A Aarskog syndrome, 1029 Aase-Smith syndrome, 1029 Aase syndrome, 1029 Abduction, 125 Abetalipoproteinemia, 101, 1029 Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome,

1029 Abnormal visual development, 158 Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome, 1029 Acanthamoeba, 399, 400

keratitis, 399-400 Acanthocytosis, 1022 Accommodative convergence, 155,

225 to accommodation ratio,

measuring, 198-199 near reflex, 155

Accommodative esotropia, 213-214 infantile, 218-219

Achiasmia, 111 Achromatopsia, 103, 1016 Acid bum, 77 Acid solutions, 86 Acrocallosal syndrome, Schinzel

type, 1029 Acrocephalopolydactylous dysplasia,

1029 Acrocephalopolysyndactyly, 1032,

1040 Acrocephaloysyndactyly, 1049, 1051 Acrodysostosis, 10029 Acrofacial dysostosis, 1047 Acrofacial dysplasia, 1039 Acro-fronto-facio-nasal dysostosis

syndrome, 1029 Acromegaloid facial appearance

syndrome, 1029 Acromegaloid phenotype-cutis

verticis gyrata-comeal leukoma, 1029

Acro-osteolysis syndrome, 1040 Active forced-generation test, 202 Active stimulation, amblyopia, 170 Acuity

binocular, 965 neuro-ophthalmology exam,

865-866 testing, low-illumination, 866-867

Acute retinal necrosis syndrome, 510

Index

Adam complex, 732-733 Adduction, 125 Adhesive syndrome, 255 Adie's tonic pupil, 1013 Adjustable suture techniques, 279 Adolescent chlamydial

conjunctivitis, 339 Adrenochrome, 363 Adrenoleukodystrophy, 977-978

neonatal, 977 Afferent pupillary defect, 867-868 Afterimage test, 185-186 Aglossia-adactyly syndrome, 1048 Agnathia-holoprosencephaly, 33 Agonist, 125 Agyria, 941 Aicardi's syndrome, 720, 823-824,

931, 932-933 AIDS

ocular manifestations of, 514-515 opportunistic ocular infections,

635-636 Airbag trauma, 88 Alacrima, 314, 348

congenital, 348 Alagille's syndrome, 371 Albers-Schonberg disease, 758-759 Albinism, 1ll-112, 749-750,

1016-1017 Albright's syndrome, 329 Alignment, neonatal, 157-158

eye movement development, 158 smooth pursuit asymmetry, 158

Alkahne bum, 77 Alkahne solutions, 85 Alkaptonuria, 406, 750 Allagille syndrome, 664 Allergie conjunctivitis, 343-346

atopic jeratoconjunctivitis, 345-346

giant papillary conjunctivitis, 345 seasonal allergic conjunctivitis,

343-344 vemal conjunctivitis, 344-345

Allergie granulomatosis, 572 Allgrove syndrome, 352 Alopecia, 639 Alphabet pattems, 232-249

A-pattem, 232-234, 232-248, 233 arrow pattem, 232

lambda pattem, 233 V-pattern, 232 X-pattern, 233 Y-pattem, 232

Alport's syndrome, 451, 464, 665, 824-826

Alstrom syndrome, 103, 548, 661, 826-827

Altematecover testing, 195 Alternates fixation, 164 Amaurosis, Leber's, 546-547 Amblyopia, 123-296

assessment, 190 associated with cataract, 471 classification of, 160 with congenital-infantile esotropia,

206 diagnosis, 163-166 fixation testing for, 164-166 functional, 159 hypermetropic, bilateral, 162 organic, 159 pathophysiology, 160 prognosis, 170 prognosis of, 170 strabismis, 160-161 treatment, 167-170 unilateral pattem distortion,

161-162 vision screening, 166-167 visual evoked potentials, 113-115

Amblyopia ex anopsia, 159 Amblyopic vision, 163 Amblyoscope, 184-185 Amblys, 159 American Cancer Society, 75 American Foundation for Blind, 76 American Printing House for Blind,

76 Ametropie amblyopia, 162 Amniocele, 315 Amniotic band syndrome, 300,

732-733 Amniotic rupture sequence, 732-733 Amniotocele, 315-316, 338 Amplification, electroretinogram, 94 Amyloid, 407

lid, 310 Amyloidosis, 407 Anemia, 573

1059

1060

Anencephaly, 33-34, 1022 Anesthesia, examination under, 60 Aneuploidy, 678, 694 Angelman syndrome, 1036 Angioedema, lid, 310 Angioid streaks, 566, 660-661, 740 Angio-Osteohypertrophy syndrome,

1043 Angiotensin-converting enzyme, 630 Angle kappa, testing, 192-193 Angle of anomaly, 176, 185 Angle recession, 84-85 Angular conjunctivitis, 339 Aniridia, 434-436, 493-494, 659 Aniridia-cerbellar ataxia-mental

deficiency, 1039 Aniseikonia, 172 Anisocoria, 868-869, 1011-1015

Adie's tonic pupil, 1013 atropine mydriasis, 1013-1014 causes of, 1012 neuroanatomy, 1011 parasympathetic lesions, 1013 simple ansiocoria, 1012 sympathetic lesions, 1012-1013 third nerve palsy, 1 013

Anisometropia, retinopathy of prematurity, 611-612

Anisametropie amblyopia, 162 Ankyloblepharon, 303 Anomalaus head posturing, 967 Anomalaus retinal correspondence,

163, 175-177 Anophthalmia, 386-387 Anophthalmos, 383, 386 Antagonist, 125 Anterior blepharitis, 346 Anterior cataract, 450-452 Anterior chamber, 17-18 Anterior chamber angle, 43-44

development of, 43-44 Anterior chamber washout, 82 Anterior membrane dystrophy, 410 Anterior polar cataract, 450-451 Anterior pyramidal cataract, 451 Anterior scleritis, diffuse, 515 Anterior segment

dysgenesis, 29-30, 378 trauma, nonperforating, 84-85 vascular supply, 138-139

Anterior segment developmental anomalies, 369-375

4q25, 373-374 6p25, 373 13q14, 373 acquired ectropion, 3 7 4 Alagille's syndrome, 371 Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome,

371-373 Axenfeld's anomaly, 372 congenital iris ectropion, 374-375 comea, 391

INDEX

embryology, 369-3 70 iris ectropion, 3 7 4 iris hypoplasia, 371 mesenchymal dysgenesis, 369 posterior embryotoxon, 370-371 primary congenital glaucoma, 375 Rieger's anomaly, 372

Anterior segment disease, 333-480 Anterior subcapsular cataract,

451-452 Antiepileptic medication, 110 Antisaccades, 876 Antisuppression, 178 A-pattems, 232-248, 283 Apert syndrome, 714-715 Aphakia, 469-4 72 Aphakic glaucoma, 495-496 Aphakic spectacles, 4 71 Aplasia, 661

extraocular muscles, 2 70 Aplasia cutis congenita, 1022 Arachnodactyly, 741, 1022 Arachnoid cysts, 952 Arden ratio, 529 Argyria, 1022 Argyrosis, 363 Arhinencephaly, 1022 Arnold-Chiari malformation,

993-995 Arrow pattem, 232 Arthritis

juvenile chronic, 501-503 juvenile idiopathic, 501-503 juvenile rheumatoid, 501-503,

631-632 Arthrogryposis, 1022 Arthro-ophthalmopathy, hereditary

progressive, 557, 746, 1053 Arylsulfatase-A, 974 Aspartoacylase deficiency, 982 Aspergillus, 403, 516 Asphyxia, 944 Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia, 666 Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy,

1042 Association for Macular Diseases, 76 Association for Retarded Citizens of

u.s., 76 Astigmatism, retinopathy of

prematurity, 611-612 Astrocytic hamartoma, 581 Astrocytoma, 946

of brainstem, 947 of cerebellum, 947 of cerebrum, 94 7 of hypothalamus, 947 of optic nerve, 947

Ataxia syndromes, hereditary, 984-985

Ataxia telangiectasia, 777-778, 985, 1031

Atopic jeratoconjunctivitis, 345-346

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis, 345 Atrophy

dominant optic, 109 gyrate, 101, 664 hemifacial, 991-993 hereditary optic, 109 iris, 376

Atropine mydriasis, 1013-1014 Atropine penalization, 169 ATR-X-syndrome, 1057 Autoimmune myasthenia gravis,

898-901 botulism, 901

Autorefractors, 66 Autosomal dominant keratitis, 394 Autosomal dominant neovascular

inflammatory vitreoretinopathy, 563-564

Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, 545

Autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, 563-564

Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, 545-546

Avellino dystrophy, 412 Avitaminosis A, 401 Axenfeld anomaly, 433 Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly, 1031 Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, 371-373,

433, 434 Axenfeld's anomaly, 372, 494 Axenfeld's syndrome, 494 Axes of Fick, 140 Axiallength, 39

B Bacillus, 516 Bacterial conjunctivitis, 338-340

adolescent chlamydial conjunctivitis, 339

angular conjunctivitis, 339 haemophilus influenzae, 339 Parinaud's oculoglandular

syndrome, 339-340 Bacterial diseases, 845-849

cat scratch disease, 845-846 Lyme disease, 846-847 syphilis, 847-849

Bacterial keratitis, 339, 399, 402 Bacterial meningitis, 945 Bagolini lenses, 183 Bagolini striated lens test, 17 4 Baller-Gerold syndrome, 1031 Band keratopathy, 407 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba

syndrome, 1031 Bannayan syndrome, 1031 Bardet-Biedl syndrome, 101, 548,

662, 666, 1031 Barkan's membrane, 487 Bartonella henselae, 340, 845, 846

Bartonella henselae, 845, 846 Basal encephalocele, 924 Basilar impression syndromes, 993,

997-999 Bassen-Komzweig disease, 1029 Bathocephaly, 1022 Batten-Mayou disease, 975 Batten's disease, 105, 112, 975-976,

1016 Battered child syndrome, 77-79 Beals' syndrome, 1031 Bear tracks, 577, 578, 582 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome,

1031 Behcet's disease, 512-513 Beibomian gland dysfunction, 348 Berardinelli-Lipodystrophy

syndrome, 1032 Berardinelli-Seip Congenital

Lipodystrophy syndrome, 1032 Bergmeister's papilla, formation of, 21 Berlin's edema. See Commotio

retinae Berman's syndrome, 1052 Bemheimer-Seiteberger disease, 1039 Best's disease, 103, 528-530 Best's vitelliform dystrophy, 528 Beta-glucuronidase deficiency, 1046 Bicolor iris, 437-442 Bielschowsky head tilt test, 234-235 Bifocals, hypermetropic

accommodative esotropia, 215-216

Bifoveal fusion, 148 Bilaterallesions, posterior pole,

525-526 Binocular acuity, 965 Binocular cortical cells, 144 Binocular cortical neurons, 157 Binocular fusion, 144 Binocular infantile cataracts,

472-473 Binocular vision, 144-156

bifoveal fusion, 148 monocular depth perception, 148 motor fusion, 149 physiological diplopia, 145-146 rivalry, 148-149 sensory fusion, 144-149 stereo acuity testing, 146-148

contour stereo acuity test, 147 random dot stereo acuity test,

147-148 stereoscopic vision, 144-145

Binocular visual development, 157 Binocular visual evoked potential, 96 Bird-headed dwarfism, 1052 Birth trauma, 84 Birth weight, retinopathy of

prematurity, 601 Bitot's spots, 401, 640 Black sunbursts, 566

INDEX

Blepharitis, 346-347 anterior, 346 anterior blepharitis, 346-347 extemal hordeolum, 34 7 phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis,

347 posterior, 346 staphylococcal blepharitis,

346-347 Blepharoconjunctivitis, 346

seborrheic, 347-348 Blepharophimosis, 302, 1032

familial, 1032 Blepharoptosis, 303 Blindness. See also Night blindness;

Visualloss color, 550-551 parental reactions to diagnosis of,

72-73 Bloch-Sulzherger syndrome, 752,

1042 Blood staining, comeal, 80 Blue-dot cataract, 457 Blue nevi, 365 Blue sclera, 387, 745 Blurred disc margins, 1010-1011 Blurred retinal image, bilateral,

162-163 Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann

syndrome, 1032 Borrelia, 991 Borrelia burgdorferi, 513, 846, 847 Boston-type cranisynostosis, 1032 Botulin, 290-291

congenital-infantile esotropia, 213 Botulism, 901 Bowman's membrane, formation of,

17 Brachmann-de Lange syndrome,

827-828, 1032 Brachycephaly, 1022 Brachydactyly, 1022 Brachydactyly-spherophakia

syndrome, 1056 Brain, malformation complexes,

31-33 Brain lesions, 940-953

congenital abnormalities, 940-942 cellular migration, proliferation,

941-942 disorders of, 941-942 induction disorders, 940-941

infection, 945-946 acquired infection, 945-946 congenital infection, 945

macrocephaly, 942-944 perinatal injuries, 944-945

asphyxia, 944 cranial neuropathies, 945 intracranial hemorrhage,

944-945 mechanical, 944

1061

tumors, 946-952 of congenital origin, 951-952 of glial origin, 946-950 of meningeal origin, 950-951 of neural origin, 950

Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome, 828, 1032

Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, 314, 1045

Brown's syndrome, 242, 245-248, 902

acquired, 245-246 canine tooth syndrome, 248 clinical features, 245 congenital, 245, 902

elevation deficit, 246-247 surgery, 247-248

etiology, 245 iatrogenic, 240 inflammatory, 246 silicone tendon expander, 247-248 Wright superior oblique tendon

expander, 24 7 Bruch's membrane, 523-538 Bruckner reflex test, 64, 193 Brushfield spots, 437, 683 Bulineck anomalies, 993 Bull's-Eye maculopathy, 662-663 Buphthalmos, 485 Burkitt lymphoma, 363 Bums, chemical, 85-86 Butterfly dystrophy, 531

c Caffey pseudo-Hurler syndrome,

1039 Campomelic dysplasia, 1032 Camptodactyly, 1022

left-palate-club-foot, Gordon Type, 1036

Campylobacter jejuni, 892, 893 Camurati-Enge1mann syndrome,

1032 Canadian Cerebra! Palsy

Association, 75 Canaliculi,315 Canavan's disease, 981-982 Candida, 403, 516 Candlelighters Childhood Cancer

Foundation, 75 Candle-wax drippings, 504 Canine tooth syndrome, 248 Canthaxanthine, 536 Capillary hemangioma, 308, 324,

359-360, 655 Carbidopa, amblyopia, 170 Cardiac-limb syndrome, 1041 Cardio-facio cutaneous syndrome,

1032 Carotid-cavemous fistula, 329, 574 Carpenter syndrome, 716, 1032 Cat scratch disease, 340, 845-846

1062

Cataract amblyopia associated with, 471 anterior, 450-452 bilateral, 457, 465

congenital, 45 7 patching, 467-468

bilateral patching, 467-468 binocular infantile, 472-473 central, 452-453 cerulean, 457 congenital, early surgery for, 4 72 corticosteroids and, 464 diffuse, 456-457 etiology, 457-458 glaucoma, 464 infantile, morphological

classification, 450 inheritance, 458-464 lamellar, 453 management of, 465-469 membranous, 457 monocular infantile, 472-473 morphological classification of,

450 nonsurgical treatment, 467-468 nuclear, 452 oil-drop, 456 polar, 450-451 posterior, 453-45 7 posterior capsule, 468-469 posterior subcapsular, 456 prognosis of, 472-473 pyramidal, 451 radiation, 86 rubella, 458-461 subcapsular, 451-452 sunflower, 641 surgery, 443, 468-469

complications, 471-472 early, 472 late, 473 timing of, 466-467

sutural, 452-453 systemic evaluation, 465 timing of surgery for, 466-467 total, 457 traumatic, 85 unilateral, 457-458, 465

congenital, 457-458 visual significance of, 465-466

Cat-eye syndrome, 1033 Cavemous hemangioma, 655 Cellular blue nevi, 365 Cellular migration, proliferation,

disorders of, 941-942 Central areolar pigment

epitheliopathy, 534 Central cataract, 452-453 Central nervaus system, ocular

motility disorders, 876-897 Centronuclear myopathy, congenital,

906

INDEX

Cerebellar ataxias, 109 Cerebellar paenchymal disorder, 1042 Cerebral gigantixm syndrome, 1053 Cerebral visual impairment,

1017-1018 electrophysiological testing,

1017-1018 Cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome, 979,

1057 Cerebro-oculo-facio-skelatal

syndrome, 1033 Cerebroside sulfatase, 97 4 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, 112, 548 Cerulean cataract, 45 7 Cervico-occipital proximity, diseases

of, 993 Cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome,

728-730, 1033 CFC syndrome, 1032 Chalazia, 307

lid, 307 Chalazion, 348 Chalcosis, 640

retained metallic foreign bodies, 640-641

Chandler's syndrome, 376-377 CHARGE association, 385, 706,

731-732, 828-831, 1033 CHARGE-like syndrome, 1029 Chavasse theory, 204 Check ligaments, 138 Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 658, 749 Cheese-wire, 260 Chemical bums, 85-86 Chemical conjunctivitis, 335 Chemotherapy keratoconjunctivitis,

352-353 Cheney syndrome, 1040 Cherry-red spot, 654-655 Chiari malformation, 940 Chiasmal abnormalities, 110-112 Chiasmal glioma, 110-111 Children's Oncology Group, 588 Chlamydia, 335, 399

conjunctivitis, 336-33 7 trachomatis, 336

Chloral hydrate, in patient examination, 58-59

Chlorambucil, 639 Chloroquinine, 110 Chocolate cysts, 361 Chondrodysplasia punctata, 747-748

autosomal recessive type, 1033 X-linked dominant type, 1033 X-linked recessive type, 1033

Chondrodystrophica myotonia syndrome, 1051

Choriocapillaris, 523-538 Choriretinitis, lymphocytic

choriomeningitis virus, 633 Choristomas, 356, 440

complex, 356

Choristomata, 308 Choroid, formation of, 19 Choroid plexus tumors, 950 Choroidal fissure, formation of, 12 Choroidal nevus, 576 Choroidal osteoma, 580-581 Choroidal rupture, 85 Chromosomal abnormalities, 676 Chromosomal anomalies, 675-704

aneuploidy syndromes, 694 chromosomal disease, 675-681 deletional syndromes, 684-689 duplication syndromes, 689-694 monosomy syndromes, 684 sex-determining chromosomes,

694-695 trisomy syndromes, 681-684

Chromosomal disease, basic concepts, 675-681

Chromosomes, sex-determining, 694-695

Chronic progressive extemal opthalmoplegia (CPEO), 903

Chronic progressive opthalmoplegia. See Keams-Sayre syndrome.

Chrysiasis, 363 Churg-Strauss disease, 572 Ciancia's syndrome, 208-209 Ciliary body, 18-19 Ciliospinal center of Budge, 1011 Circumscribed posterior

keratoconus, 380-381 Clarity, in communication of

diagnosis, 7 4 Clear retinal image, 167-168 Cleft lip sequence, 1033 Cleidocranial dysostosis, 1034 Cleidocranial dysplasia, 1034 Clinodactyly, 1022 Cloquet's canal, formation of, 21 Clostridium botulinum, 901 Cloudy comea, 391 Clouston's syndrome, 1034 Coat's disease, 567-569, 655 Coccidioides, 516 Cockayne syndrome, 664, 752-753,

831-833 I 1034 Coffin-Diris syndrome, 1034 Coffin-Lowry syndrome, 1034 Cogan-Reese syndrome, 377 Cogan's microcystic dystrophy, 410 Cohen syndrome, 745, 1034 Collicular plate syndrome, 882 Colloid cyst, 949 Coloboma, 13, 431-432, 680

iris-anal atresia syndrome, 1033 optic disc, 924-925

Colobomata, lid, 299-300 Color blindness, 550-551 Color vision assessment, 63

City University Color Vision Test, 63

Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic color

plates, 63 Richmond pseudoisochromatic

plates, 63 Comitant Strabismus, 155 Commotio retinae, 85 Compassion, in communication of

diagnosis, 74 Camplex choristomas, 356 Camplex strabismus, 250-2 77

dissociated vertical deviation, 270-274

incomitant Strabismus, 254-255 paralytic rectus muscles, 250-254

forced ductions, 252-253 force-generation test, 253 intraocular pressure, 253 lid fissure, 253-254 ocular restriction, 250-252 paresis, 250 restriction vs. paresis, 252-254 saccadic velocity measurements,

252 paralytic Strabismus

aplasia, extraocular muscles, 270 craniosynostosis, 270 Duane's retraction syndrome,

264-268 fourth nerve palsy, 268 inferior oblique paresis, 268 Mobius syndrome, 268-269 sinus surgery, medial rectus

muscle injury, 269-270 sixth nerve palsy, 262-264 third nerve palsy, 268 types of, 262-2 70

restrictive strabismus double elevator palsy, 257-258 extraocular muscles, congenital

fibrosis, 25 7 fat adherence, 255-256 glaucoma explants, 261-262 Grave's ophthalmopathy,

256-257 local anesthetics, myotoxic

effect of, 259-260 myopic strabismus fixus, 262 orbital floor fracture, 258-259 retinal surgery, Strabismus after,

260-261 types of, 255-262

Compound nevi, 365 Cone

dystrophy, 539-544, 549-550 progressive, 539-544

retinal conditions predominantly affecting, 103

rod activity both abnormal, 100 separation of, 91

Confusion, 172-173

INDEX

Congenital syphilis, 391 Congenital tumors, 356-358,

951-952 Conjunctiva, 41--42

development of, 41--42 Conjunctival

dacryocystorhinostomy, 319 Conjunctival epithelial

malignancies, 359 Conjunctival foreign body, 84 Conjunctival graft-vs.-host disease,

353 Conjunctival malignant melanoma,

367 Conjunctival nevi, 363-367

acquired, 365-367 congenital, 364-365 treatment of, 367

Conjunctival tumors, 356-368 anatomy, 356 congenital tumors, 356-358

dermoids, 357-358 conjunctival malignant melanoma,

367 epithelial tumors, 358-359

conjunctival epithelial malignancies, 359

epithelial inclusion cysts, 359 keratoacanthomas, 358-359

lymphoid lesions, 362-363 melanocytic lesions, 363-367

conjunctival nevi, 363-367 mesenchymal tumors, 359-362

capillary hemangioma, 359-360 juvenile xanthogranuloma,

361-362 lymphangiectasia, 360-361 lymphangioma, 361 neurofibromas, 362 neurolemmomas, 362 pyogenic granuloma, 360 rhabdomyosarcoma, 362

Conjunctivitis, 335-355 allergic conjunctivitis, 343-346 amniotocele, 338 angular, 339 bacterial conjunctivitis, 338-340 blepharitis, 346-347 chemical, 335 chemical conjunctivitis, 335 chemotherapy

keratoconjunctivitis, 352-353 chlamydial, 336-33 7 conjunctival graft-versus-host

disease, 353 giant papillary, 345 gonococcal conjunctivitis, 335-336

prophylaxis, 337-338 hay fever, 343-344 hemorrhagic, 338 herpes simplex, 33 7 laboratory investigations, 335

ligneous, 348 neonatal, 335

chlamydia conjunctivitis, prophylaxis, 33 7-338

nonspecific treatment, 335 papilloma virus, 342

1063

posterior blepharitis, 348 seborrheic blepharoconjunctivitis,

347-348 specific causes, 335-337 systemic disease, 348-352 vemal, 344 viral conjunctivitis, 340

Connective tissue disorders, 740-749 chondrodysplasia punctata,

747-748 Cohen syndrome, 745 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 741 homocystinuria, 748-749 Kniest dysplasia, 746-747 Marfan syndrome, 7 41-7 44 osteogenesis imperfecta, 744-745 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum,

740-741 Stickler syndrome, 7 46 Weill-Marchesani syndrome, 745

Comadi-Hunermann syndrome, 747, 1033

Consideration, in communication of diagnosis, 73-74

Contact lens, 470--471 occlusive, 169

Contact lenses, 470--471 Contour stereo acuity test, 147 Contractual arachnodactyly, 1031 Cantrast sensitivity assessment,

63-64 Convergence, 149, 155

accommodative convergence, near reflex, 155

fusional convergence, 155 near point of, 229 proximal, 225 tonic fusional, 155, 225 voluntary convergence, 155

Convergence insufficiency, 228-230 accommodative insufficiency,

229-230 break point, 229

Convergence spasm, 883 Convergence-retraction nystagmus,

962 Corectopia, 31, 446 Cornea, 17-18, 42, 475

abnormalities, 415--418 anterior segment developmental

anomalies, 391 blood staining, 407 Chandler's syndrome, 376-377 cloudy comea, 391 congenital glaucoma, 391 congenital infections, 391-392

1064

Cornea (continued) cornea plana, 416 deposition, 403-407 development o( 42 developmental anomalies of,

375-380 dystrophies, 392-393 endothelial dystrophies, 414-415 epithelial dystrophy, 410-411 hereditary dystrophies, 407-415 iridocorneal endothelial syndrome,

375-376 iris nevus, 3 77 keratitis, 394-401

endothelial, acquired, 403 stromal, acquired, 402-403

keratoconus, 417 keratoplasty, lamellar, penetrating,

418-420 lamellar keratoplasty, 418 manifestations of systemic

metabolic disease, 393 megalocornea, 416-41 7 metabolic causes o( 403-407 microcornea, 415-416 opacification

at birth, 391-393 in childhood, adolescence,

394-403 in infants, 393-394

penetrating keratoplasty, 418 Peters' anomaly, 377-380 progressive iris atrophy, 376 sclerocornea, 417-418 stromal dystrophy, 412-414 trauma, 393

Cornea plana, 29, 391, 416 Cornea stroma, primary, formation

o( 17 Corneal abnormalities, 391-429 Corneal abrasion, 84 Corneal blood staining, 80 Corneal deposition, 403 Corneal dystrophy

Bowman layer 1, 411 Schnyder's central, 414

Corneal epithelium, formation o( 17 Corneal foreign body, 84 Corneal hydrops, 84 Corneallight reflex, strabismus,

293-294 Corneal opacity, 106 Corneal wetting problems, 395-397 Corneal wound healing, 83 Cornelia de Lange syndrome, 1032 Coronal synostosis, 710 Correct ocular dominance, 167,

169-170 Cortical cells, binocular, 144 Cortical riders, 453 Cortical suppression, 158-159, 160 Cortical visual impairment, 936-939

INDEX

clinical assessment, 93 7 differential diagnosis, 93 7 etiology, 936-93 7

germinal matrix, 936 holoprosencephaly,

lissencephaly, 936 hypoxia-ischemia, 936-93 7 lissencephaly, 936 schizencephaly, 936 shunt blockage, 93 7 twin pregnancy, 93 7

history, 936 incidence, 936 inheritance, 937-938 medication, 938 natural history, 938 periventricular leukomalacia, 938 surgery, 938 systemic associations, 937

Cover tests, 194-197 alternate cover testing, 195 cover/uncover test, 194-195 prism alternate cover test, 195 responses to, 195

Covergence, fusional, 153 Cranial nerve palsies, ocular motor,

884-893 combined, 891-893

Cranial nerve paresis, 250 Cranial neuropathies, 945 Cranial-vertebral border,

abnormalities o( 997-999 Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, Lenz

Majewski type, 1044 Craniofacial dysostosis, 108, 1034 Craniofacial malformations,

705-739 Craniofacial syndromes, 705-739

prototypes of, 709-710 Craniofrontonasal dysostosis, 1034 Craniofrontonasal dysplasia, 1034 Craniometaphyseal dysplasia, 1034 Craniopharyngioma, 111, 951 Craniosynostosis, 251, 270, 710-717,

1022 Craniosynostosis-foot defects,

Jackson-Weiss type, 1042 Craniosynostosis-radial aplasia

syndrome, 1031 Cri-du-chat syndrome, 685, 1035 Crocodile tears, 314 Crossed diplopia, 146, 172 Cross-fixation, 166 Crouzon syndrome, 716-717, 1034 Crowding phenomenon, 163 CRYO-ROP study, retinopathy of

prematurity, 618, 619-620 Cryotherapy, retinopathy of

prematurity, 617-618 Cryptococcus, 516 Cryptophthalmos, 27-29, 299, 1038 Crystalline lens, sublaxation o( 7 42

Crystalline retinal dystrophy, 536-537

Cutis marorata, 1022 Cyclodestruction, 492 Cycloduction, 125, 140 Cyclopia, 33 Cycloplegia, 65-66, 292 Cycloplegic refraction, 203

hypermetropic accommodative esotropia, 214

Cyclosporine, 639 Cyst

arachnoid, 952 chocolate, 361 colloid, 949 Dandy-Walker, 942 dermoid, lid, 308 epithelial inclusion, 359 iris, 441-442 lid, colobomatous microphthalmia,

26 microphthalmos with, 385

Cystinosis, 406, 536, 667 Cystoid macular edema, 515, 629 Cytomegalovirus retinitis, 636

D Dacryoadenitis, Epstein-Barr virus,

348 Dacryocele, 315, 338 Dacryocystitis, 338 Dacryoscystocele, 315-316 Dacryocystorhinostomy, 318-319

conjunctival, 319 Dalen-Fuchs nodules, 638 Dancing eyes, dancing feet

syndrome, 963 Dandy-Walker cyst, 942 Dandy-Walker syndrome, 1022 Darier's disease, 664 Dark-rearing, 50 de Grouchy syndrome, 693, 1036 de Morsier syndrome, 919, 1052 Deafness

maternally inherited, 532 retinal disease and, 665-666

Deafness-myopia -cataract -saddle nose, Marshall type, 1045

Deformation syndromes, 732 Delayed visual maturation, 158 Deletion syndromes, 684-689

deletion 1q, 684 deletion 2q, 684, 1034 deletion 3p, 684, 1034 deletion 3q, 684 deletion 4p, 684-685, 1034 deletion 4q, 685, 1035 deletion Sp, 685, 1035 deletion Sq, 685 deletion 6p, 685 deletion 6q, 685 deletion 7p, 685

deletion 7q_, 685-686 deletion 8p, 686 deletion 9p, 686, 1035 deletion 10p, 686 deletion 10q, 686 deletion llp, 686-687, 1035 deletion llq, 687, 1035 deletion 12p, 687 deletion 13q, 687, 1035 deletion 14q_, 687-688 deletion 15q, 688, 1036 deletion 16q_, 688 deletion 17p, 688 deletion 18p, 688, 1036 deletion 18q, 688-689, 1036 deletion 19p, 689 deletion 20p, 689 deletion 22q_, 689

Deorsumduction, 125 Dermoids, 27, 308, 325-326, 356,

357-358 Dermolipomas, 27, 357

formation of, 27 Derry disease, 1039 Desaferoxamine, 110 Desbuquois syndrome, 1043 Descemet's membrane, formation of,

18 Deviation

primary, 156 secondary, 156

Dextroversion, 142 Diabetes

insipidus, 921 maternally inherited, 532 mellitus, 462

Diabetic retinopathy, 569-570 Diaphyseal dysplasia, progressive,

1032 Diffuse cataract, 456-45 7 Diffuse keratomalacia, 401 Digenic retinitis pigmentosa, 546 Digerorge sequence, 1036 Dilatation, 65-66 Dilated vascular loops, 57 4 Dilator muscle, iris, 430 Diopter fixation test, amblyopia,

165-166 Diplopia, 149, 172

crossed, 146, 172 paradoxical, 17 6 physiological, 145-146 tests, 178-179 uncrossed, 146, 172

Diseiform keratitis, 402 Disparate images, 144 Disruption syndromes, 732 Dissodated horizontal deviation,

270-274 Dissodated strabismus, 250-277 Dissociated vertical deviation, 207,

270-274

INDEX

Distal arthrogryposis syndrome, 1036

Distance-near relationship, ocular motor, 200

Distichiasis, lash, 303 Distichiasis syndrome, 1036 Divergence

fusional, 153 synergistic, 895-896

Divergence excess, 226 high AC/A ratio, 226 mixed convergence mechanism,

226 proximal convergence, increased,

226 Divergence paresis, 262 Doll's head maneuver, 869 Dominant optic atrophy, 109 Dominant progressive macular

dystrophy, 531 Donder's law, 139-140 Donohue's syndrome, 1044 Doubleelevator palsy, 257-258, 883 Double-ring sign, 918 Downbeat nystagmus, 962 Down's syndrome, 461-462,

683-684, 1055 Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy,

534 Drainage-angle anomalies, 494-495 Drop-like dystrophy, gelatinous, 413 Drowsiness, 954 Drug toxicity, 109-110 Drusen, 533-534, 1010 Dry eye, 313-314, 348

alacrima, 314 Dry retinoscopy, 292 Duane cocontraction syndrome, 264 Duane radial dysplasia syndrome,

1036 Duane retraction syndrome, 251,

264-268, 893-895, 1036 Dubowitz syndrome, 1036 Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, 105 Ductions, 125, 141 Duplication syndromes, 689-694

duplication 1q, 689 duplication 2p, 689 duplication 2q_, 689-690 duplication 3p, 690 duplication 3q_, 690, 1037 duplication 4p, 690, 1037 duplication 4q_, 690 duplication 5p, 690 duplication 5q_, 690 duplication 6p, 690 duplication 6q_, 690 duplication 7p, 690-691 duplication 7q_, 691 duplication 8p, 691 duplication 8q_, 691 duplication 9p, 691, 1037

1065

duplication 9q, 691 duplication 10p, 691 duplication 10q, 691-692, 1037 duplication llp, 692 duplication 11q_, 692 duplication 12p, 692 duplication 12q_, 692 duplication 13q_, 692 duplication 14q_, 692 duplication 15q_, 692-693, 1037 duplication 16p, 693 duplication 16q_, 693 duplication 17p, 693 duplication 17q2, 693 duplication 18p, 693 duplication 18q_, 693 duplication 19q, 693 duplication 20p, 693-694 duplication 22q_, 694 duplication qll, 693

Dynamic retinoscopy, 292 Dysautonomia, familial, 352, 984 Dyschromatopsias, 550-551 Dyscoria, 445 Dysgenesis mesodermalis corneae et

iridis, 445 Dyskeratosis congenita syndrome,

1037 Dyslipoproteinemias, 405-406 Dysmetria, ocular, 963 Dysmorphic sialidosis syndrome,

1046 Dysplasia congenita, 660 Dysplastic nevi, 366, 367 Dysthyroid myopathy, trauma, 902 Dystrophia myotonica syndrome,

1053

E Eales' disease, 571 Eccentric fixation, 163, 164 Ectoderm

dysplasia of, 394-395, 755-756, 1042

formation of, 3 Ectodermal dysplasia -clefting

syndrome, 1041 Ectodermal dysplasia-hidroticedit,

1034 Ectopia lentis, 7 45 Ectopia lentis et pupillae, 31, 446,

474, 1037 Ectopic lacrimal gland, 356 Ectrodactyly, 1022 Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-

clefting syndrome, 394, 1037 Ectropion, 31, 301-302, 374 Edit, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome,

781-782 Edwards' syndrome, 683, 1055 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 660, 741,

1037

1066

Eleetromyography, 140 Eleetro-oeulogram, 90, 95, 106 Eleetrophysiology, 90

diagnostie applieations, 100-106 future developments, 115 guidelines, 98-99 pattem eleetroretinogram, 106 response maturation, 99-100 standards, 98-99 testing, 90-122

response maturation, 99-100 visual evoked potentials, 95-98,

106-113 aeuity testing, 113-115 amblyopia, 113-115

Eleetroretinogram, 90-95 amplifieation, 94 averaging, 94-95 a-wave, 92 b-wave, 92 e-wave, 93 d-wave, 93 eleetrodes, 93-94 flash eleetroretinogram, 91 flieker eleetroretinograms, 93 light, retinal response to, 91 multifoeal eleetroretinogram, 91 negative, 103-105 origins of, 91 pattem eleetroretinogram, 91, 93 reeording methods, 93-95 rod, eone aetivity, separation of, 91 seotopie threshold response, 93 teehnieal equipment, 94-95 types of, 91 visual evoked potentials,

eombined, 99, 113 valtage differenee, 94

Elejalde syndrome, 1029 Elevation defieit, Brown's syndrome,

246-247 ELISA. See Enzyme-linked

immunosorbent assay Embryogenesis, 3-5 Embryology, 3-38

aneneephaly, 33-34 anterior segment dysgenesis, 29-30 brain, 31-33 ehoroid, 19 eongenital glaueoma, 30-31 eomea, 17-18 eomea plana, 29 eryptophthalmos, 27-29 eyclopia, 33 dermoids, 27 dermolipomas, 27 eneephaloeele, 33-34 exeneephaly, 33-34 extraoeular muscles, 23 eye, 31-33 eyelids, 22-23 faee, 31-33

INDEX

frontonasal dysplasia, 34-36 germ layer differentiation, 3-5 holoproseneephaly, 33 iridoeomeal angle, 19 iris, 18-19 lens, 13-17

nucleus, 15 Tunica vasculosa lentis, 17

mierophthalmia, 23 oeular dysgenesis, 23-36 optie fissure closure anomalies,

23-27 optie nerve, 22 optie vesicle, 5-13

optie fissure, 12-13 persistent hyperplastie primary

vitreous, 31 pupillary anomalies, 31 retina, 19-21

vaseulature, 20-21 retinal dysplasia, 31 sclera, 19 scleroeomea, 29 somite development, 4-5 synophthalmia, 33 vitreous, 21-22

Embryonie fissure, 383 formation of, 12

Embryonie nucleus, 450 Embryotoxon, posterior, 370-371 Emmetropization, 49-50 Empirieal horopter, 144 Eneephaloeele, 33-34, 329

basal, 924 orbital, 329

Eneephalofaeial angiomatosis syndrome, 1053

Endoderm, formation of, 3 Endophthalmitis, 516

endogenous, 516 exogenous, 516

Endophytie tumor, 592 Endothelial dystrophy

eongenital hereditary, 106-107, 382-383, 415, 488

eomea, 414-415 Endothelium, formation of, 18 Enophthalmos, 331 Entropion, 301

eongenital, lid, 301 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent

assay, 513 EOG. See Eleetro-oeulogram Ependymomas, 949 Ephelis, 363 Epiblast, formation of, 3 Epiblepharon, 300-301 Epibulbar ehoristomas, 754 Epieanthus, 302 Epieanthus inversus, 302 Epidemie keratoeonjunetivitis,

340-341, 399

Epidermal neerolysis, toxie, 350 Epidermolysis bullosa, 395 Epidermolytie hyperkeratosis, 751 Epikeratophakia, 471 Episcleral osseous ehoristoma, 356 Episcleritis, 515-516

diffuse, 515 nodular, 515

Epithelial dystrophy eomea, 410-411 hereditary juvenile, 410

Epithelial inclusion eysts, 359 Epithelial keratitis, viral eauses, 399 Epithelial tumors, 358-359

eonjunetival epithelial malignaneies, 359

epithelial inclusion eysts, 359 keratoaeanthomas, 358-359

Epitheliopathy, 346 Epstein-Barr virus daeryoadenitis,

348 ERG. See Eleetroretinogram Erosive vitreoretinopathy, 106, 559 Erythema migrans, 847 Erythema multiforme, 350-351, 757 Escherichia coli, 335, 399, 400 Esodevia tions

aeeommodative esotropia, 213-214 aequired nonaeeommodative

esotropia, 219 eongenital-infantile esotropia,

204-213 eyclie esotropia, 221 divergenee insuffieieney, 221 esophoria, 219 hypermetropie aeeommodative

esotropia, 214-218 infantile aeeommodative esotropia,

218-219 nystagmus

eongenital, with eonstant esotropia, 220

manifest latent, 219-220 nystagmus eompensation

syndrome, 220-221 sensory esotropia, 221

Esophoria, 219 Esotropia

aeeommodative, 208, 213-214, 218-219

aequired nonaeeommodative, 219 acute eomitant, 886 amblyopia assoeiated with, 206 assessment of, 208 assoeiated motor abnormalities,

207 botulin, 213 eharaeter of, 206 Cianeia's syndrome, 208-209 clinieal features, 205 eongenital, 204-213 eongenital fibrosis syndrome, 210

consecutive exotropia, 212 cross-fixation, 209-210 differential diagnosis, 205 etiology, 204-205 fibrosis syndrome, 210 high AC/A ratio, 214 hypermetropic accommodative,

214-218 bifocals, 215-216 clinical features, 214 cycloplegic refraction, 214 etiology, 214 high AC/A ratio esotropia,

215-216 miotics, 218 partially accommodative

esotropia, 216 postoperative care, 218 prism adaptation, 216-217 surgery, 216-218 treatment, 214-215

incidence, 204 infantile, 204-213 inheritance, 208 latent nystagmus, 207 normal neonatal alignment, 204 onset, 205-206 postoperative care, 212 pseudo-esotropia, 208 refractive error, 206-207 residual esotropia, 212-213 spontaneaus resolution of, 206 stereopsis, with late surgery,

211-212 surgery

early, 210-211 timing of, 210

systemic associations, 207-208 treatment, 210-212 types of, 208-210

Etanercept, 632 Ethambutol, 110 Euryblepharon, 301 Examination, pediatric eye, 57-67

autorefractors, 66 color vision assessment, 63

City University Color Vision Test, 63

Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic

color plates, 63 Richmond pseudoisochromatic

plates, 63 cantrast sensitivity assessment,

63-64 cycloplegia, 65-66 dilatation, 65-66 external examination, 60 fundus examination, 66 history, 57 intraocular pressure

measurements, 65

INDEX

keratometry, 65 physical examination, 57-66 pupillary examination, 64 rapport, establishing, 57-58 red reflex, 64

Bruckner reflex test, 64 photoscreening, 64

slit lamp examination, 64-65 uncooperative child, 58-60

anesthesia, 60 chioral hydrate, 58-59 DPT, 60 sedation, 58

visual acuity assessment preverbal, 60-62 verbal, 62-63

visual fields, 63 Excavated optic disc anomalies, 922 Excobar syndrome, 1038 Excycloduction, 125 Excyclotropia, 151 Exencephaly, 33-34 Exomphalos-macroglossia-gigantism

syndrome, 1031 Exotropia, 224-231

A-pattern, oblique overaction, 228 basic intermittent exotropia, 225 classifications, 224-226 clinical features, 224 congenital, 230 convergence insufficiency,

228-230 exodeviation, measuring, 226-227

far distance test, 226-22 7 intermittent, 224-228 natural history, 224 postoperative care, 228 prognosis, 228 pseudodivergence excess, 225-226

patch test, 225-226 sensory, 230 treatment, 227-228

indications for surgery, 22 7 nonsurgical treatment, 22 7 surgical treatment, 227-228

true divergence excess, 226 causes of, 226

V-pattern, oblique overaction, 228 Exposure keratopathy, 397 External examination, 60 External hordeolum, 347 Extorsion, 125 Extraocular muscle(s), 23

anatomy, 45-46 congenital fibrosis, 257 development of, 45-46 disorders of, 901-902 fascia, 135-138 histology, 134-135 paresis, 156 physiology, 45-46 pulleys, architecture, 135

1067

Exudative vitreoretinopathy, familial, 561-562, 659

Eye. See also under specific physiolgic feature, function of

alignment of, 157-158, 204 axiallength, 39 chromosomal anomalies and,

675-704 development of, 1-54 fallen, 238 globe size, 39 heavy syndrome, 262 innervation anomalies of, 893-897 malformation complexes, 31-33 movement, 125-127

development, smooth pursuit asymmetry, 158

ductions, 125 muscle action, vs. field of

action, 125-126 smooth pursuit, vs. saccadic eye,

126-127 muscles, 127-134 position, 125

proprioceptive control, 155 rotations, physiology of, 139-142 trauma to, 77-89

Eyelid. See Lid

F Fabry's disease, 405, 462, 655, 664 Face, malformation complexes,

31-33 Facial diplegia congenital, 1046 Facial microsomia, 722-724 Facio-digito-genital dysplasia

syndrome, 1029 Facio-oculo-auriculo-vertebra, 1040 Facio-scapulo-humeral muscular

dystrophy, 906 Facultative scotoma, 17 4 Faden procedure, 254, 282-283

high AC/A ratio esotropia, 283 sixth nerve paresis, 283

Fallen eye, 238 Family Resource Coalition, 76 Fanconi pancytopenia syndrome,

1038 Fascia, extraocular muscle, 135-138 Fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy,

572-573 Fat adherence, 138, 287 Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies

syndrome, 1038 Femoral-facial syndrome, 1038 Fenestrated sheen macular

dystrophy, 536 Fetal akinesia sequence, 1049 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 724-725 Fetal fac syndrome, 1051 Fetal nucleus, 450 Fibrillin, 741

1068

Fibrosis, congenital, 210 extraocular muscles, 257

Fibrosis syndrome, congenital, 902 Fibrous dysplasia, 328-329 Field of action, vs. muscle action,

125-126 Fifth digit syndrome, 1034 Fingerprint dystrophy, map-dot,

41~11

Fish-eye disease, 406 Fixation testing, amblyopia, 64-165,

164-166 Flash electroretinogram, 91 Flash visual evoked potential, 96 Flicker electroretinogram, 93 Flutter, ocular, 963 Flynn-Aird syndrome, 665 Focal dermal hypoplasia, 753-754,

1040 Fogging techniques, 1005 Follicles, 362, 363 Folliculosis, 348, 363 Forced-duction testing, 202 Forebrain, formation of, 5 Foreign body, 86

conjunctival, 84 comea, 84 metallic, retained, 640-641

Fortification scotoma, 1007 Foscamet, 636 Foster modification, 285 Four base-out test, 187-188 Fourth nerve palsy, 268, 887-889 Fovea! avascular zone, retinopathy of

prematurity, 612 Fovea! dystrophy, dominant

progressive, 534 Foveal ectopia, 261 Fovea! hypoplasia, 658-659 Foveation, 957 Foveola, 47

development of, 47 Foveomacular dystrophy, 531 Fraduction, 125 Fragile X syndrome, 1038 Franceschetti-Klein syndrome, 1054 Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein

syndrome, 720-722 Francais dyscephalic syndrome,

725-727, 1040 Fraser syndrome, 299, 1038 Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, 1039 Fresnel Press-On prisms, 296 Frontometaphyseal dysplasia, 1039 Frontonasal dysplasia, 34-36, 719,

1039 Frontonasal malformation, 719 Fucosidosis, 655 Fukuhara's disease, 981 Functional amblyopia, 159 Functional visualloss, 1004-1006

differential diagnosis, 1006

INDEX

Fundus dystrophy, Sorsby's, 535-536 Fundus examination, 66 Fundus flavimaculatus, 103, 527 Fungal keratitis, 400, 402-403 Fusion, tests for, 186-188 Fusional convergence, 153, 155 Fusional divergence, 153 Fusional vergence, 149

G

amplitudes, strabismus, 154-156 vertical, 153

Galactocerebrosidase, 970 Galactosemia, 462 Galactosialidosis, 404 Ganciclovir, 636 Gangliogliomas, 950 Gangliosidosis, 1039

chronic, 799 GM 1, 405 GM 2, 405 juvenile, 799

Ganzfeld effect, 107 Gastrointestinal polyposis, 578-579 Gastrulation, formation of, 3 Gaueher disease, 405 Gaze, cardinal positions of, 196-197 Gaze-evoked nystagmus, 961-962 Gelatinous drop-like dystrophy, 413 Geleophysic dwarfism, 1039 Geleophysic dysplasia, 1039 Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, 1045 Genetic counseling, retinoblastoma,

593-594 Genetic heterogeneity, 676 Genetic syndromes, 593-594,

823-844 Geographie pigmentary disturbances,

663-664 Germ layers, differentiation of, 3-5 German measles, 634 Germinal matrix, cortical visual

impairment, 936 Germinomas, 951 Giant papillary conjunctivitis, 345 Gillespie syndrome, 1039 Glaucoma, 483-498

anatomy, 483 angle anomaly, 492-494 aniridia, 493-494 aphakic, 495-496 classification, 483-484 congenital, 30-31, 375

comea, 391 primary, 375

diagnosis, 487-488 differential diagnosis, 488 drainage-angle anomalies, 494-495 incidence, 484-485 infantile, 375, 484-488 inflammatory, 496 inheritance, 487

iridogoniodysplasia, 433 juvenile, 492 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber

syndrome, 493 lens-iris diaphragm abnormalities,

495 medical, 488-489 neurocrestopathies, 494 pathophysiology, 486-487 physiology, 483 retinopathy of prematurity, 495,

612-613 secondary, 492-496 steroid-induced, 496 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 492-493 surgery, 489-492 symptoms, 485-486 topamax-induced glaucoma, 494 traumatic, 496 tumors, 496

Glaucoma drainage devices, 491 Glial origin, tumors of, 946-950 Gliomas, 946 Globe, 475

anomalies, 383-386 anophthalmia, 386-387 blue sclera, 387 complex microphthalmos, 384-386 development of, 39 embryology, 383 nanophthalmos, 383-384 simple microphthalmos, 384 size, axiallength, 39

Glycogen storage diseae, 405 Goldberg syndrome, 404 Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome, 1040 Goldenhar's syndrome, 27, 300, 357,

722-724, 1040 Goldmann-Favre syndrome, 105-106,

559-560 Goltz-Gorlin syndrome, 753-754,

1040 Goltz syndrome, 664, 1040 Goniotomy, 489 Gonococcal conjunctivitis, 335-336

prophylaxis, 337-338 Gonorrhoea, 335, 336, 337 Goodman syndrome, 1040 Goodpasture syndrome, 572 Gorgonia flabellum, 566 Gorlin's syndrome, 1040 Graded recession-anteriorization, 286 Graft-vers-host disease, 353

conjunctival, 353 Granular dystrophy, 412 Granulomatosis, allergic, 5 72 Grave's ophthalmopathy, 256-257 Greig cephalopolysyndactyly

syndrome, 1040 Guillain-Barre syndrome, 892 Gyrate atrophy, 101, 664 Gyria, 942

H Haab's striae, 84, 485 Haemophilus aegyptius, 399 Haemophilus influenzae, 321, 335,

338, 339, 399, 889 Hagberg-Santiavouri disease, 975 Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, 1040 Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, 462,

725-727, 1040 Hallervordeo-Spatz syndrome, 662,

984 Hamartomas, 439

astrocytic, 581 bear tracks, 577, 578, 582 choroidal nevus, 576 choroidal osteoma, 580-581 gastrointestinal polyposis, 578-579 melanocytoma, 576-577 neurofibromatosis, 582 nonvascular, 576-583 retinal pigment epithelium

congenital hypertrophy of, 577-578

hyperplasia, 5 79 retina, 579-580

tuberaus sclerosis, 581-582 Hang-back recession, 279 Haploscopic devices, 146 Haploscopic tests, 183-186 Happy puppet syndrome. See

Angelman syndrome Harada-Ito procedure, 241, 287 Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Hay fever conjunctivitis, 343-344 Hay-Wells syndrome of ectodermal

dysplasia, 1041 Head posturing, anomalous, 967 Headaches, 1006-1010

acute severe headache, 1007 chronic nonprogressive headaches,

1008-1009 etiologies, 1007-1009 migraine headaches, 1007 subacute headaches, 1008 treatment, 1009-1010

Heavy eye syndrome, 262 Hemangioma, 308-309, 324-325 Hemangiomata, 308 Hemifacial atrophy, progressive,

991-993 Hemifacial microsomia, 722-724 Hemorrhage, 1011

intracranial, 944-945 Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, 338

acute, 893 Hemorrhagic lymphangiectasia, 360 Hepatic disease, retinal disease and,

667 Hering's law, yoke muscles, 141-142 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, 658,

749 Herpes keratitis, recurrent, 398

INDEX

Herpes simplex, 337, 341-342, 397, 504-505, 852

Herpes simplex keratitis, 397 Herpes zoster, 505 Herpetic iridocyclitis, 504-505 Heterochromia, 437, 442-443 Heterophoria, 149

ocular motor examination, 199 Heteroplasmy, 979 Heterotropia, 149 Hindbrain, formation of, 6 Hirschberg test, 192 Hirschsprung disease-pigmentary

anomaly, 1056 Histiocytic disorders, 440 Histiocytosis, 328

Langerhans' cell, 441 Histoplasma capsultaum, 63 7 Histoplasmosis syndrome, 63 7 Holoprosencephaly, 33, 720, 940,

1022 Holt-Oram syndrome, 1041 Homocystinuria, 476, 495, 655,

748-749, 1041 Hordeolum, external, 347 Horizontal deviation, dissociated,

272 Horizontal rectus muscles, 128-129 Horner's syndrome, 304, 443

congenital, 443 Horror fusionis, 178 Bummelsheim procedure, 284-285

augmented, 285 Hunter's syndrome, 404, 1041 Hurler's syndrome, 404, 1041 Hurler-Scheie syndrome, 404, 1041 Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, 1050 Hutchinson's teeth, 635 Hutchinson's triad, 848 Hyaloid artery, formation of, 12, 17 Hydrocephalus, 112, 943 Hydrocephalus Association, 75 Hydrocephalus Support Group, 75 Hydrogelleus materials, 470-471 Hyperchromic heterochromia, 443 Hypermetropie accommodative

esotropia, 213, 214-218 bifocals, 215-216 clinical features, 214 cycloplegic refraction, 214 etiology, 214 high AC/A ratio esotropia, 215-216 miotics, 218

adverse effects of, 218 partially accommodative esotropia,

216 postoperative care, 218 prism adaptation, 216-217 surgery, 216-218 treatment, 214-215

Hypermetropie amblyopia, bilateral, 162

1069

Hyperoxia, 617 Hyperplastic primary vitreous,

persistent, 454-455, 659 Hypertelorism, 302, 718-720 Hypertensive retinopathy, 570 Hyperthyroidism, congenital, 306 Hypertropia, 150 Hyperviscosity syndromes, 573 Hyphema, 79-82

management, 80-81 surgery, 81-82

Hypoblast, formation of, 3 Hypochondroplasia, 1042 Hypochromic heterochromia, 443 Hypodactyly, 1022 Hypoglycemia, 462 Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia,

1042, 1050 Hypomelanosis of Ito, 571-572, 752,

1042 Hypoparathyroidism, 463 Hypophosphatasia, 1042 Hypoplasia, iris, 371 Hypotelorism, 720 Hypotropia, 150 Hypoxia, perinatal, 112 Hypoxia-ischemia, cortical visual

impairment, 936-937 Hysterical visualloss, 115

I ICE syndrome, 375 Ichthyosis, 664-665, 751-752

vulgaris, 751 X-linked, 751

Immature visual system, 173-188 Immune stromal keratitis, 403 Immuno-fluorescence antibody,

513 Incomitant deviation, measuring,

197-198 Incomitant Strabismus, 156, 250,

254-255 causing compensatory head

posturing, 2 73 Incontinentia pigmenti, 571, 656,

664, 752, 1042 Incontinentia pigmentosa

achromians, 1042 Incycloduction, 125 Incyclotropia, 151 Indomethacin, 110 Induction disorders, 940-941 Induction phase, 940 Infectious disease, 397-400, 845-862,

945-946 acquired infection, 945-946 bacterial diseases, 845-849

cat scratch disease, 845-846 Lyme disease, 846-847 syphilis, 847-849

congenital infection, 391-392, 945

1070

Infectious disease (continued) parasitic diseases, 849-852

toxocariasis, 849-851 toxoplasmosis, 851-852

viral diseases, 852-860 herpes simplex, 852 lymphocytic choriomeningitis

virus, 854-855 measles, 855-856 rubella, 856-858 varicella-zoster, 858-860

Inferior oblique muscle overaction, 243-245

mimickers of, 243-244 treatment, 244

paresis, 241-242, 268 weakening procedures, 285-287

complications, 287 graded recession-anteriorization,

286-287 Inferior rectus muscle, 129-130 Infiltrating retinoblastoma, diffuse,

592 Inflammatory Brown's syndrome,

246 Inflammatory glaucoma, 496 Inflammatory vitreoretinopathy,

neovascular, autosomal dominant, 563-564

Infraversion, 142 Inherited disease, ocular

manifestations, 1021-1057 Inhibitional palsy, of contralateral

antagonist, 238 Inner retinal dysfunction, 103-105 Innervation anomalies, 893-897 Institute for Families of Blind

Children, 76 Intermediate uveitis, 340, 506-507 Intermittent exotropia, 224-228

A-pattern, oblique overaction, 228 basic intermittent exotropia, 225 classifications, 224-226 clinical features, 224 exodeviation, measuring, 226-227

far distance test, 226-227 natural history, 224 postoperative care, 228 prognosis, 228 pseudodivergence excess, 225-226

patch test, 225-226 treatment, 227-228

indications for surgery, 227 nonsurgical treatment, 22 7 surgical treatment, 227-228

true divergence excess, 226 causes of, 226

V-pattern, oblique overaction, 228 International Society for Clinical

Electrophysiology of Vision, electroretinogram standards, 98

INDEX

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 884 Interstitial keratitis, 403, 849 Interstitial nucleus of Cajal, 271 Intorsion, 125 Intracranial hemorrhage, 944-945 Intraepithelial dysplasias, 359 Intrafacial synkinesis, 897 Intraocular lens

power, 469-470 secondary, 470

Intraocular pressure, 44-45 establishment of, 44-45 measurements of, 65

Intrauterine infection, 458-464 Inverse Marcus Gunn phenomenon,

897 Iridescent spots, 566 Iridocorneal angle, 19 Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome,

375-376 Iridocyclitis

herpetic, 504-505 traumatic, 506

Iridodonesis, 743 Iridogoniodysgenesis, 433, 494 Iris, 18-19, 43-44

abnormalities, 430-449 acquired iris defects, 436-437 anatomy, 430 anomalies of, 430-431 atrophy, progressive, 376 coloboma, 431-432 color changes, 437-442 congenital iris defects, 431-436 congenital iris ectropion, 445 congenital miosis, 444 congenital mydriasis, 444-445 corectopia, 446 cysts

pigmented epithelium, 441 primary, 441-442

defects, 431-437, 869 development of, 43-44 dilator muscle, 430 dyscoria, 445 ectropion, 374-375, 445 endothelium, 430 flocculi, 442 freckles, 438 heterochromia, 442-443, 641 hyperchromic heterochromia, 443 hypochromic heterochromia, 443 hypoplasia, 371, 432-434

with glaucoma, 433 intrairis color change, 437-442 mammillations, 443 microcoria, 444 nevus, 377, 438 nodules, inflammatory, 438 persistent pupillary membranes,

444 polycoria, 446

posterior pigmented layer, 430 posterior synechiae, 444 pseudopolycoria, 446 pupil anomalies, 444-446 sphincter, 430 stellate, 43 7 stroma, 430, 442 transillumination, 436-43 7 tumors

primary, 438-440 secondary, 440-441

Iritis, traumatic, 84 ISCEV. See International Society for

Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision

Ishihara pseudoisochromatic color plates, 63

Ixodes pacificus, 846 Ixodes scapularis, 846 Ixodes tick, 513

J Jackson-Weiss syndrome, 1042 Jacobsen syndrome, 1035 Jansky-Bielschowsky disease, 975 Jarcho-Levin syndrome, 1042 Jaw-winking, Marcus Gunn, 305 Jenctional nevi, 365 Jensen procedure, 284 Jerks, square-wave, 963 Jeune thoracic dystrophy, 1042 Jeune's syndrome, 666 Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, 1042 John Tracy Clinic, 75 Joubert's syndrome, 102, 942,

1015-1016, 1042 Juvenile chronic arthritis, 501-503 Juvenile epithelial dystrophy,

hereditary, 410 Juvenile glaucoma, 483, 492 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis,

501-503 Juvenile retinoschisis, X-linked, 551,

560-561, 660 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,

501-503, 631-632 Juvenile spondyloarthropathies, 503 Juvenile xanthogranuloma, 79, 310,

361-362, 440-441, 514, 756-757

K Kabuki make-up syndrome, 832-833,

1043 Kamino bodies, 366 Kawasaki's disease, 351-352,

573-574 Kayser-Fleischer ring, 406, 641 Kearns-Sayre syndrome, 902-904 Kenny-Caffey syndrome, 383 Keratitis, 394-401

acquired, epithelial, 395-397

bacterial, 339 cornea

endothelial, acquired, 403 stromal, acquired, 402-403

epithelial, viral causes, 399 hereditary

isolated, 394 with systemic disease, 394-395

ichthyosis, deafness syndrome (KID syndrome), 751

interstitial, 849 Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness

syndrome, 395, 1043 Keratoacanthomas, 358-359 Keratoconjunctivitis

atopic, 345 chemotherapy, 352-353 epidemic, 340-341 phlyctenular, 34 7 sicca, 348, 395-396 vernal, 400-40 1

Keratoconus, 417 posticus, 380-381

Keratoendothelitis fugax hereditaria, 395

Keratometry, 65 Keratopathy, radiation, 86 Keratoplasty

lamellar, 418 penetrating, 418-420

penetrating, 418 KID syndrome

autosomal dominant, 1043 autosomal recessive, 1043

Killian/Teschler-Nicola syndrome, 1043

Kindness, in communication of diagnosis, 74

Kivlin-Krause syndrome, 1049 Klein-Waardenburg syndrome,

730-731 Klinefelter's syndrome, 695 Klippel-Feil syndrome, 993, 997, 999,

1022 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome,

493, 1043 Knapp procedure, 284 Knapp type 7 classification, 248 Kniest dysplasia, 746-747, 1043 Known genesis syndrome, 706 Koerber Salus-Elschnig syndrome,

882 Krabbe's disease, 970-974 Krimsky test, 193 Kufs' disease, 975

L Lacrimal gland, 86

tumors, 331 Lacrimal sac, 315 Lacrimal system, 313-320

canaliculi, 315

INDEX

conjunctival dacryocystorhinostomy, 319

crocodile tears, 314 dacryocystocele, 315-316 dacryocystorhinostomy, 318-319 dry eye, 313-314

alacrima, 314 lacrimal sac, 315 nasolacrimal duct, 316 nasolacrimal obstructions,

treatment of, 316-319 nasolacrimal system, acquired

disorders of, 316 puncta, 314-315 turbinate fracture, 318

Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome, 1044

Lambda pattern, 233 Lamellar cataract, 453 Lamellar ichthyosis, 751 Lamellar keratoplasty, 418 Lancaster red-green test, 200-202 Langer-Giedion syndrome, 1043 Langerhans' cell histiocytoses, 328,

441 Larsen's syndrome, 1043 Larval migrans, visceral, 850 Laser treatment, 475 Lashes, abnormalities of, 303 Latent nystagmus, 207, 959-960 Lateral rectus muscle, 129 Lattice degeneration, 556-557 Lattice dystrophy I, 412-413 Lawrence-Moon syndrome, 662,

1031 Lawrence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl

Syndrome Network, 75 LCAT deficiency, 405 Leber's amaurosis, 546-547, 1015,

1044 Leber's optic neuropathy, 109, 981 Leigh syndrome, 980 Leiomyomas, 439 Lens, 13-17

abnormalities, 450-480 anatomy, 450 aphakia, 469-4 72 bow, 15 capsule, formation of, 15 cataract

amblyopia associated with, 471 anterior, 450-452 anterior polar, 450-451 anterior pyramidal, 451 anterior subcapsular, 451-452 bilateral, 465 bilateral congenital, 457 central, 452-453 cerulean, 457 congenital, early surgery for, 472 diffuse, 456-457 etiology of, 457-458

inheritance of, 458-464 lamellar, 453 management of, 465-469 membranous, 457

1071

monocular infantile, 4 72-4 73 morphological classification of,

450 nonsurgical treatment, 467-468 nuclear, 452 posterior, 453-45 7 prognosis of, 472-473 surgical management of,

468-469 sutural, 452-453 systemic evaluation, 465 total, 457 unilateral, 465

coloboma, 4 77 contact lens, 470-471 crystalline, sublaxation of, 742 ectopia lentis et pupillae, 4 7 4 fibers

primary, 15 secondary, 15

gradient, ocular motor examination, 199-200

homocystinuria, 476 intraocular len power, 469-4 70 intrauterine infection, 458-464 management, 4 77 Marfan's syndrome, 474-476 Mittendorf's dot, 456 ocular, 476-477 oil-drop cataract, 456 opacity, 107 persistent hyperplastic primary

vitreous, 454-455 placode, formation of, 6 posterior lenticonus, 453-454 posterior subcapsular cataract, 456 prematurity, 458 rigid gas-permeable, 470 secondary intraocular lens in

children, 4 70 silicone elastomer, 470 skeletal, 4 77 spherophakia, 4 77 subluxation, 473-476

traumatic, 85 sulfite oxidase deficiency, 4 77 types of, 293 Weill-Marchesani syndrome,

476-477 Lensectomy, 475 Lens-iris diaphragm abnormalities,

495 Lenticonus

anterior, 451 posterior, 453-454

Lentigo, 363 Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic

dwarfism, 1044

1072

Leopard syndrome, 1046 Leprechaunism, 1044 Leroy 1-Cell syndrome, 1046 Leucodystropies, 112 Leukemia, 441, 514, 573, 597-598 Leukodystrophy, metachromatic,

112-113 Leukomalacia, periventricular, 938 Levodopa/carbidopa, amblyopia, 170 Levoversion, 142 Levy-Hollister syndrome, 1044 Lid, 22-23, 39-41

colobomata, 299-300 cyst syndrome, colobomatous

microphthalmia, 26 development of, 39-41 juvenile xanthogranuloma, 310 laceration, 86 lesions, 306-310

amyloid, 310 angioedema, 310 chalazia, 307 dermoid cysts, 308 hemangioma, 308-309 juvenile xanthogranuloma, 310 Molluscum contagiosum,

307-308 neurofibromatosis, 309 nevi, 306 viral papillomata, 307

malformations, 299-306 malposition, 299-306 retraction, 306

Light, retinal response to, 91 Light occlusion, bilateral, amblyopia,

169-170 Lightreflex tests, 192-193

angle kappa, 192-193 Bruckner reflex test, 193 Hirschberg test, 192 Krimsky test, 193

Ligneous conjunctivitis, 348-350 Limbal dermoids, 35 7

formation of, 27 Limbal stem cell deficiency, 397 Limbal vernal conjunctivitis, 344 Limbed dermoids, 396 Linear nevus sebaceous, 754

of Jadassohn, 1044 Lipodystrophy, partial, with Rieger

anomaly, 1044 Lipofuscinosis, neuronal ceroid, 548 Lipopigment storage diseases, 548 Lisch nodules, 439-440 Lissencephaly, 941 Listing's law, 139-140 Listing's plane, 140 Lockwood's ligament, 130 Louis-Bar syndrome, 1031 Lowe's syndorme, 1048 Lowe's syndrome, 464 Low-illumination acuity testing,

866-867

INDEX

Low-vision patient, 68-70 Lyme disease, 513, 846-847 Lymphangiectasia, 360-361 Lymphangioma, 324, 361 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus,

663, 854-855 choriretinitis, 633

Lymphoid lesions, 362-363 Lymphoma, 441 Lysosomal storage diseases, 970--976

M Macrocephaly, 942-944 Macrogyria, 942 Macromelanosomes, 749 Macroreticular dystrophy, Mesker's,

531 Macular coloboma, 656-658 Macular dystrophy, 413-414

dominant progressive, 531 fenestrated sheen, 536 North Carolina, 534-535 progressive, dominant, 531

Macular edema, cystoid, 515 Maculopathy, 103, 107 Madarosis, 346 Maddox rod test, 183 Magie Foundation, optic nerve

hypoplasia, 75 Magnocellular nevus, 576-577 Malformation complexes, 31-33 Malignant melanomas, iris, 438 Mammillations, iris, 443 Mandibulofacial dysostosis, 357,

720--722, 1054 Manifest latent nystagmus, 219-220,

959-960 Map-dot fingerprint dystrophy,

410-411 Marcus Gunn jaw-winking, 305, 897 Marcus Gunn pupil, 867-868 Marden-Walker syndrome, 1044 Marfanoid craniosynostoisis

syndrome, 1052 Marfan's syndrome, 474-476, 495,

741-744, 1044 Marginal keratitis, 396 Marin-Amat syndrome, 897 Marker X syndrome, 1038 Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, 404,

1045 Marshall syndrome, 1045 Marshall-Smith syndrome, 1045 Martin-Bell syndrome, 1038 Masquerade syndromes, 514 Measles, 634, 855-856 Medial rectus muscle, 129 Median facial cleft syndrome, 719,

1039 Medication prescribing guidelines,

293 Medulloblastoma, 950 Medulloepithelioma, 439, 596-597

Meesman's dystrophy, 410 Megalocornea, 416-417, 485, 743 Megalopapilla, 92 7 Megophthalmos, 416 Meibomian gland dysfunction, 348,

396 Melanin, 7 49 Melanocytic lesions, 363-367

acquired conjunctival nevi, 365-367

congenital conjunctival nevi, 364-365

conjunctival nevi, 363-367 Melanocytoma, 365, 439, 576-577 Melanosis

acquired, primary, 366 congenital, 364 primary acquired, 366 secondary, 363

Melanosomes, 356 Melnick-Fraser syndrome, 1045 Melnick-Needles osteodysplasty,

1045 Membranaus cataract, 45 7 Memory-guided, 876 Meningeal origin, tumors of,

950--951 Meningitides, Neisseria, 335 Meningocele, 329 Meningoencephalocele, 329 Meningomyelocele, 993, 995-997 Meridional amblyopia, bilateral,

163 Mesenchymal dysgenesis, anterior

segment, 369 Mesenchymaltumors, 359-362

capillary hemangioma, 359-360 juvenile xanthogranuloma,

361-362 lymphangiectasia, 360-361 lymphangioma, 361 neurofibromas, 362 neurolemmomas, 362 pyogenic granuloma, 360 rhabdomyosarcom~ 362

Mesenchyme, formation of, 4 Mesker's macroreticular dystrophy,

531 Mesoderm

germ layer, 3 Metabolie disease, 462-464, 790--822

albinism, 808-809 ocular albinism, 810 ocular features, 810-811 oculocutaneous albinism,

809-810 copper metabolism disorders,

790-792 Menkes' disease, 791-792 Wilson's disease, 790-791

cystinosis, 812-814 Fabry's disease, 805-807 galactosemia, 815-816

gangliosidoses, 797-801 adult, 799 chronic, 800-801 generalized, 798-799 infantile, Sandhoff variant, 800 late infantile, 799 Tay-Sachs disease, 799-800

Gaucher's disease, 803-805 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, 810 homocystinuria, 814-815 Krabbe's disease, 805 metachromatic leukodystrophy,

801-802 mucopolysaccharidoses, 792-797

Hunter's syndrome, 795-796 Hurler syndrome, 792-795 Hurler-Scheie syndrome, 795 Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, 797 Morquio syndrome, 796-797 Sanfilippo's syndrome, 796 Scheie syndrome, 795 Sly syndrome, 797

neuronal ceroid-liofuscinoses, 807-808

Jansky-Bielschowsky disease, 808

Kufs' disease, 808 Santavuori-Haltia disease, 808 Spielmeyer-Sjogren disease, 808

Niemann-Piek disease, 802-803 tyrosinemia, 811-812

oculocutaneous tyrosinemia, 811-812

Metachromatic leukodystrophy, 112-113, 405, 974-975

Metallic foreign bodies, retained, 640-641

Metaphysis, 1022 Metastatic disease, 32 7 Metatropic dwarfism II, 1043 Methotrexate, 632 Microcephaly, 942 Microcornea, 383, 415--416, 444 Microcystic dystrophy, Cogan's, 410 Micrognathia, 1022 Microphthalmia, 13, 23, 680

with linear skin defects, 664, 1045

Microphthalmos, 383, 386, 416 with coloboma, 385 complex, 384-386 with cyst, 385 pure, 383-384 simple, 384

Microphthalmus, severe, 386 Microspherophakia, 743, 745 Midas syndrome, 1045 Midbrain, formation of, 6 Migraine headache, 1007 Migration, cellular, disorders of,

941-942 Miller Fisher syndrome, 892 Miller syndrome, 1045

INDEX

Miller-Dieker lissencephaly syndrome, 1045

Milroy' s disease, 303 Miosis, congenital, iris, 444 Misoprostol, 269 Mitochondrial disease, 102-103,

979-981 Leber's hereditary optic

neuropathy, 981 Leigh syndrome, 980

Mitochondrial DNA, 979 Mitochondrial inheritance, 676 Mitomycin-C, 491 Mittendorfs dot, 456

formation of, 17 Mobius sequence, 727-728 Mobius' syndrome, 268-269, 906,

942, 1046 Mohr syndrome, 1046 Molluscum contagiosum, 307-308,

342 Monocular cataract, infantile,

472--473 Monocular cortical neurons, 157 Monocular depth perception, 148 Monocular elevation deficit,

257-258, 883 Monocular fixation

orbinocular fixation preference, 164

testing, amblyopia, 164 Monocular visual development, 157 Monofixation, 151, 174-175, 184

primary, 175 Monofixation syndrome, 182 Monosomy syndromes, 684, 1035

monosomy 21, 684 monosomy 22, 684

Moraxella, 339, 399 Morning glory disc anomaly,

922-924 Morquio's syndrome, 404, 1046 Mosaicism, 6 7 6 Motility, 869-870 Motion visual evoked potential, 96 Motor fusion, binocular vision, 149 Movements, ocular, 125-143 Mucocele, 315, 323-324 Mucolipidosis, 404, 1046, 1050, 1052 Mucopolysaccharidosis, 102,

403--404, 1041, 1045, 1046, 1051

Mueller cells, 561 Mulibrey Nanism syndrome, 1046 Multifactarial inheritance, 676 Multifocal electroretinogram, 91 Multifocal placoid, acute posterior,

641-642 Multifocal visual evoked potential,

95 Multiple endocrirre neoplasia,

784-785 Multiple lentigines syndrome, 1046

1073

Multiple myeloma, 5 73 Multiple pterygium syndrome, 1038 Multiple sclerosis, 514 Multiple synostosis syndrome, 1047 Muscle(s). See also specific musdes

action of, vs. field of action, 125-126

anatomy of, 127-134 contraction, 278 extraocular, histology, 134-135 eye, anatomy of, 127-134 paresis, 156 pull, mechanical disadvantage of,

250 pulleys, 135-136 recession, 2 78-281

adjustable suture technique, 279-281

hang-back technique, 279 shortening procedures, 281-282

plication, 282 resection, 281 tuck, 281-282

transposition procedures, 283-285 horizontal muscle transposition,

283 for rectus muscle palsy, 284-285 for small vertical deviations,

283-284 union modification, 285

Muscular dystrophy Duchenne's, 105 facio-scapulo-humeral, 906

Myasthenia gravis, 898 autoimmune, 898-901 congenital myasthenic syndromes,

898 slow-channel, 898 transient neonatal myasthenia,

898 Myasthenie syndromes, congenital,

898 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 757 Mydriasis

congenital, iris, 444--445 true, 445

Myelin production disorders, 981-983

Canavan's disease, 981-982 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease,

982-983 Myelinated nerve fibers, formation

of, 22 Myelination, 940 Myopia, 644-653

assessment of, 648 clinical features, 645-648 etiology, 644-645 fundus, 645-648 incidence, 644 inheritance, 649 intermediate, 644, 645, 646 pathological, 644, 646

1074

Myopia (continued) physiological, 644, 645, 646 prevention, 649-650 retinopathy of prematurity, 611-612 systemic associations, 648-649 treatment, 649-650 vitreous, 645

Myopie Strabismus fixus, 262 Myotonie dystrophy, 904-906, 1053

N Nager syndrome, 722, 1047 Nail-Patella syndrome, 1047 Nanophthalmos, 383-384, 416 Nasolacrimal duct, 33, 316 Nasolacrimal obstructions,

treatment of, 316-319 Nasolacrimal system, acquired

disorders of, 316 National Association for Visually

lmpaired, 76 National Hydrocephalus Foundation,

75 National Marfan Foundation, 76 National Neurofibromatosis

Foundation, 76 National Organization for Albinism

and Hypopigmentation, 76 National Organization for Rare

Disorders, 75 Near point of convergence, 229 Near reflex, 155

spasm, 883-884 Necrotizing anterior scleritis, 515 Necrotizing encephalopathy,

subacute, 980 Necrotizing interstitial keratitis, 402 Necrotizing stromal keratitis, 402 Negative angle kappa, 193 Negative electroretinogram, 103-105 Neisseria, 313, 335, 336, 337, 391,

399, 402, 889 Neonatal visual impairment,

1015-1016 causes of, with normal exam,

1015-1016 delayed visual maturation, 1015 high ametropia, 1015 infantile retinal dystrophy,

1015-1016 infantile Batten's disease, 1016 Joubert's syndrome, 1015-1016 Leber's amaurosis, 1015 peroxisomal disorders, 1016

saccade palsy, 1015 Neovascular inflammatory

vitreoretinopathy, autosomal dominant, 563-564

Neural crest cell formation, 3-4 melanocyte-derived tumors,

438-439

INDEX

Neural ectoderm, formation of, 3 Neural folds, formation of, 3 Neural groove, formation of, 3 Neural origin, tumors of, 950 Neural plate, formation of, 3 Neural tube, formation of, 3 Neuroaxonal dystrophy, 976 Neuroblastoma, 327, 950 Neurocranial defects, 991-1003

Amold-Chiari malformation, 993-995

basilar impression, 997-999 cervico-occipital proximity,

diseases of, 993 cranial-vertebral border,

abnormalities of, 997-999 Klippel-Feil syndrome, 999-1000 meningomyelocele, 995-997 Parry-Romberg disease, 991-993 platybasia, 997-999 progressive hemifacial atrophy,

991-993 Neurocrestopathies, 494 Neurocutaneous syndromes, 766-789

ataxia-telangiectasia, 777-778 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome,

781-782 multiple endocrirre neoplasia,

784-785 neurofibromatosis 1, 766-769 neurofibromatosis 2, 769-771 neuroma, 766 proteus syndrome, 785-787 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 778-781 tuberaus sclerosis complex,

771-774 von Hippel-Lindau disease,

774-777 Wyburn-Mason syndrome, 782-784

Neurodegenerative conditions, 112-113, 970--990

familial dysautonomia, 984 Hallervorden-Spatz disease, 984 hereditary ataxia syndromes,

984-985 ataxia telangiectasia, 985 spinocerebellar ataxias, 984-985

Krabbe's disease, 970-974 leukodystrophy, 970--976 lysosomal storage diseases,

970--976 metachromatic leukodystrophy,

974-975 mitochondrial diseases, 979-981

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, 981

Leigh syndrome, 980 myelin production disorders,

981-983 Canavan's disease, 981-982 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease,

982-983

neuroaxonal dystrophy, 976 neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis,

975-976 peroxisomal diseases, 976-979

adrenoleukodystrophy, 977-978 Refsum disease, 978-979 Zellweger phenotype, 979

subacute sclerosing pancencephalities, 983-984

Neurofibromas, 362, 439 Neurofibromatosis, 309, 367, 439,

440, 582, 766-769, 769-771, 1047

Neurokeratitis, 313 Neurolemmomas, 362 Neurolipidosis, 102 Neurological disorders, 667-668 Neuroma, 766 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, 105,

548, 975-976 Neuro-ophthalmology, 863-1055

exam, 865-875 color vision, 873 confrontation visual fields,

871-873 doll's head maneuver, 869 funduscopic exam, 873-874 history, 865 low-illumination acuity testing,

866-867 motility, 869-870 neurological evaluation, 874-875 nystagmus, 870--871 optokinetic nystagmus testing,

866 pupillary examination, 867-869 visual acuity, 865-866 visual evoked potential, 867

problems, management of, 1004-1018

Neuroretinitis, 340, 845 subacute, 636-63 7

bilateral, 637 N eurosensory retina, formation of, 7 Neurotoxin, botulinum, 290--291 Neuroviscerallipidosis, familial,

1039 Neutral density filter effect, 163 Nevoid basal cell carcinoma

syndrome, 1040 Nevus

acquired, 363 congenital, 363 inflamed, 366 of Jadahsson, 754, 1044 lid, 306 of Ota, 365 sebaceous

of Jadassohn, 581, 754 linear, 754

New England Retinablastoma Support Group, 76

Niemann-Piek disease, 405 Night blindness, stationary,

congenital, 104-105 Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome, 1043 Niotocele, 315 Nod, 954 Nodular anterior scleritis, 515 Nodular episcleritis, 515 Nomenclature, ophthalmoscopically-

based, historical origin of, 523 Nonaccommodative esotropia,

acquired, 219 Nonan syndrome 1, 1048 Nongranulomatous anterior uveitis,

chronic, 499 Nonperforating anterior segment

trauma, 84-85 Nonprogressive headaches, chronic,

1008-1009 Nonvascular hamartomas, 576-583

astrocytic hamartoma, 581 bear tracks, 577, 578, 582 choroidal nevus, 576 choroidal osteoma, 580-581 gastrointestinal polyposis, 578-579 melanocytoma, 576-577 neurofibromatosis, 582 retinal pigment epithelium

congenital hypertrophy of, 577-578

hyperplasia, 5 79 retina, 579-580

tuberaus sclerosis, 581-582 NORD. See National Organization

for Rare Disorders Normal AC/A ratio, 199 Normal optical development, 1-54 Norrie's disease, 572, 659, 1048 North Carolina macular dystrophy,

534-535 Norum disease, 405 Nuclear cataract, 452 Nyctalopia, 401, 640 Nystagmus, 870-871, 954--969

acquired, 961 causing compensatory head

posturing, 273-274 clinical features of, 956-963 congenital, with constant

esotropia, 220 convergence-retraction, 962 downbeat, 962 early infantile, 956 electroretinogram/visual evoked

potentials, combined, 113 etiology, 954-956 fast phase of, 876 gaze-evoked, 961-962 history, 954 incidence, 954 infantile nystagmus syndrome, 956

vision loss, 960

INDEX

latent, 166, 207, 219 localizing forms, acquired, 962 manifest latent, 219-220 neonatal, 956 optokinetic, 127 pendular, 962 periodic altemating, 961 seesaw, 271 sensory, 162 spasmus nutans, 960-961 surgery treatment, 2 7 4 voluntary, 963

Nystagmus blockage syndrome, 220-221

Nystagmus compensation syndrome, 220-221

Nystazein, 954

0 Oblique muscle, 130-134

clinical evaluation, 234 dysfunction, 232-249, 234-248 inferior, 132-134

anterior transposition, 285 extirpation-denervation, 285 myotomy, 285 overaction, 207, 243-245 paresis, 241-242 recession, 285 surgical weakening, 244-245,

285-287 primary oblique overaction, vs.

paresis, 234-236 Bielschowsky head tilt test,

234-235 Parks tree-step test, 235-236 Wright's rule, 235

superior, 131-132 overaction, 242-243 paresis, 236-239, 240-241 plication, 287 tenotomy, 288-289 tightening procedures, 287-288 tuck, 287 weakening procedures, 288-289

Oblique tendon expander, Wright, 247, 288, 289

Occipital hemisphere dysfunction, unilateral, 113

Occlusion amblyopia, 169 exotropia, 225-226

Occlusive contact lens, 169 Ochronosis, 406, 750-751 Ocular adnexa, 39-41 Ocular dysgenesis, 23-36

anterior segment dysgenesis, 29-30 congenital glaucoma, 30-31 comea plana, 29 cryptophthalmos, 27-29 dermoids, 27 exencephaly, 33-34

1075

frontonasal dysplasia, 34-36 holoprosencephaly, 33 malformation complexes, 31-33 microphthalmia, 23 optic fissure closure anomalies,

23-27 persistent hyperplastic primary

vitreous, 31 pupillary anomalies, 31 retinal dysplasia, 31 sclerocomea, 29

Ocular dysmetria, 963 Ocular flutter, 963 Ocular herpes simplex, primary,

341-342 Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome,

637 Ocular lens, 476-477 Ocular melanocytosis, 364 Ocular motility disorders, 876-917

central nervaus system disorder, 876-897

double elevator palsy, 883 extraocular muscle(s), disorders of,

901-902 innervation anomalies, 893-897

Duane's syndrome, 893-895 seventhnerve, 897 sixth nerve, 893-896 synergistic divergence, 895-896 third nerve, 896-897

intemuclear ophthalmoplegia, 884

Keams-Sayre syndrome, 902-904 Mobius' syndrome, 906 monocular elevation deficiency,

883 myotonic dystrophy, 904--906 near reflex, spasm, 883-884 nerve, muscle, disorders of,

902-907 neuromuscular junction, disorders

at, 898-901 autoimmune myasthenia gravis,

898-901 myasthenia gravis in infancy,

898 ocular motor cranial nerve palsies,

884-893 combined, 891-893 fourth nerve palsy, 887-889 sixth nerve palsies, 885-887 third nerve palsy, 889-891

peripheral nervaus system disorder, 876-897

supranuclear eye movements, 876-884

Ocular motility recordings, 965-966 Ocular motor apraxia, 880

congenital, 880 Ocular motor examination, 189-203

amblyopia assessment, 190

1076

Ocular motor examination (continued)

amblyopia assessment/visual acuity, 190

clinical distance-near relationship, 200

cycloplegic refraction, 203 distance-near relationship, 200 ductions, 190-191 history, 189 inspection, 189-190 Lancaster red-green test, 200-202 measuring ocular deviation,

191-200 ocular deviation, 191-200 order of, 189-203 paresis, 202-203 physical examination, 189 restriction, 202-203 sensory tests, 190 strabismic patient, 189 versions, 190-191 visual acuity, 190

Ocular movements, 125-143 ductions, 125 muscle action vs. field of action,

125-126 smooth pursuit vs. saccadic eye

rnovernents, 126-127 Ocular opacity, 106-107 Ocular oscillations, 954-969 Ocular position, 125 Ocular restriction, 156, 250 Ocular rotations, physiology of,

139-142 Ocular tilt reaction, 889 Ocular torticollis, causes of, 274 Ocular traurna. See Trauma Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia,

357 Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrurn,

722-724 Oculocerebrorenal syndrorne, 1048 Oculodentodigital syndrorne, 1048 Oculo-dento-osseous dysplasia,

757-758 Oculoderrnal rnelanocytosis, 365,

754 Oculoglandular syndrorne,

Parinaud's, 845 Oculornandibulodyscephaly,

725-72 7, 1040 Oculornotor palsy, with cyclic

spasrns, 891 Oculornotor reflexes, 141 Oculornotor synkinesis, 890--891,

896 Oguchi's disease, 104 Oil-drop cataract, 456 Oligodendrogliornas, 950 Ornphalocele, 1022 Onychoosteodysplasia, 104 7

INDEX

Opacification, of comea at birth, 391-393 in childhood, adolescence, 394-403 in infants, 393-394

Ophthalrnia, syrnpathetic, 512, 637-639

Ophthalmia neonatorum, 313 Ophthalrnornyiasis, 636-63 7 Ophthalrnoplegia, 892 Ophthalmoplegie rnigraine, 891 Opitz G/BBB syndrorne, 833-834 Opitz syndrorne, 1048 Opitz-Frias syndrorne, 1048 Opitz-Kaveggia FG syndrorne, 1038 Opportunistic ocular infections,

635-636 Opsoclonus, 963 Optic atrophy, hereditary, 109 Optic cup, 5-13 Optic disc

coloborna, 924-925 elevation, 1010 pigrnentation, congenital, 931-932 swollen, 1010-1011

Optic fissure closure anornalies, 23-27 formation of, 12-13

Optic nerve, 22 abnorrnalities, congenital, 918-935 Aicardi's syndrorne, 932-933 avulsion, 85 cornpression, 108-109 disorders, 107-109 excavated optic disc anornalies,

922 gliorna, 109, 330 hypoplasia, 108, 918-922, 1017

Magie Foundation, 75 injury, 85 megalopapilla, 927 rneningioma, 330-331 rnoming glory disc anornaly,

922-924 optic disc coloborna, 924-925 optic disc pigrnentation, 931-932 optic pit, 928-929 papillorenal syndrorne, 933-934 peripapillary staphylorna, 925-927 pits, 660 tilted disc syndrorne, 929-931 tongue-shaped infrapapillary

depigrnentation, 933 Optic neuritis, 108 Optic neuropathy

radiation, 86 traurnatic, 85

Optic pit, 928-929 forrnation of, 3

Optic stalk, formation of, 12 Optic sulci, forrnation of, 3, 6 Optic vesicle, 5-13

formation of, 6

Optical trauma, 77-89 airbag traurna, 88 angle recession, 84-85 anterior segrnent traurna,

nonperforating, 84-85 hattered child syndrorne, 77-79 birth, 84 cataracts, traurnatic, 85 chernical bums, 85-86 choroidal rupture, 85 cornrnotio retinae, 85 conjunctival foreign body, 84 comea

abrasion, 84 foreign body, 84 hydrops, 84 wound healing, 83

dysthyroid rnyopathy, 902 globe

perforating injuries, 82-84 ruptured, 82-84

hypherna, 79-82 rnanagernent, 80-81 surgery, 81-82

iridocyclitis, 506 iritis, traurnatic, 84 lid laceration, 86 nonperforating anterior segrnent,

84-85 optic nerve injury, 85 orbital traurna, 86-88

foreign body, 86 orbital floor fracture, 86-88

phthisis bulbi, 84 physician's responsibility, with

hattered child syndrorne, 79 radiation injury, 86 retina

break, 85 hernorrhages, 78-79 traurna, 85

scleral wound healing, 83 subconjunctival hernorrhage, 84 subluxation, lens, traurnatic, 85 Terson's retinopathy, 79

Optokinetic nystagrnus, 127 testing, 866

Optotype, 62-63 Oral-facial-digital syndrorne I,

1048 Orbinocular fixation preference,

rnonocular fixation, 164 Orbit, 39-41

cellulitis, 321-323 congenitally shallow, 329-330 developrnent of, 39-41 disease, 321-332 encephalocele, 329 floor fracture, 86-88, 258-259 rnyositis, 902 pseudoturnor, 323 teratorna, 325

trauma, 86-88 foreign body, 86 orbital floor fracture, 86-88

varix, 325 Organic amblyopia, 159 Organoid nevus syndrome, 35 7 Omithine, 664 Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis

spectrum, 1048 Orthophoria, 150 Orthostatic reflex, 141 Orthotropia, 149 Oscillations, saccadic, 962-963

assessment of, 963 ocular motility recordings,

965-966 Oscillopsia, 967 Osseous choristoma, episcleral, 356 Osteogenesis imperfecta, 387,

744-745, 1048 Osteogenic sarcoma, 328 Osteomas, 328 Osteopetrosis, 758-759

infantile, 108 Oto-palato-digital syndrome, 1049 Outer retinal necrosis syndrome,

progressive, 858 Overaction, primary, 156 Oxalosis, 536 Oxycephaly, 1022 Oxygen, in retinopathy of

prematurity, 602-605

p

Pachygyria, 942 Pachyonychia confenita syndrome,

1049 Paliister-Hall syndrome, 1049 Pallister-Killian syndrome, 1043 Palsy, 250, 887

double elevator, 257 inhibitional, contralateral

antagonist, 238-239 oculomotor, with cyclic spasms,

891 pseudoinferior rectus, 258

Pancencephalities, subacute sclerosing, 983-984

Panencephiltis, sclerosing, subacute, 855

Panum's fusional area, 144 Papillae, 362 Papilloma virus conjunctivitis,

342-343 Papillorenal syndrome, 933-934 Paradoxical diplopia, 176 Paradoxical pupillary constriction,

868 Paralytic rectus muscles, 250-254

forced ductions, 252-253 force-generation test, 253 intraocular pressure, 253

INDEX

lid fissure, 253-254 ocular restriction, 250-252 paresis, 250 restriction vs. paresis, 252-254 saccadic velocity measurements,

252 Paralytic strabismus

aplasia, extraocular muscles, 270 craniosynostosis, 270 Duane's retraction syndrome,

264-268 fourth nerve palsy, 268 inferior oblique paresis, 268 Mobius syndrome, 268-269 sinus surgery, medial rectus

muscle injury, 269-2 70 sixth nerve palsy, 262-264 third nerve palsy, 268 types of, 262-270

Parasitic diseases, 849-852 toxocariasis, 849-851 toxoplasmosis, 851-852

Parental reactions, to diagnosis of blindness, 72-73

Parents and Cataract Kids, 76 Parents of Chronically Ill Children,

75 Paresis, 156, 202-203, 250

congenital superior oblique, 239-240

diagnosing restriction vs., 252-254 divergence, 262 extraocular muscle, 156 inferior oblique, 241-242, 268 primary oblique overaction vs.,

234-236 sixth nerve, 283 superior oblique, 236-239, 240-241

congenital, 239-240 traumatic, 239 treatment of, 240-241

Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, 339-340, 845

Parkspoker straight, 274 Parks tree-step test, 235-236 Parry-Romberg disease, 991-993 Pars planitis, 506, 629-630 Patau's syndrome, 682-683, 1054 Pathophysiology of, 603-604 Patient history, 57 Pattern distortion, 160

amblyopia, unilateral, 161-162 Pattern dystrophy, 530-533 Pattern electroretinogram, 91, 93 Pattern reversal visual evoked

potential, 96 Pattem-onset visual evoked

potential, 96 P AX6 gene, 493 Peau d'orange fundus, 664 Pediatric eye examination, 57-67

autorefractors, 66

1077

color vision assessment, 63 City University Color Vision

Test, 63 Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic

color plates, 63 Richmond pseudoisochromatic

plates, 63 cantrast sensitivity assessment,

63-64 cycloplegia, 65-66 dilatation, 65-66 extemal examination, 60 fundus examination, 66 history, 57 intraocular pressure

measurements, 65 keratometry, 65 physical examination, 57-66 pupillary examination, 64 rapport, establishing, 57-58 red reflex, 64

Bruckner reflex test, 64 photoscreening, 64

slit lamp examination, 64-65 uncooperative child, 58-60

anesthesia, 60 chloral hydrate, 58-59 DPT, 60 sedation, 58

visual acuity assessment preverbal, 60-62 verbal, 62-63

visual fields, 63 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, 113,

982-983 Penalization, amblyopia, 169 Pena-Shokeir syndrome, 1033, 1049 Penetrating keratoplasty, 418 Peninsula pupil, 445 Penta X syndrome, 1057 Peppe syndrome, 1034 PERG. See Pattern electroretinogram Perheentupa syndrome dwarfism,

Mulibrey type, 1046 Perinatallethai hypophosphatasia,

1042 Periodic altemating nystagmus, 961 Perioxisomal biogenesis disorders,

977 Peripapillary staphyloma, 925-927 Peripapillary vascular loops, 655 Peripheral neurofibromatosis, 439 Peripheral retinal detachment, 514 Periphlebitis, retinal, 629 Periventricular leukomalacia, 919,

938 Peroxisomal disorders, 101, 976-979,

1016 adrenoleukodystrophy, 977-978 Refsum disease, 978-979 Zellweger phenotype, 979

1078

Persistent fetal vasculature, 659 Persistent hyperplastic vitreous, 21,

31, 454-455 Persistent pupillary membranes, 444,

451 formation of, 17 iris, 444

Peter's anomaly, 377-380, 494, 1049 with short-limb dwarfism, 1049

Peters' plus syndrome, 380, 1049 Pfeiffer's syndrome, 715-716, 1049 Phakomatoses, 569 Pharyngoconjunctival conjunctival

fever, 342 Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis,

347 Phoria, 149 Phoria-tropia syndrome, 17 4 Photocoagulation, retinopathy of

prematurity, 621 Photoreceptor disorders, 548-551 Photoscreening, 64 Phthisis bulbi, 84 Physical examination, 57-66

color vision assessment, 63 City University Color Vision

Test, 63 Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic

color plates, 63 Richmond pseudoisochromatic

plates, 63 dilatation, 65-66 extemal examination, 60 fundus examination, 66

Physician hattered child, responsibilities, 79 role in communication of

diagnosis, 71, 73-74 Physiological diplopia, 145-146 Physiological positive angle kappa,

193 Physiology, eye movements, 125-143 Phytanic acid, 978 Pierre-Robin anomaly, 558 Pierre-Robin malformation complex,

746 Pigment epitheliopathy, 641-642 Pigmentary retinopathy, unilateral,

551 Pigmentation, optic disc, congenital,

931-932 Pigmented epithelium -derived

tumors, 439 Pinguecula, 359 Pion uvea, 445 Pit, optic, 928-929 Pitt-Danks syndrome, 1035 Pituitary ectopia, posterior, 921 Plagiocephaly, 717-718 Plasmodium, 566 Plasticity, prolonged, 178

INDEX

Platybasia, 993, 997-999 Pleoptics, 170 Pneumocystis carinii, 636 Poikloderma congenitale syndrome,

1051 Poland anomaly, 727 Polar bear tracks, 578 Poliosis, 639 Polycoria, 31, 446 Polycythemia, 573 Polydactyly, 666, 1022 Polydystrophy syndrome, pseudo-

Hurler, 1050 Polymorphaus dystrophy, posterior,

376, 381, 414 Positions of gaze, 196-197 Positive angle kappa, 192 Postaxial acrofacial dysostosis, 1045 Postchiasmal dysfunction, 112-113 Posterior blepharitis, 346, 348

dry eyes, 348 folliculosis, 348 meibomian gland dysfunction, 348

Posterior cataract, 453-45 7 Posterior commissural syndrome,

882 Posterior embryotoxon, 494 Posterior fixation suture, 268 Posterior keratoconus, 494 Posterior pigmented layer, iris, 430 Posterior pole, bilaterallesions of,

525-526 Posterior polymorphaus dystrophy,

376, 381, 414 Posterior scleritis, 515 Posterior synechiae, 444 Posterior uveitis, 507-516 Postinfectious polyneuritis, acute,

892 Postnatal development, 39-54

anterior chamber angle, 43-44 conjunctiva, 41-42 comea, 42 emmetropization, 49-50 extraocular muscle, 45-46 foveola, 47 globe, 39 intraocular pressure, 44-45 iris, 43-44 lid, 39-41 ocular adnexa, 39-41 orbit, 39-41 preferentiallooking, 50 pupil, 43-44 refractive errors, 48-49 retina, 46-48 stereo acuity, 50-51 visual acuity, 50-51 visual evoked potentials, 50 visual field, 50-51

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, 441

Poyphyria, congenital, 407 Prader-Willi syndrome, 834-836,

1036 Preaxial acrofacial dysostosis, 722 Preeclampsia, 570 Preferentiallooking

development of, 50 Prematurity, of lens, 458 Prescribing guidelines, 293 Preseptal cellulitis, 321-323 Pressure measurements, intraocular,

65 Pretectal syndrome, 882 Preverbal child, visual acuity

assessment, 60-62 fixation, 60-61 optokinetic nystagmus, 61

Primary muscle disease, 250 Primitive streak, formation of, 3 Prism

diopters, 152, 294 neutralization, strabismus,

152-153 Strabismus, 151-152, 294-296

Prism altemate cover test, 195 Professional kindness, in

communication of diagnosis, 74

Progeria syndomre, 1050 Prognathism, 1022 Proliferation, cellular, disorders of,

941-942 Proprioceptive eye position control,

155 Proprionobacterium acnes, 516 Proptosis, 321-332, 397 Proteus syndrome, 785-787,

836-837, 1050 Proximal convergence, 225 Proximal fusion, tenacious, 155 Pseudo-Brown's syndrome, 251 Pseudodivergence excess, 225-226

patch test, 225-226 Pseudo-esotropia, 208 Pseudo-fovea, 175 Pseudoglioma, 1048 Pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy

syndrome, 1050 Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 463 Pseudoinferior rectus palsy, 258 Pseudomonas, 339, 516 Pseudomydriasis, 445 Pseudopapilledema, 101 0-1011 Pseudopolycoria, 31, 434, 446 Pseudotorsion, 140 Pseudotumor, orbital, 323 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum,

740-741 Pseydogerontoxon, 400 Pterygium, 359 Ptosis, 303 Pulled-in two syndrome, 260

Pulleys extraocular, architecture, 135 muscle, 135-136

Puncta, 314-315 Punctate epithelial erosions, 400 Pupil, 43-44

anomalies of, 31, 444-446 development of, 43-44 examination of, 64, 867-869

afferent pupillary defect, 867-868

anisocoria, 868-869 iris defects, 869 paradoxical pupillary

constriction, 868 Purkinje cells, 985 Purtscher's retinopathy, 79, 571 Pyogenic granuloma, 360

R Racemose hemangioma, 655 Radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia

syndrome, 1050 Radiation cataracts, 86 Radiation injury, 86 Radiation keratopathy, 86 Radiation optic neuropathy, 86 Radiation retinopathy, 86 Ragged-red fibers, 979 Random dot stereo acuity test,

147-148 Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia

syndrome, 1050 Rapport with pediatric patient,

establishing, 57-58 Reaching Out: Directory of National

Organizations Related to Matemal and Child Health, 76

Recessive retinitis pigmentosa, X­linked, 546

Reciprocal innervation, Sherrington's law of, 140

Rectus muscle, 127-134 paralytic, 250-254

forced ductions, 252-253 force-generation test, 253 intraocular pressure, 253 lid fissure, 253-254 ocular restriction, 250-252 paresis, 250 restriction vs. paresis, 252-254 saccadic velocity measurements,

252 slipped, 138, 289 superior, 129 transposition, for torsion, 285

Recurring pattem syndrome, 706 Red filter test, 179-180 Red reflex, 64

amblyopia, 167 Bruckner reflex test, 64 photoscreening, 64

INDEX

Reflex saccades, 876 Refraction, in children, 292-293 Refractive errors, 292-293

development of, 48-49 Refsum disease, 664, 751, 978-979

infantile, 977 Regional Suppression, strabismus,

177-178 Reis-Buckler's dystrophy, 411 Renal disease, 464 Renal tubular acidosis 11, 1050 Renal-coloboma syndrome, 994 Response maturation,

electrophysiological testing, 99-100

delayed visual maturation, 100 electroretinogram, 99-100 visual evoked potentials, 100

Restriction, ocular, 156 testing, 203

Restrictive Strabismus, 250-254 double elevator palsy, 257-258 extraocular muscles, congenital

fibrosis, 257 fat adherence, 255-256 glaucoma explants, 261-262 Grave's ophthalmopathy, 256-257 local anesthetics, myotoxic effect

of, 259-260 monocular elevation deficit

syndrome, 257-258 myopic strabismus fixus, 262 orbital floor fracture, 258-259 retinal surgery, strabismus after,

260-261 types of, 255-262

Reticular dystrophy, Sjogren's, 531 Retina, 19-21, 46-48, 629-643, 663

angioid streaks, 660-661 Bull's-Eye maculopathy, 662-663 cherry-red spot, 654-655 congenital disease, 663 deafness, 665-666 development of, 46-48 disease, 521-672 facial dysmorphism, 666-667 foveal hypoplasia, 658-659 fundus pattems, 654-664 geographic pigmentary

disturbances, 663-664 hepatic disease, 667 ichthyosis, 664-665 leukocoria, retinal causes of, 664 macular coloboma, 656-658 neurological disorders, 667-668 neuromuscular disorders, 667-668 pattems, 654-672 polydactyly, 666 retinal detachment, 659-660 salt-and-pepper fundus, 661-662 skeletal anomalies, 666-667 stature, 666-667

1079

systemic disorders associated with, 664-668

treatable systemic disorders, 668-669

vitreoretinal dysplasia, aplasia, 661 Retinal arteriolar tortuosity, familial,

655 Retinal break, traumatic, 85 Retinal correspondence

anomalous, 184-185 normal, 184 suppression, vs. anomalous,

180-181 Retinal detachment, 659-660

peripheral, 514 Retinal dysplasia, 31, 659 Retinal dystrophy, 1015-1016

crystalline, 536 Doyne honeycomb, 534

Retinal hemorrhages, 78-79 Retinal image, blurred, bilateral,

162-163 Retinal necrosis, 510

acute, 633-634 Retinal periphlebitis, 629 Retinal pigment epithelium

congenital hypertrophy of, 577-578

formation of, 7 hyperplasia, 579 retina, 5 79-580

Retinal trauma, 85 Retinal vascular disorders, 566-575

allergic granulomatosis, 572 anemia, 573 carotid cavemous fistula, 574 Coat's disease, 567-569 congenital vascular loops, 574 diabetic retinopathy, 569-570 Eales disease, 571 fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy,

572-573 Goodpasture syndrome, 572 hypertensive retinopathy, 570 hyperviscosity syndromes, 573 hypomelanosis of Ito, 571-572 incontinentia pigmenti, 571 Kawasaki's disease, 573-574 leukemia, 5 73 Norrie's disease, 572 phakomatoses, 569 Purtscher's retinopathy, 571 shaken baby syndrome, 570-571 sickle cell disease, 566-567 Takayasu's arteritis, 572 Terson's syndrome, 570 tortuosity, 655-656 vein occlusions, 574

Retinal vasculature, formation of, 20-21

Retinal-renal syndromes, 548 Retinitis, cytomegalovirus, 636

1080

Retinitis pigmentosa, 514, 539-555 color vision testing, 550 digenic, 546 digenic retinitis pigmentosa, 546 hereditary, 545-546 recessive, X-linked, 546 with systemic diseases, 547-548

Retinoblastoma, 514, 584-599, 664, 1050

diffuse infiltrating, 592 genetic counseling, 593-594 staging of, 589-590 treatment of, 594-595

Retinablastoma International, 76 Retinochoroiditis, 340

toxoplasmic, 507 Retinopathy

of prematurity, 495, 600-628, 655 anisometropia, 611-612 astigmatism, 611-612 clinical research, 624 CRYO-ROP study, 618, 619-620 cryotherapy, 617-618 differential diagnosis, 613-614 examination, 614-616 foveal avascular zone, 612 glaucoma, 612-613 incidence of, 600-602 international classification of,

605-608 management of, 621-624 myopia, 611-612 ocular findings in, 611-612 oxygen, supplemental, 617 oxygen in, 602-605 pathogenesis, 602-605 photocoagulation, 621 prophylaxis, 616-621 regressed, late complications of,

612-613 retinal detachment, late-onset,

613 scleral buckling, 622-623 screening, 614-615 stages, clinicopathological

correlation, 608-611 Purtscher's, 571

Retinoschisis, juvenile, X-linked, 551, 560-561, 660

Retinoscopy dry, 292 dynamic, 292

Retrolental fibroplasia, 605 Reverse amblyopia, 169 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 326-327, 362,

439 Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile,

631-632 Rhizomelle chondrodysplasia, 977

punctata, 464, 1033 Richmond pseudoisochromatic

plates, 63

INDEX

Rieger's anomaly, 372, 433, 494 Rieger's syndrome, 494, 1050 Rigid gas-permeable lenses, 470 Riley-Day syndrome, 352, 395, 984 Riley-Smith syndrome, 1031 Ring 4, 685 Ring 6, 685 Ring 11, 687 Ring 12, 687 Ring 13, 687 Ring 14, 688 Ring 15, 688 Ring 17, 688 Ring 18, 689 Ring 21, 689 Ring 22, 689 Rivalry, binocular vision, 148-149 Robinow's syndrome, 1051 Rod

cone activity, separation of, 91 dystrophy, 539-544 inborn errors of metabolism,

101-102 Maddox test, 183, 201 monochromatism, 103 torsion, 201

Role of physician, in communication of diagnosis, 71, 73-74

Rosenthal-Kloepfer syndrome, 1029 Rothmund-Thomson syndrome,

1051 Rubbeosis iridis, 443 Rubell~ 634-635, 856-858

cataracts, 458-461 congenital, 661

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, 837-838, 1051

Ruptured globe, 77 · management of, 83-84 Ruvalcabe-Myhre syndrome, 1031

s Sabre shins, 635 Saccade initiation failure, 880 Saccade palsy, 1015 Saccades, 876

spontaneous, 876 Saccadic eye, vs. smooth pursuit,

126-127 Saccadic movements, 126, 962-963

assessment of, 963 ocular motility recordings,

965-966 Saccadic velocity measurement,

202-203 Saddle nose, 635 Sagittal synostosis, 710 Salmon patch hemorrhages, 566 Salmonella, 503 Salt-and-pepper fundus, 661-662 Sandhoff disease, 405, 1039 Sanfilippo syndrome, 1051

Santavouri-Haltia disease, 975 Sarcoidosis, 503-504, 630-631 Saturn's ring, 745 Sawthre-Chotzen syndrome, 1051 Scaphocephaly, 1022 Scheie's syndrome, 404, 1051 Schinzel-Giedion midface-retraction

syndrome, 1051 Schirmer test, 348 Schizencephaly, 919

cortical visual impairment, 936 Schlemm's canal, formation of, 19 Schmid-Fraccaro syndrome, 1033 Schnyder's central corneal

dystrophy, 414 Schwart-Jampel syndrome, 1051 Sclera

buckling, retinopathy of prematurity, 622-623

formation of, 19 wound healing, 83

Scleritis, 515-516 anterior, diffuse, 515 necrotizing anterior, 515 nodular anterior, 515 posterior, 515

Sclerocornea, 29, 391, 417-418 Scleroschoroidal calcification, 581 Sclerosing panencephiltis, subacute,

855 Sclerosteosis, 1051 Scotoma

facultative, 17 4 suppression, 159

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, 343-344

Seborrheic blepharoconjunctivitis, 347-348

Seckel's syndrome, 1052 Secondary intraocular lens, 470 Sedation, in patient examination, 58 Seesaw nystagmus, 271 Senior-Loken syndrome, 667 Sensory adaptations, strabismus, 172 Sensory exotropia, 230 Sensory fusion, 144-149 Sensory nystagmus, 162 Sensory Strabismus, 150 Septo-optic dysplasia, 919, 941,

1052 Seventh nerve, innervation anomaly,

897 intrafacial synkinesis, 897 Marin-Amat syndrome, 897

Sex-determining chromosomes, 694-695

Shaken baby syndrome, 5 70-5 71 Sheen macular dystrophy,

fenestrated, 536 Sherrington's law, 140-141 Shield ulcer, 344 Shigella, 503

Shprintzen-Go1dberg craniosynostosis syndrome, 1052

Shunt b1ockage, cortical visual impairment, 93 7

Sialidosis syndrome, 1046 Sialolipidosis syndrome, 1052 Sickle cell disease, 566-567 Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies, 80 Sickle disc, 566 Sickle retinopathy, 566 Siderosis, 640-641 Silicone elastomer lenses, 470 Silicone tendon expander, 247-248 Simpson -Golabi-Behmel syndrome,

1052 Simultaneaus prism cover test, 197 Single gene mutation, 676 Sinus surgery, medial rectus muscle

injury, 269-270 Sixth nerve

innervation anomaly, 893-896 palsy, 262-264, 885-887

Sjogren-Larsson syndrome, 664, 751 Sjogren's reticular dystrophy, 531 Skeletal dysplasias, 757-759

oculo-dento-osseous dysplasia, 757-758

osteopetrosis, 758-759 Skeletallens, 477 Skin disorders, 749-757

a1binism, 749-750 Cochayne syndrome, 752-753 ectodermal dysplasia, 755-756 erythema multiforme, 757 focal dermal hypoplasia, 753-754 ichthyosis, 751-752 incontinentia pigmenti, 752 juvenile xanthogranuloma,

756-757 linear nevus sebaceous, 754 ochronosis, 750-751 oculodermal melanocytosis, 754 Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 757 Xeroderma pigmentosum, 754-755

Slipped rectus muscle, 289-290 Slit 1amp examination, 64-65 Slow-channel congenita1 myasthenia

gravis, 898 Sly syndrome, 404, 1046 Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, 463,

1053 Smooth pursuit, 879

asymmetry, 158 vs. saccadic eye, 126-127

Snowball opacities, 506, 629 Snowbank, 506 SnowHake vitreoretinal

degeneration, 562-563 Snusti, 954 Soft tissue tumors, primary, 439 Somite development, 4-5

INDEX

Somitomeres, formation of, 4 Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, 535-536 Sotos syndrome, 1053 Spasmus nutans, 960-961 Spectacles, aphakic, 4 71 Spherophakia, 477, 495 Spherophakia-brachymorphia,

476-477 Sphincter, iris, 430 Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren, 975 Spinocerebellar ataxias, 984-985 Spiral of Tillaux, 128 Spitz nevi, 366 Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis

syndrome, 1053 Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 660

congenita, 1053 tarda, 1053

Spondylothoractic dysplasia syndrome, 1042

Spontaneaus saccades, 876 Spranger's syndrome, 1046 Spreading of tears, inadequate,

396-397 Squamous cell carcinoma, 359 Squamous cell papillomas, 358 Square-wave jerks, 963 Squint, 149 Staphylococcal blepharitis, 346-347 Staphylococcus aureus, 335, 339,

340, 399, 516 Staphyloma, peripapillary, 925-927 Stargardt's disease, 103, 526-528,

662 Starling's length-tension curve, 278 Stationary night blindness,

congenital, 104-105, 548-549 Steady state visual evoked potential,

95 Steinert myotonic dystrophy

syndrome, 1053 Stellate iris, 437 Stereo acuity

development of, 50-51 testing of, 146-148

contour stereo acuity test, 147 random dot stereo acuity test,

147-148 Stereoscopic vision, 144-145 Steroid-induced glaucoma, 496 Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 350-351,

757 Stickler's syndrome, 106, 557-559,

659, 746, 1053 STOP-ROP trial, 621-622 Strabismic amblyopia, 149, 160-161 Strabismus, 123-296

after retinal surgery, 260-261 comitant, 155 compensatory head posturing, 2 73 complex, 250-2 77 convergence, 155

1081

accommodative convergence, near reflex, 155

fusional convergence, 155 proximal, instrument

convergence, 155 tonic fusional convergence, 155 voluntary convergence, 155

comeallight reflex, 293-294 correction, with prisms, 294-296 dissociated, 250-277 evaluation of, 189 fixus esotropia, 25 7 fusional vergence amplitudes,

154-156 glaucoma explants and, 261-262 incomitant, 156, 254-255

causing compensatory head posturing, 2 73

mature visual system, 172-173 measurement of, deviations with

prisms, 294-296 paralytic, 262-2 70

aplasia, extraocular muscles, 270 craniosynostosis, 270 Duane's retraction syndrome,

264-268 fourth nerve palsy, 268 inferior oblique paresis, 268 Mobius syndrome, 268-269 sinus surgery, medial rectus

muscle injury, 269-2 70 sixth nerve palsy, 262-264 third nerve palsy, 268 types of, 262-2 70

primary, vs. secondary deviation, 156

prisms, 151-152, 153-154, 294-296 neutralization, 152-153

restrictive, 250-254 double elevator palsy, 257-258 extraocular muscles, congenital

fibrosis, 257 fat adherence, 255-256 glaucoma explants, 261-262 Grave's ophthalmopathy,

256-257 local anesthetics, myotoxic

effect of, 259-260 myopic strabismus fixus, 262 orbital floor fracture, 258-259 retinal surgery, Strabismus after,

260-261 types of, 255-262

sensory adaptations, 172 vergence, prism-induced, 153-154

Strabismus fixus, 210, 262 esotropia, 257 myopic, 262

Strabismus surgery, 278-291 botulinum neurotoxin, 290-291 Faden procedure, 282-283 Rummelsheim procedure, 284-285

1082

Strabismus surgery (cantinued) inferior oblique muscle weakening

procedures, 285-287 Jensen procedure, 284 Knapp procedure, 284 muscle recession, 278-281 muscle shortening procedures,

281-282 muscle transposition procedures,

283-285 recession, 282 resection, 282 slipped, lost rectus muscle,

289-290 stretched insertion scar, 290 superior oblique muscle tightening

procedures, 287-288 superior oblique muscle weakening

procedures, 288-289 Streeter bands, 732-733 Streptococcus, 335, 338, 339, 399,

516 Stretched insertion scar, 290 Stromal dystrophy, 412--414

hereditary, congenital, 414 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 492--493,

569, 778-781, 1053 Subacute necrotizing

encephalopathy, 980 Subacute sclerosing

pancencephalities, 983-984 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis,

855 Subcapsular cataract, posterior, 456 Subcapsular lens, posterior, 456 Subconjunctival hemorrhage, 84

spontaneous, 84 traumatic, 84

Subepithelial nevus, 365 Subjective angle, 177 Subjective torsion, 151 Subluxation, lens, 473--476

traumatic, 85 Substantia propria, 356 Sulfiteoxidase deficiency, 477 Sunflower cataract, 641 Superior oblique muscle, 131-132

overaction, 242 palsy, 268 paresis, 236

bilateral, 236 congenital, 239-240 traumatic, 239 treatment of, 240-241 unilateral, 236

tightening procedures, 287-288 full-tendon tuck, plication,

287-288 Harada-lto procedure, 287

weakening procedures, 288-289 superior oblique tenotomy,

288-289

INDEX

Wright superior oblique tendon expander, 289

Superior oblique tendon, expander, Wright, 247, 288, 289

Suppression regional, 184 tests for, 186-188

Suppression scotoma, 159 Supraduction, 125 Supranuclear eye movements,

876-884 Supraversion, 142 Surface ectoderrn, formation of, 3 Surfactant, 616 Sursumduction, 125 Sutural cataract, 452--453 Sweep visual evoked potential, 95,

114 Swollen optic disc, 1010-1011

blurred disc margins, 1010-1011 optic cup, 1011 optic disc elevation, 1010 pseudopapilledema, 1010-1011 vascular abnorrnalities, 1011 venous pulsations, 1011

Sylvian aqueduct syndrome, 882 Sympathetic ophthalmia, 83, 512,

637-639 Symphalangism, 1022, 1047 Synapse formation, 940 Syndactyly, 1022 Synergistic divergence, 265, 895-896 Synergists, 141 Synkinesis, intrafacial, 897 Synophthalmia, 33 Synostosis, 1022 Syphilis, 635, 847-849

T Takayasu's arteritis, 572 Tamoxifen, 536 Taugier disease, 405 Tapetoretinal, 1022 Tapetum, 1022 Taybi syndrome, 1049 Tay-Sachs disease, 112, 655, 1039 Team of Advocates for Special Kids,

as resource, 76 Tears, inadequate spreading of,

396-397 Telecanthus, 302 10q plus syndrome, 103 7 Tenacious proximal fusion, 155 Tendon expander, superior oblique,

Wright, 247, 288, 289 Tenon's capsule, 136-138 Teratoma of orbit, 325 Terson's syndrome, 79, 570 Tetracycline, 340 Tetraploidy, 694 Tetrasomy 9p, 691 Thalidomide, 729

Thiabendazole, 631 Third nerve

innervation anomaly, 896-897 Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking, 897 oculomotor synkinesis, 896 vertical retraction syndrome,

896-897 palsy, 268, 889-891, 1013

congenital, 891 Thoraeie dystrophy

asphyxiating, 1042 Jeune, 1042

Three-step test, 235 Threshold retinopathy of

prematurity, 601 Thygeson's superficial punctate

keratitis, 401 Thygeson's superficial punctate

keratopathy, 401 Thyroid disease, 327-328 Tilt test, 235 Tilted disc syndrome, congenital,

929-931 Tissue of Kuhnt, formation of, 22 Tocopherols, 616 Tongue-shaped infrapapillary

depigmentation, 933 Tonic fusional convergence, 155, 225 Topamax-induced glaucoma, 494 Torsion

rectus muscle transposition for, 285

subjective, 151 Torticollis, 250-277

face tums and, 272-273 ocular, causes of, 274

Total cataract, 457 Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 350 Toxic keratopathy, 401 Taxacara canis, 193, 508, 631, 636,

637, 849, 850 Taxacara catis, 631, 849, 850 Toxocara eggs, 508 Toxocariasis, 508-509, 631, 849-851

ocular, 508-509 Taxaplasma gandii, 507, 631, 632,

851, 945 Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, 507 Toxoplasmosis, 507-508, 632-633,

851-852 Trabeculectomy, 82, 489, 491 Trabeculodysgenesis, isolated, 484 Trabeculotomy ab extemo, 489 Traction bands, 631 Transient neonatal myasthenia, 898 Transient opacities, 458 Transient visual evoked potential, 95 Transposition surgery, complications

of, 285 Trantas dots, 344 Trauma, 77-89

airbag, 88

angle recession, 84-85 anterior segment trauma,

nonperforating, 84-85 hattered child syndrome, 77-79 birth, 84 cataracts, 85

traumatic, 85 chemical bums, 85-86 choroidal rupture, 85 commotio retinae, 85 conjunctival foreign body, 84 comea, 393

abrasion, 84 foreign body, 84 hydrops, 84 wound healing, 83

dysthyroid myopathy, 902 glaucoma, 496

traumatic, 496 globe

perforating injuries, 82-84 ruptured, 82-84

hyphema, 79-82 management, 80-81 surgery, 81-82

iridocyclitis, 506 traumatic, 506

iritis, 84 traumatic, 84

lens, subluxation, 85 lid laceration, 86 nonperforating anterior segment,

84-85 optic nerve injury, 85 optic neuropathy, 85 orbital, 86-88

foreign body, 86 orbital floor fracture, 86-88

phthisis bulbi, 84 physician's responsibility, with

hattered child syndrome, 79 radiation injury, 86 retina, 85

break, 85 hemorrhages, 78-79

scleral wound healing, 83 subconjunctival hemorrhage, 84 superior oblique paresis, 239 Terson's retinopathy, 79

Treacher Collins syndrome, 300, 720-722, 1054

Treponema pallidum, 513, 635, 848 Trichiasis, lash, 303 Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome,

1043 Trigonocephaly, 1022 Triple A syndrome, 314, 352 Triploidy, 694, 1054 Trisomy syndromes, 681-684

trisomy 4p, 1037 trisomy 8, 1054 trisomy 9, 1054

INDEX

trisomy 9p, 1037 trisomy 13, 1054

Trochlea, 132 Trochleitis, 245 Tropia, 149

intermittent, 150 Truth, in communication of

diagnosis, 7 4 Tuberculosis, 505 Tuberous sclerosis, 581-582, 771-774 Tubular visual field, 1006 Tumors, 946-952

of congenital origin, 356---358, 951-952

of glial origin, 946---950 of meningeal origin, 950-951 of neural origin, 950

Tunica vasculosa lentis, 17 Turbinate fracture, 318 Tumer-like syndrome, 1048 Tumer's syndrome, 694-695, 1057 Turricephaly, 1022 Twin pregnancy, cortical visual

impairment, 937 Tyrosinase, 7 49 Tyrosinemia, 406

u Uncooperative child, examination of,

58-60 under anesthesia, 60 chioral hydrate, 58-59 DPT, 60 sedation, 58

Uncrossed asymmetry, 111 Uncrossed diplopia, 146, 172 United Cerebra! Palsy Association,

75 Unknown genesis syndrome, 706 Usher syndrome, 101, 547-548, 665,

1055 Uveal melanoma, 595-596 Uveitis, 499-520

anterior, 501-506 Behcet's disease, 512-513 classification, 499 clinical features, 499 endophthalmitis, 516 episcleritis, 515-516 herpes simplex, 504-505 herpes zoster, 505 herpetic iridocyclitis, 504-505 intermediate, 340, 506-507 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,

501-503 juvenile spondyloarthropathies, 503 Lyme disease, 513 masquerade syndromes, 514 nonspecific therapy, 500-501 ocular manifestations of AIDS,

514-515 posterior, 507-516

V

1083

retinal necrosis syndrome, 510 sarcoidosis, 503-504 scleritis, 515-516 sympathetic ophthalmia, 512 toxocariasis, 508-509 toxoplasmosis, 507-508 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome,

510-512

Valve of Hasner, 313 Valve of Rosenmuller, 315 Varicella zoster, 398-399, 858-860 Vascular disorders, 566-575

allergic granulomatosis, 572 anemia, 573 carotid cavemous fistula, 57 4 Coat's disease, 567-569 congenital vascular loops, 574 diabetic retinopathy, 569-5 70 Eales disease, 571 fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy,

572-573 Goodpasture syndrome, 572 hypertensive retinopathy, 570 hyperviscosity syndromes, 573 hypomelanosis of lto, 571-572 incontinentia pigmenti, 571 Kawasaki's disease, 573-574 leukemia, 573 Norrie's disease, 572 phakomatoses, 569 Purtscher's retinopathy, 571 retinal, 566-575 shaken baby syndrome, 570-571 sickle cell disease, 566-567 Takayasu's arteritis, 572 Terson's syndrome, 570 tortuosity, retinal disease, 655-656 vein occlusions, 57 4

Vascular endothelial growth factor, 603

Vascular loops, congenital, 574 Vasoendothelial growth factor, 21 Vaso-obliteration, 21 Vectograpohic test, 186-187 Vein occlusion, 574 Velo-cardio-facial syndrome, 1052 Ventriculocele, 993 Verbal pediatric patient, visual

acuity assessment, 62-63 optotype, 62-63

Vergence, 149 prism-induced, 153-154

Vemal conjunctivitis, 344-345 Vemal keratoconjunctivitis, 400-401 Vemier visual evoked potential, 96 Version movement, 141-142 Vertical deviation, dissociated,

270-274 Vertical prism red filter test,

180-181

1084

Vertical prism test, amblyopia, 165-166

Vertical rectus muscles, 129-130 Vertical retraction syndrome,

896-897 Vertical vergence, fusional, 153 Vestibular apparatus, 876 Vestibulo-ocular reflex, 141 Vieth-Muller circle, 144 Vigabatrin, 109-110 Vinblastin, 110 Vincristine, 110 Viral diseases, 852-860

conjunctivitis, 340 epidemic keratoconjunctivitis,

340-341 Molluscum contagiosum, 342 papilloma virus conjunctivitis,

342-343 pharyngoconjunctival

conjunctival fever, 342 primary ocular herpes simplex,

341-342 herpes simplex, 852 keratitis, 397-399, 402 lymphocytic choriomeningitis

virus, 854--855 measles, 855-856 papillomata, lid, 307 rubella, 856-858 varicella-zoster, 858-860

Viscerallarval migrans, 850 Visual acuity, 50-51

assessment, preverbal, 60-62 development of, 50-51 neuro-ophthalmology exam,

865-866 Visual development, 157

abnormal, 158 binocular, 157 critical period, 157 milestones, 158 monocular, 157 normal, 157

Visual evoked potentials, 50, 90, 95-98, 867

acuity development, 114-115 cortical origin, 95-96 development of, 50 electroretinogram, combined

recording, 99 recording in children, 97-98 types of, 95

Visual field, 50-51, 63 Visualloss. See also Blindness

functional, 1004--1006

INDEX

hysterical, 115 Visuscope, 164 Vitamin deficiency, 110

vitamin A, 640 vitamin B12, 110 vitamin E, 110, 616-617

Vitelliform dystrophy, Best's, 528 Vitiligo, 639 Vitrectomy instrumentation, 82 Vitreoretinal disorders, 105-106

aplasia, 661 degeneration, snowflake, 562-563 dysplasia, 661

Vitreoretinal interface, disorders of, 556-565

Vitreoretinal surgery, 623-624 Vitreoretinochoroidopathy,

autosomal dominant, 563-564 Vitreoretinopathy, exudative,

familial, 561-562 Vitreous, 21-22, 629-643

disorders of, 556-565 opacity, 107

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, 510-512, 639-640

Voluntary convergence, 155 Voluntary nystagmus, 963 von Gierke's disease, 405 von Hippel-Lindau disease, 774--777,

1055 von Hippel syndrome, 569 von Recklinghaausen's disease, 439,

1047 V-pattern, 232-234, 248, 283

w Waardenburg syndrome, 302, 666,

730-731, 1056 Wagner's disease, 106, 559 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia,

573 Walker-Warburg syndrome, 838-839,

1056 Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear

ophthalmoplegia syndrome, 884

Warburg syndrome, 1056 Warkany syndrome, 1054 Weaversyndrome, 1056 Weiger's ligament, formation of, 22 Weill-Marchesani syndrome,

476-477, 495, 745, 1056 Werner syndrome, 1056 Whistling face syndrome, 1039 Wieger's capsulohyaloid ligament,

450, 468

Wildervanck syndrome, 728-730, 999, 1033

William's syndrome, 437-438, 1056 Wilms' tumor, 493 Wilm's tumor, gene, 435 Wilson's disease, 406-407, 463 Wolffin nodules, 437 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, 684-685,

1035 Worth 4-dot, 174, 181-183 Worth theory, 204 Wright plication, 139 Wright superior oblique tendon

expander, 247, 288, 289 Wright's rule, 235 Wyburn-Mason syndrome, 569, 655,

782-784

X Xanthogranuloma, juvenile, 79, 310,

361-362, 514, 756-757 Xeroderma pigmentosum, 359, 367,

753, 754--755 Xeroderma pigmentosum syndrome,

1056 Xerophthalmia, 640 X-linked alpha-thalassemia/mental

retardaion syndrome, 1057 X-linked ichthyosis, 751 X-linked recessive retinitis

pigmentosa, 546 X-linked retinoschisis, 105, 551,

560-561, 660 X-linked spondyloepiphyseal

dysplasia, 1053 XO syndrome, 105 7 X-pattern, 228, 233 XXX syndrome, 1057 XXXX syndrome, 1057 XXXXX syndrome, 1057 XXXXXY syndrome, 105 7 XXXXY syndrome, 1057

y Yoke muscles, Hering's law, 141-142 Y-pattern, 232 Y-splitting procedure, 267 Yunis-Varon syndrome, 1057

z Zellweger phenotype, 979 Zellweger's syndrome, 101, 407, 464,

977, 1057 Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome,

1037 Zonu1ar cataract, 453

~-----c-----.~

)J r-s ~~--------'- A -(--------~1

~ ..,... Facial measurements at different ages. A, Outer canthal distance. B, Inner canthal distance. C, Interpupillary distance. (From Feingold M, Bossert WH. Birth Defects 10:13, 1974; with permission.) These figures arealso printedas Figure 41.2 on pp. 708-709.

in. cm

4 10

~ 3.5 9

z ~ ." ö 8 .J < 3 l: 1-z < 7 u lr w ~ 2.5 0

6

2 5

A

_,.."..,

.... I-""""" ............... 1--

.,..,....

/ 1-f- /

/ V I-f- .....,V I/ V -~ ~ I/ I-' V

,......

/ -!--~

V /

V v .....-

V ..-

v ......... 1..- .........

..... f--- ..... V ...-

..... 1-

......... .....

...-!"""' ..... ~

..... ~ ~-~

~

1-........

%

97

75

50

25

3

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 MONTHS YEARS

AGE

in. cm 97"~ . 3.5

I-f-~

/ !--"'" - 75

1.25 30

~ V 1- ...... ~ I-........ V

V V '--1-~ 50

"" u / ..,_ ...... ~ V 25 z ~ "' ö 2.5 ..1

/ V V ....... ~

V ...... ~ ....- v V 1- - j/ ~ ;-~

3

< l: 1-z i3 5 .75

2.0

z

IL L 1----" ...... I--'" I I V V t-

I i I I

1/ V I -1/ v~ ' I ~ L

1.5 V 8 50

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 MONTHS YEARS

AGE

in. cm % 97

"' ~

2.25

"' ö ,.. lr 2.00 ~ ..1

~ G. lr 1.75 "' 1-!

1.50

1.25 c

6

-~ -......

5 V

1/ ,..... ...... -...-/ 1- -~ ~ -V ~ ~ ~ ~ ......

V ./ -1-

4 I ./ -...... ,...... I .... 1-'

V

/

.... .,..... V .....

...,..,_ ....... ........ .......

/ ~ ......... ...........

.,..,.... ....... v~'"""

.... V .... V ~

.... /

/ r----

.... f---~ -~

V

:,.....

I"""' -I'"""

..... p

75

50

25

3

30 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 MONTHS YEARS

AGE