Index a - see alpha p -see beta 8-function I 's complement

101 368

2-6 compounds - see II- VI compounds 2-port networks 118ff 2-port parameters, table 119 2's complement 368 3-5 compounds - see Ill- V compounds 3dB points 63

412ff 385-6 442ff

555 timer 7-segment display 8051 microcontroller II-VI compounds III-V compounds

AID converter- see ADC a-parameters abed parameters ABCD parameters absorption edge absorption, of e.m. radiation AC AC motor, control using PWM AC motor, electronic drives for AC resistance, of conductor acceptance angle acceptor, dopant accuracy Ada, programming language A dB

ADC addressing

direct immediate indirect register

admittance admittance parameters A; - see current gain ALGOL alkaline battery alpha, BJT parameter

128 128, 520

123 123 123 529

558ff 39ff 364

363ff 564 523 131 569 440 Ill

214ff

456 455 457 456 55

121

439 236ff

161 ALS - see Schottky, advanced low-power alternator - see synchronous generator aluminium, metallisation for ICs 193-4

587

AM 479ff bandwidth 479, 483 compared to FM 489 detection 157 power in 482

amplifers, BJT, comparison 175 amplifier - see also individual entries

class-A 220ff class-B 224ff class-C 226ff class-D 228ff push-pull 224

amplitude modulation - see AM amplitude response 110 amplitude-shift keying - see ASK analogue circuits 197ff analogue communications 477 AND, Boolean function 370 anode, diode 136 antenna current 482 antimony, dopant in silicon 193 Antonionou 204-5 apparent power 59 arc welding 310 archive 434 Argand diagram 46ff arithmetic, binary 367 arithmetic, on 8051 462ff arithmetic registers, on 8051 448 armature 258 armature reaction 275 ASCII 514n. ASCII code 428 ASK 504 assembler 421 assembly language 421 asynchronous machine 316 auto-transformer 308 Avi1 - see no-load voltage gain avalanche effect 144 avalanche photodiode 531 AvL - see voltage gain with load

B, magnetic flux density 244 b-parameters 123 Babbage, C 416n. back-e.m.f. 268 backing store 434 Backus, J W 439 Backus-Naur form 439

588

balanced demodulator, FM balanced load ballast bandgap energy bandgap, direct bandgap, indirect bandgap-reference device bandwidth

AM FM noise series RLC circuit PCM

Barkhausen criterion BASIC batteries

baud

performance of tables of

baud-rate generation BCD, and 7-segment display BCD numbers BCD numbers, on 8051 Bell, A G Bell Telephone Laboratories BER - see bit-error rate Bessel function, of first kind beta, BJT parameter bias, forward bias, reverse BiCMOS binary arithmetic binary modulation binary number binary-coded decimal - see BCD binary-decimal conversion

489 283, 285.ff

310 129 147 147 146

479, 483 485!! 492ff

63 511 208

421, 439 234ff

237 235, 239

514n. 451 385 369 465 477

20n., 440

485 161 133 132 387 367 504 366

367 bipolar junction transistor - see BJT bit 510

508 525

bit error rate bit rate, optical fibres BJT

inverter packages specifications switch theory of operation

BNC connector BNF - see Backus-Naur form Bode diagrams Bode, H W

160.ff 175 176 176 175 160

562

II Off II On.

Index

Boole, G 366n. Boolean algebra 369ff Boolean operation, microcontroller 459ff boron, dopant in silicon 130, 194 BORSCHT 537 Bowditch, N 584n. branch, definition 13n. break point Ill bridge - see also individual entries

automatic 585 circuit 26 H 357 rectifier, diode 153 rectifier, three-phase 347

Brooker, A 438 brush, DC machine brush, voltage drop at buffer, data buffer, op amp built-in potential buried layer bus C, programming language C++ cache memory cadmium sulphide - see CdS call, microcontroller

255 278 473

72 132 193

424, 471 421, 440, 546

440 422

469 capacitance - see also capacitor

definition 3 27 41 94

energy stored by reactance of s-domain standard for

capacitances, in series capacitances, in parallel capacitor

EMI emitter-bypass in ICs lead-through motor practical smoothing specifications for synchronous types of

capacity, telephone traffic carrier carrier concentration, intrinsic carrier suppression Carson's rule

573 17 16

564 168

194-5 564 330 II

151 12

341 II

543ff 478 130 483 485

cascaded amplifiers, noise in cascaded networks cathode, diode cat' s whisker CB amplifer

compared to CE etc. CC amplifier - see emitter follower CCITT CdS CE amplifer

AC load line base bias circuit capacitively-coupled class-A clipping in current gain fixed-bias cicrcuit gain degeneration high-frequency response h-parameters h-parameter eq. cct. input resistance load line low-frequency response no-load voltage gain Q-point series-fed small-signal eq. cct. transformer -coupled voltage-divider bias

CENELEC central processor unit - see CPU CGA cgs-emu channel channel capacity, maximum channel capacity, PCM and PAM character code characteristic impedance Chebyshev - see filter, Chebyshev chip, IC ,

499 123 136 143 162 175

537 128

162ft 168-9 163-4

221 220ff

165 169

163-4 168 171

169ff 169ff

167 163-4

171 168

163-4 220

167ff 222-3 166ff 550

434 244n.

478 514 514 428 563

195 chopper, DC 271, 353 circuit

AC DC elements, ideal elements, practical sinusoidally-excited theorems transformations

CIVIL, mnemonic

39ff Iff Iff 7ff

39ff 18ff 18ff 41

Index 589

clamping 154 clipping, diode 154 clipping, in CE amplifier 165 CMOS 181, 387, 389 CMOS, low-voltage 238, 389 CMRR, op amp 79 coaxial cable, effect on EMI 554-6 COBOL 421, 439 coercivity 247 coherent source 519n. Colossus, Boolean computer 416n. Colpitts oscillator 210, 487 combinational logic 366ft common base - see CB common collector - see emitter follower common emitter - see CE common-mode-rejection ratio - see CMRR common-source - see CS communications, history 477 commutation 257

problems with 275 companding 540 comparators 80 compensation, in semiconductor 134 compiler 421 complement, one's 368 complement, two's 368 complementary error function - see erfc complementation, logical 370 complex arithmetic 48ft complex notation 46 com pole 276 computer 416ft

architecture 417ff EDSAC 160 input and output devices 426ff

computing, analogue 75 conductance 8 conductance, definition 15 conduction band 129 conductivity, and mobility 130 conductivity, electrical 129 conjugate matching 61 consequent pole 328 constant-current source, op amp 74 converter

buck 232 cyclo- 357, 360 forward 232

590 Index

three-phase, 12-pulse 360 copper losses 277 three-phase, six-pulse 359 efficiency 277jj three-phase, with DC link 361 efficiency, maximum 279

cooling 239ff friction losses 278 copper losses 270, 299 iron losses 278 corner frequency I I I losses 277jj counter 402!! temperature of 277

bidirectional 406 windage 278

binary 405 winding 262

decade 407 DC matching 355 design 408jj DC motor 267ff ripple 405 starter 272 up/down 406 series-wound 273jj and timers, on 8051 449 shunt-wound 268JJ

coupling, coefficient of 7 brushless 361 CPU 417ff power 270

crest factor 44 speed control 271

critical angle 523 DC restoration, by diode 155

CRO 580!! de Forest, L 477

crossbar switching 535n. de Moivre's theorem 48 crossover distortion 224 de Morgan, A 374n.

crowbar protection 353 de Morgan's theorems 374ff

CRT display 434 de-emphasis 501-2 CS amplifier decibel, definition 63n.

equivalent circuit 184 decimal arithmetic, on 8051 465 high-frequency response 186 decimal-binary conversion 367 low-frequency response 185 decoder 384ff voltage gain 185 delay angle 359

current, electric, definition 4 delay circuit 476 current source, ideal I delay flip-flop 401 current source, practical 8 delayed function 100 current, standard for 573 delta function I 01 cycloconverter 357, 360 delta modulation 513 Czochralski process 193 demodulation, FM, by tuned circuit 488

demultiplexer 394 D/A converter- see DAC dependent source 174 DAC 214 depletion region 132 damping 105 detection probability 507 damping, critical 105 detector, OOK 506 dark current 133 development system 444 Darlington transistor 225 DHLD - see laser DAT 434 diac 349, 352 data latch 400-1 dibit 505n. data pointer 448 Dickens, C 477 Davy, Sir H 249n. diffusion 193 dB - see decibel base 195 DC chopper 353 buried-layer 193

DC generator 258!! capacitance. diode 142

DC machines 255ff emitter 195 isolation 194

digital communications 504ff

digital multimeter 577 diode - see also p-n junction, rectifier 136./f

AM detector 157 applications of junction l50ff bridge rectifier 153 capacitance 142 catch 155 clamp 154 clipping 154 freewheeling 156, 232, 354 frequency response 142 high-speed switching 143 ideal 137 invention of 477 light-emitting - see LED model 140 photo- 529 PIN 530 point-contact 143 reverse-recovery time 142 Schockley 349 Schottky 142 stabiliser 209 varactor 142 varicap 142 voltage rating 142 Zener 144

Dirac, PAM lOin. direct bandgap 530 disc, magnetic 432 discriminator 488 disortion p.f. 349 dispay, CRT 434 dispersion

in optical fibres 524.ff material 526 modal 524 waveguide 526 within-mode 526

divide-by-two circuit 405 Dolby, noise reduction 502 donor, dopant 130 don't cares 381 dopant 128 doping 193 dot convention, transformer 294 double-suffix notation 18n. DRAM 423 dry cell 236 dynamic resistance, of diode 139 dynamo 258

Index

E-line package E2PROM EBCDIC Eckert and Mauchly ECL eddy currents edge triggering EDSAC, computer EEPROM - see £ 2 PROM

591

176 396 428 417 387 249 403

160,417

eigenvalue, of FM modulation index 485 e.m. source, low-impedance 560 e.m. source, high-impedance 560 electromagnetic compatibility - see EMC electromagnetic interference - see EM/ electromagnetism 243./f electronic switching system - see ESS Elizabeth I, queen 243n. EMC 550./f EMC industrial standards 550 EMI 550./f

and CMRR 79 capacitive coupling of 55lff components and 563ff in power lines 563 in power supplies 563 in low-voltage ICs 389 inductive coupling of 554ff legal requirements for 550, 566 sources of 55lff

emitter-follower amplifier 173./f voltage gain 174 input resistance 174 equivalent circuit I 73

emitter-coupled logic - see ECL emulator encoder energy energy levels in silicon ENIAC, computer enigma, code Entscheidungsproblem epitaxial layer epitaxy EPROM erf erfc erfc, table Erlang error function - see etf error probability, FSK and PSK

444 384./f

27./f 131 417

416n. 4l6n.

520 193-4

396 493 493 506 541

507

592

error probability, OOK error rate, fibre optic systems errors, combining ESS ethernet exchange, telephone extrinsic conduction

F, subset of FORTRAN90 fan, cooling fan out, in logic ICs Faraday, M

505 506 571 546 436 541

128, 130ff

439 241 392

249n. Faraday's law of e.m. induction Faraday's law, in transformers FDM

249ff 295 539 429 417

FDX Ferranti Mark 1 computer ferrite ferrite bead, for EMI FET

amplifier depletion mode enhancement mode specifications structure

fibre optics fibre-optic transmitter

244, 247, 308 564

181ff 182 182 182 187 181

519ff 520

field-effect transistor - see FET filter

active 20lff active-inductor 204 Akerberg-Mossberg 218 analogue 197.ff bandpass 197 bandstop 197 Bessel 204 brickwall 197 Butterworth 200-1 Chebyshev 203 de-emphais 501-2 elliptic 203 first-order 198 gaussian 204 highpass, second-order 198 KHN 205 low pass 197 passive 198ft pre-emphasis 501-2 Q-factor 200 RLC l99ff Sal len-and-Key 202ff

Index

second-order series-RC series-RL single-pole state-variable switched-capacitor types of response types, compared universal

filtering, of EMI firing angle

198-9 198 198 198 205

206ff 203ff

204 206

562ff

first order circuit, lowpass response first-order circuit, highpass response first-order circuit, transien•" Fleming, J A

351 Ill 112 85ff 477 252 Fleming's rules

flip-flop clocked D-type JK master-slave T-type

floating-point generator floating-point arithmetic floppy disc fluorescent lamp FM

bandwidth compared to AM receiver transmitters

form factor FORTRAN frequency, angular frequency, definition frequency, standard for frequency response, steady state frequency response, normalised frequency-shift keying - see FSK frequency modulation - see FM Friiss's formula FSK full adder full duplex fuse

400ff 402

40lff 404ff

402 404 338 420 432 310

480, 483ff 485.ff

489 488 487 44

421, 438ff 40 40

573 II Off 200

499 504 383 429 230 122 g-parameters

GaAs GaAs, diode

128, 387, 520 137

GAL- see PAL gallium arsenide - see GaAs

Index 593

gallium phosphide - see GaP hre 169 GaP 128 hFE 161n., 166 gate - see logic /Cs hie 167, 169 gate-turn-off thyristor - see GTO highpass response 112 gaussian distribution 492 h,>e 169 generator hole 129

compound-wound 267 h,e 169 DC, equivalent circuit 266 hybrid circuit 194 DC 258ff hybrid parameters 122 DC shunt-wound 264 hydro-electric generator 338 delta-connected 284 hydrofluoric acid 192 e.m.f., DC 260 hydro-electric 340 hydrogen, coolant 339

separately-excited 262 hysteresis, in Schmitt trigger 81

star-connected 283 hysteresis losses 248

synchronous 333ff hysteresis, magnetic 248ff germanium 128 germanium, diode 137 fL 387

Gilbert, W. 243n. IBM 439, 440

golden rules, for op amps 71 IBM 417

grade of service 543 IBM 704 computer 438

graded-index fibre 525 ICs - see integrated circuits gray code 386 ideality factor 136n. gray-to-binary decoder 386 IEEE logic symbols 403 ground loop 555 IGBT 349 grounding 556ff IGFET 181 GTO 349, 353 immittance parameters 122 gyrator 84 impedance

converter, negative 83 H bridge 357 definition 46

H, magnetic field 244 parameters 118

h-parameters 122 transformation 295

h-parameters, of CE amplifier 169ff triangle 46

half adder 382 impulse function 101 In As 520

half duplex 429 indirect bandgap 530 half-power frequencies 62ff inductance Hall effect 129 definition od self- 5 handshaking 437, 473 energy stored by 27 hard magnetic material 247 mutual 6 harmonic distortion 348 reactance of 40 Hartley oscillator 210 s-domain 93 Harvard architecture 425 simulation 204-5 hazard, logic 393 standard for 573 HDX 429 induction motor 312ff heat sink 240 braking of 320

Heaviside, 0 18n., 39n., 91, 103, 246n. capacitor 330

heterojunction 521 domestic-supply 328

hexadecimal number 369 efficiency of 322-3

HEXFET 181 efficiency v. slip in 325 locked-rotor test for 321

HF - see hydrofluoric acid losses in 318.323

594 Index

no-load test 321 JFET 182.ff plugging of 320 biasing 182 power in 322-3 CS amplifier 182ff power factor of 324 self-biased CS amplifier 183 rotor design 327 structure 182 shaded-pole 330 Johnson noise 492 single-phase 328-9 JUGFET 182 slip in 315, 319ff jump, microcontroller 466.ff split-phase 329 stator current in 324 junction capacitance, diode 142 stator windings of 328 junction diode 136.ff synchronous speed of 315-6 junction field-effect transistor - see JFET synchronous frequency of 315-6 torque of 319 Kammerlingh Onnes 129 torque v. slip in 324 Karnaugh map 378.ff speed control 328 Kerwin, Huelsman and Newcomb 205 equivalent circuit 317, 321 keyboard 429

inductors keying methods, ASK etc. 504 construction of 255 KHN, filter 205 practical 12 Kilburn, T 417 specifications for 12 smoothing 347 Kirchhoff, G R 13n.

infinite bus 337 Kirchhoff's laws 13.ff (ln,Ga)As 530 InP 531 lagging, definition 40

instruction set 421 lamination 249, 299

instruments, electrical 574.ff LAN 435

integrated circuits lap-wound machine 261

logic 373.ff Laplace transform pairs 92 manufacture 190ff Laplace transformation 91.ff types of 387 laser diode 138, 520

integrated injection logic -see fL laser, double-heterojunction 521 integrator, dual-slope 578 laser trimming 194 integrator, op amp 74 latch 474-5 interfacing, computer peripheral 429 lead frame 193 interfacing, microcontroller 470.ff lead-acid battery 236ff

internal resistance, of source 7 leading, definition 40 Internet 441 leakage current, in p-n junction 133 interpole 276 Leclanche cell - see zinc-carbon interpreter 421 LED, edge-emitting 148 interrupts, computer 427 LED - see also laser diode 147-8 interrupts, on 8051 451 Leo, computer 417 intrinsic conduction 128.ff light-emitting diode - see LED inversion, logical 370 line voltage 284 inverter, BJT 175 linewidth, laser 521 inverter, controllable logic 407 linewidth, laser diode 526 iron losses 270, 299 linewidth, of LED 148 ISDN 547 LISP 421, 439 isolation diffusion 193 Lissajous figures 584

lithium battery 236.ff Java 441 load line, diode 140

Index 595

locked rotor 320 mark-space ratio 413 lodestone 243 masking 192 logarithmic converter. diode 156 mass action, Jaw of 131 logic matching, DC 355

asynchronous 400 matching loads, by transformer 295 combinational 366ff maximum-power transfer, AC circuits 59 convention 3691!. maximum-power-transfer theorem 29 families 387ff max term 376ff functions 369ff hazard 393

measurements 569ff

ICs 373ff memory, computer 42Iff

ICs, low-voltage 389 memory ICs 424

ICs, speed of 391 memory, random-access - see RAM ICs, voltage levels 390 memory, read-only -see ROM ICs, noise immunity 390 memory, semiconductor 423-4 ICs, fan out 392 mesh analysis, in AC circuits 52ff ICs, power 392 mesh analysis 30ff ICs, propagation delay 392 mesh, definition 30 inverter, controllable 407 microcontroller minimisation 378if

442ff

sequential 400if microcontrollers, table of 443

synchronous 400 microprocessor 442ff

three-state 392 Miller effect 171

look-up table 469 minimisation, of logic circuit 378ff

Lorentz force 251 minority carrier 131

Lorentz, H A 25In. min term 376ff Joss tangent 11 mobility, of charge carriers 130

low-voltage logic 389 Modula2 440

Jowpass filter 116 modulation 478

Jowpass response I I I modulation, binary 504 modulation index, AM 480

M, magnetisation 244 modulation index, FM 484

machine code 421 monomodal fibres 523

machine cycle time 447 monostable multivibrator 411

magnetic circuit 24Sff Morse code 478

magnetic disc 432 MOSFET 181

magnetic field 244 motor control 358

magnetic field, measurement of 573 motor, DC 267ff magnetic flux density 244 motor, induction 3!2ff

magnetic flux 244 motor, squirrel cage 313

magnetic glass 308 motor, synchronous 336

magnetic permeability 244 motor, wound-rotor 313

magnetic polarisation 247n. moving-coil meter 575

magnetisation 244 moving-iron instruments 575n.

magnetisation, residual 265 multimodal fibres 523

magnetism 243ff multiplexer 393ff4

magneto-motive force - see m.m.f multiplexer, Boolean functions with 395

m.m.f. 245 multiplexing, telephony 539

majority carrier 131 Marconi, G 477 n-type semiconductor 128

NAND 370

596 Index

narrow-band FM 486 one's complement 368 natural frequency 105 OOK 504 near-field e.m. radiation 560 op amp 7lff negative logic 369n. bias current 78 network, computer 435 buffer 72 network, protocol 436 CMRR 79 neutral zone 258 constant-current source 74

Newton-Raphson iteration 352 drift 78

nicad battery 236ff input-offset voltage 76 integrator 74

nickel-metal hydride battery 236ff feedback in 71 NiMH - see nickel-metal hydride gain-bandwidth product 78 NMOS 387 gain-frequency response 78 nodal analysis 33ff ideal 7l.ff nodal analysis, in AC circuits 52ff inverting 72 node, definition 13n., 34n. loop gain 78 node, principal 34n. non-inverting 74

noise 491ff open-loop gain 71

1/f 494 practical 76.ff bandwidth 492.ff saturation 72

electronic 491.ff summing 73

figure 497 slew rate 79

flicker 494 specifications of 77

in digital communications 504ff unity-gain frequency 78

in AM and FM receivers 500 voltage follower 72

Johnson 492 open collector 80 pink 494 operational amplifier - see op amp quantisation 512 optical fibres 522ff resistance, equivalent 495 connecting 529 shot 493 splicing 529 temperature 497 optical receiver, performance 532 thermal 492 OR 369 transistor 494 oscillator 207ff triangle 500-1 Colpitts 210,487 white 492 Hartley 210

NOR 370 LC 210 Norton, E L 20n. phase-shift 219 Norton's theorem 20ff quartz-crystal 211 Norton's theorem, in AC circuits 50ff RC 208 NOT 370 relaxation 208

numerical aperture 523 square-wave 208

Nyquist frequency 215 Wien bridge 209, 219

Nyquist rate 490 oscilloscope - see CRO OTP 396

object-oriented programming 441 overdamping 105

octave Ill overload traffic 545

Ohm, Georg Simon 3n. Owen's bridge 67

Ohm's law 3 oxidation, of silicon 191

on-off keying -see OOK p-n junction 132ff one-shot - see monostable multivibrator

one-time programmable - see OTP p-type semiconductor 128 package, transistor 176

package, voltage-regulator 213 package, SO, SSO, TSSO 390 PAL 396ft PAM 490 parallel resonant frequency 66 Pascal 440 passivation 193 PCM 540, 510ft per-unit values 302 percent values 302 Peregrinus, P. 243 periodic table 128 permanent magnet 247 permeability, magnetic 244 p.f. - see power factor phase angle, definition 40 phase angle, of phasor 49ft phase-angle firing 358 phase modulation - see PM phase response 110 phase sequence 283 phase sequencer 288 phase-shift keying - see PSK phase-shift network, RC 52 phase voltage 283 phasor diagram 49 phasors 46ft phonon 147 phosphorus, dopant in silicon 130, 192 photoconduction 529 photodiode 529 photolithography 191 photon 147 photons/bit 520 photoresist 191 PIN diode 530 pinch-off 182 PL/1 439 PLA- see PAL planar process 191 Plante cell - see lead-acid platinum resistance thermometer 194 PLD- see PAL plugging 320 PM 480 PMOS 387 polar form 47 poles 115 polling 437

Index

polysilicon pony engine POP port, microcontroller POS positive logic power

AC ciruits apparent conditioning DC motor electronics measurement, by 2 wattmeters measurement, three-phase reactive supply supply, switch-mode triangle

597

193 341 458

453ft 377ft 369n.

27ft 41ft, 58ft

59 364 270

347ft 290

292fl 59

229ft 231ft

58 power-down control register, PCON power-factor

454-5 59ft 59ft 344 349 491 PPM

correction correction, synchronous motor distortion

pre-emphasis precision preferred values primary, of transformer printer product-of-sums - see POS product-over-sum rule progam counter

501-2 569

10 293 430

16 448

program-staus word - see PSW programmable logic arrays - see PAL programming languages PROLOG propagation delay, in ICs protocol, network PSK PSW pull-out torque pulse function pulse modulation

438ft 421, 439

392 436 504

446, 448 334 100 490

pulse-amplitude modulation - see PAM pulse-code modulation - see PCM pulse-position modulation 491 pulse-width modulation - see PWM PUSH 458 PWM PWM, AC motor control with

229, 491 364

598 Index

PWM comparator 234 resonance 61ft resonant circuit, frequency response I I 6

Q, reactive power 59 Richardson's equation 143 Q-factor, of series RLC circuit 62 right-hand corkscrew rule 251 Q-factor, of parallel RLC circuit 65 right-hand rule 244 Q-point - see quiescent point ripple, in half-wave rectifier 151-2 quality factor - see Q-factor ripple, in full-wave rectifier !53 quantisation error 215, 511-2 RLC circuit quantum efficiency 147 parallel 64ff

quantum limit, for detection 533 parallel, practical 66 quantum noise level 532 series 62ff

quartz - see silica transients in 103

quartz-crystal oscillator 2 I I r.m.s., definition 42 robotics 442

R-2R network 215 roll-off, of filter 198

radiative recombination 147 ROM 422

RAM 422 root mean square - see r.m.s.

ramp function 96 RS-232 429

Rayleigh scattering 528 reactance, definition 40 S, apparent power 59

reactance, reluctance 341 s-domain 93

reactive power 59 salient-pole motor 341

reciprocity theorem 123 sample-and-hold circuit 214

rectangular form 46 sampling 490

rectifier saturation

diode-bridge 153 DC machine 263

equation 136 BJT transistor 163 full-wave 152 magnetic 244-5

half-wave 150 saturation magnetisation 245

silicon-controlled - see SCR Schmitt trigger 81 three-phase bridge 347 Schockley diode 349

redundancy, logical 378, 393 Schottky, advanced low-power, ALS 391 reflection, of e.m. radiation 559 Schottky diode 143-4 relative permeability 244 Schottky TTL 389 reluctance 245 SCR 349 reluctance reactance 341 secondary, of transformer 293 reluctance torque 342 self-bias - see under JFET remanence 247 semiconductors 128ft resistance sequence generator, design 408ff

definition 3 sequential logic 400ff s-domain 93 serial data, microcontroller 454 simulation of 206 serial-data buffer, SBUF 454 standard for 573 serial-port-control register, SCON 454-5 tempco 9 series RC circuit

resistances, in series 15 frequency response 110 resistances, in parallel 15 time constant 86 resistivity 129 transients 85 resistors, practical 9 series resonant frequency 62 resistors, specifications for 10 series RL circuit 45 resolution 570 transients 87

time constant series RLC circuit

Bode diagram natural frequency transients

series-parallel conversion seven-segment display SFR shaded-pole motor Shannon, C E shield, EMI, sheet conductor shield, EMI, conductor shift register short-circuit ratio sidebands, AM sidebands, FM sign convention signal-to-noise ratio - see SNR silica fibre silica fibres, absorption in silicon silicon, production

88

116

105 103 55

385 445, 448ff

330 514

558ff 551 410 335 481 484

2

520 528

128, 130 190

silicon-controlled rectifier - see SCR silicon iron - see silicon steel silicon steel 244, 245, 249 simplex 429 simulator, microprocessor 444 single-sideband operation 483 sinusoidal excitation 39ff skin depth 1 558 SLD - see laser diode smoothing inductor 347 SMPS - see power supply, switch-mode SMT - see surface-mount technology Snell's law 523 SNR SNR, in digital communications SNR, quantisation snubber SO package soft magnetic material solar cell SOP sources

496 506ff

512 230 390 247

148-50 377ff

dependent 122 high-impedance c.m. radiation 560 id~l w low-impedance e.m. radiation 560 practical 7ff transformation 20ff

Index 599

SPC 535-7, 542, 546ff special-function register - see SFR spectrum, electromagnetic spectrum noise level spherical spreading SPICE spinning generator split-phase motor square loop square-wave generator SR flip-flop SRAM SSOP stack pointer standard deviation standard error standards, electrical star-delta transformation, DC circuits star-delta transformation, AC circuits starter, DC motor state-variable filter stator STC laboratories step function step-index fibre stored-programme control - see SPC Strowger subroutine

478-9 508 509 I 15 338 329 248 208 400 423 390 449 570 570 572 24ff

56 272 205 259 519

85 523

535n. 469

subscript convention 166n., 167 sum-of-products - see SOP superconductor 129 supernode 33 superposition theorem 22 surface-mount technology 9 susceptance 55 switch, transistor 175 switched-capacitor filter 206ff switching regulator 234 synchronous machines

capacitor 341 construction 339 generator 333!! generator, cooling 339 generator, eq. cct. 334 generator, floating 338 generator, infinite bus 337 generator, regulation 337 generator, salient-pole 340 generator, spinning 338 motor 34lff

600

motor, equivalent circuit 342 motor, p.f. correction with 344 per-unit value 335 reactance 334 short-circuit ratio 335 starting 341 torque 334 torque angle 334 V -curves 341

Sziklai connection 225

T-n - see star-delta T -attenuator, symmetrical 120 tan8 II tank circuit - see RLC circuit, parallel Tchebycheff - see filter, Chebyshev TCR - see resistance, tempco TDM 539 tee-pi - see star-delta telegraph 477 telephony 535ff tesla 244 Tesla, N 282 thermal resistance 239 thermometer 573 Thevenin, L 18n. The venin's theorem 18!! Thevenin's theorem, in AC circuits 50ff thick-film technology 194 thin-film technology 194 three-phase power measurement 290ff three-phase systems 282!! three-state logic 392 threshold effect 506 thyristor 349 time constant, RL circuit 88 time constant, RC circuit 86 time domain 48 time-averaged values 44 timer 412ff timer-mode register, TMOD T03 package 176 T039 package 176 T092 package 176 T0220 package 176 toggling 404 token-ring network 437 torque angle 334 total internal reflection 522

Index

traffic, telephone 543ff transatlantic cables 538 transatlantic communications 477 transducers, electrical 572!! transformer 293ff

arc-welding 310 auto 308 base values 302 coil losses 299 copper losses 299 core lamination 299 core losses 299 current 308-9 design 305-6 efficiency 298ff efficiency measurement 300 e.m.f. of 295-6 equivalent circuit 296ff high-frequency 308 iron losses 299 ideal 293ff isolating 557 leakage flux 297 leakage-flux reduction 303 leakage inductance 298 longitudinal 557 losses 298ff maximum efficiency 299 neutralising 557-8 open-circuit test 300 percent values 302 per-unit values 302 potential 309 short-circuit test 300 three-phase 306 types of 308ff voltage 309 voltage regulation 303ff

transient analysis, by Laplace 9Iff transient suppresser 230 transients 85ff transistor - see BJT, FET transistor noise 494 transistor-transistor logic - see TTL transmission losses 509 transmission parameters 123 tri-state logic - see three-state logic triac 349, 352 triode 477 triple-n harmonics 285 true r.m.s. meter 585 ~ili~~ 3~

TSSOP 390 TTL 388ft Turing, AM 416n. Turing machine 416 turns ratio 294 twisted pair, effect on EMI 555-6 two-wattmeter method 290 two's complement 368

UART 429 unary operation 459 unbalanced load, three-phase 287ft underdamping 105 UNIVAC 417 universal filter 206 UNIX 440, 546

V/F - see voltage-frequency converter V-curves 341 valence band 129 varactor diode 487 variac 308 variance 569 varistor 23.0 vars 59 VCEsat 163 vco 487 VGA 434 virtual ground 73 VMOS 181 voltage limiter 154 voltage multiplier, diode 155 voltage regulation, in transformer 303ft voltage regulation, by Zener 146 voltage regulator 213 voltage regulator, switching 234 voltage source, ideal I voltage source, practical 7 voltage, standard for 572 voltage-divider rule 15 voltage-frequency converters 216 Von Neumann architecture 425 VRRM• diode 142

WAN 435 wattmeter 290 wattmeter, electrodynamic 576 wave-wound machine 261 waveform generator 212

Index

weber Widlar source

601

244 217

67 Wien' s bridge Wilkes, M V Williams, F C windage losses

417, 421n., 422n., 436, 438 417 270 193 wire bonding

within-pulse SNR wye-pi - see star-delta

507

XOR 373 XOR gate, as controlled inverter 407

Y-1t - see star-delta y-parameters yoke

z-parameters Zener diode zero-crossing detector zeroes zinc-air battery zinc-carbon battery zinc-silver battery

120 293

118 144ft

80, 489 115 238

236ft 238