrorism

“Washington consensus”, 24 , 352 Wast, Hugo. See Gustavo Martínez Zuviría Weber, Gabriela, 168 , 169 Weber, Max, 48 Weisz, Jorge O., 187 Werthein, group, 247 Whitman Rostow, Walter, 20 Williams, Paul, 287 Wintershall, (German oil company), 360 workers rights, suppression of, 217 – 231 workers

disappearance of, 2 , 5 , 11 , 16 , 19 – 20 , 40 – 42 , 161 , 162 n. 5 , 167 , 169 , 170 – 171 , 174 – 175 , 183 , 187 , 190 , 195 , 198 , 205 , 214 , 215 , 228 , 279 , 307 – 308 , 368 . See also accomplice in the kidnapping and torturing of workers and trade union members ; kidnapping of workers and trade union delegate

displacement of, 10 , 83 economic and political participation of, 12 , 67 ,

83 , 85 , 195 , 219 , 224 , 226 , 230 – 231 , 236 – 237 , 255 , 351

Workers’ Union Associations Act (Ley de Asociaciones Gremiales de Trabajadores, Law 22, 105) 222

working class and casualization of work, 252 and fragmentation, 252 and low wages, 103 , 252 , 313

and participation in national income, 83 , 213 , 240 , 252 , 351

and unemployment, 197 , 236 , 252 , 351 disciplining of the, 7 , 11 , 49 , 54 , 64 , 66 , 67 ,

83 , 185 , 214 , 217 , 219 , 230 , 236 n. 3 , 239 , 240 , 252 , 293

Working Group on Corporate Responsibility at the Human Rights Council, 27

World Bank, 27 n. 22 , 62 , 79 n. 10 , 79 n. 11 , 88 , 351

World Bank’s International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), 352 n. 1 , 353 – 355 , 358 – 362

Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (State Oil Company, YPF), 85 , 86 , 86 n. 21 , 86 n. 22 , 86 n. 23 , 240 , 348

Yaciretá, 97 , 354 Yajl, Juan Manuel, 164 Young & Rubicam, 312 Yrigoyen, Hipólito, 253

Zabalía, Pedro León, 286 Zaffaroni, Raúl, 363 Zárate-Campana, 179 , 184 Zas, Oscar, 148 Zinn, Ricardo, 53 , 264 Zitelli, Eugenio, 336 Zorraquín, 238 , 240 , 246 , 247 Zorreguieta, Jorge, 256 , 335 Zorreguieta, Máxima, 335






Documents

Index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97811071/14197/index/9781107114197_index.pdf · Aceros Bragado, 98–99 n.9 , 247 Acevedo ... 374 Index Alliance for Progress,